CN111584963B - A sorting method and device for cascade utilization of battery modules - Google Patents
A sorting method and device for cascade utilization of battery modules Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种梯次利用电池模组的分选方法及装置，解决了目前梯次利用电池模组分选时间过长，成本过高，同时不能兼顾电池不同性能的测试问题。包括：测量每个所述电池单体的开路电压和电池模组的总电压，根据所述开路电压筛选出第一批能够进行梯次利用的电池模组，并根据所述电池模组的总电压和所述第一批能够进行梯次利用的电池模组的所述开路电压筛选出第二批能够进行梯次利用的电池模组；在第二批能够进行梯次利用的电池模组中利用动态电压测试方法筛选出第三批能够进行梯次利用的电池模组，并根据动态电压对所述第三批能够进行梯次利用的电池模组进行分组；以及在第三批能够进行梯次利用的电池模组中利用不同频率阻抗值测试方法筛选出第四批能够进行梯次利用的电池模组，根据不同频率下的阻抗值对所述第四批能够进行梯度利用的电池模组进行分组。The invention provides a sorting method and device for battery modules of cascade utilization, which solves the problems that the sorting time of battery modules of cascade utilization is too long, the cost is too high, and the testing problems of different performances of batteries cannot be taken into account at the same time. Including: measuring the open circuit voltage of each of the battery cells and the total voltage of the battery modules, screening out the first batch of battery modules that can be used in cascade according to the open circuit voltage, and according to the total voltage of the battery modules and the open-circuit voltage of the first batch of battery modules capable of cascade utilization, screen out the second batch of battery modules capable of cascade utilization; use dynamic voltage test in the second batch of battery modules capable of cascade utilization The method selects the third batch of battery modules capable of cascade utilization, and groups the third batch of battery modules capable of cascade utilization according to the dynamic voltage; and among the third batch of battery modules capable of cascade utilization The fourth batch of battery modules capable of gradient utilization is screened out by using the impedance value test method at different frequencies, and the fourth batch of battery modules capable of gradient utilization is grouped according to the impedance values at different frequencies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a method and a device for sorting battery modules by gradient utilization.
Background
From 2012 onwards, under the condition that national policies continuously support and technologies are continuously performed, new energy automobiles in China are rapidly developed, and new energy automobiles are sold in 2018 and 2019 by more than 120 ten thousand. The loading capacity of the matched power battery is also increased at a high speed, the loading capacity of the power battery exceeds 50GWH in 2018, and the loading capacity of the power battery exceeds 60GWH in 2019. The performance of the power battery is continuously degraded in the long-term use process, and the performance difference between batteries is larger and larger. When the performance of the new energy automobile can not meet the application requirements of the new energy automobile, the new energy automobile can be retired, and the retirement amount of the power battery can be rapidly increased in the coming years. Many of these retired batteries also have a high residual energy, with the potential value of echelon utilization.
Compared with new batteries, the performance difference between the retired power batteries is obviously increased, and the consistency is obviously reduced, so that the retired power batteries need to be reclassified before the echelon utilization, and better consistency and performance are ensured in the echelon utilization process. Power battery is advanced the series-parallel connection of a certain amount before on-vehicle use to the mode of battery module is used, consequently, to the echelon utilization, if can directly use with the mode of battery module, not carrying out the battery module disassemble and disassemble the reorganization of sorting back battery, can reduce the cost of echelon utilization process by a wide margin. For the evaluation of the battery module, the conventional method is to perform complete charging and discharging to obtain the capacity of the battery module, although the method can accurately obtain the capacity of the battery module, the evaluation time is long (several hours to more than ten hours), and meanwhile, the content analysis on the consistency of voltage and internal resistance between monomers in the battery module, the firmness of connection and the like is insufficient, so that the state of the battery module cannot be accurately mastered, and therefore, the method cannot be popularized and applied in engineering. Therefore, for the battery used in the echelon, a rapid sorting method and a rapid sorting device need to be developed, so that the sorting time of the battery module used in the echelon is shortened, the consistency of voltage and impedance among the cells in the battery module is considered for sorting, and a guarantee is provided for the battery module used in the echelon with better performance.
The invention discloses a quick method and a quick device for a battery module aiming at the echelon utilization of the battery module, which can complete the analysis of the capacity and the impedance of the echelon utilization of the battery module, the voltage, the impedance and the consistency of monomers in the module within 15 minutes, and realize the quick sorting of the echelon utilization of the battery module on the basis.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for sorting battery modules in a echelon, which solve the problems that the current battery modules in a echelon have too long sorting time and too high cost, and cannot give consideration to the testing of different performances of batteries.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for sorting battery modules by echelon utilization, including: measuring the open-circuit voltage of each single battery and the total voltage of the battery modules, screening a first batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon mode according to the open-circuit voltage, and screening a second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode according to the total voltage of the battery modules and the open-circuit voltage of the first batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode; screening a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon manner from the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon manner by using a dynamic voltage testing method, and grouping the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon manner according to dynamic voltage; and screening a fourth batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon by using different-frequency impedance value testing methods in the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon, and grouping the fourth batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon according to impedance values under different frequencies.
In one embodiment, the measuring of the open-circuit voltage of each battery cell and the total voltage of the battery module, screening a first group of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon according to the open-circuit voltage, and screening a second group of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon according to the total voltage of the battery modules and the open-circuit voltage of the first group of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon, includes: measuring the open-circuit voltage of each battery cell and the total voltage of the battery module; comparing the open-circuit voltage with a first preset range, and screening out a first batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon mode and a first batch of battery modules incapable of being used in the echelon mode; calculating the absolute value of the difference between the sum of the open-circuit voltages of each battery cell in the first battery module capable of being used in the echelon and the total voltage of the battery module; comparing the absolute value with the second preset range in the first batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process, and screening out a second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process; and grouping the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon according to the number of the battery monomers in the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon and the total voltage of the battery modules.
In one embodiment, the first preset range is 2.5V or more, or 3.6V or less, or 3.0V or more, or 4.15V or less; and/or the second preset range is less than or equal to 10 mV.
In one embodiment, the screening out, by using a dynamic voltage testing method, a third batch of battery modules that can be used in a echelon process from the second batch of battery modules that can be used in a echelon process, and grouping the third batch of battery modules that can be used in a echelon process according to dynamic voltages includes: charging or discharging the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon within a preset range, recording voltages of the charging or discharging start and end times of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon, and obtaining absolute values of voltage change values of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon according to the voltages of the charging or discharging start and end times of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon; calculating the average value of the absolute values of the voltage change values of all the second battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode; obtaining a ratio of the absolute value of the voltage change to the average value according to the absolute value of the voltage change of the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon and the average value of the absolute value of the voltage change of the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon; comparing the ratio of the absolute value of the voltage change to the average value with a third preset range, and screening out a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a gradient manner; and sorting the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a gradient manner according to the absolute value of the voltage change value of the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a gradient manner.
In one embodiment, the third predetermined range is 1.3 or less.
In one embodiment, the charging or discharging the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in a cascading manner within a preset range further includes: and judging whether the battery module is charged or discharged according to the ratio of the total voltage of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon and the number of the single batteries in the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon.
In one embodiment, the determining whether to charge or discharge the battery module according to a ratio of a total voltage of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon process to a number of battery cells in the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon process includes: discharging the battery cells of which the ratio of the total voltage of the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon process to the number of the battery cells in the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon process is greater than 3.25V or 3.70V; and/or charging the battery cells of which the ratio of the total voltage of the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon utilization to the number of the battery cells in the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon utilization is less than 3.25V or 3.70V.
In one embodiment, the screening out, by using a different-frequency impedance value testing method, a fourth batch of battery cells capable of being used in a echelon process from a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon process, and grouping the fourth batch of battery cells capable of being used in the echelon process according to impedance values at different frequencies includes: respectively selecting a frequency point in a plurality of different frequency bands, and respectively measuring the impedance values of the battery module at the frequency points; respectively calculating the average value of the impedance values of the plurality of battery modules at each frequency point; respectively calculating second ratios of the impedance values and the average value, and judging whether the battery module is subjected to echelon utilization or not according to the second ratios; and sorting the battery cells according to the impedance values of the battery cells at the frequencies.
In one embodiment, respectively calculating a second ratio of each impedance value to the average value, and determining whether the battery module performs echelon utilization according to the second ratio includes: at least one of the second ratios of the battery module at a plurality of frequency points is greater than 1.8, and the battery cells are not subjected to gradient utilization.
The utility model provides a battery module sorting unit is utilized to echelon, includes: the detection unit is configured to measure an open-circuit voltage of each battery cell, a first voltage of the battery cell at a charging or discharging starting moment, a second voltage of the battery cell at a charging or discharging ending moment, and impedance values of the battery cell at a frequency point selected from a plurality of different frequency bands; and the calculation unit is configured to compare the open-circuit voltage value with a first preset range to screen out a first batch of battery cells capable of being used in a gradient manner, screen out the first batch of battery cells capable of being used in the gradient manner according to the open-circuit voltage, screen out a second batch of battery cells capable of being used in the gradient manner in the first batch of battery cells capable of being used in the gradient manner by using a voltage change value test method, screen out a third batch of battery cells capable of being used in the gradient manner according to the voltage change value, and screen out the third batch of battery cells capable of being used in the gradient manner in the second batch of battery cells capable of being used in the gradient manner according to different frequency impedance values, and screen out the third.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for sorting echelon utilization battery modules, wherein the method for sorting echelon utilization battery modules comprises the following steps: measuring the open-circuit voltage of each battery monomer and the total voltage of the battery modules, screening out a first batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon mode according to the open-circuit voltage, and screening out a second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode according to the total voltage of the battery modules and the open-circuit voltage of the first batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode; screening out a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon from the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon by using a dynamic voltage testing method, and grouping the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon according to the dynamic voltage; screening a fourth batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process from the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process by using different frequency impedance value testing methods, and grouping the fourth batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process according to impedance values under different frequencies. According to the single open circuit voltage of battery in battery module and the module, the voltage change of battery module and the impedance value under different frequency points are utilized to echelon to utilize battery module to select separately in the charge-discharge process echelon, can accomplish the selection of battery module in 15 minutes, realized the quick selection of echelon utilization battery module, shortened the selection time that echelon utilized battery module by a wide margin to promote power battery echelon and utilize technical economy.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a sorting method for gradient-utilization battery modules according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a sorting method for gradient-based battery modules according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a sorting method for gradient-based battery modules according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a sorting method for gradient-based battery modules according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a gradient-utilization battery module sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a sorting method for gradient-utilization battery modules according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells, and the method for sorting the battery module by gradient includes:
step 01: measuring the open-circuit voltage of each battery monomer and the total voltage of the battery modules, screening out a first batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon mode according to the open-circuit voltage, and screening out a second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode according to the total voltage of the battery modules and the open-circuit voltage of the first batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode; the open circuit voltage refers to a terminal voltage of the battery in an open circuit state, which is equal to a difference between a positive electrode potential and a negative electrode potential of the battery when the battery is open-circuited (i.e., when no current passes through the two electrodes), and is represented by V. The echelon utilization refers to a continuous use process that a certain used product reaches the original design life and the function of the product is fully or partially recovered through other methods, and the process belongs to a basic same level or a degraded application mode. "ladder utilization" is conceptually substantially identical to "gradient utilization, ladder utilization, downgrade utilization," but cannot be considered a retrofit use.
Step 02: screening a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon manner from the second batch of battery monomers capable of being used in the echelon manner by using a dynamic voltage testing method, and grouping the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon manner according to the dynamic voltage;
step 03: screening a fourth batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process from the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process by using different frequency impedance value testing methods, and grouping the fourth batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process according to impedance values under different frequencies.
According to the single open circuit voltage of battery in battery module and the module, the voltage change of battery module and the impedance value under different frequency points are utilized to echelon to utilize battery module to select separately in the charge-discharge process echelon, can accomplish the selection of battery module in 15 minutes, realized the quick selection of echelon utilization battery module, shortened the selection time that echelon utilized battery module by a wide margin to promote power battery echelon and utilize technical economy.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a sorting method for gradient-based battery modules according to another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, measure the free open circuit voltage of every battery and the total voltage of battery module, screen out the battery module that first batch can carry out the echelon and utilize according to open circuit voltage to screen out the battery module that second batch can carry out the echelon and utilize according to the total voltage of battery module and the open circuit voltage of the battery module that first batch can carry out the echelon and utilize, include: step 011: the open circuit voltage of each battery cell and the total voltage of the battery module are measured.
Step 012: comparing the open-circuit voltage with a first preset range, and screening out a first batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon mode and a first batch of battery modules incapable of being used in the echelon mode;
step 013: calculating the absolute value of the difference between the sum of the open-circuit voltages of each battery cell in the first battery module capable of being used in the echelon and the total voltage of the battery module;
step 014: comparing the absolute value with the second preset range in the first batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process, and screening out a second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process;
step 015: and grouping the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon according to the number of the battery monomers in the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon and the total voltage of the battery modules.
The method for sorting the echelon utilization battery cells measures the total voltage of the echelon utilization battery module in an open circuit state and records the total voltage as Vm-ocv, measures the open circuit voltage of each battery cell connected in series in the battery module and records the open circuit voltage as V1-ocv, V2-ocv and … … Vn-ocv respectively, and n is the number of the battery cells connected in series in the battery module.
Firstly, judging whether the open-circuit voltage of each battery monomer is in a normal range: for a lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, the normal open circuit range of a battery monomer is 2.5-3.60V; for the ternary material/graphite system battery, the normal open circuit range of the single battery is 3.0-4.15V; if the open circuit voltage of the battery is out of the range, the battery is over-charged or over-discharged, and other abuses occur, and the battery module containing the battery cannot be directly used in a gradient manner, and the battery module is not selected during sorting.
Adding the voltage of each battery cell for the battery module with the open-circuit voltage of all the battery cells within the normal range, and then calculating the absolute value delta Vocv of the difference between the added value and the total voltage Vm-ocv of the battery module, namely:
ΔVocv＝|(V1-ocv+V2-ocv+……+Vn-ocv)-Vm-ocv|
in the open state, for a battery module having Δ Vocv greater than 10mV, there may be a case where the connection between the batteries is not firm or the batteries are disconnected, and such a battery module is not selected at the time of sorting.
And thirdly, sorting the battery modules with the open-circuit voltage and the delta Vocv of the battery monomers within a specified range according to the open-circuit voltage Vm-ocv, wherein the number of the battery monomers connected in series in the battery modules is n, n is a positive integer, and the value range is 2-24. For the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, when the Vm-ocv is within the range of 2.5-3.15, the pole difference between battery modules Vm-ocv is less than or equal to 0.08V n during sorting to form the same group; when Vm-ocv is within 3.15-3.35, the same group with the pole difference between battery modules Vm-ocv less than or equal to 0.025V is selected; when Vm-ocv is within the range of 3.35 n-3.60 n, the same group is formed by the difference between battery modules Vm-ocv when sorted being 0.04V n or less. For the ternary material/graphite system battery, when the Vm-ocv is in the range of 3.0-3.55-n, the pole difference between battery modules Vm-ocv is less than or equal to 0.06V-n when the battery modules are sorted, so that the battery modules are in the same group; when Vm-ocv is within 3.55 n-3.95 n, the same group is formed by the difference between battery modules Vm-ocv when sorting is less than or equal to 0.04V n; when Vm-ocv is within the range of 3.95 n-4.15 n, the same group is formed by the difference between battery modules Vm-ocv when sorted being 0.05V n or less.
It is understood that the first predetermined range is greater than or equal to 2.5V or less than or equal to 3.6V, or greater than or equal to 3.0V or less than or equal to 4.15V, the first predetermined range is not limited to greater than or equal to 2.5V or less than or equal to 3.6V, or greater than or equal to 3.0V or less than or equal to 4.15V, the numerical range of the first predetermined range can be set according to actual requirements, and the numerical range of the first predetermined range is not limited in the present invention.
It should be understood that the second predetermined range is 10mV or less, the second predetermined range is not limited to 10mV or less, the numerical range of the second predetermined range can be set according to actual requirements, and the present invention does not limit the numerical range of the second predetermined range.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a sorting method for gradient-based battery modules according to another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, screening out a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon manner from the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon manner by using a dynamic voltage testing method, and grouping the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon manner according to dynamic voltages includes:
step 021: charging or discharging the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon within a preset range, recording voltages of the charging or discharging start and end times of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon, and obtaining absolute values of voltage change values of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon according to the voltages of the charging or discharging start and end times of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon;
step 022: calculating the average value of the absolute values of the voltage change values of all the second battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode;
step 023: obtaining a ratio of the absolute value of the voltage change to the average value according to the absolute value of the voltage change of the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon and the average value of the absolute value of the voltage change of the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon;
and 024: comparing the ratio of the absolute value of the voltage change to the average value with a third preset range, and screening out a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a gradient manner; and
step 025: and sorting the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a gradient manner according to the absolute value of the voltage change value of the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a gradient manner.
And charging and discharging the battery module in the echelon utilization mode for 10min at the rate of 0.5C of the rated capacity of the battery module, and recording the voltage changes of the battery module and the battery monomer in the battery module.
Calculating an absolute value delta V of a difference value between a sum value of voltages of battery monomers in a battery module and a total voltage of the battery module at the same moment in a 10-min charging or discharging process, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
ΔV＝|(V1+V2+…Vi…+Vn)-Vm|
wherein Vi is the voltage of ith battery in the battery module (i 1, 2, the. When the Δ V is greater than 50mV, the battery cells in the battery module have large contact resistance, and the charging and discharging should be stopped first, and the connection between the battery cells should be checked and maintained until the Δ V is less than 50 mV.
Secondly, in the process of charging (discharging) for 10 minutes, the voltage of the charging or discharging initial moment of the rechargeable battery module is recorded as V1,
and the voltage value at the end time is V2, and the battery module voltage change value delta Vm in 10 minutes is calculated as follows:
ΔVm＝V1-V2
then, the absolute value of the voltage change value of the module is obtained to obtain | delta Vm |.
For the battery modules of which the open-circuit voltages meet the sorting conditions and which are charged and discharged, the average value | DeltaV | m-ave of the absolute values of the voltage changes of all the battery modules participating in the test is calculated,
|ΔV|m-ave＝(|ΔVm-1|+|ΔVm-2|+…|ΔVm-i|....+|ΔVm-k|)/k
and | Δ Vm-i | is the absolute value of the change of the charging or discharging voltage of the ith battery module in 10 minutes, and k is the number of the battery modules for charging or discharging.
And thirdly, calculating the ratio of the absolute value of the voltage change of each battery module in 10 minutes of charging and discharging to the average value | delta V | m-ave, and showing that the voltage change is fast in the charging and discharging process and the battery module capacity is low and does not carry out echelon utilization for the battery modules with the ratio being more than 1.3.
Sorting according to the absolute value | delta Vm | of the voltage change of the battery module in 10 minutes of charging (discharging), wherein the same group is formed in the way that the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the absolute value | delta Vm | of the voltage change of the battery module in the same energy storage unit is less than or equal to 8% of | delta Vm | ave, namely
|ΔVm|max-|ΔVm|min≤8％*|ΔVm|ave
It can be understood that the third preset range is less than or equal to 1.3, the numerical range of the third preset range can be set according to actual requirements, and the numerical range of the third preset range is not limited by the present invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in a preset range, the charging or discharging the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon manner further includes: and judging whether the battery module is charged or discharged according to the ratio of the total voltage of the battery modules which can be used in the second batch and the number of the single batteries in the battery modules which can be used in the second batch. Firstly, judging whether the open-circuit voltage of each single battery is in a normal range: for a lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, the normal open circuit range of a battery monomer is 2.5-3.60V; for a ternary material/graphite system battery, the normal open circuit range of a battery monomer is 3.0-4.15V; if the open-circuit voltage of the battery cell is not in the range, the battery cell is over-charged or over-discharged, and other abuses occur, the battery module containing the battery cell cannot be directly used in a gradient manner, and the battery module is not selected during sorting.
It can be understood that the total voltage of the battery module is compared with a third preset range, the single batteries are judged to be charged or discharged, and the single batteries with the ratio of the total voltage of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in a gradient manner to the number of the single batteries in the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the gradient manner is greater than 3.25V or 3.70V; and/or charging the battery monomers of which the ratio of the total voltage of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process to the number of the battery monomers in the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process is less than 3.25V or 3.70V, wherein for different types of batteries, the values of a third preset range are different and can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and the specific numerical value of the third preset range is not limited.
It can be understood that, screening out a fourth batch of battery cells capable of being used in a echelon manner by using a different-frequency impedance value testing method in a third batch of battery cells capable of being used in a echelon manner, and sorting according to impedance values of a plurality of battery cells under different frequencies includes:
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a sorting method for gradient-based battery modules according to another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, screening out a fourth batch of battery cells capable of being used in a echelon manner by using a different-frequency impedance value test method in a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon manner, and grouping the fourth batch of battery cells capable of being used in the echelon manner according to impedance values at different frequencies includes:
step 031: respectively selecting a frequency point in a plurality of different frequency bands, and respectively measuring the impedance values of the battery monomer at the frequency points;
step 032: and respectively calculating the average value of the impedance values of the plurality of battery modules at each frequency point.
Step 033: and respectively calculating a second ratio of each impedance value to the average value, and judging whether the battery module is used in echelon according to the second ratio.
Step 034: and sorting according to the impedance values of the plurality of battery cells at a plurality of frequencies.
Measuring the impedance value of the battery module in an open-circuit state, wherein the number of the measured frequency points is 5, and one frequency point is selected to test in the frequency ranges of 500-1500Hz, 30-120Hz, 3-15Hz, 0.2-1Hz and 0.02-0.1Hz, wherein the impedance values of the battery module at different frequency points are respectively marked as Rf1、Rf2、Rf3、Rf4And Rf5。
Calculating the average value of the impedance values of all the battery modules participating in sorting by utilizing the battery modules in all the steps, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
Rf1-ave＝(Rf1-1+Rf1-2+……+Rf1-i+……+Rf1-n)
Rf2-ave＝(Rf2-1+Rf2-2+……+Rf2-i+……+Rf2-n)
Rf3-ave＝(Rf3-1+Rf3-2+……+Rf3-i+……+Rf3-n)
Rf4-ave＝(Rf4-1+Rf4-2+……+Rf4-i+……+Rf4-n)
Rf5-ave＝(Rf5-1+Rf5-2+……+Rf5-i+……+Rf5-n)
wherein R isf1-ave、Rf2-ave、Rf3-ave、Rf4-ave、Rf5-aveRespectively, the average value of the impedance values of all the battery modules participating in the sorting at the frequency points 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, Rf1-i、Rf2-i、Rf3-i、Rf4-i、Rf5-iThe impedance values of the ith battery module at frequency points 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are respectively, and n is the number of the battery modules participating in sorting.
Calculating the ratio of the impedance value of each battery module at 5 frequency points to the average impedance value at the frequency points, namely Rf1-i/Rf1-ave、Rf2-i/Rf2-ave、Rf3-i/Rf3-ave、Rf4-i/Rf4-aveAnd Rf5-i/Rf5-aveFor in Rf1-i/Rf1-aveAnd Rf2-i/Rf2-aveOne of the two ratios is greater than 2.0, or Rf3-i/Rf3-ave、Rf4-i/Rf4-aveAnd Rf5-i/Rf5-aveThree specific values have a battery module which is larger than 1.8, the impedance value is larger, and gradient utilization is not carried out.
And thirdly, sorting the battery modules according to the impedance values of the battery modules at 5 frequency points. Resistance values R at frequency points 1 and 2 for battery modulesf1-iAnd Rf2-iAnd the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the impedance values of the battery modules in the same energy storage unit is less than or equal to 20% of the average value at the frequency point, and the difference value is the same group, namely:
Rf1-max-Rf1-min≤20％*Rf1-ave
Rf2-max-Rf2-min≤20％*Rf2-ave
resistance values R at frequency points 3, 4 and 5 for the battery modulef3-i、Rf4-iAnd Rf5-iAnd the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the impedance values of the battery modules in the same energy storage unit is less than or equal to 16% of the average value at the frequency point, and the difference value is the same group, namely:
Rf3-max-Rf3-min≤16％*Rf3-ave
Rf4-max-Rf4-min≤16％*Rf4-ave
Rf5-max-Rf5-min≤16％*Rf5-ave
it can be understood that the second ratio of each impedance value to the average value is respectively calculated, and whether the battery module is used in a echelon mode is judged according to the second ratio, including: at least one of the second ratios of the battery module at the plurality of frequency points is greater than 1.8, and the battery cells are not used in a gradient manner. The second ratio of the different battery modules is various, and the specific range of the second ratio is not limited in the present invention.
According to the method, the voltage of the battery module and the voltage of the battery monomer in the standing and charging and discharging processes are tested and analyzed, the impedance value of the battery module under different frequencies is tested and analyzed, the open-circuit voltage, the dynamic voltage and the impedance of the battery module and the consistency of the single batteries in the module are evaluated, and the quick sorting of the power battery module by using the power battery module in a gradient manner is realized. By adopting the method, the battery modules can be sorted in 15 minutes in a gradient mode, the sorting cost of the battery modules in the gradient mode is greatly saved, and the technical economy of the battery gradient utilization is improved.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a gradient-utilization battery module sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, a battery module sorting apparatus for echelon use includes: the detection unit is configured to measure an open-circuit voltage of each battery cell, a first voltage of each battery cell at a charging or discharging starting moment, a second voltage of each battery cell at a charging or discharging ending moment, and impedance values of each battery cell at a frequency point selected from a plurality of different frequency bands; and the calculation unit is configured to compare the open-circuit voltage value with a first preset range to screen out a first batch of battery cells capable of being used in a gradient manner and sort the battery cells according to the open-circuit voltage, screen out a second batch of battery cells capable of being used in the gradient manner from the first batch of battery cells capable of being used in the gradient manner by using a voltage change value test method, screen out a third batch of battery cells capable of being used in the gradient manner according to a voltage change value and sort the battery cells according to a frequency impedance value from the second batch of battery cells capable of being used in the gradient manner by using different frequency impedance value test methods. The power battery suitable for being retired from the electric automobile comprises a charging and discharging module, a voltage testing, collecting and recording module, an impedance testing module and a communication module of a computer. The charge-discharge module can charge and discharge the battery module by utilizing the battery module in a gradient manner, and the charge-discharge mode is set through a program, so that the maximum charge-discharge current is 100A, and the current control precision is 0.1A. The voltage testing, collecting and recording module can simultaneously test the voltage of the battery module and the single battery in the module, and collects and records the voltage value in real time. The highest voltage value tested by the battery module is 100V, and the testing precision is 0.1V; the voltage test range of the single battery is 0-5V, and the test precision is 0.001V. The impedance test module can have 2 excitation modes, namely current excitation and voltage excitation, the maximum excitation current is 20A, the voltage range of the applicable battery module is 0-100V, and the frequency test range is 100kHz-0.001 Hz. The communication module CAN be connected with a computer through a communication line to realize real-time communication of test data, and the communication mode is not limited to RS485, CAN and Ethernet.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. A sorting method for a battery module by gradient utilization is characterized in that the battery module comprises a plurality of battery monomers, and the sorting method comprises the following steps:
measuring the open-circuit voltage of each single battery and the total voltage of the battery modules, screening a first batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon mode according to the open-circuit voltage, and screening a second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode according to the total voltage of the battery modules and the open-circuit voltage of the first batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode;
screening a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon manner from the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon manner by using a dynamic voltage testing method, and grouping the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon manner according to dynamic voltage; and
screening a fourth batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon mode from a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode by using different frequency impedance value testing methods, and grouping the fourth batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode according to impedance values under different frequencies;
measure every the free open circuit voltage of battery and the total voltage of battery module, according to open circuit voltage screens out the first battery module that can carry out the echelon and utilize, and according to the total voltage of battery module with the first battery module that can carry out the echelon and utilize of open circuit voltage screens out the second battery module that can carry out the echelon and utilize, include:
measuring the open-circuit voltage of each battery cell and the total voltage of the battery module;
comparing the open-circuit voltage with a first preset range, and screening out a first batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon mode and a first batch of battery modules incapable of being used in the echelon mode;
calculating the absolute value of the difference between the sum of the open-circuit voltages of each battery cell in the first battery module capable of being used in the echelon and the total voltage of the battery module;
comparing the absolute value with a second preset range in the first batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process, and screening out a second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process; and
and grouping the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon according to the number of the battery monomers in the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon and the total voltage of the battery modules.
2. The method for sorting battery modules by echelon utilization according to claim 1, wherein the first predetermined range is 2.5V or more, or 3.6V or less, or 3.0V or more, or 4.15V or less; and/or
The second preset range is less than or equal to 10 mV.
3. The method for sorting battery modules for echelon utilization according to claim 1, wherein the step of sorting the battery modules for echelon utilization from the second battery modules for echelon utilization by using a dynamic voltage testing method to sort the battery modules for echelon utilization from the third battery modules for echelon utilization and grouping the battery modules for echelon utilization according to the dynamic voltage comprises:
charging or discharging the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon within a preset range, recording voltages of the charging or discharging start and end times of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon, and obtaining absolute values of voltage change values of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon according to the voltages of the charging or discharging start and end times of the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon;
calculating the average value of the absolute values of the voltage change values of all the second battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode;
obtaining a ratio of the absolute value of the voltage change to the average value according to the absolute value of the voltage change of the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon and the average value of the absolute value of the voltage change of the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon;
comparing the ratio of the absolute value of the voltage change to the average value with a third preset range, and screening out a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a gradient manner; and
and sorting the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a gradient manner according to the absolute value of the voltage change value of the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a gradient manner.
4. The method for sorting battery modules by echelon utilization as set forth in claim 3, wherein the third predetermined range is 1.3 or less.
5. The method for sorting battery modules for echelon utilization according to claim 3, wherein the step of charging or discharging the second battery modules for echelon utilization within a predetermined range further comprises: and judging whether the battery module is charged or discharged according to the ratio of the total voltage of the battery modules which can be used in the second batch and the number of the single batteries in the battery modules which can be used in the second batch.
6. The method for sorting battery modules by gradient utilization according to claim 5, wherein the step of judging whether to charge or discharge the battery modules according to the ratio of the total voltage of the second battery modules capable of being used in the gradient to the number of the battery cells in the second battery modules capable of being used in the gradient comprises the steps of:
discharging the battery cells of which the ratio of the total voltage of the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon process to the number of the battery cells in the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon process is greater than 3.25V or 3.70V; and/or
And charging the battery cells of which the ratio of the total voltage of the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon process to the number of the battery cells in the second battery module capable of being used in the echelon process is less than 3.25V or 3.70V.
7. The method for sorting battery modules by gradient utilization according to claim 3, wherein the step of screening out a fourth batch of battery modules by using impedance value testing methods with different frequencies from a third batch of battery modules capable of being utilized by gradient utilization, and grouping the fourth batch of battery modules capable of being utilized by gradient according to impedance values with different frequencies comprises the following steps:
respectively selecting a frequency point in a plurality of different frequency bands, and respectively measuring the impedance values of the battery module at the frequency points;
respectively calculating the average value of the impedance values of the plurality of battery modules at each frequency point;
respectively calculating second ratios of the impedance values and the average value, and judging whether the battery module is subjected to echelon utilization or not according to the second ratios; and
and sorting according to the impedance values of the plurality of battery modules at the plurality of frequencies.
8. The method for sorting battery modules by gradient utilization according to claim 7, wherein a second ratio of each impedance value to the average value is calculated, and whether the battery modules are utilized in a gradient manner is judged according to the second ratio comprises: at least one of the second ratios of the battery modules at a plurality of frequency points is greater than 1.8, and the battery modules are not subjected to echelon utilization.
9. The utility model provides a battery module sorting unit is utilized to echelon which characterized in that includes:
the detection unit is configured to measure the open-circuit voltage of each battery cell, the total voltage of the battery module and the impedance value of each battery cell at a frequency point selected by a plurality of different frequency bands; and
a computing unit configured to: comparing the open-circuit voltage value with a first preset range, and screening out a first batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon mode and a first batch of battery modules incapable of being used in the echelon mode; calculating the absolute value of the difference between the sum of the open-circuit voltages of each battery cell in the first battery module capable of being used in the echelon and the total voltage of the battery module; comparing the absolute value with the second preset range in the first batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process, and screening out a second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon process; grouping the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode according to the number of battery monomers in the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon mode and the total voltage of the battery modules; screening a third batch of battery modules capable of being used in a echelon manner from the second batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon manner by using a dynamic voltage testing method, and grouping the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon manner according to dynamic voltage; and screening a fourth batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon by using different-frequency impedance value testing methods in the third batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon, and grouping the fourth batch of battery modules capable of being used in the echelon according to impedance values under different frequencies.
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