CN111617872A - Large-scale dry-method enrichment ore dressing energy-saving and environment-friendly process for quartz-vein noble metal ore - Google Patents
Large-scale dry-method enrichment ore dressing energy-saving and environment-friendly process for quartz-vein noble metal ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN111617872A CN111617872A CN202010710309.5A CN202010710309A CN111617872A CN 111617872 A CN111617872 A CN 111617872A CN 202010710309 A CN202010710309 A CN 202010710309A CN 111617872 A CN111617872 A CN 111617872A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/20—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy after crushing or disintegrating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/20—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy after crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/22—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy after crushing or disintegrating with recirculation of material to crushing or disintegrating zone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
- B07B7/01—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using gravity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale dry enrichment mineral separation energy-saving environment-friendly process for quartz vein noble metal ores, wherein raw ores are fed into a receiving hopper through a forklift and enter a jaw crusher and a cone crusher for crushing, crushed raw ores are fed into a vertical roller mill for ultrafine grinding through an inclined belt conveyor after being metered by a belt type metering scale, the ultrafine powder of the raw ores is carried by air flow and enters a coarse and fine powder separator at the upper part of the vertical roller mill for coarse and fine powder separation, the coarse powder of the raw ores falls into a grinding disc of the vertical roller mill for continuous grinding, and the ultrafine powder of the separated raw ores is carried by air flow and enters a concentrator for dry mineral separation; the crude ore ultrafine powder is accurately separated in a suspension state, and the ultrafine gangue powder is taken away by airflow, collected by a bag type dust collector and then enters a bulk machine through a conveying chute to be transported away; the invention has the advantages of simplified process, low investment, high target ore dressing rate, no water consumption, no medicament consumption and no medicament pollution in discharged tailings, and can be used as a green building material or for pit backfilling and field building by re-ploughing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a beneficiation process, in particular to a large-scale dry-method enrichment beneficiation energy-saving environment-friendly process for quartz vein noble metal ores.
Background
The ore dressing industry of quartz vein noble metal ores continues to use a gradually improved medicament wet flotation process for noble metal ore dressing for hundreds of years, and the process is relatively suitable for ore-enriched production scale and high value-added benefit ore dressing; after long-term mining, the industrial demand is greatly increased due to the excellent physical characteristics of precious metals, rich ores are less and less, and the mining of low lean ores is a main production object in the mining and beneficiation industry; the poor ore separation by the old wet process causes huge medicament consumption, high cost and low benefit, and simultaneously generates a great amount of tailings carrying toxic and harmful flotation medicaments, which can not be digested and utilized, thereby causing the long-term environmental pollution problem; the dilemma causes a large number of precious metal ore dressing enterprises to stop production due to environmental protection; or loss due to excessive cost; therefore, the traditional wet method reagent flotation process cannot adapt to the modern mineral separation production taking lean ores as objects.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the prior art, the large-scale dry enrichment ore dressing energy-saving and environment-friendly process for the quartz vein noble metal ore has the advantages of simplified process, large treatment capacity, small occupied area, small investment, high target ore dressing rate, no water consumption and no medicament consumption, has no medicament pollution in discharged tailings, and can be used as a green building material or be backfilled into an ore pit, ploughed again to make a field and planted ecologically.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a large-scale dry enrichment ore dressing energy-saving and environment-friendly process for quartz-vein noble metal ores comprises the steps that raw ores are fed into a receiving hopper through a forklift and sequentially enter a jaw crusher and a cone crusher for crushing, the granularity of crushed raw ores is 5-30 mm, the crushed raw ores with the granularity are fed into a vertical roller mill for superfine grinding through an inclined belt conveyor after being metered through a belt type metering scale, the superfine powder of the ground raw ores is carried into a coarse and fine powder separator on the upper portion of the vertical roller mill for coarse and fine powder separation through air flow, the coarse powder of the raw ores is returned into a grinding disc of the vertical roller mill through the coarse and fine powder separator for continuous grinding, and the superfine powder of the separated raw ores is carried into an ore dressing machine for dry ore dressing through the air flow in a system pipeline;
after dry beneficiation of a concentrating machine, raw ore ultrafine powder meeting the requirements is accurately separated into target ore powder and gangue powder in a suspension state, the gangue powder is taken away by air flow in a system pipeline and collected by a bag type dust collector, then enters a bulk machine through a conveying chute arranged below the bag type dust collector and is transported away, air purified by the bag type dust collector is discharged from an exhaust pipe through a system fan, and the dust concentration in the filtered and separated discharged gas is less than 10mg/m3(ii) a Discharging the enriched target ore powder from a target ore powder aggregate cone hopper at the lower part of the concentrating machine through an electric air-locking discharger, conveying, lifting, warehousing and storing for next selection; the vertical roller mill, the concentrating machine, the bag type dust collector and the system fan are used in series, so that the materials are loaded with powder particles in a continuous air flow from the drying → grinding → concentrating → collecting part to finish the processes of grinding, concentrating, and collecting tailings, the process route is simplest and simplest, the conveying equipment is least, and the energy consumption is lowest; the powder particle-bearing gas which comes out of the vertical roller mill directly enters the concentrator, the mineral powder particles and the air flow are mixed most uniformly, the concentration of the gas is just suitable for the requirement of the concentrator on the dispersed concentration of the material particles, and the air inlet of the concentrator do not need to be independently supplied air to the material for mixing, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and the production cost of the equipment is reduced.
The whole line process adopts negative pressure operation, and the airflow power is provided by a system fan arranged at the tail end of the production line.
According to the vertical roller mill, a main transmission motor is connected with a main speed reducer, a grinding disc is installed on the main speed reducer, a stop ring is welded on the grinding disc, a grinding roller is connected with a rocker arm and is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, and a hot air ring is fixed outside the grinding disc and the stop ring in a hook mode; the coarse and fine powder separator comprises an air guide device, a rotary part, a main shaft of the coarse and fine powder separator, a speed reducer of the coarse and fine powder separator and a motor of the coarse and fine powder separator, the air guide device is welded and fixed on a shell of the vertical mill, and the rotary part is connected with the speed reducer of the coarse and fine powder separator and the motor of the coarse and fine powder separator through the main shaft of the coarse and fine powder separator and drives the rotary part to rotate; the pneumatic double-layer feed air locking valve and the pneumatic double-layer raw material feed air locking valve are respectively connected to the shell of the vertical mill through a feed chute; the air outlet is welded on the upper part of the vertical mill shell, and the upper port of the coarse powder feeder is welded on the side wall of the lower part of the vertical mill shell; the hot blast stove is communicated with the hot blast ring through a pipeline, and the cold air station is arranged on the pipeline between the hot blast stove and the hot blast ring;
the specific process of the superfine grinding of the vertical roller mill is as follows: crushed raw ore with the granularity of 5mm to 30mm is fed into the middle part of a grinding disc of a vertical roller mill through a pneumatic double-layer raw material feeding air locking valve and a feeding chute communicated with the pneumatic double-layer raw material feeding air locking valve, the rocker arm is driven by a hydraulic cylinder to enable a grinding roller connected to the rocker arm to extrude materials on the grinding disc, the rotary grinding disc and a self-rotating grinding roller perform motion extrusion on the crushed raw ore, the crushed raw ore is subjected to three stages of degassing and compacting to form a material layer and ultra-fine grinding in the process of centrifugal motion from the middle part of the grinding disc to the edge part of the grinding disc, meanwhile, under the suction action of a fan of a 9400Pa high-pressure system, the raw ore after ultra-fine grinding is taken away by high-speed airflow entering from an air suction port at the lower part of the grinding disc, the mixed dust-containing airflow enters a coarse and fine powder separator at the upper part of the vertical roller mill to perform, the coarse particles fall to the center of the grinding disc through a funnel structure of the air guide device, are mixed with other newly-fed raw ores, and participate in a new grinding process;
part of large granular materials difficult to grind can not be brought up by hot air at the hot air ring, are discharged out of the vertical roller mill through the upper port of the coarse powder blanking device, are fed into the middle part of a grinding disc of the vertical roller mill through a pneumatic double-layer feed back air locking valve and a feed chute communicated with the pneumatic double-layer feed back air locking valve after being deironized and are ground together with new feed; the circulating grinding process can be carried out hundreds of times per minute, and high-efficiency circulation is carried out for many times, so that the grinding efficiency is high, the raw ore can be quickly ground and sorted, the superfine raw ore powder meeting the fineness requirement is timely separated and taken away by the air outlet, and the coarse powder falls into the grinding disc for circulating grinding; the particle size of the raw ore is unqualified, and the raw ore can not be discharged from an air outlet at the upper end of the vertical roller mill, so that the high efficiency of grinding the raw ore and the fineness of the ground raw ore powder are uniform, the particle size of 5-30 mu m accounts for 90%, and the maximum particle size is 40 mu m;
the process production line has two air flows, one is that normal temperature air is provided by an atmospheric space and enters from a cold air station; hot air flow for drying the moisture of the raw ore is provided by a hot air furnace and enters from a hot air door; the mixed two materials enter a vertical roller mill through a hot air ring of the vertical roller mill, the temperature can be adjusted through the opening of a cold air valve and a hot air valve, the temperature of the mixed materials enters the vertical roller mill with the air temperature of 150-300 ℃, and the air speed of the vertical roller mill is 15-20 m/s; the air temperature of the vertical roller mill is reduced to 100-105 ℃ due to the evaporation of the water of the raw ore; the cold air station and the hot air furnace are arranged to ensure that the air temperature is stable and reliable, the evaporation speed of water is moderate, and a material layer is easy to form on the grinding disc.
The concentrating machine comprises a shell, a transmission motor and a speed reducer, wherein the upper part of the shell is provided with a gangue powder outlet; a suspension ore dressing chamber is arranged in the middle of the shell, and a gangue separator is arranged in the suspension ore dressing chamber; a target ore powder aggregate cone hopper is arranged at the lower part of the shell, an ore-rich fine powder outlet is arranged at the bottom of the target ore powder aggregate cone hopper, and an electric air-locking discharger is arranged below the ore-rich fine powder outlet; the transmission motor is connected with the speed reducer and drives the arterial stone separator to rotate through the transmission main shaft; an air inlet and a material inlet are arranged in the tangential direction of the side wall of the shell at the position corresponding to the suspension ore dressing chamber; the suspension ore dressing chamber comprises three large circular rings with the same size, a plurality of steel pipes and a plurality of high-strength wear-resistant steel sheets; the circumferential corresponding positions of three large rings arranged up and down are respectively connected and fixed through a plurality of steel pipes which are longitudinally penetrated, the three large rings are supported by the steel pipes to form an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure at equal intervals, a plurality of high-strength wear-resistant steel sheets are uniformly and vertically fixed between the circumferential corresponding surfaces of two adjacent large rings, and the high-strength wear-resistant steel sheets are arranged at an included angle of 10-38 degrees with the circumferential tangential direction of the large rings; the three large circular rings, the plurality of steel pipes and the plurality of high-strength wear-resistant steel sheets jointly form a tubular body with a louver structure on the side wall; the suspension ore dressing chamber is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the middle part of the shell through flange plates arranged on the end surfaces of the upper and lower large circular rings; the upper end of the target ore powder aggregate cone hopper is fixedly connected with a flange plate at the lower end of the suspension ore dressing chamber; the gangue separator comprises four flaky circular rings, a plurality of steel rods, a plurality of angle steels, bolts, a plurality of strip-shaped blades, a hollow circular table, a plurality of connecting supporting bars and three wind-breaking special-shaped steel sheets; the circumferential corresponding positions of four sheet-shaped rings which are arranged up and down are respectively connected and fixed through a plurality of steel rods which are longitudinally penetrated, the four sheet-shaped rings are supported by the steel rods at equal intervals to form an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure, a plurality of angle steels are respectively and uniformly fixed on the circumferential corresponding surfaces of two adjacent sheet-shaped rings, a strip-shaped blade is fixed between a pair of angle steels corresponding to the corresponding surfaces of the two adjacent sheet-shaped rings through bolts, and the plane where each strip-shaped blade is located and the sheet-shaped ring where the angle steel connected with the end part is located are arranged in an included angle of 1-25 degrees in the normal direction of the connecting point of the strip-shaped; the outer edge of the lower end of the hollow circular table is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the flaky circular ring at the lowest end, two ends of the connecting support bar are respectively fixed on other layers of flaky circular rings and the outer side wall of the hollow circular table with the corresponding height, the middle part of the upper end surface of the hollow circular table is provided with a shaft hole, and the lower end of the transmission main shaft is fixedly arranged at the shaft hole in a penetrating way; three air-breaking special-shaped steel sheets are respectively and uniformly and fixedly connected between the circumferential directions of the inner rings of the flaky circular rings at the upper layer and the middle layer and the circumferential direction of the outer side wall of the hollow circular truncated cone;
the specific separation process of the concentrating machine is as follows: the airflow in the system pipeline carries the superfine powder (the granularity is less than 40 mu m) of the raw ore to do circular motion in the inner wall of the shell along the tangential direction of the shell through the air inlet and the material inlet, and the superfine powder enters the suspension ore dressing chamber to participate in the ore dressing process after being guided by the gaps between the shutter type high-strength wear-resistant steel sheets of the suspension ore dressing chamber; the transmission motor drives the speed reducer and the transmission main shaft to rotate to drive the gangue separator to rotate, when the gangue separator rotates at a certain rotating speed, annular rotating airflow taking the gangue separator as the center is formed in the suspension ore dressing chamber, at the moment, one side of noble metal particles with high specific gravity in the ore powder particles circularly move along with the rotational flow and simultaneously do downward sedimentation movement under the action of gravity, and gangue powder with low specific gravity in the ore powder particles is pumped by a system draught fan (not shown in the figure), moves to the gap of a strip-shaped blade of the gangue separator, enters the gangue separator, is pumped out from an opening above the gangue separator under the action of the draught fan and negative pressure of airflow, enters the upper part of the shell and is discharged through a gangue powder outlet; because the specific gravity of the noble metal particles in the rotating airflow is far larger than that of the gangue particles (10-20 times), under the action of rotational flow, the retention time of the ore powder particles in the suspension beneficiation chamber is greatly prolonged, and the downward settlement displacement of the noble metal particles with large specific gravity is far larger than that of the gangue powder particles along with the lapse of the rotation time; the gangue powder particles in the same time and space have small specific gravity and are drawn by a system induced draft fan to enter the gaps of the gangue separator, and the displacement of the gangue powder particles is far larger than that of the noble metal particles; therefore, the noble metal particles rotate while descending, and separate from the air flow center of the suction force of a draught fan of the system to move downwards in a settling manner; the gangue powder particles enter the gangue separator along with the airflow of the system fan and are carried out from the gangue powder outlet; the purpose of arranging the concentrating machine is to separate noble metals in the noble metal ore from gangue powder as much as possible by utilizing the specific structure and the separation process of the concentrating machine so as to achieve the purpose of enriching the noble metals, the purity of the enriched fine powder is high, and the content of the noble metals in the gangue powder is extremely low and constant; the materials directly enter the sorting area in a mode of low-concentration gas-powder (material) mixing ratio, a gas-powder (material) mixing process, a mechanical lifting feeding process, a material scattering disk and a material scattering process are omitted, independent air inlet is reduced, the material scattering disk for uniformly distributing the materials is omitted, the production cost and the production process are saved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the mineral separation efficiency is high and accurate; the material movement space in the suspension ore dressing chamber in the ore dressing machine is widened, the purpose of widening is to reduce the running speed of the airflow containing powder (material), so that the noble metal particles with overlarge specific gravity can quickly settle and move out of the ore dressing area of the suspension ore dressing chamber, and the purpose of ore dressing is achieved; the arrangement angle of the high-strength wear-resistant steel sheet of the suspension ore dressing chamber is reduced along the tangential direction, the gap is enlarged, the rotation speed of the powder (material) carrying airflow is reduced, the buoyancy of the airflow is increased, so that lighter gangue particles are suspended upwards and discharged from a gangue powder outlet along with the airflow, and noble metal particles escape from an ore dressing area for suspending and floating ores under the action of gravity and enter an ore aggregate cone hopper for collection, so that the concentration of the noble metal particles collected by the ore aggregate cone hopper is improved, the purity of the collected fine powder is high, and the strip-shaped blades of the gangue separator are arranged in an included angle with the normal direction of the circumference, so that the time for the airflow to enter the interior (leaving the ore dressing area) of a rotor of the gangue separator is prolonged, and the noble metal particles; the high-strength wear-resistant steel sheet of the suspension ore dressing chamber and the long-strip-shaped blades of the gangue separator are arranged in the same flow direction, accord with the hydromechanics principle, are beneficial to passing through materials, so that light materials smoothly enter the gangue separator to be taken away, heavy materials prolong the time, and enough time is provided for descending towards the ore aggregate cone hopper.
The ore-enriched fine powder containing the precious metal particles is settled and collected into a target ore powder aggregate cone hopper, and then is discharged through an ore-enriched fine powder outlet and an electric air-locking discharger, and the precious metal-containing particles with large specific gravity are separated from the gangue powder with small specific gravity through the processes, so that the purpose of dry ore dressing is achieved.
The air speed in the ore dressing machine is 10-20 m/s, the temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the pressure drop is 2500 Pa; the temperature in the bag type dust collector is 80-90 ℃, the pressure drop is 1500Pa, and the filtering wind speed is 0.8 m/min.
The linear speed control range of the gangue separator of the concentrating machine is 8-12 m/s, the concentrating precision and the concentrating efficiency are determined by the suction force (negative pressure) of a system fan and the rotating linear speed of the gangue separator, and the concentrating efficiency and the concentrating precision are realized by adjusting the two parameters.
The air pressure control range of a system fan is 8900-9900 Pa, the mineral separation precision and efficiency are determined by the suction force (negative pressure) of the system fan and the linear speed of the rotation of the gangue separator, and the mineral separation efficiency and precision are realized by adjusting the two parameters.
The air speed of the system pipeline is 18-24 m/s, and the system pipeline is a general name of a communication pipeline between the vertical roller mill and the concentrating machine, a communication pipeline between the concentrating machine and the bag type dust collector and a communication pipeline between the bag type dust collector and the system fan.
The conversion parameters of the system air volume and the processed ore powder volume are as follows: the concentration of the mineral powder carried by each cubic volume of air is as follows: 150g/m3～380g/m3Air.
The invention has the following effects:
1. the raw ore is ground by the ultrafine powder, the target mineral is fully released, and a foundation is laid for accurate and efficient ore dressing.
2. The selection of the large efficient SRM-M series vertical roller mill greatly improves the ore grinding yield, the yield is from 500 tons, 1000 tons, 5000 tons to 10000 tons every day, the fineness of the ore powder is greatly improved, and the ore powder can be randomly selected from 300 meshes, 400 meshes and 500 meshes.
3. The grinding power consumption is greatly reduced, only 30-50% of the power consumption of the traditional wet grinding is needed, and the ore grinding cost is saved.
4. The dry method has high mineral dressing efficiency, the target ore in the gangue powder is reduced by 70 to 80 percent compared with the traditional wet method, the cost is extremely low, and no medicament is consumed.
5. The gangue powder (tailing slag) after mineral separation has no chemical reagent pollution and can be used as building materials or mine pit re-ploughing.
6. The first half of the enrichment beneficiation process of the invention takes air as a medium, does not need water to participate, and is particularly suitable for water-deficient and water-deficient areas.
7. The dry beneficiation process has no harmful medicament volatile pollution, such as occupational injury caused by mercury volatilization to operators.
8. The dry grinding and ore dressing process can realize full-process automatic operation, and only a routing inspection worker is left in a production workshop.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of the concentrator structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the gangue separator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of the suspension concentrating chamber of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view along line B-B of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the vertical roller mill of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the grinding pan and grinding roller of the vertical roller mill of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-8, a large-scale dry enrichment ore-dressing energy-saving and environment-friendly process for quartz-vein noble metal ores, raw ores are fed into a receiving hopper 2 through a forklift 1 and sequentially enter a jaw crusher 3 and a cone crusher 4 for crushing, the particle size of crushed raw ores is 20mm, the crushed raw ores with the particle size are metered through a belt type metering scale 5 and then fed into a vertical roller mill 7 for ultrafine grinding through an inclined belt conveyor 6, the ground raw ore ultrafine powder is carried by air flow to enter a coarse-fine powder separator 75 on the upper part of the vertical roller mill 7 for coarse-fine powder separation, the raw ore coarse powder is returned into a grinding disc of the vertical roller mill 7 by the coarse-fine powder separator 75 for continuous grinding, and the separated raw ore ultrafine powder is carried by the air flow in a system pipeline to enter an ore dressing machine 8 for dry ore dressing;
after dry beneficiation by a concentrator 8, the crude ore ultrafine powder is accurately separated into target ore powder and gangue powder in a suspension state, the gangue powder is taken away by air flow in a system pipeline and collected by a bag type dust collector 9, then enters a bulk machine 11 through a conveying chute 10 arranged below the bag type dust collector 9 for transportation, and air purified by the bag type dust collector 9 is discharged from an exhaust pipe 13 through a system fan 12; the dust concentration in the discharged gas after filtration and separation is less than 10mg/m3(ii) a The enriched target ore powder is discharged from a target ore powder aggregate cone 89 at the lower part of the concentrating machine 8 through an electric air locking discharger 892, and is conveyed, lifted, warehoused and stored for further concentration and use.
In the vertical roller mill 7, the main transmission motor 71 is connected with the main speed reducer 72, the grinding disc 73 is installed on the main speed reducer 72, the material blocking ring 731 is welded on the grinding disc 73, the grinding roller 732 is connected with the rocker arm 733 and is driven by the hydraulic cylinder 734, and the hot air ring 74 is fixed outside the grinding disc and the material blocking ring in a hook manner; the coarse and fine powder separator 75 comprises an air guide device 751, a rotary part 752, a coarse and fine powder separator main shaft 753, a coarse and fine powder separator speed reducer 754 and a coarse and fine powder separator motor 755, the air guide device 751 is welded and fixed on the vertical mill shell 76, and the rotary part 752 is connected with the coarse and fine powder separator speed reducer 754 and the coarse and fine powder separator motor 755 through the coarse and fine powder separator main shaft 753 and drives the rotary part 752 to rotate; the pneumatic double-layer feed back air locking valve 772 and the pneumatic double-layer raw material feed air locking valve 771 are respectively connected to the vertical mill shell 76 through a feed chute 77; an air outlet 78 is welded on the upper part of the vertical mill shell 76, and an upper port of a coarse powder feeder 79 is welded on the side wall of the lower part of the vertical mill shell 76; the hot blast stove 741 is communicated with the hot air ring 74 through a pipeline, and the cold air station 742 is arranged on the pipeline between the hot blast stove 741 and the hot air ring 74;
the specific process of the vertical roller mill 7 for ultrafine grinding is as follows: crushed raw ore with the granularity of 20mm is fed into the middle part of a grinding disc 73 of a vertical roller mill 7 through a pneumatic double-layer raw material air locking valve 771 and a feeding chute 77 communicated with the pneumatic double-layer raw material air locking valve 771, a rocker arm 733 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 734 to enable a grinding roller 732 connected with the rocker arm to extrude materials on the grinding disc 73, the rotary grinding disc and a self-rotating grinding roller extrude the crushed raw ore in a moving way, the crushed raw ore is subjected to three stages of degassing and compacting to form a material layer and ultra-fine grinding in the centrifugal movement process from the middle part of the grinding disc to the edge part of the grinding disc, meanwhile, under the action of the suction force of a 9400Pa high-pressure system fan 12, the raw ore subjected to ultra-fine grinding is taken away by high-speed air flow entering from an air suction port at the lower part of the grinding disc, dust-containing air flow is mixed to enter a coarse-fine powder separator 75 at the upper part, coarse particles fall to the center of the grinding disc 73 through a funnel structure of the air guide device 751, are mixed with other newly-fed raw ores, and participate in a new grinding process;
part of large granular materials which are difficult to grind can not be brought up by hot air at the hot air ring 74, are discharged out of the vertical roller mill 7 through the upper end opening of the coarse powder blanking device 79, are fed into the middle part of the grinding disc 73 of the vertical roller mill 7 through the pneumatic double-layer feed back air locking valve 772 and the feed chute 77 communicated with the pneumatic double-layer feed back air locking valve 772 again after iron removal, and are ground together with new feed; the circulation grinding process can be carried out hundreds of times per minute, and high-efficiency circulation is carried out for many times, so that the grinding efficiency is high, the raw ore can be quickly ground and sorted, the superfine raw ore powder meeting the fineness requirement is timely separated and taken away by the air outlet 78, and the coarse powder falls into the grinding disc for circulation grinding; the particle diameter of the raw ore is unqualified, and the raw ore can not be discharged from an air outlet 78 at the upper end of the vertical roller mill 7, so that the high efficiency of grinding the raw ore and the fineness of the ground raw ore powder are uniform, the particle diameter of 5-30 mu m accounts for 90 percent, and the maximum particle diameter is 40 mu m;
the process production line has two air flows, one is that normal temperature air is provided by the atmospheric space and enters from a cold air station 742; hot air flow for drying the moisture of the raw ore is provided by a hot air furnace 741 and enters from a hot air door; the two are mixed and then enter the vertical roller mill through a hot air ring 74 of the vertical roller mill 7, the temperature can be adjusted through the opening degree of a cold and hot air valve, the air temperature of the mixture entering the vertical roller mill is 220 ℃, and the air speed of the mixture in the vertical roller mill is 18 m/s; the air temperature of the vertical roller mill is reduced to 102 ℃ due to the evaporation of the water of the raw ore.
Referring to fig. 2-6, the concentrator 8 includes a casing 88, a transmission motor 83 and a speed reducer 82, and a gangue powder outlet 85 is provided at an upper portion of the casing 88; a suspension ore dressing chamber 87 is arranged in the middle of the shell 88, and a gangue separator 86 is arranged in the suspension ore dressing chamber 87; an ore collecting cone hopper 89 is arranged at the lower part of the shell 88, an ore-rich fine powder outlet 891 is arranged at the bottom of the ore collecting cone hopper 89, and an electric air-locking discharger 892 is arranged below the ore-rich fine powder outlet 891; the transmission motor 83 is connected with the speed reducer 82 and drives the gangue separator 86 to rotate through the transmission main shaft 84; an air inlet and feed port 81 is arranged in the tangential direction of the side wall of the shell 88 corresponding to the position of the suspension ore dressing chamber 87; the suspension ore dressing chamber 87 comprises three large circular rings 871 with the same size and size, a plurality of steel pipes 872 and a plurality of high-strength wear-resistant steel sheets 873; the circumferential corresponding positions of three large circular rings 871 which are arranged up and down are respectively connected and fixed through a plurality of steel pipes 872 which are penetrated longitudinally, the three large circular rings 871 form an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure at equal intervals through steel pipe support, a plurality of high-strength wear-resistant steel sheets 873 are uniformly and vertically fixed between the circumferential corresponding surfaces of two adjacent large circular rings, and the plurality of high-strength wear-resistant steel sheets 873 are arranged at an included angle of 24 degrees with the circumferential tangential direction of the large circular rings; the three large circular rings 871, the plurality of steel pipes 872 and the plurality of high-strength wear-resistant steel sheets 873 form a tubular body with a louver structure on the side wall; the suspension ore dressing chamber 87 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the middle part of the shell 88 through flanges arranged on the end faces of the upper and lower large circular rings 871; the upper end of the ore aggregate cone 89 is fixedly connected with a flange plate at the lower end of the suspension ore dressing chamber 87; the gangue separator 86 comprises four sheet-shaped circular rings 861, a plurality of steel rods 862, a plurality of angle steels 863, bolts 864, a plurality of strip-shaped blades 865, a hollow circular truncated cone 866, a plurality of connecting supporting bars 867 and three wind-breaking special-shaped steel sheets 868; the circumferential corresponding positions of four sheet-shaped rings 861 arranged up and down are respectively connected and fixed through a plurality of steel rods 862 longitudinally penetrated, the four sheet-shaped rings 861 are supported by the steel rods at equal intervals to form an upper and lower three-layer structure, a plurality of angle steels 863 are respectively and uniformly fixed on the circumferential corresponding surfaces of two adjacent sheet-shaped rings 861, a strip-shaped blade 865 is fixed between a pair of angle steels 863 corresponding to the corresponding surfaces of two adjacent sheet-shaped rings 861 through bolts 864, and the plane of each strip-shaped blade 865 and the sheet-shaped ring where the angle steel 863 connected with the end part is located are arranged to form an included angle of 13 degrees with the normal direction of an angle steel connection point; the outer edge of the lower end of the hollow circular truncated cone 866 is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the flaky ring 861 at the lowest end, two ends of the connecting support bars 867 are respectively fixed on the outer side walls of other layers of flaky rings 861 and the hollow circular truncated cone 866 with the corresponding height, a shaft hole 8661 is formed in the middle of the upper end face of the hollow circular truncated cone 866, and the lower end of the transmission main shaft 84 is fixedly arranged at the shaft hole 8661 in a penetrating manner; three air-breaking special-shaped steel sheets 868 are respectively and uniformly and fixedly connected between the circumferential direction of the inner ring of the upper layer flaky circular ring 861 and the circumferential direction of the outer side wall of the hollow circular truncated cone 866;
the specific separation process of the concentrator 8 is as follows: the airflow carries the raw ore ultra-fine powder (the granularity is less than 40 mu m) to do circular motion in the inner wall of the shell 88 along the tangential direction of the shell 88 through the air inlet and the feed port 81, and the raw ore ultra-fine powder enters the suspension ore dressing chamber to participate in the ore dressing process after being guided by the gaps among the louver type high-strength wear-resistant steel sheets 873 of the suspension ore dressing chamber 87; the transmission motor 83 drives the speed reducer 82 and the transmission main shaft 84 to rotate, the gangue separator 86 is driven to rotate, when the gangue separator 86 rotates at a certain rotating speed, annular rotating airflow which takes the gangue separator 86 as the center is formed in the suspension ore dressing chamber 87, at the moment, one side of noble metal particles with high specific gravity in the ore powder particles does circular motion along with rotational flow and does downward sedimentation motion under the action of gravity, and gangue powder with low specific gravity in the ore powder particles is pumped by the system fan 12, moves to the gaps of the strip-shaped blades 865 of the gangue separator 86, enters the gangue separator 86, is pumped out from an opening above the gangue separator 86 under the action of the induced draft fan and the negative pressure of airflow, enters the upper part of the shell 88 and is discharged through a gangue powder outlet; because the specific gravity of the precious metal particles in the rotating airflow is far larger than that of the gangue particles (10-20 times), under the action of the rotational flow, the retention time of the ore powder particles in the suspension beneficiation chamber 87 is greatly prolonged, and the downward settlement displacement of the precious metal particles with large specific gravity is far larger than that of the gangue powder particles along with the lapse of the rotation time; the gangue powder particles in the same time and space are drawn by the draft of a system draught fan to enter the gaps of the gangue separator 86, and the displacement of the gangue powder particles is far larger than that of the noble metal particles; therefore, the noble metal particles rotate while descending, and separate from the air flow center of the suction force of a draught fan of the system to move downwards in a settling manner; the gangue powder particles enter the gangue separator 86 along with the system fan airflow and are carried out from the gangue powder outlet 85.
The ore-enriched fine powder containing the precious metal particles is settled and collected into an ore aggregate cone 89, and then is discharged through an ore-enriched fine powder outlet 891 and an electric air-locking discharger 892, and the precious metal-containing particles with large specific gravity are separated from the gangue powder with small specific gravity through the processes, so that the purpose of dry ore dressing is achieved.
The air speed in the concentrating machine 8 is 15m/s, the temperature is 110 ℃, and the pressure drop is 2500 Pa; the temperature in the bag-type dust collector 9 is 85 ℃, the pressure drop is 1500Pa, and the filtering wind speed is 0.8 m/min.
The linear speed of the gangue separator 86 of the concentrator 8 is controlled in the range of 10 m/s.
The wind pressure control range of the system fan 12 is 9400 Pa.
The wind speed of the system pipes is 21 m/s.
Conversion parameter of system air volume and processed ore powder volumeThe number is as follows: the concentration of the mineral powder carried by each cubic volume of air is as follows: 265g/m3Air.
Comparison of economic indexes of large-scale dry-method natural gold enrichment ore dressing process and wet-method medicament zinc powder replacement process
Comparison of production technical indexes of large-scale dry-method natural gold enrichment ore dressing process and wet-method medicament zinc powder displacement process
After production tests are carried out on the raw ore of a certain gold mine of Jilin Pipi Gou, the raw ore of a certain gold mine of Yumen in Gansu, Shaanxi Tongguan gold tailings and the like, the enrichment result is detected and tested, and the data are as follows:
from the test data for the Jilin Pipi ditch, it can be seen that: the grade of gold in the raw ore is very low and is only 1.24g/t, and after the enrichment by the process and the concentrating machine disclosed by the invention, the gold grade of the gold fine powder is improved to 23.6g/t, the tailing discarding rate is only 0.15g/t, and the enrichment rate is up to 19 times; a foundation is laid for subsequent flotation or fine selection, the mineral separation efficiency is improved, and the consumption of water and reagents is reduced; saves resources and reduces environmental pollution.
While the invention has been particularly shown as described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A large-scale dry-method enrichment mineral separation energy-saving environment-friendly process for quartz vein noble metal ores is characterized by comprising the following steps: raw ore is fed into a receiving hopper (2) through a forklift (1) and enters a jaw crusher (3) and a cone crusher (4) to be crushed, crushed raw ore reaching 5-30 mm after being crushed is metered through a belt type metering scale (5) and then is fed into a vertical roller mill (7) through an inclined belt conveyor (6) to be subjected to superfine grinding, the ground raw ore superfine powder is carried by air flow to enter a coarse-fine powder separator (75) at the upper part of the vertical roller mill to be subjected to coarse-fine powder separation, the raw ore coarse powder falls into a vertical roller mill to be continuously ground, and the separated raw ore superfine powder is carried by air flow through a system pipeline to enter a concentrating machine (8) to be subjected to dry-method mineral separation; after passing through a concentrating machine (8), the ultrafine powder of the raw ore is accurately separated in a suspension state, the ultrafine gangue powder is taken away by airflow, collected by a bag type dust collector (9) and then enters a bulk machine (11) through a conveying chute (10) to be transported away, and the purified air is communicated with a system fan (12) through a system pipeline and is discharged from an exhaust pipe (13); and (3) discharging the enriched target ore powder from a target ore powder aggregate cone hopper (89) at the lower part of the concentrating machine (8) through an electric air locking discharger (892), conveying, lifting, warehousing and storing for next selection and use.
2. The large-scale dry-method enrichment mineral separation energy-saving environment-friendly process for the quartz-vein noble metal ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the air speed in the concentrating machine (8) is 10 m/s-20 m/s, the temperature is 100-120 ℃, and the pressure drop is 2500 Pa; the temperature in the bag type dust collector (9) is 80-90 ℃, the pressure drop is 1500Pa, and the filtering wind speed is 0.8 m/min.
3. The large-scale dry-method enrichment mineral separation energy-saving environment-friendly process for the quartz-vein noble metal ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the process of dry beneficiation of the concentrating machine (8) is that firstly, the airflow carries the ultrafine powder of the raw ore to enter a suspension beneficiation chamber (87) through an air inlet and an air outlet (81) to participate in the beneficiation process, a transmission motor (83) drives a speed reducer (82) and a transmission main shaft (84) to rotate, and a gangue separator (86) is driven to accurately separate the target ore powder and the gangue powder in the suspension beneficiation chamber (87); wherein the gangue powder is carried out by the airflow through a gangue powder outlet (85); the enriched target ore powder is discharged from a target ore powder aggregate cone hopper (89) through an electric air-locking discharger (892) under the action of gravity, so that the purpose of separating the target ore powder from gangue powder is achieved.
4. The large-scale dry-method enrichment mineral separation energy-saving environment-friendly process for the quartz-vein noble metal ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the process production line has two air flow sources, one is that normal temperature air is provided by an atmospheric space and enters from a cold air station (742); hot air flow for drying the moisture of the raw ore is provided by a hot air furnace (741) and enters from a hot air door; the two are mixed and then enter a mill through a vertical roller mill (7), the temperature can be adjusted through the opening of a cold and hot air valve, the temperature of air entering the mill is 150-300 ℃, and the air speed in the mill is 15-20 m/s; the temperature of the mill outlet air is reduced to about 100 ℃ due to the evaporation of the water of the raw ore.
5. The large-scale dry-method enrichment mineral separation energy-saving environment-friendly process for the quartz-vein noble metal ore according to claim 3, characterized in that: the linear speed control range of the gangue separator (86) of the concentrating machine (8) is 8 m/s-12 m/s.
6. The large-scale dry-method enrichment mineral separation energy-saving environment-friendly process for the quartz-vein noble metal ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the wind pressure control range of the system fan (12) is 8900 Pa-9900 Pa.
7. The large-scale dry-method enrichment mineral separation energy-saving environment-friendly process for the quartz-vein noble metal ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the wind speed of the system pipeline is 18 m/s-24 m/s.
8. The large-scale dry-method enrichment mineral separation energy-saving environment-friendly process for the quartz-vein noble metal ore according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the conversion parameters of the system air volume and the processed ore powder volume are as follows: the concentration of the mineral powder carried by each cubic volume of air is as follows: 150g/m3～380g/m3Air.
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