CN111614139B - Lithium battery equalization method adopting bipolar pulse charging and discharging and implementation system thereof - Google Patents
Lithium battery equalization method adopting bipolar pulse charging and discharging and implementation system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010278 pulse charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium battery equalization method adopting bipolar pulse charging and discharging and an implementation system thereof, wherein the equalization method comprises the following steps: the bipolar pulse is composed of positive pulses and negative pulses with different duty ratios; the battery is charged with constant current through positive pulses, and is discharged with constant current through negative pulses; because the period, amplitude and duty ratio of each positive pulse and each negative pulse of the bipolar pulse are different in different pulse periods, the duty ratio is adjusted according to actual requirements so as to realize depolarization; the method reduces the influence of polarization, enables the battery to be closer to a real state, and can better realize the balance of the battery; the influence of ohmic resistance and polarization resistance is reduced, the effective balance of the battery can be realized, and the capacity of the battery can be utilized to the maximum extent; the method can effectively reduce the influence of polarization on the battery while completing the battery balance, and prolong the service life of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium battery equalization method adopting bipolar pulse charging and discharging and an implementation system thereof.
Background
The lithium batteries are inconsistent due to the differences of the production process, grouping, operation conditions, application environments and the like of the lithium batteries; meanwhile, the battery pack adopts a plurality of grouping modes such as series connection, parallel connection, series-parallel connection and the like, and the different grouping modes have different influences on the inconsistency of the battery pack; the inconsistency of the battery pack can seriously affect the capacity, the service life, the safety and other aspects of the battery pack; in practical application, the production process of the battery cannot be changed to cause inconsistency, and after the batteries are grouped, the inconsistency of the batteries is generally controlled by balancing. The single battery can be divided into two categories of passive equalization and active equalization according to the flow and conversion form of energy in the equalization process by a lithium battery pack formed by connecting the single battery in series according to the equalization strategy of each battery. The typical representation of the passive equalization strategy is a resistance shunt equalization strategy, and the equalization process is to convert the energy in the single lithium battery with higher energy in the series lithium battery pack into heat energy through resistance, so as to finally realize the consistency of the energy of each single storage battery in the series lithium battery pack. The method dissipates a certain amount of battery energy during the equalization process, and is therefore less used now. The active balance adopts an energy transfer mode, the monomer energy is transferred to the monomer energy with low energy, or the whole group of energy is supplemented to the monomer lowest battery, and the monomer energy can be released to the battery pack with high energy, so that the balance efficiency is high.
The polarization phenomenon can penetrate through the whole charging and discharging process of the lithium battery, and the negative influence brought to the battery by the polarization phenomenon can even change the performance of the battery, weaken the bearing capacity of the battery to large current and reduce the charging rate and efficiency of the battery; the polarization phenomenon can cause the battery to generate heat, the temperature of the battery is quickly raised, and then the internal structure of the battery is influenced, so that the electric energy performance is reduced; the polarization phenomenon can cause irreparable influence on the cycle life of the battery and influence the service life of the battery; the equalization of the battery can be controlled and carried out at any time according to needs, the existing active equalization charging modes are various, the common modes comprise constant current charging, constant voltage charging, charging combining constant current and constant voltage and the like, and the charging modes can increase the polarization of the battery; there is also an equalization method using pulse charging, after pulse charging is finished, the battery will stop charging properly, this way can eliminate polarization phenomenon, but depolarization effect is limited, so the existing equalization method has a weak effect of reducing battery polarization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a lithium battery equalization method adopting bipolar pulse charging and discharging and an implementation system thereof, which are used for realizing the equalization of each battery, reducing the polarization of the battery while realizing the equalization of the battery and realizing the maximum utilization of the serial capacity of a battery pack.
The lithium battery equalization method adopting bipolar pulse charging and discharging comprises the following steps,
firstly, a bipolar pulse is composed of a positive pulse and a negative pulse with different duty ratios;
secondly, charging the battery at constant current through positive pulses, and discharging the battery at constant current through negative pulses;
and thirdly, adjusting the duty ratio according to the difference of the period, the amplitude and the duty ratio of each positive pulse and each negative pulse of the bipolar pulse in different pulse periods and the actual requirement so as to realize depolarization.
In the above scheme, preferably, in the third step, the depolarized equalizing charge current is the maximum value of the equalizing power supply, the single battery is charged with constant current by using the battery module, the charge current is I1, the charge time is Δ t1, then the single battery is reversely discharged to the battery module by using the current I1 with the same amplitude, the reverse discharge time is Δ t2, and the polarization of the battery during equalizing charge can be eliminated by using the reverse pulse.
It is also preferable that, in the third step, the determination of the charging time Δ t1 and the discharging time Δ t2 is as follows:
step one, adopting a first-order equivalent model of the battery, wherein an ideal voltage source UOC in the model represents the open-circuit voltage of the battery and is embodied as the direct current bias inside the battery; the resistor RO is the ohmic internal resistance of the lithium battery, the resistor RP and the capacitor CP which are connected in parallel describe the polarization link of the battery, and UO is the terminal voltage of the lithium battery; the voltage drop across the resistor RP and the capacitor CP is recorded as UP as the polarization voltage; when the system normally operates, the input signal of the battery is current I, the output signal is output voltage U of the storage battery, and the output voltage U can be obtained by a lithium battery equivalent model: UO ═ UR + UP + UOC;
judging the charging time of the battery by adopting the polarization voltage value;
step three, calculating the ohmic resistance of the battery; the charging ohmic resistance and the discharging ohmic resistance are denoted as RCHAR and RDISCHAR, respectively; when current I flows through the battery, the voltage drop across the ohmic resistance during charging and discharging is calculated: UR _ CHAR ═ I × RCHAR and UR _ discor ═ I × RDISCHAR;
step four, according to the corresponding relation between the SOC and the OCV, the open-circuit voltage OCV of the battery is obtained by utilizing the SOC of the battery, the terminal voltage UO is obtained through actual test, and then the voltage drop on the resistor RP and the capacitor CP is calculated, namely the polarization voltage drop of the battery is as follows: UP ═ UO-UR-UOC;
step five, during charging, the battery polarization voltage UP is equal to UO-UR-UOC, when UP is larger than UTHD, charging equalization is stopped, the time is used as the cut-off time delta t1 of charging, and discharging is carried out at the time;
step six, during discharging, the battery polarization voltage UP is equal to UOC-UO-UR, when UP is less than UTHD, the battery polarization is considered to be eliminated, and the time is taken as the cut-off time delta t2 of discharging; so far, one charge-discharge pulse period is completed.
It is also preferable that in step three of the third step, the ohmic resistance of the battery is calculated using bipolar pulses.
It may also be preferable that, in step five of the third steps, the voltage threshold UTHD is set to 10mV or 25 mV.
Preferably, in the fourth step of the third step, the SOC of the battery is used as a balancing reference to balance the battery.
It may also be preferable that, in the fourth step in the third step, when the SOC difference between the batteries is larger than the set threshold value, the pulse charging and discharging is performed at least twice until the SOC difference between the batteries meets the requirement.
It is also preferable that, in step four of the third step, T1 and T2 are not equal, and the pulse current amplitudes I1 and I2 are not equal.
The invention relates to an implementation system of a lithium battery equalization method adopting bipolar pulse charging and discharging, which comprises the following steps:
the bipolar pulse module is used for forming bipolar pulses by adopting positive pulses and negative pulses with different duty ratios, charging the battery at constant current through the positive pulses and discharging the battery at constant current through the negative pulses;
and the duty ratio adjusting module and the depolarization module are used for adjusting the duty ratio according to the difference of the period, the amplitude and the duty ratio of each positive pulse and each negative pulse of the bipolar pulse in different pulse periods and the actual requirement so as to realize depolarization.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional method for balancing the battery by constant current charging, the balancing method is simple and easy to implement, but the battery is easy to polarize during balancing, and complete and effective balancing of the battery is difficult to implement; the traditional battery equalization judgment adopts the battery terminal voltage, and the equalization is stopped when the terminal voltage meets the conditions, but the terminal voltage is used as the battery equalization judgment due to the influence of ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance, and the effective equalization is not realized; the implementation system of the invention adopts the polarization voltage to calculate the positive pulse charging time and the negative pulse discharging time during the double-pulse charging and discharging, when the polarization voltage is higher than a set value, the charging is stopped, and when the polarization voltage is smaller than the set value, the discharging is stopped.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of bipolar pulses of a lithium battery equalization method using bipolar pulse charging and discharging according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first-order equivalent model of a battery of the lithium battery equalization method using bipolar pulse charging and discharging according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a lithium battery equalization method using bipolar pulse charging and discharging according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
Example 1
A lithium battery equalization method using bipolar pulse charging and discharging, referring to fig. 1 to 3, comprising the following steps,
firstly, a bipolar pulse is composed of a positive pulse and a negative pulse with different duty ratios;
secondly, charging the battery at constant current through positive pulses, and discharging the battery at constant current through negative pulses;
and thirdly, because the period, the amplitude and the duty ratio of each positive pulse and each negative pulse of the bipolar pulse are different in different pulse periods, the duty ratio is adjusted according to actual requirements so as to realize depolarization.
Example 2
The method for balancing a lithium battery using bipolar pulse charging and discharging in embodiment 1 may further specifically include the following steps,
firstly, a bipolar pulse is composed of a positive pulse and a negative pulse with different duty ratios;
secondly, as shown in fig. 1, the battery is charged with constant current through positive pulses, and is discharged with constant current through negative pulses;
thirdly, because the period, the amplitude and the duty ratio of each positive pulse and each negative pulse of the bipolar pulse are different in different pulse periods, the duty ratio is adjusted according to actual requirements so as to realize depolarization;
in order to achieve rapid equalization and effective depolarization of bipolar pulses in one period, equalizing charge current adopts the maximum value of an equalizing power supply, a battery module is adopted to charge a single battery at constant current, the charge current is I1, the charge time is delta t1, then, the single battery is reversely discharged to the battery module by adopting current I1 with the same amplitude, the reverse discharge time is delta t2, and battery polarization during equalizing charge can be eliminated by utilizing reverse pulses;
determination method of charging time Δ t1 and discharging time Δ t 2: the method specifically comprises the following steps of,
step one, a first-order equivalent model of the battery is adopted, the charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery is complex, the variables listed in the equivalent model are influenced by a plurality of factors, fig. 2 is an equivalent simplified model of the lithium battery, and an ideal voltage source UOC in the model represents the open-circuit voltage of the battery and is reflected as the direct current bias inside the battery; the resistor RO is the ohmic internal resistance of the lithium battery, the resistor RP and the capacitor CP which are connected in parallel describe the polarization link of the battery, and the UO is the terminal voltage of the lithium battery. The voltage drop across the resistor RP and the capacitor CP is recorded as UP as the polarization voltage; when the system normally operates, the input signal of the battery is current I, the output signal is output voltage U of the storage battery, and the output voltage U can be obtained by a lithium battery equivalent model: UO ═ UR + UP + UOC;
step two, the ohmic internal resistance of the battery is changed along with the long-term attenuation of the battery, the change is very small in a short period, and the ohmic internal resistance cannot be removed, so that the battery is fully charged in order to effectively balance the battery, and the voltage drop caused by the polarization of the battery is reduced as much as possible, and the polarization voltage value is adopted to judge the charging time of the battery;
step three, calculation of polarization voltage: when the polarization voltage is calculated, firstly, the ohmic resistance of the battery is calculated, the ohmic resistance calculation method adopts the method for calculating the ohmic resistance of the battery mentioned in the invention patent with the patent number of 201610683056.0, namely, the ohmic resistance of the battery is calculated by adopting bipolar pulses, and the charging ohmic resistance and the discharging ohmic resistance are respectively expressed by RCHAR and ISCRHAR; when a current I flows through the battery, the voltage drop across the ohmic resistance during charging and discharging can be calculated: UR _ CHAR ═ I × RCHAR and UR _ discor ═ I × RDISCHAR;
step four, the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) of the lithium battery represents the corresponding stable electromotive force of the battery under a certain state of charge (SOC), and is a state quantity with strong description capability on the battery condition, according to the corresponding relationship between the SOC and the OCV, the open circuit voltage OCV of the battery, namely UOC in fig. 2, is obtained by using the SOC of the battery, and the terminal voltage UO can be actually tested, so that the voltage drop on the resistor RP and the capacitor CP can be calculated, namely the battery polarization voltage drop is: UP ═ UO-UR-UOC;
the SOC of the batteries is used as a balancing basis, the batteries are balanced, when the SOC difference value between the batteries is larger than a set threshold value, pulse charging and discharging are carried out for multiple times until the SOC difference value between the batteries meets the requirement, as shown in figure 3;
in actual equalization, the time and amplitude of each equalization period may be different, that is, T1 and T2 may be different, and the pulse current amplitudes I1 and I2 may also be different;
step five, during charging, the battery polarization voltage UP is UO-UR-UOC, when UP > UTHD (UTHD, voltage threshold, different voltage thresholds are selected according to different batteries, for example, 10mV, 25mV and the like can be set), when the battery polarization voltage is greater than a set value, charge equalization is stopped, and the battery polarization voltage is used as the cutoff time Δ t1 of charging, and then discharging is carried out;
step six, during discharging, the battery polarization voltage UP is equal to UOC-UO-UR, and when UP is less than UTHD, the battery polarization is considered to be eliminated, and the battery polarization voltage is used as the cut-off time delta t2 of discharging; by this, one charge and discharge pulse period is completed.
The lithium battery equalization method adopting bipolar pulse charging and discharging in the embodiment provides a duty ratio calculation method of bipolar pulses in an equalization charging and discharging period, so that the influence of polarization resistance of the battery can be reduced, the electricity compensation of the maximum capacity of the battery is realized, and the heat generation of the battery can be reduced; the battery equalization method adopts multiple circulation equalization, and the pulse time and the amplitude change along with the state change of the battery, so that more optimal battery equalization is realized; the battery SOC is used as a balance basis, and compared with the condition that the battery terminal voltage is used as a battery balance condition, the battery capacity can be maximized. The battery can be discharged for a period of time after being charged for a period of time, so that certain depolarization of the battery can be realized; the method adopts a determination principle of balancing the duty ratio of the bipolar pulse current, namely a calculation method of the charging time and the discharging time in one bipolar pulse period; each battery adopts SOC as a balance basis, the online battery balance method can eliminate the polarization phenomenon of the battery while balancing the battery, a constant current power supply is adopted to take power from the battery module, and constant current charging and discharging of each battery are realized through switch control, so that the balance of each battery in the battery module is realized; during balancing, constant current with bipolar pulses is adopted as balancing current, and the amplitude and time of the adopted bipolar pulse current are determined according to the state and polarization voltage of the battery, so that each battery in the battery module can realize balancing and simultaneously reduce the polarization phenomenon of the battery, thereby eliminating the negative influence of polarization on the battery and keeping the battery in the optimal state during balancing. The method can effectively reduce the influence of polarization on the battery and prolong the service life of the battery while completing the battery balance.
Example 3
The implementation system of the lithium battery equalization method using bipolar pulse charging and discharging in the embodiment includes:
the bipolar pulse module is used for forming bipolar pulses by adopting positive pulses and negative pulses with different duty ratios, charging the battery at constant current through the positive pulses and discharging the battery at constant current through the negative pulses;
and the duty ratio adjusting module and the depolarization module are used for adjusting the duty ratio according to the difference of the period, the amplitude and the duty ratio of each positive pulse and each negative pulse of the bipolar pulse in different pulse periods and the actual requirement so as to realize depolarization.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make modifications and equivalents to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the claims of the present application.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (7)
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| CN111628544B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-09-29 | 西北工业大学 | High-precision balancing method for power battery pack system |
| CN112260372B (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-27 | 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司 | Battery equalization method and device and battery management system |
| CN112928351A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Pulse charging technology of lithium-sulfur battery |
| CN113241809A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-08-10 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Variable current intermittent pulse rapid charging control method and device based on electric model |
| CN116806402A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-09-26 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery balancing detection method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN115441078A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-06 | 浙江锋锂新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium metal battery discharge control method capable of prolonging cycle life |
| CN115621621B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-28 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Lithium battery rapid internal heating method based on pulse excitation |
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