[go: up one dir, main page]

CN111613835A - Electrolyte of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Electrolyte of lithium ion battery Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111613835A
CN111613835A CN202010395703.4A CN202010395703A CN111613835A CN 111613835 A CN111613835 A CN 111613835A CN 202010395703 A CN202010395703 A CN 202010395703A CN 111613835 A CN111613835 A CN 111613835A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
lithium ion
carbonate
ion battery
additive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010395703.4A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
侯涛
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guizhou Xingli New Energy Technology Co ltd
Original Assignee
Guizhou Xingli New Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guizhou Xingli New Energy Technology Co ltd filed Critical Guizhou Xingli New Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN202010395703.4A priority Critical patent/CN111613835A/en
Publication of CN111613835A publication Critical patent/CN111613835A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrolyte of a lithium ion battery for improving the safety performance of the battery, which comprises the following components: the lithium ion battery comprises an organic solvent, lithium salt dissolved in the organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive is as follows: a dithiocyanoalkane corresponding to the formula: CNR1SSR2CN, R1 and R2 are alkanes with carbon number between 0 and 4, or hydrogen atoms on the alkanes are replaced by fluorine atoms, and the number of the substituted fluorine atoms is within 1 to 5. In the actual experimental process, the added dithiocyano alkane additive serving as a sulfur-containing substance can form a surface protective film on the surfaces of the anode and the cathode of the lithium ion battery, so that the co-intercalation of a solvent is prevented and the occurrence of side reactions is reduced under the conditions of battery formation, circulation and the like. Meanwhile, the nitrile substances can inhibit the gas generation of the battery under the high-voltage condition, and the nitrile substances can be used as the additive of the lithium ion battery electrolyte, so that the gas expansion condition of the battery under the high voltage can be effectively solved.

Description

Electrolyte of lithium ion battery
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of electrolyte of lithium ion batteries, in particular to electrolyte of a lithium ion battery for improving the safety performance of the battery.
Background art:
in order to increase energy density, lithium ion batteries are required to have an increased charging voltage. However, in the process of voltage increase, materials such as the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the electrolyte and the like are abused, and continuous improvement and improvement on the technology are required. For the electrolyte, special additives are needed to protect the anode and the cathode, so that the cycle performance of the battery is not affected under the condition of voltage increase.
Common additives such as succinonitrile SN, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate TMSP, 1, 3-propylene sultone PST, 1, 2-bis (2-cyanoethoxy) ethane DENE and the like are taken as film forming additives, and common lithium salt additives such as LiFSI, LiODFB, LiTFSI and the like are taken as lithium salt additives. However, although the additive has a certain film forming effect in the use of the electrolyte, the additive still cannot solve the problems of gas generation, internal resistance, gas expansion and compatibility with a negative electrode in a battery cycle process under the condition of high voltage (not less than 4.30V), or the problems of compatibility of a positive electrode and the electrolyte, such as gas expansion, capacity exertion failure, fast cycle attenuation and the like, of the situation that the content of nickel in the positive electrode is increased.
In order to overcome the problems, the inventor provides the following technical scheme through continuous tests, so that the lithium ion battery electrolyte can effectively inhibit the problem of battery gas expansion under the condition of high voltage of the battery.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the lithium ion battery electrolyte.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, comprising: the lithium ion battery comprises an organic solvent, lithium salt dissolved in the organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive is as follows: a dithiocyanoalkane corresponding to the formula: CNR1SSR2CN, having the corresponding molecular structural formula:
Figure BDA0002487445820000021
r1 is alkane with carbon number between 0 and 4, or hydrogen atom on the alkane is replaced by fluorine atom, and the number of the substituted fluorine atoms is within 1 to 5; r2 is alkane with carbon number between 0 and 4, or hydrogen atom on the alkane is replaced by fluorine atom, and the number of the substituted fluorine atoms is within 1 to 5.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the additive dithiocyano alkane is in the electrolyte in the following weight percentages: 0.2 to 5 percent.
Further, in the above technical solution, any one or a combination of the following materials is further added to the electrolyte: vinylene carbonate and propylene sulfite.
Further, in the above technical solution, the organic solvent is: any one or combination of two or more of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, propylene acetate and the like.
Further, in the above technical solution, the weight ratio of the materials in the organic solvent is: ethylene carbonate methyl ethyl carbonate: diethyl carbonate 25:25: 50.
Further, in the above technical solution, the lithium salt is: and the concentration of the lithium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte is 0.8-1.5 mo 1/L.
The invention mainly adds new additives into the electrolyte: a dithiocyano alkane. In the actual experimental process, the added dithiocyano alkane additive serving as a sulfur-containing substance can form a surface protective film on the surfaces of the anode and the cathode of the lithium ion battery, so that the co-intercalation of a solvent is prevented and the occurrence of side reactions is reduced under the conditions of battery formation, circulation and the like. Meanwhile, the nitrile substances can inhibit the gas generation of the battery under the high-voltage condition, and the nitrile substances can be used as the additive of the lithium ion battery electrolyte, so that the gas expansion condition of the battery under the high voltage can be effectively solved.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises: organic solvent, lithium salt dissolved in organic solvent, additive, and other supplementary additive.
In the present invention, the organic solvent may be selected from conventional organic solvents, including: any one or combination of two or more of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, propylene acetate and the like. The embodiment of the invention is preferably as follows: ethylene Carbonate (EC), methylethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC). The weight ratio of the materials in the organic solvent is as follows: ethylene carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate 25:25: 50.
The lithium salt is: lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis (oxalato) borate, and the like. Preferably, the concentration of the lithium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte is 0.8-1.5 mo 1/L.
The additive is as follows: the additive is as follows: a dithiocyanoalkane corresponding to the formula: CNR1SSR2CN, having the corresponding molecular structural formula:
Figure BDA0002487445820000031
wherein R1 is alkane with carbon atom number between 0 and 4, or hydrogen atom on the alkane is replaced by fluorine atom, and the number of the substituted fluorine atoms is within 1 to 5; r2 is alkane with carbon number between 0 and 4, or hydrogen atom on the alkane is replaced by fluorine atom, and the number of the substituted fluorine atoms is within 1 to 5.
The additive dithiocyano alkane comprises the following components in percentage by weight in the electrolyte: 0.2-5%, and the preferable weight ratio is: 1 percent.
Other supplementary additives are: vinylene Carbonate (VC), the total amount of the supplementary additives accounts for the weight of the electrolyte: 1 to 2 percent.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
standard of cell for test
And (3) positive electrode: lithium cobaltate;
negative electrode: artificial graphite;
voltage: high voltage 4.4V system;
packaging: and (6) soft packaging the lithium battery.
Comparative example 1
The lithium salt adopts: LiPF6The organic solvent adopts: ethylene Carbonate (EC)/methylethyl carbonate (EMC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC)/Propylene Carbonate (PC) in a mixed solvent at a mass ratio of 25/20/55/5 to obtain a solvent, and dissolving a lithium salt in an organic solvent, wherein LiPF is used6The concentration was 1.0 mol/L. 1% by mass of the total ethylene carbonate is addedEster (VC), Propylene Sulfite (PS) added in an amount of 1% by mass of the total, to obtain a comparative electrolyte.
And testing the conventional indexes of the electrolyte of the comparative example, and obtaining the lithium ion battery according to the battery testing process requirements after the conventional indexes are qualified.
Example 1
The lithium salt adopts: LiPF6The organic solvent adopts: obtaining a solvent from a mixed solvent of Ethylene Carbonate (EC)/methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) according to a mass ratio of 25/25/50, and dissolving a lithium salt in an organic solvent, wherein LiPF6The concentration was 1.0 mol/L. Vinylene Carbonate (VC) was added in an amount of 1% by mass based on the total mass, and dithiodinitrile was added in an amount of 0.2% by mass based on the total mass. The electrolyte of example 1 was obtained. Namely, in the first embodiment, R1 in the additive CNR1SSR2CN is 0; r2 is 0, and the molecular formula is CNSSCN.
Example 2
An electrolyte was prepared and a battery was tested in the same manner as in example 1, except that 1% by mass of dithiomethyldithiobenzonitrile was added to obtain an electrolyte of example 2. That is, in this example 2, R1 is 1; r2 is 0. Molecular formula is CNCH3SSCN, the electrolyte of example 2 was obtained.
Example 3
An electrolyte was prepared and a battery was tested in the same manner as in example 1, except that 1% by mass of dithiodimethyldinitrile was added to obtain an electrolyte of example 3. That is, in this embodiment 3, R1 is 1; r2 is 1. Molecular formula is CNCH3SSCH3CN。
Example 4
An electrolyte was prepared and a battery was tested in the same manner as in example 1, except that 1% by mass of dithiofluoromethyldinitrile was added to obtain an electrolyte of example 4. That is, in example 4, R1 is an alkane having 1 carbon atom, and a hydrogen atom on the alkane is substituted with one fluorine atom. R2 is C1 alkane. Molecular formula is CNCH2FSSCH3CN。
Cells were made and tested from the above comparative examples and examples, with the following being a 300 week cycle data comparison:
capacity retention ratio% Increase in thickness%
Comparative example 1 78.3 7.8
Example 1 85.3 4.5
Example 2 88.3 6.1
Example 3 86.7 5.2
Example 4 85.6 5.7
The following test data comparisons were made after 60 degrees 7 days storage for the batteries made above:
capacity retention ratio% Increase in thickness%
Comparative example 1 78.3 7.8
Example 1 85.3 4.5
Example 2 88.3 6.1
Example 3 86.7 5.2
Example 4 85.6 5.7
According to the test comparison data, the lithium ion battery manufactured by the invention has the advantages that the capacity retention rate of the battery is higher than that of the conventional battery under high voltage no matter after the lithium ion battery is recycled for many times or in the long-time storage process, and meanwhile, the battery flatulence condition under the high voltage is effectively inhibited.
It is to be understood that the above description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and that equivalent changes or modifications in the structure, features and principles of the present invention described in the claims should be included in the claims.

Claims (6)

1. An electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, comprising: organic solvent, lithium salt dissolved in the organic solvent and additive, and is characterized in that:
the additive is as follows: a dithiocyanoalkane corresponding to the formula: CNR1SSR2CN, having the corresponding molecular structural formula:
Figure FDA0002487445810000011
r1 is alkane with carbon number between 0 and 4, or hydrogen atom on the alkane is replaced by fluorine atom, and the number of the substituted fluorine atoms is within 1 to 5;
r2 is alkane with carbon number between 0 and 4, or hydrogen atom on the alkane is replaced by fluorine atom, and the number of the substituted fluorine atoms is within 1 to 5.
2. The electrolyte of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the additive dithiocyano alkane comprises the following components in percentage by weight in the electrolyte: 0.2 to 5 percent.
3. The electrolyte of a lithium ion battery according to claim 2, wherein: the electrolyte is also added with any one or combination of the following materials: vinylene carbonate and propylene sulfite.
4. The electrolyte of a lithium ion battery according to claim 2, wherein: the organic solvent is as follows: any one or combination of two or more of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, propylene acetate and the like.
5. The electrolyte of a lithium ion battery according to claim 4, wherein: the weight ratio of the materials in the organic solvent is as follows: ethylene carbonate methyl ethyl carbonate: diethyl carbonate 25:25: 50.
6. The electrolyte of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the lithium salt is: and the concentration of the lithium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte is 0.8-1.5 mo 1/L.
CN202010395703.4A 2020-05-12 2020-05-12 Electrolyte of lithium ion battery Pending CN111613835A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010395703.4A CN111613835A (en) 2020-05-12 2020-05-12 Electrolyte of lithium ion battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010395703.4A CN111613835A (en) 2020-05-12 2020-05-12 Electrolyte of lithium ion battery

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111613835A true CN111613835A (en) 2020-09-01

Family

ID=72203281

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010395703.4A Pending CN111613835A (en) 2020-05-12 2020-05-12 Electrolyte of lithium ion battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111613835A (en)

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103354962A (en) * 2011-02-10 2013-10-16 三菱化学株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary battery, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using same
CN104466250A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-03-25 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 A kind of high-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte
CN104779397A (en) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-15 三星Sdi株式会社 Rechargeable lithium battery
CN105428701A (en) * 2015-12-21 2016-03-23 东莞新能源科技有限公司 Electrolyte and lithium ion battery comprising same
WO2016188884A1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 Basf Se Electrochemical cells using combinations of nitrile compounds as additives
CN107658494A (en) * 2006-12-06 2018-02-02 三菱化学株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
CN109314278A (en) * 2016-06-22 2019-02-05 株式会社村田制作所 Electrolyte, battery, battery pack, electronic equipment, electric vehicle, electrical storage device and electric system
CN109983612A (en) * 2016-11-15 2019-07-05 株式会社村田制作所 Secondary cell electrolyte, secondary cell, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric tool and electronic equipment
CN110061176A (en) * 2019-05-07 2019-07-26 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electrochemical appliance
CN110416607A (en) * 2019-05-30 2019-11-05 安徽兴锂新能源有限公司 A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107658494A (en) * 2006-12-06 2018-02-02 三菱化学株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
CN103354962A (en) * 2011-02-10 2013-10-16 三菱化学株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary battery, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using same
CN104779397A (en) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-15 三星Sdi株式会社 Rechargeable lithium battery
CN104466250A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-03-25 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 A kind of high-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte
WO2016188884A1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 Basf Se Electrochemical cells using combinations of nitrile compounds as additives
CN105428701A (en) * 2015-12-21 2016-03-23 东莞新能源科技有限公司 Electrolyte and lithium ion battery comprising same
CN109314278A (en) * 2016-06-22 2019-02-05 株式会社村田制作所 Electrolyte, battery, battery pack, electronic equipment, electric vehicle, electrical storage device and electric system
CN109983612A (en) * 2016-11-15 2019-07-05 株式会社村田制作所 Secondary cell electrolyte, secondary cell, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric tool and electronic equipment
CN110061176A (en) * 2019-05-07 2019-07-26 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electrochemical appliance
CN110416607A (en) * 2019-05-30 2019-11-05 安徽兴锂新能源有限公司 A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN109755635B (en) Battery electrolyte additive giving consideration to high and low temperature performance, electrolyte and high-nickel ternary lithium ion battery
CN107834110A (en) Lithium-ion battery electrolytes and lithium ion battery
CN112216870B (en) High-temperature-resistant high-voltage electrolyte for high-nickel lithium ion battery
CN110336076B (en) Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery
CN107017432A (en) Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and lithium ion battery
CN111525190B (en) Electrolyte and lithium ion battery
CN102332607A (en) A kind of electrolyte solution for non-aqueous secondary lithium battery
CN109671982B (en) A high-temperature and high-safety electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries matching silicon carbon anode materials
EP3547434A1 (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium-ion battery and lithium-ion battery
CN109742445B (en) Bifunctional additive, electrolyte containing same and lithium ion battery
CN112531210A (en) Electrolyte additive, application and non-aqueous electrolyte comprising electrolyte additive
CN113851610A (en) Electrolyte additive, low-temperature non-aqueous electrolyte containing electrolyte additive and lithium ion battery
CN114520371A (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery comprising same
CN112635835A (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery with high and low temperature consideration
CN106025339B (en) A kind of electrolyte for lithium ion battery and the lithium ion battery containing the electrolyte
CN111952667A (en) Electrolyte additive, electrolyte containing additive and lithium ion battery
CN114156541B (en) Electrolyte additive, electrolyte containing additive and lithium ion battery
CN111477959A (en) Electrolyte additive, electrolyte containing additive and lithium ion battery
CN108963336B (en) Lithium-ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium-ion battery
CN114566711A (en) Electrolyte, preparation method thereof and high-nickel lithium ion battery containing electrolyte
CN112615056B (en) Additive composition for preparing electrolyte, electrolyte containing additive composition and lithium ion secondary battery
CN115498265B (en) Electrolyte, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery containing electrolyte
CN117691190A (en) Electrolyte for lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode high-voltage lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery
CN114552015B (en) Electrolyte additive, lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery
CN111613835A (en) Electrolyte of lithium ion battery

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20200901