CN111616013A - Cultivation method for high-yield and high-quality peanuts in sandy land - Google Patents
Cultivation method for high-yield and high-quality peanuts in sandy land Download PDFInfo
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- CN111616013A CN111616013A CN202010621697.XA CN202010621697A CN111616013A CN 111616013 A CN111616013 A CN 111616013A CN 202010621697 A CN202010621697 A CN 202010621697A CN 111616013 A CN111616013 A CN 111616013A
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- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetochlor Chemical compound CCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1CC VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YLGXILFCIXHCMC-JHGZEJCSSA-N methyl cellulose Chemical compound COC1C(OC)C(OC)C(COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1C(OC)C(OC)C(OC)OC1COC YLGXILFCIXHCMC-JHGZEJCSSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XWIYFDMXXLINPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aflatoxin G Chemical compound O=C1OCCC2=C1C(=O)OC1=C2C(OC)=CC2=C1C1C=COC1O2 XWIYFDMXXLINPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004181 pedogenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N phoxim Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)O\N=C(\C#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001664 phoxim Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012950 rattan cane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of high-yield and high-quality peanuts in sandy land, which comprises the following steps: s1. treating sand with organic substances with adhesive property and adhesion, and applying base fertilizer; s2, flattening and reasonably compacting the land and covering the land with a mulching film; s3. sowing in proper time and reasonably close planting by intercropping peanut and corn; s4. perforating the mulching film and cleaning the seedling; s5. spraying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers to the outside of the roots; s6. controlling main stem growth to prevent lodging; s7. preventing diseases and protecting leaves in the middle and late growth period of peanut; s8. harvesting at proper time, returning corn stalk directly to field; the method solves the problem of serious soil wind erosion in the production of the peanuts in the sandy land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of peanut cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality peanuts in a sandy land.
Background
Peanuts, the original name peanuts, are nuts which are abundant in yield and widely eaten in China, and are also called 'growing fruits', 'mud beans' and the like. The plant belongs to Rosales, Leguminosae annual herbaceous plant, stem is upright or creeping, length is 30-80 cm, petal is separated from keel, pod is 2-5 cm long and 1-1.3 cm wide, swelling and thick, and flower and fruit period is 6-8 months, and the plant is mainly distributed in Brazil, China, Egypt, etc., and can be used as raw material for preparing soap, hair tonic, etc.; the wind erosion phenomenon is easily caused when the peanuts are planted under the ecological condition, and the enlargement of the peanut area and the improvement of the yield and the quality are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of peanuts with high yield and high quality in sandy land, and solves the problem of serious soil wind erosion in the production of peanuts in sandy land.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method of high-yield and high-quality peanuts in a sandy land comprises the following steps:
s1. treating sand with organic substances with adhesive property and adhesion, and applying base fertilizer;
s2, flattening and reasonably compacting the land and covering the land with a mulching film;
s3. sowing in proper time and reasonably close planting by intercropping peanut and corn;
s4. perforating the mulching film and cleaning the seedling;
s5. spraying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers to the outside of the roots;
s6. controlling main stem growth to prevent lodging;
s7. preventing diseases and protecting leaves in the middle and late growth period of peanut;
s8. harvesting the corn stalks at proper time and returning the corn stalks to the field directly.
Further, step s1 includes:
s11, sprinkling water on the surface of the sand to be treated to wet the surface layer of the sand with a certain depth;
s12, spreading solid organic substances capable of being dissolved in water on the wetted surface layer of the sand; the solid organic substance component comprises one or a mixture or a copolymer of two or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and cellulose ether; the weight ratio of the solid organic substance to the sand body to be modified is 1;
and S13, stirring the sand surface layer which is wetted and spread with the solid organic substances in a running mode by the rotary cultivator.
Further, in step s2, selecting a common mulching film with the thickness of 0.05-0.08 mm for covering or adopting a liquid mulching film for covering, before covering, using 75ml of 50% acetochlor missible oil per mu, adding 100-150 kg of water, uniformly spraying the ridge surface and the two sides of the ridge, and after covering the film, spraying the bottom of the ridge; when ridging is carried out, the ridge direction is perpendicular to the wind direction.
Further, in step s3, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the sowing period is 4 months and 25-30 days.
Further, in step s4, after the seedlings are drawn out of the film, the film opening is sealed with a thin upper cover at the opening.
Further, in step s5, during topdressing, 1% urea solution, 2% -4% calcium superphosphate solution and O.1% borax solution are sprayed every 7-10 days for 2-3 times.
Further, in step s6, after harvesting, returning corn straws to the field directly, wherein the returning amount per mu is 300-400kg, 1kg of nitrogen is added per 100kg of straws when the straws are turned over, and phosphate fertilizer is added to the phosphorus-deficient farmland.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
A method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality peanuts in a sandy land comprises the following steps:
s1. the method comprises treating sandy land with organic substances with adhesive and cohesive properties, and applying base fertilizer
S11, sprinkling water on the surface of the sand to be treated to wet the surface layer of the sand with a certain depth;
s12, spreading solid organic substances capable of being dissolved in water on the wetted surface layer of the sand;
s13, stirring the sand surface layer which is wetted and spread with the solid organic substance, spreading an organic substance solution with adhesive property and adhesiveness to the sand to be modified by a manual or mechanical device, or spreading water and the solid organic substance on the sand surface to be modified in any order, finally uniformly stirring the sand which is spread with the organic substance solution or the solid organic substance and the water by using any stirring device, so that the sand on the sand surface layer is modified into the modified sand body disclosed in the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN103348831A, the solution with adhesive property and adhesiveness can adhere the sand particles after being mixed with the sand, the formed modified sand body has a particle pore structure, the water in the solution with adhesive property and adhesiveness can adhere between the sand particles along with the solution, and the water in the solution with adhesive property and adhesiveness can be dissolved in the water again after being evaporated, wherein the solid organic substance capable of dissolving in the water can adhere the sand particles and can be dissolved in the water again after being mixed with the water Forming a solution with cohesiveness and adhesiveness to adhere sand grains, wherein the weight ratio of water-soluble solid organic substances to sand bodies in the solution with cohesiveness and adhesiveness is 1:30-8000 after water in the solution is evaporated, and the sand bodies in the treated sand land have the characteristics similar to soil, for example, in terms of stability, the soil grains have certain binding force and can change the grain arrangement when wet, so that the soil in wet state has visco-elastic-plastic properties to a certain extent; the nodes among the dry soil particles are restrained, and the arrangement among the particles is fixed by the restraining force, so that the dry soil has certain solid properties, and the treated sand body has the mechanical stability no matter the soil is wet or dry; from the aspects of water retention and nutrient storage performance, moisture, nutrients and air can be stored among soil particles, moisture can be absorbed after the moisture is evaporated, and the treated sand body of the sand has the characteristics of water retention and storage and nutrient storage; in addition, the treatment method can be directly implemented on the sand to be treated without a container for mixing sand bodies, and the process of stirring the surface layer of the sand can be simultaneously used as the process of cultivating the surface layer of the sandy soil subjected to soil formation, so that the subsequent sowing operation of the treated sand is facilitated, and solid conditions are provided for the growth of plants.
In this embodiment, go on the sand top layer with the mode of marcing through the rotary cultivator the stirring, the rotary cultivator utilizes the rotation of rotary tillage blade to stir the sand body of sand that needs were administered, makes sand body and water and organic substance fully homogenize, in addition, utilizes the rotary cultivator to stir sand as agitating unit, makes the modification and have the sand after the soil ization and obtain abundant farming, and subsequent seeder operation of being convenient for provides good seedbed for the later stage seeding.
In this embodiment, after the fertilizer is added to the organic substance solution or the solid organic substance, the organic substance solution or the solid organic substance mixed with the fertilizer is spread on the surface of the sand, and this fertilization mode allows the fertilization and the spreading of the modifier to be performed simultaneously, thereby greatly simplifying the sand modification process and enabling the fertilization operation to be performed on the modified sand without using a fertilizer applicator.
In this embodiment, the organic substance in the solid organic substance or the organic substance solution includes one or a mixture of two or more of natural polymer and modified substance thereof and synthetic polymer substance, such as: one or a mixture or copolymer of two or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and cellulose ether; solid substances which are low in cost and play a desired role are mainly used; the solid organic substance soluble in water is not limited to the above listed solid substances, and any solid substance having the same or similar properties to the listed solid substances can achieve the object, provided that the finally formed solution has cohesiveness and adhesiveness, and the solid substance has thickening properties and water solubility in water.
In this embodiment, the weight ratio between the solid organic substance and the sand body to be modified is 1: 30-8000; according to different material properties, the variety and the mixing amount of the substances in the solution with cohesiveness and adhesiveness added into the sand can be selected in a large range, and when the weight ratio of the added substances to the modified sand body after water evaporation is in the range of 1:30-8000, the modified sand body expected based on different modification purpose requirements can be obtained.
In this embodiment, one or a mixture of two or more of organic polymer auxiliary agents, small molecule auxiliary agents, surfactants, inorganic active powder or powder substances, solid substances, and PH adjusting substances are added to the organic substance solution or solid organic substance, and alkyl quaternary ammonium salts, betaine surfactants, and amino acid surfactants are selected in this embodiment to improve or adjust the cohesiveness, adhesiveness, viscosity, leveling property, dispersibility, water solubility, water absorbability, foamability, defoaming property, or/and workability of the solution in the modified sand body; the embodiment selects bentonite and white carbon black to improve or adjust the gradation of the modified sand body or the water absorption, water retention and toughening performance of the modified sand body; the results obtained are better soil properties than without these substances; some flexible fibers, fabrics, rattans, film strips, sheets and the like are also added to improve or adjust the stability, crack resistance or toughness of the modified sand body.
In this embodiment, the organic substance component in the solid organic substance or the organic substance solution is one or a mixture or a copolymer of two or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and cellulose ether.
S2, land leveling, reasonable pressing and mulching film covering
The exposed peanut field is properly pressed, and the water and soil conservation effect is remarkable. In the measurement of the soil moisture content, the press strength is 70.26kg/cm2Greater than 50.12kg/cm of compacting strength2The soil compaction can increase the aggregation force of soil particles and reduce the soil wind erosion, and the compaction strength is 70.26/cm in the soil wind erosion measurement2The wind erosion amount of the steel is less than 50.12kg/cm of the rolling strength2And the difference is significant. Different compacting strengths affect the surface roughness, and the compacting degree is 50.12kg/cm2Has a surface roughness of 1.44cm and a rolling strength of 70.26kg/cm2The surface roughness was 1.51cm, and the surface roughness of bare peanuts without any treatment was 0.94 cm. Indicating that the surface roughness is directly proportional to the wind erosion resistance. One of the effective measures for preventing wind erosion is to reasonably perform mechanical pressing before peanut seeding. After the peanuts are subjected to wind erosion, the seeds are exposed to the earth surface, the growing points of peanut plants after emergence of seedlings are well preserved, and the peanut plants can be protected from restoring growth by loosening the soil and pressing.
Selecting a mulching film with the thickness of 0.05-0.08 mm, and the using amount per mu of the mulching film is about 3.5 kg. Ridging and planting, wherein the height of each ridge is 110cm, and the width of each ridge surface is 55 cm. Or the liquid mulching film is adopted, the liquid mulching film is different from the traditional measures as a novel wind erosion prevention measure, the effect is obvious, the liquid mulching film has the effect of fixing soil bad, and the liquid mulching film is sprayed on the surface of the exposed peanut ground after sowing, so that the water retention effect is obvious.
Before film covering, 75ml of 50% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate is used per mu, 100-150 kg of water is added, ridge surfaces and two sides of ridges are uniformly sprayed, and after film covering, the bottoms of the ridges and the furrows are sprayed.
The anti-transpirant is applied, the water is the main component of the crop, but 99% of the water absorbed by the root system returns to the atmosphere through transpiration, and only 1% is used for forming the cell substance of the crop. In agriculture, ground irrigation is adopted to increase water absorption, and an antitranspirant can be adopted to inhibit transpiration, so that the soil water loss can be reduced by 40%.
When ridging is carried out, the ridge surface is required to be smooth, if watering is carried out when the moisture is insufficient, sufficient watering is carried out at one time, and thorough watering is carried out uniformly. Harrowing after ridging, slightly pressing and timely mulching; the ridge direction selection plays an important role in preventing the wind erosion of the peanuts, generally speaking, the ridge direction is parallel to the wind direction, the soil movement amount is large, and the wind erosion harm is serious; the ridge direction is perpendicular to the wind direction, the soil movement amount is reduced, and the wind erosion harm is light.
s3. reasonable and dense planting of peanut and corn in suitable time
The peanut and corn intercropping mode is adopted for seeding, and soil moisture content must be sufficient when the peanuts are sown by spring sowing and plastic film mulching cultivation. The sowing depth is preferably 3-4 cm. The density is determined according to the soil fertility and the variety, the box surface is smooth after sowing and is convenient for covering the film, and the sowing period is generally 25-30 days in 4 months.
Peanuts belong to leguminous crops, the main root penetration depth can reach more than 1m, the deepest depth can reach about 2m, and the peanuts can absorb the moisture and nutrients of a substrate layer. The lateral roots and a plurality of roots are mainly distributed in a 30cm soil layer and are mutually staggered with the corn root systems. As the root system of the peanut has more root nodules and can fix nitrogen in the air, besides the requirement of supplying the peanut itself, part of the root system can be used for absorbing electricity by the corn, and the peanut and the corn are planted alternately, and as the plant height, the root system depth and the requirements on sunlight and nutrients are different, the light energy and the soil fertility can be fully utilized. The corn needs more light due to the tall plant, the space between the rows in the early stage of growth is large, the leaf areas of the middle layer and the upper layer are large in the middle and later stages of growth, and the lower layer space is the growth and development of the peanut which is more resistant to yin, so that the land fertility and the light energy can be fully utilized. Due to different natural disaster resistance, such as strong drought resistance of corn in dry weather, higher yield can be obtained; the peanut has weak early resistance, but can increase the yield of the peanut obviously compared with the peanut produced by single crop due to the shading of the corn.
s4. cleaning seedling by breaking hole
Peanuts can continuously emerge after sowing for 10-15 days, seedlings are guided out of the film when cotyledons are unearthed and opened or cotyledons are unearthed but true leaves are visible, then the film opening is tightly sealed by a thin film at the opening, the seedlings are not required to be placed too late when the opening is opened, and particularly, the seedlings are prevented from being burnt at high temperature in the film when sunlight intensity is required. After the plants have green leaves, the seedlings are released in the morning or evening.
s5. topdressing
Is absorbed by peanutThe four elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium have larger amounts, are very sensitive to the medium and trace elements such as calcium, boron and the like, and the demand for various nutrients is sharply increased particularly in the period of flowering. The nitrogen-fixing ability of the root nodule is enhanced, and during the period, if the root spray N, P is adopted2O5And the measures of CaO, B and the like have obvious yield increasing effect. Spraying amount: n, 1% urea solution is used; p2O5And CaO, spraying 2-4% of calcium superphosphate solution once every 7-10 days, continuously spraying for 2-3 times, and spraying 75-100 kg of solution once per mu: spraying boron, and spraying 50 kg/mu of borax solution with O.1 percent.
s6. preventing lodging by controlling spindling
The film-coated peanut high-yield field has the advantages of rapid growth and development in the early stage, vigorous growth in the middle stage and easy excessive growth in the pod bearing initial stage. When the height of the main stem reaches 35-40 cm, 20-30 g of 15% paclobutrazol is used per mu, and 25-40 kg of water is added to be uniformly sprayed on the upper leaves of the peanuts.
s7. leaf protecting and disease preventing effects in middle and late growth period
For leaf spot and rust, 1500 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 500-600 times of green emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed on leaves with spraying time of 7-10 days for 1 time and continuously spraying time for 2-3 times. For cotton bollworm, aphid, grub and other insect pests, the early treatment should be small, and the harm should be reduced. The emulsified oil (200 m 1/mu) is diluted with water and mixed with 1kg fine sand soil, and applied to the soil in the furrow. In severe cases, root irrigation is carried out by 300 times of phoxim missible oil in the pod bearing period; when the bollworm and aphid reach the prevention and cure index, the pesticide of Baoden, pesticide overlord, imidacloprid, etc. is sprayed in time to prevent and cure. In the later growth period of peanuts, 50-75 g of urea, 50g of monopotassium phosphate, 50g of zinc sulfate and 50kg of water are uniformly sprayed on the leaf surface per mu, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 7-10 days for 2-3 times in total, so that the functional period of the leaf is prolonged.
s8. harvesting at proper time, and returning the corn stalks to the field
The peanut maturity is marked by the fact that the upper part of the plant has several green leaves, the middle leaves turn yellow, the lower leaves fall off, the pod reticulate pattern is clear, and the seed coat is pink. In the same variety, the ground film peanuts can be ripe 7-10 days in advance and are generally harvested at the beginning of 9 months. And the aflatoxin is controlled to be polluted by drying in the sun in time after harvesting.
In the embodiment, an intercropping mode of peanuts and corns is adopted, corn straws can be directly returned to the field in autumn, the returning amount per mu is 300-. 6.5-8.7 kg of urea is applied per mu in a conversion mode, 5.0-7.5kg of diammonium phosphate and 8.0-12.2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate are applied in proper amount, and the spraying irrigation is carried out before or after spring sowing, preferably 50-60% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is kept, or peanut cakes, stems and leaves and corn straws are used for raising livestock, and the livestock is returned to the field after passing through the abdomen, so that the soil fertility is improved.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method of high-yield and high-quality peanuts in a sand land is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1. treating sand with organic substances with adhesive property and adhesion, and applying base fertilizer;
s2, flattening and reasonably compacting the land and covering the land with a mulching film;
s3. sowing in proper time and reasonably close planting by intercropping peanut and corn;
s4. perforating the mulching film and cleaning the seedling;
s5. spraying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers to the outside of the roots;
s6. controlling main stem growth to prevent lodging;
s7. preventing diseases and protecting leaves in the middle and late growth period of peanut;
s8. harvesting the corn stalks at proper time and returning the corn stalks to the field directly.
2. The method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step s1 includes:
s11, sprinkling water on the surface of the sand to be treated to wet the surface layer of the sand with a certain depth;
s12, spreading solid organic substances capable of being dissolved in water on the wetted surface layer of the sand; the solid organic substance component comprises one or a mixture or a copolymer of two or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene, polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and cellulose ether; the weight ratio of the solid organic substance to the sand body to be modified is 1;
and S13, stirring the sand surface layer which is wetted and spread with the solid organic substances in a running mode by the rotary cultivator.
3. The method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step s2, selecting a common mulching film with the thickness of 0.05-0.08 mm for covering or adopting a liquid mulching film for covering, before covering, uniformly spraying 75ml of 50% acetochlor missible oil and 100-150 kg of water on ridge surfaces and two sides of ridges per mu, and after covering the film, spraying the bottoms of the ridges and the furrows; when ridging is carried out, the ridge direction is perpendicular to the wind direction.
4. The method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step s3, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the sowing period is 4 months and 25-30 days.
5. The method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step s4, after the seedlings are drawn out of the film, the film opening is sealed by a thin upper seal at the opening.
6. The method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step s5, during topdressing, 1% urea solution, 2% -4% calcium superphosphate solution and O.1% borax solution are sprayed every 7-10 days for 2-3 times.
7. The method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step s6, after harvesting, returning corn straws to the field directly, wherein the returning amount per mu is 300-400kg, 1kg of nitrogen is added to each 100kg of straws when the straws are turned over, and phosphate fertilizer is added to the phosphorus-deficient farmland.
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Application publication date: 20200904 |