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CN111567334A - Passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling viral disease transmission - Google Patents

Passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling viral disease transmission Download PDF

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CN111567334A
CN111567334A CN202010423998.1A CN202010423998A CN111567334A CN 111567334 A CN111567334 A CN 111567334A CN 202010423998 A CN202010423998 A CN 202010423998A CN 111567334 A CN111567334 A CN 111567334A
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net room
passion fruit
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steel pipe
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苏伟强
王小媚
董龙
蔡昭艳
邱文武
方位宽
任惠
刘业强
黄章保
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protection of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/27Pulp, e.g. bagasse
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility

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Abstract

The invention discloses a passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling viral disease transmission, which belongs to the technical field of passion fruit cultivation and comprises the steps of garden construction, soil preparation, variety seedling selection, planting, net rack building, pruning, fertilization management, water management, pollination method and pest control. The virus-free healthy seedling net room cultivation technology can effectively prevent aphid-mediated plant infection virus diseases, prolong the production fruiting period, and promote the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement of the passion fruit industry, and has popularization and application values.

Description

Passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling viral disease transmission
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of passion fruit planting, and particularly relates to a passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling spread of virus diseases.
Background
The passion fruit is a fruit with high economic value, can be eaten fresh, can also be processed into fruit juice, is favored by global consumers due to strong special aroma, and is always in short supply in the markets at home and abroad. In the last decade, passion fruit has become a popular fruit tree which is preferentially developed in countries in southeast Asia, and the cultivation area is continuously increased. In 2018, the cultivation area of the Guangxi passion fruit is 35.2 ten thousand mu, the area is the first place in the country, and the passion fruit planting is an effective way for farmers to get rid of poverty and get rich in the poor areas of Guangxi.
At present, the main problems restricting the continuous development of the Guangxi passion fruit industry are passion fruit virus disease and stem rot, wherein the passion fruit virus disease can be solved only by planting virus-free seedlings and establishing an effective comprehensive prevention and control system technology due to poor medicament prevention and control effect. Previous studies have shown that there are approximately 22 types of viruses that can infect passion fruit, of which there are 6 types that are more harmful to production, including the east asian passion fruit virus, the passion fruit mottle virus, the evening primrose virus, the cucumber mosaic virus, the christmas red leaf curl virus, and the papaya leaf curl virus. After the passion fruit is infected with virus, the leaves can generate mosaic lines or spot, the growth of passion fruit plants is influenced, and the fruits are atrophied and hardened, the cavities of the fruits are reduced, the juice is reduced, and the yield and the quality are reduced.
The passion fruit virus disease is mainly transmitted through insect vectors such as seedlings and aphids. As viruses and hosts are abundant in passion fruit production areas and aphids generally exist, once infected plants exist in a plantation, the viruses can be rapidly spread, generally, the viruses can be generally spread in the whole orchard within less than 6 months, so that the growth of the plants is seriously influenced, the yield is low, the quality is poor, the income is reduced, and the development of the passion fruit industry is seriously influenced.
On the basis of establishing a virus-free seedling breeding production base of passion fruit by using a passion fruit virus detection technology, a passion fruit net room cultivation method capable of preventing and controlling aphids from the source is designed, so that the infection of plants with virus diseases is effectively avoided, the production period is prolonged, and the quality and efficiency of the passion fruit industry are improved.
A virus-free healthy seedling net room cultivation test of the passion fruit is developed, a set of virus-free healthy seedling net room cultivation technology which can effectively prevent and control the spread of virus diseases, prolong the production result period and promote the quality improvement and the efficiency improvement of the passion fruit industry is summarized, and the method has popularization and application values.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling the spread of the virus diseases, which can effectively avoid the virus diseases from being spread by aphid vectors, prolong the fruiting period of production, improve the yield and the quality, has obvious economic benefit and has popularization and application values.
The invention provides the following technical method for achieving the aim:
a passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling virus disease transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: removing weed sundries in the garden 1-2 months before planting, digging trapezoidal ridges with the height of 0.2-0.25 m and the width of 1.1-1.2 m after the whole garden is ploughed and solarized for more than 15d, digging planting holes with the length, the width and the depth of 0.5-0.6 m on the ridges, applying base fertilizer to each hole, and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and surface soil to prepare a planting pier with the height of 10-15 cm higher than the ground;
(2) constructing a net and a frame: building a net room shed before planting, and building a three-wire shed frame in the net room shed;
the net room shed building method comprises the following steps: an outward inclined outer steel pipe is arranged in parallel at each 3m interval on the periphery of the net room, the outer diameter of the outer steel pipe is 60mm, the length of the outer steel pipe is 400-420 cm, a cross groove is formed in the top end of the outer steel pipe, the width of the groove is 1-2 cm, the depth of the groove is 1-2 cm, 80-90 cm of the bottom of each outer steel pipe is buried in the soil, and the vertical height of the top end of each outer steel pipe from the ground is 320-340 cm; vertically embedding an inner steel pipe with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 400-420 cm at every 6m in the net room, wherein the top end of the inner steel pipe is provided with a cross-shaped groove, the width of the groove is 1-2 cm, the depth of the groove is 1-2 cm, and the height of the top end of the inner steel pipe from the ground is consistent with that of the outer steel pipe; embedding the inner steel pipe and the outer steel pipe into a cross groove at the top end of the steel pipes at the transverse and longitudinal intersection positions by using a stainless steel rope, tensioning, and covering a 32-40-mesh insect-proof net after a net chamber shed is formed;
the three-wire type shed frame building method comprises the following steps: correspondingly planting row positions in the net room shed, and obliquely erecting steel pipes with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 250-260 cm outwards at the positions with the row interval of 3m, burying the steel pipes into soil, enabling the vertical height of the top ends of the steel pipes to be 180-190 cm away from the ground, and embedding the steel pipes into cross grooves at the top ends of the steel pipes by stainless steel ropes along the direction parallel to the ridge surface to form a three-wire main line; vertically embedding steel pipes with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 250cm at intervals of 4m in each ridge planting row, forming a cross groove at the top end to ensure that the vertical height of the top end of each pipe from the ground is 180-190 cm, and longitudinally pulling two steel ropes parallel to the main line at the positions of two sides of the main line and the interval of 40-50 cm from the main line by using stainless steel ropes to form a three-wire frame;
(3) planting: the planting period is 2-4 months in spring or 9-11 months in autumn; digging planting holes at planting positions during planting, taking out grafted seedlings from a planting bag, putting the grafted seedlings into the planting holes together with soil, filling the soil to be 2-3 cm higher than ridge surfaces, compacting, finishing tree trays, and pouring enough root fixing water;
(4) fertilization management: after 10 days after the field planting and before the branches and tendrils are put on the shelf, spraying potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.3-0.5 percent for 1 time at intervals of 7-10 days; when the branches of the plants are too long and the leaves are thin, spraying 0.2-0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves for 2-3 times, wherein the interval is 7-10 days each time;
after branches are erected and before flowering, respectively opening parallel ditches 1cm long and 5cm deep and 15-20 cm wide at positions 30cm away from the two sides of the plants, applying 0.22-0.25 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.15-0.2 kg of potassium sulfate to each plant, covering surface soil after applying, and selecting fertilization after rain or irrigating and sprinkling water after fertilization;
spraying 0.2% boric acid and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surface for 1 time in bud stage and young fruit stage respectively;
after flowering, 0.3-0.4 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.15-0.2 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each plant in the parallel ditches until young fruit period;
(5) pollination, namely raising beehives in a net room and assisting by artificial pollination; the beehive is placed in a net room 10-15 days before passion fruit blooms, one beehive is arranged in each 2 mu of cultivation area, Italian bees or Chinese bees are raised, and 3 spleens are arranged in each beehive.
Further, before land preparation, facilities of a garden are built, the facilities are divided into square areas according to terrain and topography, inter-area roads and in-area sidewalks are built, the net room shed is built in the square areas, flood discharge ditches with the depth of 0.6-0.8 m are dug in the periphery of the net room shed, and a plurality of drainage ditches with the width of 0.3-0.4 m and the depth of 0.3-0.4 m are arranged in the net room shed and connected with the flood discharge ditches.
Further, the base fertilizer comprises 5kg to 8kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg to 1.0 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Further, 2-3 cm of mixed matrix is filled at the bottom of the planting hole, and the mixed matrix is obtained by mixing gravel, decomposed bagasse and burnt soil according to the mass ratio of 3-5: 2-3: 1.
Further, the passion fruit is selected from the variety of the passion fruit with good flower affinity, good high yield and strong resistance; the grafted seedling is a healthy seedling which is free of virus, has a developed root system and is 50-80 cm high, and has 3-5 complete leaves, the height of a stock is 18-20 cm, and a scion has a new tip.
Furthermore, during planting, the grafted seedlings are planted according to the plant row spacing of 1.5-2 m multiplied by 3m, and the planting density is 110-150 plants per mu.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: supplying water in time in the seedling stage and the fruit expanding stage, and thoroughly spraying 1 time of water at intervals of 7-15 days; stopping water spraying within 20 days before the fruit is ripe; drainage is carried out in time in rainy season.
Further, the dimensions of the beehive are selected to be length x width x height: 46-50 cm × 30-36 cm × 26-30 cm; the artificial pollination method comprises the steps of collecting pollen when the anther is cracked, or cutting off the flower 2-4 hours before the anther is cracked and placing the flower in a wet box, collecting pollen after the anther is cracked, and dipping the pollen by a writing brush and uniformly smearing the pollen on a column head.
Further, the pruning method comprises the following steps: after planting, inserting auxiliary rods with the height of 180-190 cm beside the seedlings, inducing the main vines to be put on a shelf, and picking off the side buds of the main vines when the side buds grow to 3-5 cm in a sunny day; 2 lateral buds in different directions are reserved after the main vines are erected, when the main vines grow to be 1.5-2.0 m and adjacent branch tips are close to each other, lateral branch top buds are cut off, 1 second-stage vine is reserved on the first-stage vine at intervals of 20-25 cm, 1 third-stage vine is reserved on the second-stage vine at intervals of 20-25 cm, and the third-stage vines are cultured to serve as fruiting mother branches; and thinning and shearing the over-dense branches at any time, and shearing the overlong drooping branches at the position 30-35 cm away from the ground.
Further, the method comprises a pest control method: spraying 1000 times of liquid of 50% wettable powder in the initial stage of anthracnose attack, and spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of 50% dimethomorph in the initial stage of epidemic disease attack at intervals of 7-10 days for 2-3 times; the tetranychus is sprayed and killed by using 2000-2500 times of 1.8% abamectin missible oil or 1500-2000 times of 20% pyridaben wettable powder when local emergence occurs, and the pesticide is applied alternately.
N: P in the compound fertilizer used by the invention2O5:K2O is 15:15: 15.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the passion fruit cultivation method, the base fertilizer and the mixed matrix are added into the planting holes, the nutrient elements in the base fertilizer are rich, the growth requirement of passion fruit in the growth period is met, the growth of plants can be promoted, and the balanced absorption of nutrients is improved; the mixed matrix obtained by gravel, decomposed bagasse and burnt soil is placed at the bottom of the planting hole, so that the passion fruit planting hole can be dry and breathable, water accumulation can be avoided, and basal rot can be prevented.
2. The net house shed is erected before planting, the three-wire shed frame is erected in the net house shed, aphid pests can be effectively resisted by planting in the net house shed, aphid vectors are prevented from spreading and infecting virus diseases, the production period is prolonged, the yield per mu is measured to be about 2450kg on site, the commodity rate of high-quality fruits reaches over 90 percent, the yield value is 2.4 ten thousand yuan, the cost of the outer shed frame and the insect-proof net facility is increased by 0.6 thousand yuan per mu, the income of farmers can be increased on the basis of the recovery cost, and the net house shed has wide application prospect.
3. The invention also provides a set of complete planting method formed by matching pruning, fertilizer and water management, pollination technology and pest control technology of net room cultivation, reasonable pruning can promote plant growth, and prevent redundant branches from shading, so that fruits are mature. Meanwhile, reasonable fertilization including topdressing of root fertilizer or leaf fertilizer is carried out at different growth periods of the passion fruit, so that nutrient elements necessary for growth of branches and fruits are guaranteed, and the quality and the yield of the fruits are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a picture of a framework construction situation of the net room.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a real object after the net room of the present invention is covered with the insect-proof net.
Fig. 3 is a photograph of a passion fruit growing on a shelf.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of the inside of the net room after the passion fruit of the invention grows up.
Fig. 5 is a photograph of the exterior of the chamber after the passion fruit of the invention has grown.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples in order that the advantages and features of the present invention may be more readily understood, but the scope of the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling virus disease transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) building garden facilities, dividing the garden facilities into square areas according to terrain and relief in 2017, building inter-area roads and in-area sidewalks, building a net house shed in the square areas, digging flood discharge ditches with the depth of 0.6m and the width of 0.6m around the net house shed, and arranging a plurality of drainage ditches with the width of 0.3m and the depth of 0.3m in the net house shed and connecting the drainage ditches with the flood discharge ditches;
(2) land preparation: removing weed sundries in the garden 1-2 months before planting, digging a trapezoidal ridge with the height of 0.2m and the width of 1.1m after the whole garden is ploughed and solarized for more than 15d, digging planting holes with the length, the width and the depth of 0.5m on the ridge, applying base fertilizer to each hole, and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and surface soil to prepare a planting pier which is 10cm higher than the ground; the base fertilizer comprises 5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; 2cm of mixed matrix is filled at the bottom of the planting hole, and the mixed matrix is obtained by mixing gravel, decomposed bagasse and burnt soil according to the mass ratio of 3:2: 1;
(3) constructing a net and a frame: building a net room shed before planting, and building a three-wire shed frame in the net room shed;
the net room shed building method comprises the following steps: outwards inclined outer steel pipes are arranged in parallel at intervals of 3m at the periphery of the net room, the outer diameter of each outer steel pipe is 60mm, the length of each outer steel pipe is 400cm, a cross groove is formed in the top end of each outer steel pipe, the width of each groove is 1cm, the depth of each groove is 1cm, 80cm of the bottom of each outer steel pipe is buried in soil, and the vertical height of the top end of each outer steel pipe from the ground is 320 cm; vertically embedding an inner steel pipe with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 400cm at every 6m in the net room, wherein the top end of the inner steel pipe is provided with a cross groove, the width of the cross groove is 1cm, the depth of the cross groove is 1cm, and the height of the top end of the inner steel pipe from the ground is consistent with that of the outer steel pipe; embedding stainless steel cables between the inner steel pipe and the outer steel pipe into a cross groove at the top end of the steel pipes at the transverse and longitudinal intersection positions, tensioning, and covering a 32-mesh insect-proof net after a net house shed is formed (shown in figure 1) (shown in figure 2);
the three-wire type shed frame building method comprises the following steps: correspondingly planting row positions in the net room shed, and obliquely erecting steel pipes with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 250cm outwards at the positions with the row interval of 3m, burying the steel pipes into soil, enabling the top ends of the steel pipes to be 180cm away from the ground, and embedding the stainless steel ropes into cross grooves at the top ends of the steel pipes along the direction parallel to the ridge surface to form a three-wire main line; vertically embedding steel pipes with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 250cm at intervals of 4m in each ridge planting line, forming a cross groove at the top end to ensure that the top end of each pipe is 180cm away from the ground, and longitudinally drawing two steel ropes parallel to the main line at the positions of two sides of the main line and the main line at intervals of 40cm by using stainless steel ropes to form a three-wire rack;
(4) planting: the planting period is 2-4 months in spring or 9-11 months in autumn; the passion fruit is selected from the variety of the passion fruit with good flower affinity, good yielding property and strong resistance; the grafted seedling is a healthy seedling which is free of virus, has a developed root system and is 50cm high, and has 3-5 complete leaves, the height of a stock is 1cm, and a scion has a new tip; digging planting holes at planting positions, taking out grafted seedlings from a planting bag, putting the grafted seedlings into the planting holes together with soil according to the row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, filling the soil 2cm higher than the ridge surface, compacting, trimming tree trays, and watering sufficient rooting water; the planting density is 110 plants per mu;
(5) fertilization management: spraying potassium nitrate solution with concentration of 0.3% for 1 time at interval of 7 days after the field planting and before the branches and tendrils are put on the shelf; when the internodes of the branches of the plants are too long and the leaves are thin, spraying 0.2 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves for 2 times, wherein the interval is 7 days each time;
after branches are erected and before flowering (as shown in fig. 3), 1 parallel ditch with the length of 5cm, the depth and the width of 15cm is respectively opened at the position 30cm away from the two sides of the plants, 0.22 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.15 kg of potassium sulfate are fertilized into each plant, surface soil is covered after the fertilization, and the fertilization time is selected for fertilization after rain or irrigation and sprinkling after the fertilization;
spraying 0.2% boric acid and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surface for 1 time in bud stage and young fruit stage respectively;
after the flowers are withered, 0.3 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.15 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each plant in the parallel ditches from the young fruit period;
(6) pollination, namely raising beehives in a net room and assisting by artificial pollination; the beehive is placed in a net room 10 days before passion fruit blooms, one beehive is arranged in each 2 mu of cultivation area for feeding Italian bees or Chinese bees, and each beehive has 3 spleens; the dimensions of the beehive are selected from the following dimensions: 46cm × 30cm × 26 cm; the artificial pollination method comprises the steps of collecting pollen when the anther is cracked, or cutting off flowers 2hh before the anther is cracked and placing the flowers in a wet box, collecting pollen after the anther is cracked, dipping the pollen by a writing brush and uniformly coating the pollen on a column head;
(7) water content management: supplying water in time at seedling stage and fruit expansion stage, and thoroughly spraying 1 time of water every 7 d; stopping water spraying within 20 days before fruit ripening; draining water in time in rainy season;
(8) pruning and trimming methods: after planting, inserting auxiliary rods with the height of 180cm beside the seedlings, inducing the main vines to be put on shelves, and picking off the side buds of the main vines when the side buds grow to 3cm in a sunny day; keeping 2 lateral buds in different directions after the main vines are put on shelves, cutting off the top ends of the lateral branches when the lateral buds grow to 1.5mm, keeping 1 second-stage vine on the first-stage vine every 20cm, keeping 1 third-stage vine on the second-stage vine every 20cm, and culturing the third-stage vines to serve as fruiting mother branches; thinning and shearing excessive dense branches at any time, and shearing overlong drooping branches at a position 30cm away from the ground (as shown in figures 4 and 5);
(9) the pest and disease prevention and control method comprises the following steps: spraying 1000 times of 50% wettable powder in the initial stage of anthracnose, spraying 1000 times of 50% dimethomorph in the initial stage of epidemic disease at an interval of 7dd for 2 times; the tetranychus is sprayed with 2000 times of 1.8 percent abamectin missible oil solution or 1500 times of 20 percent pyridaben wettable powder solution when local emergence occurs, and the pesticide is used alternately.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: the net room shed and the three-wire shed frame are not erected.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: the mixed matrix is not added in the planting holes, and equal amount of compound fertilizer is applied instead at each period in the fertilization management.
Plant comparison
The project is implemented from 2017, the test field planting verification is respectively carried out on the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-2, the co-cultivation area is 2 hectares until the result is obtained, the morbidity in the total planting period is counted, and the annual average data of the second year of the result is recorded. First, the fruit yield and economy of each cultivation method are checked, and the recorded results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 fruit yield per mu and economic accounting table thereof
Figure BDA0002497999480000061
As can be seen from the table 1, the occurrence of aphids is effectively prevented and reduced by adopting the net room cultivation method, the morbidity of the passion fruit virus disease is zero, and meanwhile, the fruit condition and the economic benefit of the cultivation method in the embodiment 1 are both greater than those of the comparative examples 1-2, so that the net room facility cultivation can effectively avoid the infection of the virus disease by the transmission of the aphid vector, prolong the production result period, and the net room cultivation method can improve the fruit yield and quality and improve the per mu yield of growers.
Example 2
A passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling virus disease transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) building garden facilities, dividing the garden facilities into square areas according to the terrain and the topography, building inter-area roads and in-area sidewalks, building net-room sheds in the square areas, digging flood discharge ditches with the depth of 0.8m and the width of 0.8m around the net-room sheds, and arranging a plurality of drainage ditches with the width of 0.3m and the depth of 0.3m in the net-room sheds and connecting the drainage ditches with the flood discharge ditches;
(2) land preparation: removing weed sundries in the garden 1-2 months before planting, digging a trapezoidal ridge with the height of 0.25m and the width of 1.2m after the whole garden is ploughed and solarized for more than 15d, digging planting holes with the length, the width and the depth of 0.6m on the ridge, applying base fertilizer to each hole, and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and surface soil to prepare a planting pier 15cm higher than the ground; the base fertilizer comprises 8kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1.0 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; a mixed matrix of 3cm is filled at the bottom of the planting hole, and the mixed matrix is obtained by mixing gravel, decomposed bagasse and burnt soil according to the mass ratio of 5:3: 1;
(3) constructing a net and a frame: building a net room shed before planting, and building a three-wire shed frame in the net room shed;
the net room shed building method comprises the following steps: outwards inclined outer steel pipes are arranged in parallel at intervals of 3m at the periphery of the net room, the outer diameter of each outer steel pipe is 60mm, the length of each outer steel pipe is 420cm, a cross groove is formed in the top end of each outer steel pipe, the width of each groove is 2cm, the depth of each groove is 2cm, 90cm of the bottom of each outer steel pipe is buried in the soil, and the vertical height of the top end of each outer steel pipe to the ground is 340 cm; vertically embedding an inner steel pipe with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 420cm at every 6m in the net room, wherein the top end of the inner steel pipe is provided with a cross groove, the width and the depth of the cross groove are 2cm and 2cm, and the height of the top end of the inner steel pipe from the ground is consistent with that of the outer steel pipe; embedding the inner steel pipe and the outer steel pipe into a cross groove at the top end of the steel pipes at the transverse and longitudinal intersection positions by using a stainless steel rope, tensioning, and covering a 40-mesh insect-proof net after a net chamber shed is formed;
the three-wire type shed frame building method comprises the following steps: correspondingly planting row positions in the net room shed, and obliquely erecting steel pipes with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 260cm outwards at the positions with the row interval of 3m, burying the steel pipes into soil, enabling the vertical height of the top ends of the steel pipes to be 190cm away from the ground, and embedding the stainless steel ropes into cross grooves at the top ends of the steel pipes along the direction parallel to the ridge surface to form a three-wire main line; vertically embedding steel pipes with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 250cm at intervals of 4m in each ridge planting line, forming a cross groove at the top end to ensure that the vertical height of the top end of each pipe from the ground is 190cm, and longitudinally drawing two steel ropes parallel to the main line at the intervals of 50cm between the two sides of the main line and the main line by using stainless steel ropes to form a three-wire frame;
(4) planting: the planting period is 2-4 months in spring or 9-11 months in autumn; the passion fruit is selected from the variety of the passion fruit with good flower affinity, good yielding property and strong resistance; the grafted seedling is a healthy seedling which is free of virus, developed in root system and 80cm high, and has 3-5 complete leaves, the height of a stock is 20cm, and a scion has a new tip; digging planting holes at planting positions, taking out grafted seedlings from a planting bag, putting the grafted seedlings into the planting holes together with soil according to the row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 3m, filling the soil to be 3cm higher than the ridge surface, compacting, finishing tree trays, and watering sufficient rooting water; the planting density is 150 plants per mu;
(5) fertilization management: spraying potassium nitrate solution with concentration of 0.5% for 1 time at an interval of 10 days after field planting until branches and tendrils are put on the shelf; when the internodes of the branches of the plants are too long and the leaves are thin, spraying 0.4 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves for 3 times, wherein the interval is 10 days each time;
after branches are erected and before flowering, respectively opening 1 parallel ditch with the length of 5cm, the depth and the width of 20cm at a position 30cm away from the two sides of the plants, applying 0.25 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate to each plant, covering surface soil after applying, and applying fertilizer after rain or irrigating and watering after applying fertilizer;
spraying 0.2% boric acid and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surface for 1 time in bud stage and young fruit stage respectively;
after the flowers are withered, 0.4 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each plant in the parallel ditches from the young fruit period;
(6) pollination, namely raising beehives in a net room and assisting by artificial pollination; placing the beehive into a net room 15 days before the passion fruit blooms, arranging one beehive in each 2 mu of cultivation area, and feeding Italian bees or Chinese bees, wherein each beehive is 3 spleens; the dimensions of the beehive are selected from the following dimensions: 50cm × 36cm × 30 cm; the artificial pollination method comprises the steps of collecting pollen when anthers are cracked just, or cutting off flowers 4 hours before the anthers are cracked and placing the flowers in a wet box, collecting pollen after the anthers are cracked, dipping the pollen with a writing brush and uniformly coating the pollen on a column head;
(7) water content management: supplying water in time in seedling stage and fruit expansion stage, and thoroughly spraying 1 time of water every 15 d; stopping water spraying within 20 days before fruit ripening; draining water in time in rainy season;
(8) pruning and trimming methods: after planting, inserting auxiliary rods with the height of 190cm beside the seedlings, inducing the main vines to be put on shelves, and picking off the side buds of the main vines when the side buds grow to 5cm in a sunny day; keeping 2 lateral buds in different directions after the main vines are put on shelves, cutting off the top ends of the lateral branches when the lateral buds grow to 2.0m, keeping 1 second-stage vines on the first-stage vines at intervals of 25cm, keeping 1 third-stage vines on the second-stage vines at intervals of 25cm, and culturing the third-stage vines to serve as fruiting mother branches; thinning and shearing the dense branches at any time, and shearing overlong drooping branches 35cm away from the ground;
(9) the pest and disease prevention and control method comprises the following steps: spraying 1000 times of 50% wettable powder at the initial stage of anthracnose, and spraying 1500 times of 50% dimethomorph at the initial stage of epidemic disease at intervals of 10 days for 3 times; the tetranychus is sprayed with 2500 times of 1.8 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution or 2000 times of 20 percent pyridaben wettable powder when the tetranychus is locally applied, and the pesticide is applied alternately.
Example 3
A passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling virus disease transmission comprises the following steps:
(1) building garden facilities, dividing the garden facilities into square areas according to the terrain, building inter-area roads and in-area sidewalks, building net-room sheds in the square areas, digging flood discharge ditches with the depth of 0.7m and the width of 0.7m around the net-room sheds, and arranging a plurality of drainage ditches with the width of 0.35m and the depth of 0.35m in the net-room sheds and connecting the drainage ditches with the flood discharge ditches;
(2) land preparation: removing weed sundries in the garden 1-2 months before planting, digging a trapezoidal ridge with the height of 0.22m and the width of 1.15m after the whole garden is ploughed and solarized for more than 15d, digging planting holes with the length, the width and the depth of 0.55m on the ridge, applying base fertilizer to each hole, and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and surface soil to form a planting pier with the height of 12cm higher than the ground; the base fertilizer comprises 7kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.8 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; a mixed matrix of 2.5cm is filled at the bottom of the planting hole, and the mixed matrix is obtained by mixing gravel, decomposed bagasse and burnt soil according to the mass ratio of 4:2.5: 1;
(3) constructing a net and a frame: building a net room shed before planting, and building a three-wire shed frame in the net room shed;
the net room shed building method comprises the following steps: outwards inclined outer steel pipes are arranged in parallel at intervals of 3m at the periphery of the net room, the outer diameter of each outer steel pipe is 60mm, the length of each outer steel pipe is 410cm, a cross groove is formed in the top end of each outer steel pipe, the width of each groove is 1.5cm, the depth of each groove is 1.5cm, 85cm of the bottom of each outer steel pipe is buried in soil, and the vertical height of the top end of each outer steel pipe to the ground is 330 cm; vertically embedding an inner steel pipe with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 410cm at every 6m in the net room, wherein the top end of the inner steel pipe is provided with a cross groove, the width of the cross groove is 1.5cm, the depth of the cross groove is 1.5cm, and the height of the top end of the inner steel pipe from the ground is consistent with that of the outer steel pipe; embedding the inner steel pipe and the outer steel pipe into a cross groove at the top end of the steel pipes at the transverse and longitudinal intersection positions by using a stainless steel rope, tensioning, and covering a 36-mesh insect-proof net after a net chamber shed is formed;
the three-wire type shed frame building method comprises the following steps: correspondingly planting row positions in the net room shed, and obliquely erecting steel pipes with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 255cm outwards at the position of 3m intervals between rows, burying the steel pipes into soil, enabling the vertical height of the top ends of the steel pipes to be 185cm away from the ground, and embedding the stainless steel ropes into cross grooves at the top ends of the steel pipes along the direction parallel to the ridge surface to form a three-wire main line; vertically embedding steel pipes with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 250cm at intervals of 4m in each ridge planting line, forming a cross groove at the top end to ensure that the vertical height of the top end of each pipe from the ground is 185cm, and longitudinally pulling two steel ropes parallel to the main line at the intervals of 45cm between the two sides of the main line and the main line by using stainless steel ropes to form a three-wire frame;
(4) planting: the planting period is 2-4 months in spring or 9-11 months in autumn; the passion fruit is selected from the variety of the passion fruit with good flower affinity, good yielding property and strong resistance; the grafted seedling is a healthy seedling which is free of virus, has a developed root system and is 50-80 cm high, and has 3-5 complete leaves, the height of a stock is 19cm, and a scion has a new tip; digging planting holes at planting positions, taking out grafted seedlings from a planting bag, putting the grafted seedlings into the planting holes together with soil according to the row spacing of 1.8m multiplied by 3m, filling the soil 2.5cm higher than the ridge surface, compacting, finishing tree trays, and watering sufficient rooting water; the planting density is 120 plants per mu;
(5) fertilization management: spraying potassium nitrate solution with concentration of 0.4% for 1 time at an interval of 8 days after the field planting and before branches and tendrils are put on the shelf; when the internodes of the branches of the plants are too long and the leaves are thin, spraying 0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves for 3 times, and every time at intervals of 9 days;
after branches are erected and before flowering, respectively opening 1 parallel ditch with the length of 5cm, the depth and the width of 18 cm at a position 30cm away from the two sides of the plants, applying 0.24 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.18 kg of potassium sulfate to each plant, covering surface soil after applying, and applying fertilizer after rain or irrigating and watering after applying fertilizer;
spraying 0.2% boric acid and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surface for 1 time in bud stage and young fruit stage respectively;
after the flowers are withered, 0.35 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.18 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each plant in the parallel ditches from the young fruit period;
(6) pollination, namely raising beehives in a net room and assisting by artificial pollination; placing the beehive into a net room 12d before the passion fruit blooms, arranging one beehive in each 2 mu of cultivation area, and feeding Italian bees or Chinese bees, wherein each beehive is 3 spleens; the dimensions of the beehive are selected from the following dimensions: 48cm × 35cm × 28 cm; the artificial pollination method comprises the steps of collecting pollen when anthers are cracked just, or cutting off flowers 3 hours before the anthers are cracked and placing the flowers in a wet box, collecting pollen after the anthers are cracked, dipping the pollen with a writing brush and uniformly coating the pollen on a column head;
(7) water content management: supplying water in time at seedling stage and fruit expansion stage, and thoroughly spraying 1 time of water every 10 days; stopping water spraying within 20 days before fruit ripening; draining water in time in rainy season;
(8) pruning and trimming methods: after planting, inserting 185 cm-high auxiliary rods beside the seedlings, inducing the main vines to be put on shelves, and picking off the side buds of the main vines when the side buds grow to 4cm in a sunny day; keeping 2 lateral buds in different directions after the main vines are put on shelves, cutting off the top ends of the lateral branches when the lateral buds grow to 1.8m, keeping 1 second-stage vine on the first-stage vine every 22cm, keeping 1 third-stage vine on the second-stage vine every 22cm, and culturing the third-stage vines to serve as fruiting mother branches; thinning and shearing the dense branches at any time, and shearing overlong drooping branches at a position 32cm away from the ground;
(9) the pest and disease prevention and control method comprises the following steps: spraying 1000 times of 50% wettable powder in the initial stage of anthracnose, spraying 1200 times of 50% dimethomorph in the initial stage of epidemic disease at intervals of 8 days for 2 times; the tetranychus is sprayed with 2300 times of 1.8 percent of abamectin emulsifiable solution or 1800 times of 20 percent of pyridaben wettable powder when the local emergence occurs, and the pesticide is used alternately.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling virus disease transmission is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation: removing weed sundries in the garden 1-2 months before planting, digging trapezoidal ridges with the height of 0.2-0.25 m and the width of 1.1-1.2 m after the whole garden is ploughed and solarized for more than 15d, digging planting holes with the length, the width and the depth of 0.5-0.6 m on the ridges, applying base fertilizer to each hole, and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and surface soil to prepare a planting pier with the height of 10-15 cm higher than the ground;
(2) constructing a net and a frame: building a net room shed before planting, and building a three-wire shed frame in the net room shed;
the net room shed building method comprises the following steps: outwards inclined outer steel pipes are arranged in parallel at intervals of 3m at the periphery of the net room, the outer diameter of each outer steel pipe is 60mm, the length of each outer steel pipe is 400-420 cm, a cross groove is formed in the top end of each outer steel pipe, the width of each groove is 1-2 cm, the depth of each groove is 1-2 cm, 80-90 cm of the bottom of each outer steel pipe is buried in the soil, and the vertical height of the top end of each outer steel pipe from the ground is 320-340 cm; vertically embedding an inner steel pipe with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 400-420 cm at every 6m in the net room, wherein the top end of the inner steel pipe is provided with a cross groove, the width of the cross groove is 1-2 cm, the depth of the cross groove is 1-2 cm, and the height of the top end of the inner steel pipe from the ground is consistent with that of the outer steel pipe; embedding the inner steel pipe and the outer steel pipe into a cross groove at the top end of the steel pipes at the transverse and longitudinal intersection positions by using a stainless steel rope, tensioning, and covering a 32-40-mesh insect-proof net after a net chamber shed is formed;
the three-wire type shed frame building method comprises the following steps: correspondingly planting row positions in the net room shed, and obliquely erecting steel pipes with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 250-260 cm outwards at the positions with the row interval of 3m, burying the steel pipes into soil, enabling the vertical height of the top ends of the steel pipes to be 180-190 cm away from the ground, and embedding the steel pipes into cross grooves at the top ends of the steel pipes by stainless steel ropes along the direction parallel to the ridge surface to form a three-wire main line; vertically embedding steel pipes with the outer diameter of 30mm and the length of 250cm at intervals of 4m in each ridge planting line, forming a cross groove at the top end to ensure that the vertical height of the top end of each pipe from the ground is 180-190 cm, and longitudinally pulling two steel ropes parallel to the main line at the positions of two sides of the main line and the main line at intervals of 40-50 cm by using stainless steel ropes to form a three-wire frame;
(3) planting: the planting period is 2-4 months in spring or 9-11 months in autumn; digging planting holes at planting positions during planting, taking out grafted seedlings from a planting bag, putting the grafted seedlings into the planting holes together with soil, filling the soil to a height 2-3 cm higher than the ridge surface, compacting, finishing a tree tray, and pouring enough root fixing water;
(4) fertilization management: after 10 days after the field planting and before the branches and tendrils are put on the shelf, spraying potassium nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.3-0.5 percent for 1 time at intervals of 7-10 days; when the internodes of branches of plants are too long and leaves are thin, spraying 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves for 2-3 times, wherein the interval is 7-10 days each time;
after branches are erected and before flowering, respectively opening 1 parallel ditch with the length of 5cm, the depth and the width of 15 to 20cm at a position 30cm away from the two sides of the plants, applying 0.22 to 0.25 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.15 to 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate to each plant, covering surface soil after applying, and applying fertilizer after rain or irrigating and watering after applying fertilizer;
spraying 0.2% boric acid and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surface for 1 time in bud stage and young fruit stage respectively;
after flowering, from the young fruit period, 0.3-0.4 kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.15-0.2 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each plant in the parallel ditches;
(5) pollination, namely raising beehives in a net room and assisting by artificial pollination; the beehive is placed in a net room 10-15 days before the passion fruit blooms, one beehive is arranged in each 2 mu of cultivation area, and Chinese bees or Italian bees are bred in each beehive by 3 spleens.
2. The passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling viral disease transmission according to claim 1, wherein before land preparation, facilities are built on a garden, the facilities are divided into square areas according to terrain and topography, an inter-area channel and an intra-area sidewalk are built, the net room shed is built in the square areas, flood discharge ditches with the depth of 0.6m to 0.8m are dug in the periphery of the net room shed, and a plurality of drainage ditches with the width of 0.3m to 0.4m and the depth of 0.3m to 0.4m are arranged in the net room shed and connected with the flood discharge ditches.
3. The passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling viral disease transmission according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 5kg to 8kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg to 1.0 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
4. The passion fruit net room cultivation method for preventing and controlling the spread of virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein a mixed matrix of 2-3 cm is filled at the bottom of the planting holes, and the mixed matrix is obtained by mixing gravel, decomposed bagasse and burnt soil according to a mass ratio of 3-5: 2-3: 1.
5. The method for net room cultivation of passion fruit for preventing and controlling spread of viral diseases according to claim 1, wherein the passion fruit is selected from the variety of passion fruit with good flower affinity, good yield and strong resistance; the grafted seedling is a healthy seedling which is free of virus, has a developed root system and is 50-80 cm high, and has 3-5 complete leaves, the height of a stock is 18-20 cm, and a scion has a new tip.
6. The method for cultivating the passion fruit in the net room for preventing and controlling the spread of the virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein grafted seedlings are cultivated according to the plant row spacing of 1.5-2 m x 3m, and the planting density is 110-150 plants per mu.
7. The method for cultivating passion fruit in a net room for preventing and controlling the spread of viral diseases according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps: supplying water in time in the seedling stage and the fruit expanding stage, and thoroughly spraying 1 time of water every 7-15 days; stopping water spraying within 20 days before fruit ripening; drainage is carried out in time in rainy season.
8. The method for cultivating the passion fruit net room for preventing and controlling the spread of the virus disease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dimensions of the beehive are selected from the following: 46-50 cm × 30-36 cm × 26-30 cm; the artificial pollination method comprises the steps of collecting pollen when the anther is cracked, or cutting off flowers 2-4 hours before the anther is cracked and placing the flowers in a wet box, collecting pollen after the anther is cracked, and dipping the pollen with a writing brush and uniformly smearing the pollen on a column head.
9. The method for cultivating passion fruit in a net room for preventing and controlling the spread of viral diseases according to claim 1, further comprising a pruning method: after planting, inserting auxiliary rods with the height of 180-190 cm beside the seedlings, inducing the main vines to be put on shelves, and picking off the side buds of the main vines when the side buds grow to 3-5 cm in a sunny day; 2 lateral buds in different directions are reserved after the main vines are erected, when the main vines grow to be 1.5-2.0 m and adjacent branch tips are close to each other, lateral branch top buds are cut off, 1 second-stage vine is reserved on the first-stage vine at intervals of 20-25 cm, 1 third-stage vine is reserved on the second-stage vine at intervals of 20-25 cm, and the third-stage vines are cultured to serve as fruiting mother branches; and thinning and shearing the over-dense branches at any time, and shearing the overlong drooping branches at the position 30-35 cm away from the ground.
10. The method for cultivating passion fruit in a net room for preventing and controlling the spread of viral diseases according to claim 1, further comprising a method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests: spraying 1000 times of liquid of 50% wettable powder in the initial stage of anthracnose attack, and spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of 50% dimethomorph in the initial stage of epidemic disease attack at intervals of 7-10 days for 2-3 times; the tetranychus is sprayed and killed by using 2000-2500 times of 1.8% abamectin missible oil or 1500-2000 times of 20% pyridaben wettable powder when local emergence occurs, and the pesticide is applied alternately.
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