CN111589288A - Desulfurization, denitrification and white removal device for ultralow emission of flue gas of sintering machine and process thereof - Google Patents
Desulfurization, denitrification and white removal device for ultralow emission of flue gas of sintering machine and process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dioxide Inorganic materials O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 67
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 and in addition Substances 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
- B01D53/504—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
- B01D53/82—Solid phase processes with stationary reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device and a process thereof for ultralow emission of flue gas of a sintering machine, the device and the process have high desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal efficiency, stable long-term operation and energy consumption saving, can meet the ultralow emission requirements of the sintering machine and sintering briquette flue gas in the steel industry, and a double-tower device in a desulfurization system is used for desulfurization and efficiency improvement to achieve the aim of desulfurization, denitrification and whiteningSO2Ultra-low emission index of (2); the upper part of the second-stage absorption tower is provided with a spiral-flow type high-efficiency dust removal demister and a wet-type electric precipitator, and smoke dust, slurry fog drops and SO in the smoke gas3Pollutants such as heavy metals and the like are effectively removed, and the ultra-low emission index of smoke dust is achieved; the denitration system adopts a medium-low temperature SCR (selective catalytic reduction) process, and ammonia gas and NO are reacted under the action of a catalystxOxidation-reduction reaction is carried out to react NOxReduction to N2And H2O to NOxUltra-low emission index.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment of sintering machines, in particular to a desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device and a process thereof for ultralow emission of flue gas of a sintering machine.
Background
Sintering is an important link in the steel production process, and iron ore powder, anthracite powder and lime are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, and sintered ore with sufficient strength and granularity is formed by sintering and can be used as an ironmaking clinker. In general, iron ore used for sintering generally contains S and N in the form of compounds and oxysalts, and the S and N in the form of simple substances or compounds are generally released in the form of gaseous oxides in the oxidation reaction during sintering, resulting in a large amount of SO in the sintering flue gas2And NOXAnd the like, thereby polluting the atmospheric environment.
The sintering flue gas has the characteristics of large smoke content, high water content, low temperature, complex components, high dust content and high sulfur content, particularly NO in the flue gasxThe concentration is low, but the fluctuation range is wide, and is generally 4000-3T, the water content is about 10 percent generally, the temperature is 180 ℃ generally, and HF, HCl, CO, dioxin, heavy metals and the like are containedOther components, sulfur content is generally 1200-5000mg/Nm3In addition, the fluctuation of smoke components is large, and the smoke components are easily influenced by the proportion of sintering mineral aggregates.
In 2019, in 4 months, the department of ecological environment and the related ministry of committee published the opinion on promoting implementation of ultra-low emission in the steel industry, the ultra-low emission requirements of the smoke in the steel industry are specified, and the smoke emission concentration needs to meet the requirement of NOx≤50mg/Nm3，SO2The concentration is less than or equal to 35mg/Nm3The dust concentration is less than or equal to 10mg/Nm3The requirements of (1).
In order to meet the requirement of ultralow emission of sintering flue gas, the prior art generally adopts means such as dust removal, desulfurization, denitration, demisting to purify particulate matters and harmful gases in the sintering flue gas, wherein the dust removal means includes electric dust removal, cloth bag dust removal, absorption tower dust removal and the like, the desulfurization means includes wet desulfurization, circulating fluidized bed desulfurization, rotary spray drying desulfurization and the like, and the denitration means is mainly SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) or SNCR (Selective non-Catalytic Reduction) process denitration.
Among them, limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization is the most widely used desulphurization technology in China, and accounts for more than 95% of the wet desulphurization technology, and the desulphurization tower adopted in the limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization technology is mostly a spray tower, and the spray tower is the currently preferred technical genre due to simple internal structure, small system resistance and stable operation. The desulfurization efficiency of the desulfurization tower needs to be further improved in order to meet the ultra-low emission index of desulfurization; however, SO can be realized by simply increasing the number of spraying layers and the height of the spraying tower2The ultra-low emission can greatly improve the engineering construction cost and the daily operation cost, has very limited effect on further improving the desulfurization efficiency, and is difficult to meet the national requirement of low cost and ultra-low emission.
The SCR denitration technology is to remove NO in the flue gasxIs converted into N2And H2The whole process comprises the steps of spraying reducing agent ammonia into the flue gas, and converting the flue gas containing ammonia gas into harmless flue gas under the action of a catalyst through a reactor containing a special catalystNitrogen and water vapor. However, the main denitration component of the SCR denitration device is a catalyst, and when the SCR denitration device is used to remove nitrogen oxides in combustion flue gas, because the flue gas contains more substances such as dust which is easy to harden, aerosol which is condensed and coked, and the like, and the flue gas has high smoke concentration, high hardness and high abrasiveness, honeycomb pores of the catalyst and capillary pores inside the catalyst are easy to be blocked, so that the catalyst is inactivated and ineffective, and the SCR flue gas denitration device cannot normally operate for a long period, so that the application range of the SCR flue gas denitration device is limited, the investment of denitration engineering is large, and the operation cost is high.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved is to improve the dust removal, desulfurization and denitration effects of the flue gas of the sintering machine, effectively reduce the blockage and abrasion of harmful substances such as dust in the flue gas to the catalyst, and prolong the service life of the catalyst.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for ultralow emission of flue gas of a sintering machine and a process thereof2Ultra-low emission index of (2); the upper part of the second-stage absorption tower is provided with a spiral-flow type high-efficiency dust removal demister and a wet-type electric precipitator, and smoke dust, slurry fog drops and SO in the smoke gas3Pollutants such as heavy metals and the like are effectively removed, and the ultra-low emission index of smoke dust is achieved; the denitration system adopts a medium-low temperature SCR (selective catalytic reduction) process, and ammonia gas and NO are reacted under the action of a catalystxOxidation-reduction reaction is carried out to react NOxReduction to N2And H2O to NOxUltra-low emission index.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution, a desulfurization, denitrification and white removal device for ultralow emission of flue gas from a sintering machine, comprising: the system comprises a bag-type dust remover, a primary desulfurization tower, a secondary desulfurization tower, a cyclone dust and mist remover, a wet electric precipitator, a dry desulfurizer, a heat exchanger, a flue gas heater, a premixer and an SCR denitration reactor;
the bag-type dust collector receives sintering flue gas and is communicated with a primary desulfurization tower, and the primary desulfurization tower comprises a primary desulfurization tower demister, a primary desulfurization tower spray pipe and a primary desulfurization tower guide plate which are sequentially communicated with a secondary desulfurization tower;
the secondary desulfurization tower comprises a secondary desulfurization tower demister, a secondary desulfurization tower spray pipe and a secondary desulfurization tower guide plate, and is sequentially communicated with the spiral-flow type dust removal demister and the wet type electric dust collector;
the heat exchanger is respectively communicated with the wet electric dust remover, the dry desulfurizer and the flue gas heater through pipelines by utilizing a three-way valve;
the flue gas heater is communicated with the premixer, and the premixer is communicated with the SCR denitration reactor.
Further, a first SO2 concentration detector is arranged in a pipeline communicated between the bag-type dust remover and the first-stage desulfurizing tower, a second SO2 concentration detector is arranged in a pipeline communicated between the first-stage desulfurizing tower and the second-stage desulfurizing tower, and a third SO2 concentration detector is arranged in a pipeline communicated between the wet electric dust remover and the three-way valve, SO that the SO2 concentration of the sintering flue gas in the pipeline is detected in real time, the spraying speed of spraying pipes in the first-stage desulfurizing tower and the second-stage desulfurizing tower is adjusted according to the SO2 concentration, and whether the residual SO2 needs to be further removed from the flue gas through a dry-method desulfurizer or not is required, SO that the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas can be ensured to be lower, the fluctuation range of the SO2 concentration is ensured to be small, and the poisoning or blockage of a catalyst in.
Further, the first-stage desulfurizing tower guide plate comprises a cyclone body, cleaning nozzles and a support body, wherein the cyclone body and the cleaning nozzles are arranged on the support body at intervals, and the fluid is provided with a center hole and cyclone blades.
After entering a first-stage desulfurizing tower, the sintering flue gas passing through the bag-type dust collector contacts with a desulfurizing liquid from top to bottom through a central hole from bottom to top to react, the desulfurizing liquid is centripetally sprayed (namely the spraying direction points to the axis) under the guiding action of the rotational flow blades, the gas-liquid mass transfer rate is improved due to higher gas flow spraying speed, and meanwhile, the desulfurizing liquid is gathered to the center of a collecting plate to play a real 'converging role'; meanwhile, the desulfurization solution has higher flowing speed, and can effectively prevent scaling or blockage by means of self-washing self-cleaning effect.
Further, the guide plate of the secondary desulfurization tower has the same structure as the guide plate of the primary desulfurization tower;
further, a first-stage desulfurizing tower slurry circulating pump is included; the lower part in the primary desulfurization tower is provided with a primary desulfurization tower slurry tank, the water inlet of the primary desulfurization tower slurry circulating pump is communicated with the primary desulfurization tower slurry tank, and the water outlet of the primary desulfurization tower slurry circulating pump is communicated with the primary desulfurization tower spray pipe; the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved through the circulation of the desulfurization solution.
Comprises a two-stage desulfurizing tower slurry circulating pump; the lower part in the secondary desulfurization tower is provided with a secondary desulfurization tower slurry tank, the water inlet of the secondary desulfurization tower slurry circulating pump is communicated with the secondary desulfurization tower slurry tank, and the water outlet of the secondary desulfurization tower slurry circulating pump is communicated with the secondary desulfurization tower spray pipe; the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved through the circulation of the desulfurization solution.
Further, the first-stage desulfurizing tower demister and the second-stage desulfurizing tower demister can be flat-plate demisters or ridge demisters or demisters of other forms.
Furthermore, the sintering flue gas after the second-stage desulfurization is demisted and dedusted by the cyclone dust removal demister and the wet electric precipitator, and in addition, water is sprayed from the flushing water tank to the cyclone dust removal demister and the wet electric precipitator through the flushing spray pipe to remove attached dust, and the spray water enters the slurry circulating pump of the second-stage desulfurization tower, so that the cyclic utilization of water resources is realized, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
According to the invention, by combining the primary desulfurization tower demister, the secondary desulfurization tower demister and the cyclone dust removal demister, pollutants such as smoke dust, slurry fog drops, SO3 and heavy metals in flue gas are effectively removed, and the ultralow emission index of the smoke dust is achieved. Meanwhile, the wet electric dust remover is arranged to further reduce the discharge amount of pollutants, and the wet electric dust remover has good dust removal and demisting effects.
Further, the dry desulfurizer is a honeycomb reactor loaded with granular desulfurizer, and the granular desulfurizer is prepared by mixing 40-50 wt% of quicklime, 25-35 wt% of ferric oxide, 10-20 wt% of water glass and 5-10 wt% of carboxymethyl cellulose, briquetting, and drying at 300-500 ℃ for 3-5 h.
Further, the heat exchanger is provided with a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet, a heat medium inlet and a heat medium outlet, the refrigerant inlet is communicated with the refrigerant outlet, the heat medium inlet is communicated with the heat medium outlet, the refrigerant inlet is communicated with the desulfurized sintering flue gas, the refrigerant outlet is communicated with the flue gas heater, the heat medium inlet is communicated with the SCR denitration reactor, and the heat medium outlet is communicated with the induced draft fan.
The sintering flue gas after desulfurization and dust removal is subjected to denitration reaction, the flue gas after desulfurization and denitration is subjected to flue gas heat exchange, namely, the low-temperature flue gas at the outlet of the desulfurization tower and the high-temperature flue gas after denitration are subjected to heat exchange through a heat exchanger, and the low-temperature flue gas is heated to a specific temperature and then is heated to the SCR denitration reaction temperature through a flue gas heater, so that the consumption of blast furnace gas (or coke oven gas) is reduced, and energy is saved. After the heat exchange of the high-temperature flue gas after the denitration reaction is carried out by the flue gas heat exchanger, the temperature of the flue gas is still higher than the dew point of the flue gas, a flue gas white eliminating device is not needed, and the engineering investment and the operation cost are reduced.
And further, introducing sintering flue gas heated by the flue gas heater into a premixer, spraying ammonia water from an ammonia water evaporator through an ammonia spraying grid to carry out the premixer, premixing the sintering flue gas and the ammonia water, and introducing the uniformly mixed gas into the SCR denitration reactor.
Furthermore, the SCR denitration reactor is provided with an inclined top, and the mixed gas is not directly blown to the catalyst, but is blown to the catalyst through a flue gas rectifier after colliding with the inclined inner wall, so that the abrasion of the high-temperature mixed gas to the catalyst is avoided;
furthermore, the flue gas rectifier is made of a stainless steel material with a honeycomb structure, the thickness of the flue gas rectifier is 10-20mm, the pore diameter of the flue gas rectifier is 10-30mm, the direction and the pressure of airflow blown to the catalyst can be further controlled by arranging the flue gas rectifier, and the abrasion and the blockage of the catalyst are avoided.
Further, the catalyst arrangement mode adopts a 2+1 mode, a flat-plate SCR catalyst, a honeycomb type SCR catalyst and a honeycomb type SCR catalyst are sequentially arranged according to the flow direction of flue gas, the three layers of structures are formed, and meanwhile, a sound wave soot blower is arranged above the flat-plate type SCR catalyst. Through the arrangement of the catalyst, the plate type SCR catalyst with a lower pore diameter and a low price is subjected to higher flow velocity impact and dust deposition, so that the subsequent blockage and poisoning of the honeycomb type SCR catalyst can be delayed, and the cost of the whole desulfurization and denitrification process is reduced.
Furthermore, the invention adopts the traditional limestone-gypsum method, removes SO2 in the sintering flue gas mainly by the matching use of the primary desulfurizing tower and the secondary desulfurizing tower, can prolong the contact time of the flue gas and the desulfurizing liquid, improves the whole desulfurizing efficiency, has wide application range, has large liquefied gas ratio compared with a single-tower desulfurizing system, avoids the gypsum rain phenomenon, and can meet the requirement of the ultralow emission standard of particulate matters and sulfur dioxide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the technological processes of a double-tower double-circulation desulfurization device, a spiral-flow type efficient dust and mist removal device, a wet electric dust removal device and an SCR denitration device, the sintering flue gas after desulfurization and dust removal is subjected to denitration reaction, the sintering flue gas is low in sulfur and dust, the phenomena of catalyst blockage and poisoning are reduced, the service life of a catalyst is prolonged, and the operation cost is reduced;
(2) according to the invention, the first SO2 concentration detector is arranged in the pipeline communicated between the bag-type dust remover and the primary desulfurization tower, the second SO2 concentration detector is arranged in the pipeline communicated between the primary desulfurization tower and the secondary desulfurization tower, and the third SO2 concentration detector is arranged in the pipeline communicated between the wet electric precipitator and the three-way valve, SO that the SO2 concentration of the sintering flue gas in the pipeline is detected in real time, the spraying speeds of the spraying pipes in the primary desulfurization tower and the secondary desulfurization tower are adjusted according to the SO2 concentration, and whether the residual SO2 needs to be further removed from the flue gas through the dry desulfurizer or not is required, SO that the concentration of SO2 in the flue gas can be ensured to be lower, the fluctuation range of the SO2 concentration is ensured to be small, and the poisoning or blockage of a catalyst in a subsequent SCR denitration reactor is avoided.
(3) According to the invention, the structures of the first-stage desulfurization tower guide plate and the second-stage desulfurization tower guide plate are optimized, so that the contact area of the sintering flue gas and the desulfurization liquid can be increased, and the desulfurization effect is improved;
(4) according to the invention, by combining SCR catalysts with different structures, different pore sizes and different denitration effects and specifically arranging the flat plate type SCR catalyst, the honeycomb type SCR catalyst and the honeycomb type SCR catalyst in sequence according to the flow direction of flue gas, the subsequent blockage and poisoning of the honeycomb type SCR catalyst are delayed, and the cost of the whole desulfurization and denitration process is reduced;
(5) the flue gas desulfurization and denitration dust removal device has the advantages of being high in desulfurization and denitration dust removal efficiency, enabling sulfur dioxide, particulate matters and nitrogen oxides in flue gas to meet the requirements of ultralow emission standards, saving engineering investment and energy consumption, reducing operation cost and being good in regulation characteristic.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a guide plate of the primary desulfurization tower according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a swirling body of a deflector of the primary desulfurization tower according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the flue gas rectifier of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
1. a bag-type dust remover, 2, a first-stage desulfurizing tower, 3, a first-stage desulfurizing tower demister, 4, a first-stage desulfurizing tower spray pipe, 5, a first-stage desulfurizing tower guide plate, 6, a first-stage desulfurizing tower slurry tank, 7, a first SO2 concentration detector, 8, a first-stage desulfurizing tower slurry circulating pump, 9, a second-stage desulfurizing tower, 10, a second-stage desulfurizing tower demister, 11, a second-stage desulfurizing tower spray pipe, 12, a second-stage desulfurizing tower guide plate, 13, a second-stage desulfurizing tower slurry tank, 14, a second-stage desulfurizing tower slurry circulating pump, 15, a second SO2 concentration detector, 16, a flushing water tank, 17, a flushing spray pipe, 18, a wet electric dust remover, 19, a cyclone dust removal demister, 20, a third SO2 concentration detector, 21, a three-way valve, 22, a dry desulfurizing device, 23, a heat exchanger, 24, a flue gas heater, 25, an ammonia water evaporator, 26, 28. the device comprises an SCR denitration reactor, 29, a flue gas rectifier, 30, an acoustic soot blower, 31, a catalyst, 32, an induced draft fan, 51, a cyclone body, 52, a cleaning nozzle, 53, a support body, 511, a central hole, 512 and cyclone blades.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a desulfurization, denitrification and white-light-eliminating device for ultralow emission of flue gas of a sintering machine, comprising: the system comprises a bag-type dust remover 1, a primary desulfurization tower 2, a secondary desulfurization tower 9, a cyclone dust removal demister 19, a wet electric dust remover 18, a dry desulfurizer 22, a heat exchanger 23, a flue gas heater 24, a premixer 27 and an SCR denitration reactor 28;
the bag-type dust collector 1 receives sintering flue gas and is communicated with a primary desulfurization tower 2, and the primary desulfurization tower 2 comprises a primary desulfurization tower demister 3, a primary desulfurization tower spray pipe 4 and a primary desulfurization tower guide plate 5 which are sequentially communicated with a secondary desulfurization tower 9; meanwhile, a primary desulfurization tower slurry tank 6 is arranged at the lower part in the primary desulfurization tower 2, the primary desulfurization tower slurry tank 6 is communicated with a primary desulfurization tower slurry circulating pump 8, and the primary desulfurization tower slurry circulating pump 8 is communicated with a primary desulfurization tower spray pipe 4;
the secondary desulfurization tower 9 comprises a secondary desulfurization tower demister 10, a secondary desulfurization tower spray pipe 11 and a secondary desulfurization tower guide plate 12, and is sequentially communicated with a spiral-flow type dust removal demister 19 and a wet type electric dust remover 18; meanwhile, a secondary desulfurization tower slurry tank 13 is arranged at the lower part in the secondary desulfurization tower 9, the secondary desulfurization tower slurry tank 13 is communicated with a secondary desulfurization tower slurry circulating pump 14, and the secondary desulfurization tower slurry circulating pump 14 is communicated with a secondary desulfurization tower spray pipe 11; wherein, the primary desulfurizing tower demister 3 and the secondary desulfurizing tower demister 10 are ridge demisters;
a first SO2 concentration detector 7 is arranged in a pipeline communicated between the bag-type dust remover 1 and the primary desulfurizing tower 2, a second SO2 concentration detector 15 is arranged in a pipeline communicated between the primary desulfurizing tower 2 and the secondary desulfurizing tower 9, and a third SO2 concentration detector 20 is arranged in a pipeline communicated between the wet electric dust remover 18 and the three-way valve 21;
the washing water tank 16 sprays spray water to the wet electric dust collector 18 and the cyclone dust removal demister 19 through a washing spray pipe 17, and the spray water is communicated to the secondary desulfurization tower slurry circulating pump 14 through a pipeline;
the heat exchanger 23 is respectively communicated with the wet electric precipitator 18 and the dry desulfurizer 22 through pipelines by utilizing a three-way valve 21, the heat exchanger 23 is provided with a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet, a heat medium inlet and a heat medium outlet, the refrigerant inlet is communicated with the refrigerant outlet, the heat medium inlet is communicated with the heat medium outlet, the refrigerant inlet is communicated with the desulfurized sintering flue gas, the refrigerant outlet is communicated with a flue gas heater 24, the heat medium inlet is communicated with an SCR denitration reactor 28, and the heat medium outlet is communicated with a draught fan 32;
the flue gas heater 24 is communicated with the premixer 27, the ammonia water evaporator 25 is communicated with the premixer 27, ammonia water is sprayed into the premixer 27 through the ammonia spraying grid 26, and the premixer 27 is communicated with the SCR denitration reactor 28;
the SCR denitration reactor 28 is provided with an inclined top, and comprises a flue gas rectifier 29, an acoustic wave soot blower 30 and a catalyst 31, wherein the catalyst 31 is arranged in a mode of 2+1, and a flat plate type SCR catalyst, a honeycomb type SCR catalyst and a honeycomb type SCR catalyst are sequentially arranged according to the flow direction of flue gas.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the first-stage desulfurizing tower deflector 5 of the desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for ultralow emission of flue gas from a sintering machine provided by the invention comprises a cyclone body 51, a cleaning nozzle 52 and a support body 53, wherein the cyclone body 51 and the cleaning nozzle 52 are arranged on the support body 53 at intervals, the fluid selection body 51 has a central hole 511 and a cyclone blade 512, and the second-stage desulfurizing tower deflector 12 and the first-stage desulfurizing tower deflector 5 have the same structure.
As shown in FIG. 4, the flue gas rectifier 29 in the desulfurization, denitrification and whitening apparatus for ultralow emission of flue gas from sintering machine provided by the invention is made of stainless steel material with honeycomb structure, thickness is 10-20mm, and aperture is 10-30 mm.
When the device works, the temperature of sintering flue gas is about 100-3Then the reaction product is introduced into a first-stage desulfurizing tower 2, the reaction product is desulfurized through the diversion action of a first-stage desulfurizing tower guide plate 5 and the desulfurizing liquid sprayed by a first-stage desulfurizing tower spray pipe 4, then the reaction product enters a second-stage desulfurizing tower 9 after partial moisture is removed by a first-stage desulfurizing tower demister 3, slurry obtained through the reaction is accumulated in a first-stage desulfurizing tower slurry tank 6, and the sulfur content is about 800-3，
Wherein, if the sulfur content is higher than 5000mg/Nm after the test by the first SO2 concentration detector 7 and the second SO2 concentration detector 153Or 1000mg/Nm3Increasing the spraying speed of the spraying pipe;
the sintering flue gas entering the secondary desulfurization tower 9 is treated by a secondary desulfurization tower guide plate 12, a secondary desulfurization tower spray pipe 11 and a secondary desulfurization tower demister 10, then treated by a cyclone dust removal demister 19 and a wet electric precipitator 18 to remove most of SO2, dust, moisture and other substances, and detected by a third SO2 concentration detector to contain sulfur, if the sulfur content is lower than 35mg/Nm3Directly into the heat exchanger 23, if it is higher than 35mg/Nm3Then enters the dry desulfurizer 22 to be one through the control of the three-way valve 21Removing SO2, wherein the dry desulfurizer 22 is a honeycomb reactor loaded with granular desulfurizer, and the granular desulfurizer is prepared by mixing 40-50% of quicklime, 25-35% of ferric oxide, 10-20% of water glass and 5-10% of carboxymethyl cellulose in percentage by weight, briquetting, and drying at 300-500 ℃ for 3-5 h.
The sintering flue gas is heated to 230-250 ℃ through the heat exchange action of the heat exchanger 23, enters the premixer 27 after being subjected to heat compensation to 280 ℃ through the flue gas heater 24, is mixed with ammonia water sprayed from the ammonia water evaporator 25 through the ammonia spraying grid 26, and the uniformly mixed flue gas enters the SCR denitration reactor 28;
in the SCR denitration reactor 28, the sintering flue gas passes through the catalyst 31 by the rectification of the flue gas rectifier 29, the SCR denitration reaction is completed, and NO is removedxThe treated flue gas passes through the heat exchanger 23 and is discharged under the pressurization action of the induced draft fan 32.
Wherein, the purified flue gas obtained by treatment meets the standard of ultralow emission after being tested, and NOx is less than or equal to 50mg/Nm3The concentration of SO2 is less than or equal to 35mg/Nm3The dust concentration is less than or equal to 10mg/Nm3And after the high-temperature flue gas after the denitration reaction is subjected to heat exchange by the flue gas heat exchanger, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced from 280 ℃ to 90 ℃, the temperature is higher than the dew point of the flue gas, a flue gas white eliminating device is not required to be arranged, and the engineering investment and the operation cost are reduced.
Example 2
The desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for ultralow emission of flue gas of the sintering machine, which is described in the embodiment 1, is used for an emission experiment of sintering flue gas, specifically for testing the treatment of sintering flue gas of a Bao Steel works, the operation is carried out for 1 month, and the NOx, SO2 and dust concentration are tested after each week, and after the test, the structure tested each week meets the ultralow emission standard after the sintering flue gas is treated by adopting the device and the related process, wherein the NOx is less than or equal to 50mg/Nm3The concentration of SO2 is less than or equal to 35mg/Nm3The dust concentration is less than or equal to 10mg/Nm3。
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a SOx/NOx control white device that disappears for sintering machine flue gas minimum discharge which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a bag-type dust remover (1), a primary desulfurization tower (2), a secondary desulfurization tower (9), a cyclone dust-removing demister (19), a wet-type electric precipitator (18), a dry-type desulfurizer (22), a heat exchanger (23), a flue gas heater (24), a premixer (27) and an SCR denitration reactor (28); the bag-type dust collector (1) receives sintering flue gas and is communicated with a primary desulfurization tower (2), and the primary desulfurization tower (2) comprises a primary desulfurization tower demister (3), a primary desulfurization tower spray pipe (4) and a primary desulfurization tower guide plate (5) which are sequentially communicated with a secondary desulfurization tower (9); the secondary desulfurization tower (9) comprises a secondary desulfurization tower demister (10), a secondary desulfurization tower spray pipe (11) and a secondary desulfurization tower guide plate (12), and is sequentially communicated with a spiral-flow type dust removal demister (19) and a wet type electric dust collector (18); the heat exchanger (23) is respectively communicated with the wet electric dust collector (18) and the dry desulfurizer (22) through pipelines by utilizing a three-way valve (21), and is communicated with a flue gas heater (24); the flue gas heater (24) is communicated with a premixer (27), and the premixer (27) is communicated with an SCR denitration reactor (28).
2. The desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for ultralow emission of flue gas of the sintering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of setting a first SO2 concentration detector (7) in a pipeline communicated between a bag-type dust remover (1) and a first-stage desulfurizing tower (2), setting a second SO2 concentration detector (15) in the pipeline communicated between the first-stage desulfurizing tower (2) and a second-stage desulfurizing tower (9), and setting a third SO2 concentration detector (20) in the pipeline communicated between a wet-type electric precipitator (18) and a three-way valve (21).
3. The desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for the ultra-low emission of flue gas of the sintering machine according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: first-order desulfurizing tower guide plate (5) are including the swirling flow body (51), wash nozzle (52) and supporter (53), the swirling flow body (51) is installed on supporter (53) with wash nozzle (52) interval arrangement, the swirling flow body (51) have centre bore (511) and whirl blade (512).
4. The desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for the ultra-low emission of flue gas of the sintering machine according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the secondary desulfurization tower guide plate (12) has the same structure as the primary desulfurization tower guide plate (5).
5. The desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for the ultra-low emission of flue gas of the sintering machine according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: comprises a primary desulfurization tower slurry circulating pump (8); the lower part in one-level desulfurizing tower (2) has one-level desulfurizing tower slurry groove (6), the water inlet of one-level desulfurizing tower slurry circulating pump (8) with one-level desulfurizing tower slurry groove (6) are linked together, the delivery port of one-level desulfurizing tower slurry circulating pump (8) with one-level desulfurizing tower shower (4) are linked together.
6. The desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for the ultra-low emission of flue gas of the sintering machine according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: comprises a two-stage desulfurizing tower slurry circulating pump (14); the lower part in the second-stage desulfurizing tower (9) is provided with a second-stage desulfurizing tower slurry tank (13), the water inlet of a second-stage desulfurizing tower slurry circulating pump (14) is communicated with the second-stage desulfurizing tower slurry tank (13), and the water outlet of the second-stage desulfurizing tower slurry circulating pump (14) is communicated with the second-stage desulfurizing tower spray pipe (11).
7. The desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for the ultra-low emission of flue gas of the sintering machine according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the dry desulfurizer (22) is a honeycomb reactor loaded with granular desulfurizer, and the granular desulfurizer is prepared by mixing and briquetting 40-50% of quicklime, 25-35% of ferric oxide, 10-20% of water glass and 5-10% of carboxymethyl cellulose in percentage by weight and drying the mixture for 3-5h at the temperature of 300-.
8. The desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for the ultra-low emission of flue gas of the sintering machine according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the heat exchanger (23) is provided with a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet, a heat medium inlet and a heat medium outlet, the refrigerant inlet is communicated with the refrigerant outlet, the heat medium inlet is communicated with the heat medium outlet, the refrigerant inlet is communicated with desulfurized sintering flue gas, the refrigerant outlet is communicated with a flue gas heater (24), the heat medium inlet is communicated with an SCR denitration reactor (28), and the heat medium outlet is communicated with a draught fan (32).
9. The desulfurization, denitrification and whitening apparatus for ultra-low emission of flue gas of sintering machine according to any of claims 1-2, characterized by comprising an ammonia water evaporator (25) and an ammonia injection grid (26), wherein the ammonia water evaporator (25) sprays ammonia water into the premixer (27) through the ammonia injection grid (26).
10. The desulfurization, denitrification and whitening device for the ultra-low emission of flue gas of the sintering machine according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the SCR denitration reactor (28) comprises a flue gas rectifier (29), an acoustic wave soot blower (30) and a catalyst (31), wherein the catalyst (31) is arranged in a mode of 2+1, and a flat-plate type SCR catalyst, a honeycomb type SCR catalyst and a honeycomb type SCR catalyst are sequentially arranged according to the flow direction of flue gas.
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