CN111587528B - 功率半导体装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的课题在于提高功率半导体装置的可靠性。本发明为一种功率半导体装置,具备:半导体元件;第1端子及第2端子,所述第1端子及第2端子向所述半导体元件传输电流;第1基座及第2基座,所述第1基座及第2基座夹持所述第1端子的一部分、所述第2端子的一部分以及所述半导体元件且互相相对地配置;以及密封材料,其被设置于所述第1基座与所述第2基座之间的空间内,所述第2端子具有中间部,所述中间部以沿着从所述半导体元件离开的方向而使与所述第1端子的距离变大的方式形成,所述中间部设置于所述第1基座与所述第2基座之间并且设置于所述密封材料内。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功率半导体装置,尤其涉及一种具有对应于高输出的功率半导体元件的功率半导体装置。
背景技术
由于基于功率半导体元件的切换的电力转换装置的转换效率较高,因此在民生用、车载用、铁路用、变电设备等中被广泛使用。
由于该功率半导体元件通过通电而发热,因此需要较高的散热性。尤其是在车载用途中,为了小型、轻量化,采用有利用了水冷的高效率的冷却系统。关于对功率半导体元件的两面进行冷却的功率半导体装置,专利文献1进行了公开。
专利文献1中记载的功率半导体装置中,通过热可塑性树脂对用热固化性树脂进行树脂模制而成的半导体装置进行模制以形成水路。该水路中冷却水时常接触树脂,从而树脂吸湿到饱和状态,所以存在向半导体元件与树脂的交界面上存在的微小的剥离部中扩散的水渗出的担忧。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特开2012-9568号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的技术问题
本发明的技术问题为提高功率半导体装置的可靠性。
解决问题的技术手段
本发明的功率半导体装置具备:半导体元件;第1端子及第2端子,所述第1端子及第2端子向所述半导体元件传输电流;第1基座及第2基座,所述第1基座及第2基座夹持所述第1端子的一部分、所述第2端子的一部分以及所述半导体元件且互相相对地配置;以及密封材料,其被设置于所述第1基座与所述第2基座之间的空间内,所述第2端子具有中间部,所述中间部以沿着从所述半导体元件离开的方向而使与所述第1端子的距离变大的方式形成,所述中间部设置于所述第1基座与所述第2基座之间且设置于所述密封材料内。
发明的效果
通过本发明能够提高功率半导体的可靠性。
附图说明
图1为本实施方式中的功率半导体装置140的表面侧的整体立体图。
图2为本实施方式中的功率半导体装置140的背面侧的整体立体图。
图3为将流路盖1003取下后的功率半导体装置140的表面侧的整体立体图。
图4为功率半导体装置140的正面透视图。
图5为关于通过图4中线段AA的截面的功率半导体单元300的截面图。
图6为关于通过图4中线段BB的截面的功率半导体单元300的截面图。
图7为功率半导体装置140的制造工序的截面图。
图8为图7中工序(c)的阶段的功率半导体单元300的俯视图。
图9为以本实施方式的功率半导体装置140的第2基座804为中心的制造工序的立体图。
图10为以本实施方式的功率半导体装置140的第1基座803为中心的制造工序的立体图。
图11为以本实施方式的功率半导体装置140的密封材料603为中心的制造工序的立体图。
图12为表示对功率半导体装置140进行安装的本实施方式的电力转换装置200的外观的立体图。
图13为表示本实施方式的电力转换装置200的截面构造的概要图。
具体实施方式
说明本发明的实施方式之前,对本发明的原理进行说明。
本发明的一个构成为,具备:第1端子及第2端子,所述第1端子及第2端子向半导体元件传输电流;第1基座及第2基座,所述第1基座及第2基座夹持所述第1端子的一部分、所述第2端子的一部分以及所述半导体元件且互相相对地配置;以及密封材料,其被设置于所述第1基座与所述第2基座之间的空间内,所述第2端子具有中间部,所述中间部以沿着从所述半导体元件离开的方向而使与所述第1端子的距离变大的方式形成,所述中间部设置于所述第1基座与所述第2基座之间且设置于所述密封材料内。
根据本发明,由于在半导体元件的两表面具有金属制的第1基座和第2基座,所以使半导体元件的两表面冷却的同时也使冷却水不与密封材料接触。因此,没有由冷却水导致的密封材料的吸湿,具有绝缘性优异的效果。
此外,第2端子由于以沿着从半导体元件离开的方向而使端子间隔变大的方式形成,因此具有容易确保高电压设备应当满足的沿面距离和空间距离的效果。另一方面,由于低成本化,因此在不扩大搭载了半导体元件的昂贵的绝缘基板而扩大端子间隔的情况下,位于功率半导体装置外侧的端子的距离得以延长。当第2端子的距离变长时,则电阻增加、发热量增加。
在第2端子进行突出的长边方向的外形尺寸为170mm以下的小型功率半导体装置的情况下,当通电300A以上的大电流时,与端子以最短距离从密封材料突出的情况相比,由于增加的发热量,会导致超过密封着端子的密封材料的玻璃转变温度,产生密封材料与端子的密合力降低的新技术问题。
针对该点,如本发明这样,通过用第1基座以及第2基座夹持以沿着从半导体元件离开的方向而使自第1端子的距离变大的方式形成的中间部,具有提高第2端子的冷却性,能够流通大电流的效果。此外,通过由密封材料将第1基座以及第2基座统一密封,具有生产效率较高的效果。
下面,作为本发明的构造体的实施方式,针对用于车辆搭载用的电力转换装置的功率半导体装置进行说明。在下面说明的功率半导体装置的实施方式中,关于作为发热体的功率半导体元件、搭载了功率半导体元件的功率半导体单元、搭载功率半导体单元的具有作为散热板的散热鳍片部的基座、功率半导体单元的输入输出端子、将功率半导体单元以及基座统一密封的密封材料、形成水路的水路盖、连结上下水路的流路形成部等的各构成要素,参考附图进行说明。另外,各图中对于同一要素记为同一符号,省略重复说明。
图1为本实施方式的功率半导体装置140的表面侧的整体立体图。图2为本实施方式的功率半导体装置140的背面侧的整体立体图。图3为将流路盖1003取下后的功率半导体装置140的表面侧的整体立体图。图4为功率半导体装置140的正面透视图。图5为关于通过图4中线段AA的截面的功率半导体单元300的截面图。图6为关于通过图4中线段BB的截面的功率半导体单元300的截面图。
功率半导体单元300为将后述的半导体元件860内置的电路体。如图1和图6等所示,功率半导体单元300为3个并排为一列。功率半导体单元300为将上臂电路以及下臂电路的2个臂电路一体化为一个模块的构造即2in1构造。除了2in1构造以外,使用3in1构造、4in1构造、6in1构造等的情况下,可以减少自功率半导体装置的输出端子的数量并且小型化。
集电极感测信号端子325C、下臂栅极信号端子325L和温度感测信号端子325S在功率半导体单元300、控制基板和驱动基板之间传输电信号。这些信号端子从功率半导体装置140的两面突出以后,为了连结至控制电路和驱动电路,通过弯曲加工变化为朝向同一方向。通过将信号端子分成两面伸出,具有容易确保端子间的沿面距离和空间距离的效果。
直流端子315B是传输来自电容器的直流电流的正极侧的端子。直流端子319B为负极侧的端子。交流端子320B向电动机传输交流驱动电流。
如图6所示,金属制的第1基座803和第2基座804配置为相互正面相对的方式。如图3所示,第1基座803形成散热鳍片800,使与制冷剂的热传导率提高。第2基座804也同样地形成散热鳍片。第1基座803和第2基座804为金属材料即可,没有其他限制,但从散热性方面考虑,优选铜或者铝,从成本方面考虑,优选铝。如图1所示,将流路盖1003激光焊接至第1基座803的情况下,为防止由杂质的挥发导致的空隙,第1基座803尤其优选使用纯铝系。
图1或图6所示的密封材料603将半导体元件860、第1基座803和第2基座804等通过传递模塑统一密封。密封材料603仅需为传递模塑成型的密封材料即可,没有其他的限制,但从耐热性方面考虑,玻璃转变温度为150℃以上的材料为佳。固定部612为固定至后述的框体12的部分。开口部611形成于流路盖1003,供流路内制冷剂的流入和流出。
直流端子315B和直流端子319B从功率半导体140的一面呈一列地突出。通过直流端子315B与直流端子319B相邻,具有使输入输出的电流接近从而降低电感的效果。此外,由于直流端子315B与直流端子319B被连接至连接了电池的电容模块500,所以具有从一面突出从而能够简化逆变器布局的效果。交流端子320B从与直流端子315B以及直流端子319B被配置的一侧相反的功率半导体单元300的面突出。由此,连接至电流传感器之后,从逆变器输出而连接至电动机,所以通过使与电容器模块500相连接的直流端子315B与直流端子319B为不同方向,具有能够简化逆变器布局的效果。
利用图4,说明本实施方式的第1端子600、第2端子601、设置于第2端子601的中间部604、突出部606、第1流路形成部605之间的关系。
第1端子600以及第2端子601对应于图1乃至图3中所示的交流端子320B、直流端子315B以及直流端子319B。突出部606为从第1端子600以及第2端子601的密封材料603突出的部分。另一方面,中间部604在第1端子600以及第2端子601中被密封材料603覆盖。突出部606由于未被密封材料603覆盖,所以必须确保高电压设备应当满足的沿面距离和空间距离。
300A以上的大电流流过第1端子600以及第2端子601时,第1端子600以及第2端子601发热。通过该发热,中间部604有时变成比密封材料603的玻璃转变温度高的温度,在比玻璃转变温度高的温度下,存在密封材料603的密合力降低的担忧。
中间部604是相对于突出部606一体成型的第1端子600或第2端子601的一部分,是位于比功率半导体元件860等的电气连接部更靠外部的位置的部分。
在不扩大搭载了功率半导体元件860的昂贵的绝缘基板而谋求低成本化、且扩大高电压设备应当满足的沿面距离和空间距离的确保端子间隔的情况下,将位于功率半导体装置140的外侧的第2端子601向外侧延长。另一方面,当第2端子601的距离变长时,电阻增加,发热量增加。
如图5以及图6所示,中间部604中产生的热量经由冷却路径613向第1基座803以及第2基座804传输。
第1基座803以及第2基座804由热传导率高的金属材料制成,由于第1基座803以及第2基座804自身中有与流路接触的领域,所以传递的热量通过制冷剂被冷却。如此一来,通过在中间部604的两侧具有第1基座803和第2基座804,具有第1端子600或者第2端子601的散热性优异的效果。
此外,制冷剂通过第1基座803、第2基座804、流路盖1003这样的金属材料与密封材料603相隔离。由此,能够防止由冷却水导致的密封材料的吸湿,并且能够确保高的绝缘性。
利用图7至图11对本实施方式的功率半导体装置140的制造顺序进行说明。图7为功率半导体装置140的制造工序的截面图。
如图7的工序(a)所示,准备安装了导体部的集电极侧基板810。
如图7的工序(b)所示,半导体元件860经由焊料、烧结金属等连接材料连接至集电极侧基板810。进一步,金属块159经由焊料、烧结金属等连接材料连接至半导体元件860。金属块159仅需是具有电传导性的金属材料即可,没有其他的限制,但优选电传导性高的铜,为了轻量化也可以使用铝。为了确保与连接材料的连接,也可以对金属块的表面实施镀覆等。进一步,图7的工序(b)的状态中,连接未图示的AI电线。
如图7的工序(c)所示,引线框830以及引线框831经由连接材料搭载至集电极侧基板810的导体部。进一步,发射极侧基板820经由连接材料搭载至集电极侧基板810的导体部以及半导体元件860。
接着,如图7的工序(d)所示,具有散热鳍片800的第1基座803连接至发射极侧基板820。具有散热鳍片800的第2基座804连接至集电极侧基板810。
接着,如图7的工序(e)所示,密封材料603经由传递模塑填充至第1基座803与第2基座804之间的空间,进一步,在该空间的周边形成树脂部。
另外,为了提高密封材料603与其他部件的密合性,也可以在传递模塑前的阶段,通过树脂薄膜851覆盖各部件。
接着,对图7所示的工序(c)至工序(e)进行详细说明。图8为图7的工序(c)的阶段中功率半导体单元300的俯视图。
功率半导体单元300根据其后搭载的位置,具有3种类的引线框形状。在上臂栅极信号端子325U等的控制端子中设置连杆832,以防止密封材料流入控制端子间。
图9为以本实施方式的功率半导体装置140的第2基座804为中心的制造工序的立体图。
第2基座804具有第1流路形成部605以及固定部612。3个功率半导体单元300并列于2个第1流路形成部605之间,并配置于第2基座804。预先将功率半导体单元300制造完成之后,搭载于第2基座804,由此,具有能够降低功率半导体单元300自身的翘曲的效果。功率半导体单元300与第2基座804的接合使用焊料等的金属材料。第2基座804与第1流路形成部605的接合以及第2基座804与固定部612的接合为通过激光焊接等金属接合而接合。
图10为以本实施方式的功率半导体装置140的第1基座803为中心的制造工序的立体图。
第1基座804连接有3个功率半导体单元300、固定部612和第1流路形成部605。功率半导体单元300与第1基座803的接合使用焊料等金属材料而连接。第1基座803与第1流路形成部605的接合、第1基座803与固定部612的接合为通过激光焊接等金属接合而接合。
图11为以本实施方式的功率半导体装置140的密封材料603为中心的制造工序的立体图。
通过传递模塑将第1基座803与第2基座804之间用密封材料603密封。通过使用传递模塑统一密封,具有生产性高的效果。
图12为表示对功率半导体装置140进行安装的本实施方式的电力转换装置200的外观的立体图。
本实施方式的电力转换装置200的外观为将上表面或底表面为大致长方形的框体12、设置于框体12的短边侧的外周之一的上部壳体10、用于堵塞框体12的下部开口的下部壳体16固定而形成的形状。框体12与下部壳体有时也会一体地形成。由于框体12的仰视图或俯视图的形状为大致长方形,所以向车辆的安装变得容易,且易于生产。制冷剂入口部13使制冷剂在框体12的一面流入,制冷剂出口部14使制冷剂在框体12的一面流出。连接器21收发用于驱动功率半导体装置140等的信号。交流终端18连接电力转换装置200和电动机,并且传输交流电流。
图13为表示本实施方式涉及的电力转换装置200的截面构造的概要图。
功率半导体装置140的交流端子320B焊接至搭载了电流传感器180的母排。此外,功率半导体装置140的直流端子315B以及直流端子319B与电容器模块500的端子焊接。接着,将搭载了安装部件的控制电路基板172与驱动电路基板174组装并与信号端子连接。通过在形成有流路的功率半导体装置140的上部设置控制电路基板172和驱动电路基板174、在功率半导体装置140的下部设置电容器模块500,能够谋求电力转换装置200的小型化。
符号说明
10 上部壳体
12 框体
13 制冷剂入口部
14 制冷剂出口部
16 下部壳体
21 连接器
136 电池
140 功率半导体装置
159 金属块
172 控制电路基板
174 驱动电路基板
180 电流传感器
200 电力转换装置
300 功率半导体单元
315B 正极侧的直流端子
319B 负极侧的直流端子
320B 交流端子
325U 上臂栅极信号端子
325L 下臂栅极信号端子
325S 温度感测信号端子
325C 集电极感测信号端子
600 第1端子
601 第2端子
603 密封材料
604 中间部
605 第1流路形成部
606 突出部
612 固定部
613 冷却路径
800 散热鳍片
803 第1基座部
804 第2基座部
810 集电极侧基板
820 发射极侧基板
830 引线框
831 引线框
832 连杆
851 树脂薄膜
860 半导体元件
1003 流路盖。
Claims (3)
1.一种功率半导体装置,该功率半导体装置的特征在于,具备:
多个半导体元件;
第1端子及第2端子,所述第1端子及第2端子分别连接于不同的所述半导体元件,并向所述半导体元件传输电流;
第1基座及第2基座,所述第1基座及第2基座夹持所述第1端子的一部分、所述第2端子的一部分以及所述半导体元件且互相相对地配置;以及
密封材料,其被设置于所述第1基座与所述第2基座之间的空间内,
所述第2端子具有中间部,所述中间部以沿着从所述半导体元件离开的方向而与相对于所述半导体元件与该第2端子配置在同一侧的所述第1端子之间的距离变大的方式形成,
所述中间部设置于所述第1基座与所述第2基座之间且设置于所述密封材料内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功率半导体装置,其特征在于,
在从该第1基座与所述第2基座的排列方向观察的情况下,所述第1基座与该中间部重叠并且在所述密封材料的厚度方向上设置使制冷剂流动的第1流路形成部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的功率半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述功率半导体装置具有突出部,其与所述中间部相连接并且从所述密封材料突出,
所述中间部在从所述半导体元件至所述突出部为止之间内以与突出部不同的角度弯曲。
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