CN111567165B - Fertilizing, rotary tillage and seeding integrated machine - Google Patents
Fertilizing, rotary tillage and seeding integrated machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567165B CN111567165B CN202010593261.4A CN202010593261A CN111567165B CN 111567165 B CN111567165 B CN 111567165B CN 202010593261 A CN202010593261 A CN 202010593261A CN 111567165 B CN111567165 B CN 111567165B
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- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
- A01C5/068—Furrow packing devices, e.g. press wheels
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing, rotary tillage and seeding integrated machine which comprises a frame, a fertilizing device, a rotary tillage device, a seeding device, a bacterial manure applying device, a traction device and a transmission device, wherein the frame is provided with a rotary tillage device; the fertilizer apparatus includes: the fertilizer box, the transmission shaft I, the directional fertilizer spreader and the fertilizer cleaning device; the rotary tillage device comprises a rotary tillage shaft, a rotary tillage shaft bearing, a baffle, rotary tillage blades, a cutting knife and a knife holder; the sowing device comprises a sowing device assembly, a seed pipe, a furrow opener, a soil scraper and a pressing wheel; the bacterial manure applying device comprises a bacterial manure box, a bacterial manure pipe and an electromagnetic vibration feeder. The invention can not directly contact with the fertilized material after sowing seeds, thereby thoroughly avoiding the potential harm of the fertilized material to the seeds; the rotary tillage device divides the rotary tillage blade into the rotary tillage blade and the cutting blade according to the rotary tillage and stubble cleaning functions, so that the stubble cleaning effect is better; the furrow opener and the wing-shaped soil scraper are seamlessly connected right behind the rotary tillage cutter, so that the phenomena of straw blockage and straw-carrying soil compacting can not occur during sowing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to agricultural machines, and particularly relates to a fertilizing, rotary tillage and seeding integrated machine suitable for dry-land corns, sorghum and soybeans.
Background
The multiple operations of the agricultural machinery are integrated into a whole, which is the development direction of modern agricultural machinery. The prior art which integrates fertilization, rotary tillage and seeding into an integral farm implement has few reports, but has the following main problems due to different application ranges and different uses: (1) The fertilizing devices of the existing fertilizing, rotary tillage and seeding integrated machine are all non-directional broadcast application on the ground, so that direct contact between seed fertilizers and seeds is easy to cause, and further the seed fertilizers have toxic action on the seeds and seedlings; (2) The rotary cultivator has the function of stubble cleaning generally, but the existing rotary cultivator does not need to divide rotary blades and cutting blades, and when the rotary blades take rotary cultivation and stubble cleaning into consideration, the effect is poorer than that of the special rotary blades and cutting blades; (3) The straw after stubble cleaning is mixed into upper soil which is sowed into seeds to influence the compacting effect, and the emergence of the seeds is influenced when serious.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fertilizing, rotary tillage and seeding integrated machine suitable for dry corn, sorghum and soybean, which can finish the operations of fertilizing, rotary tillage and seeding at one time and well solve the problems in the background technology.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a fertilizing, rotary tillage and seeding integrated machine which comprises a frame, a fertilizing device, a rotary tillage device, a seeding device and a traction and transmission device. The fertilizer device comprises: the fertilizer box is symmetrically distributed on two sides of the frame, the bottom of the fertilizer box is close to the front side, the directional fertilizer spreaders are arranged right above the furrow openers, 2-3 directional fertilizer spreaders are arranged on each side of the fertilizer box, the neck of each directional fertilizer spreader is communicated with the bottom of the fertilizer box, the transmission shaft I is arranged at the position, corresponding to the neck of each directional fertilizer spreader, of the front side of the bottom of the fertilizer box, the transmission shaft I transversely penetrates through the neck of each directional fertilizer spreader, the fertilizer pulling piece is arranged on the upper portion of the inside of each directional fertilizer spreader, the fertilizer pulling piece is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft I, when the transmission shaft I rotates, the fertilizer pulling piece synchronously rotates to convey fertilizer in the fertilizer box to the lower portion of each directional fertilizer spreader, the lower portion of each directional fertilizer spreader is in a splayed bifurcation shape, and the fertilizer flowing down from the neck flows into each splayed bifurcation groove, and is applied to two sides of the right front of each directional fertilizer spreader (the furrow openly). The fertilizer cleaning device comprises a pulling brake pad and a guide pipe, and is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the front side of the fertilizer boxes at two sides and used for cleaning residual fertilizer in the fertilizer boxes.
The rotary tillage device is arranged below the frame and comprises a rotary tillage shaft, a rotary tillage shaft bearing, a baffle, rotary tillage blades, cutting blades and a blade holder, wherein the rotary tillage shaft is fixed below the frame through the rotary tillage shaft bearing and the baffle, and a plurality of rotary tillage blades and cutting blades are distributed on the rotary tillage shaft. The rotary tillage blades are distributed under the directional fertilizer spreader, the connection angle between the cutter handles and the rotary tillage cutting edges of the rotary tillage blades is 120 degrees, and the rotary tillage blades mainly play a role in rotary tillage and soil loosening; the cutting blades are distributed among the rotary blades, the connection angle between the cutter handles of the rotary blades and the cutting blades is 90 degrees, and the cutting blades mainly play a role in cutting straws; the cutter holder is welded on the rotary tillage shaft, and the rotary tillage cutter and the cutting cutter are movably fixed on the rotary tillage shaft through the cutter holder. The rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage device is 150-160mm away from the ground surface.
The seeding device is arranged at the rear of the fertilizing device and the rotary tillage device and comprises a seeding device assembly, a seed pipe, a furrow opener, a soil scraper and a pressing wheel, wherein the furrow opener is arranged right behind the rotary tillage cutter, the front end of the furrow opener is a sharp head, the middle part of the furrow opener is a seed cavity, the rear end of the furrow opener is seamlessly connected with the wing-shaped soil scraper, the depth of the bottom of the furrow opener from the ground surface is 150-160mm, seeds can be directly sowed at the contact position of the rotary tillage layer and a hard stratum, the depth of the bottom of the soil scraper from the ground surface is 80-100mm, the seed pipe is communicated with the seeding device assembly and the seed cavity, the front part of the pressing wheel is arranged in the middle of a rear wing of the soil scraper, the pressing wheel is hinged with a frame through a connecting rod, and a buffer spring II is arranged on a connecting lever arm. Ditching in the soil behind the furrow opener is planted the seed soil, and wing form scraper scrapes the surface soil layer that has the chopped straw to both sides, and the soil that does not have the straw is immediately suppressed by the suppression wheel at rear afterwards, guarantees that the upper strata of seeding seed is not had the straw by the soil layer of suppression.
The traction and transmission device comprises an automatic clutch assembly, a first fixing piece, a supporting cross rod, a first traction rod and an inclined pull rod, a second traction rod, a supporting wheel shaft, a supporting wheel bracket, a second fixing piece, a supporting wheel buffer frame, a buffer spring I, a driving sprocket, a first chain, a first transmission shaft, a first sprocket, a tensioning wheel, a first transmission shaft bearing, a second sprocket, a second transmission shaft, a third sprocket, a second chain, a sprocket of a seeder, a fourth sprocket and a third chain. The center above the frame is provided with an automatic clutch assembly, the middle positions of the two sides of the frame are symmetrically provided with a first fixing part, the front side of the fertilizer box is provided with a supporting cross rod, the rear side of the frame is obliquely provided with a first traction rod in the front direction, an oblique pull rod is arranged between the first traction rod and the first fixing part, the first fixing part is provided with a second traction rod, and the automatic clutch assembly, the first traction rod and the second traction rod are connected with a tractor. Support wheels are symmetrically arranged below two sides of the frame and are connected with the frame through support wheel shafts, support wheel brackets and fixing pieces II. The middle part of the supporting wheel bracket is provided with a supporting wheel buffer frame which inclines to the front side and is connected with the supporting cross rod through a buffer spring I. The outside of the supporting wheel shaft is provided with a driving sprocket which is connected with a sprocket I fixed on a transmission shaft I through a chain I, and a tensioning wheel of the chain I is arranged on a supporting wheel bracket. The upward extension frame of the connection point of the supporting wheel bracket and the frame is provided with a transmission shaft bearing for fixing the transmission shaft I. A first transmission shaft on the inner side of a first bearing of the transmission shaft is provided with a second sprocket, the rear side of the frame and the front side of the seeder assembly are provided with a second transmission shaft, a third sprocket is arranged on the second transmission shaft at the position corresponding to the second sprocket in front-back direction, and the second sprocket is connected with the third sprocket through a second chain. One side of the seeder assembly is provided with a seeder chain wheel, a chain wheel IV is arranged on the transmission shaft II corresponding to the seeder chain wheel, and the seeder chain wheel and the chain wheel IV are connected through a chain III. The traction power drives the fertilizer application device, the rotary tillage device and the seeding device to operate through the transmission device.
And a scraping plate is arranged between the rear lower part of the frame and the pressing wheel, and the center of the scraping plate is connected with the rear end of the frame through a buffer spring III. The compacting scraper plays a role in compacting the straws mixed into soil, so that the straws are fixed between ridge distances.
The soil scraper is divided into a fixed plate and a movable plate, the fixed plate and the movable plate are movably fixed by a fixed bolt, a movable groove is arranged on the movable plate corresponding to the screw hole, and the height of the movable plate can be adjusted by up-and-down movement.
The invention has the beneficial effects brought by the distinguishing technical characteristics with the prior art
1. Compared with the existing cultivation method, the invention has the effect test on the emergence rate and the sowing cost
1. Test method
In 2019, 9 mu of land with consistent previous stubble is selected in Xin Yijing village in Ganxi province Xinzhou, each treatment is repeated for three times, the same corn variety (and Shili 1728) and the same fertilizing amount are adopted, and three treatments are respectively: (1) Stubble cleaning and soil preparation are carried out before sowing, irrigation is not carried out, and then a traditional sowing integrated machine is used for operation; (2) Stubble cleaning, soil preparation, irrigation and operation by a traditional seeding integrated machine are carried out before seeding; (3) The invention fertilizes, rotates and sows on both sides of the seedling belt in hard stubble fields. The sowing time is 4 months and 28 days, and the investigation indexes are the emergence rate of each treatment after sowing for two weeks and the sowing cost.
2. Test results
The test results of the influence of the present invention on the corn emergence rate compared with the existing cultivation method are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results of the effect of the present invention and the prior art methods on corn emergence rate
Note that: the letters behind the emergence rate are statistical analysis results, the capital letters are extremely significant differences (P < 0.01) and the small letters are significant differences (P < 0.05).
Test results show that the region of the Xinfu in 2019 is arid in climate, the sowing soil moisture content is poor, and the non-irrigated land mass planted by the traditional machine has poor emergence. The invention has the advantages that the emergence rate is not significantly different from the prior stubble cleaning and soil preparation and irrigation before sowing, the operation treatment by the traditional sowing integrated machine is not significantly different from the prior stubble cleaning and soil preparation before sowing, and the operation treatment by the traditional sowing integrated machine is not significantly different, so that the soil moisture preservation effect of the device is obvious.
The comparative results of the seeding cost of the present invention with the existing cultivation method are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 seeding cost comparison results of the present invention and the existing cultivation method
Note that: the letters following the cost aggregate represent a very significant difference (P < 0.01) in the statistical analysis.
The result shows that the seeding cost of the invention is quite different from that of the existing cultivation method. Compared with the prior stubble cleaning and soil preparation, the method saves 57.9 percent of cost by using the operation method of the traditional seeding integrated machine, and saves 95 yuan/mu by using the operation of the traditional seeding integrated machine after the prior stubble cleaning and soil preparation and irrigation.
2. The invention tests the influence of the fertilization on the two sides of the seeds and the traditional fertilization on the lodging and the yield of corns
1. Test method
In 2019, 6 mu of land with consistent previous stubble is selected in Xin Yijing village in Ganxi province Xinzhou, each treatment is repeated for three times, the same corn variety (and Shili 1728) and the same fertilizing amount are adopted, and two treatments are respectively: (1) Stubble cleaning, soil preparation, irrigation and operation by a traditional seeding integrated machine are carried out before seeding; (2) The invention directly fertilizes the seedling zone at both sides of the hard stubble field, rotates the cultivation and sows. Sowing time is 4 months and 28 days, and the lodging rate and yield before harvesting the corn in the next ten days of 9 months are examined.
2. Test results
The test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 results of the test of the effect of the present invention on corn lodging and yield compared to prior fertilization methods
| Test treatment | Lodging rate | Reduced acre yield | Yield enhancement |
| Process 1 | 11.2% B | 893.7 Kg | 0 |
| Treatment 2 (invention) | 1.3% A | 958.6 Kg | 7.3% |
Note that: the letters following the lodging rate represent a very significant difference (P < 0.01) by statistical analysis.
The result shows that the lodging rate of the traditional fertilizer is reduced by 9.9 percent after the fertilizer application device is used, the statistical analysis shows that the lodging rate is extremely remarkable in difference, the yield increase effect is obvious, the yield is increased by 7.3 percent, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that
(1) The directional fertilizer spreader and the furrow opener are arranged on the same longitudinal axis, the directional fertilizer spreader of the fertilizer box is in a splayed bifurcation groove shape, fertilizer flowing down from the neck flows into the splayed bifurcation groove, and the fertilizer is withdrawn and applied on two sides right in front of the directional fertilizer spreader, namely on two sides of the furrow opener, so that the fertilizer can not directly contact with the fertilized fertilizer after seeds are sowed, and the potential harm of the fertilizer to the seeds is thoroughly avoided. (2) According to the rotary tillage device, the rotary tillage blades are divided into the rotary tillage blades and the cutting blades according to rotary tillage and stubble cleaning functions, the rotary tillage blades are arranged right behind the directional fertilizer spreader and right in front of the furrow opener, the cutting blades are arranged between the rotary tillage blades, soil loosening of the rotary tillage blades is beneficial to furrowing and sowing, the cutting blades are beneficial to better straw cutting, and the stubble cleaning effect is better. (3) The furrow opener and the wing-shaped soil scraping device of the seeding device are arranged right behind the rotary blade, the gap between the furrow opener and the rotary blade is 10-20mm, the phenomenon of straw blockage can not occur during seeding, and the furrow opener and the lower part of the rotary blade are on the same horizontal plane, so that seeds are sowed at the combining part of a soft soil layer and a hard soil layer after rotary tillage, the seeds are ensured to sprout quickly and grow strong seedlings, the root system is pricked in the hard soil layer, and the drought resistance and the lodging resistance of plants are improved. The wing-shaped soil scraper is arranged by utilizing the characteristic that the straws are distributed on the earth surface by 80-100mm when the straw is rotary-tilled, the soil layer with the straws on the upper layer of the earth surface is scraped between ridge distances, the straw returning effect is achieved, the soil without the mixed straws is used as seedling zone covering soil at the lower part, the soil without the straws is timely compacted by the compacting wheel arranged in the middle of the rear wing of the soil scraper, the soil without the straws on the compacted soil layer on the sowing seeds is ensured to be free of the straws, and the seedling emergence and soil moisture conservation are facilitated. (4) The wing-shaped soil scraper is divided into two parts, namely the fixed sheet and the movable sheet, the fixed sheet is in seamless connection with the furrow opener, the movable sheet is connected below the fixed sheet, and the thickness of soil above seeds, namely the seed sowing depth, can be changed by adjusting the height of the movable sheet. (5) A compacting and scraping plate is arranged between the furrow opener and the furrow opener, and when the furrow opener is in operation, the wing-shaped soil scraper scrapes the surface soil layer mixed with chopped straw to two sides, and the compacting and scraping plate compactly fixes the surface soil layer between ridge distances. (6) Experiments show that the device of the invention has no obvious difference in emergence rate between direct sowing on hard stubble lands and stubble cleaning, soil preparation and irrigation before sowing, and then the operation mode of the traditional sowing integrated machine is adopted, the sowing cost per mu is saved by 95 yuan/mu, the lodging rate is reduced by 9.9 percent, the yield is increased by 7.3 percent, and the economic benefit is obvious.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a right side view of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of a portion of a fertilizer box of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the structure of the furrow opener and scraper of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a fertilizer box, 2, a supporting cross rod, 3, a buffer spring I, 4, a sprocket I, 5, a fertilizer cleaning device, 6, a transmission shaft I, 7, a directional fertilizer spreader, 8, a pulling and applying sheet, 9, a baffle plate, 10, a rotary blade, 11, a rotary tillage shaft, 12, a chain I, 13, a driving sprocket, 14, a supporting wheel, 15, a supporting wheel buffer frame, 16, a supporting wheel bracket, 17, a cutting blade, 18, a frame, 19, a tool apron, 20, a fixing piece I, 21, a supporting wheel shaft, 22, a tensioning wheel, 23, a fixing piece II, 24, a sprocket III, 25, a diagonal draw bar, 26, an automatic clutch assembly, 27, a traction bar I, 28, a traction bar II, 29, a first bearing of a transmission shaft, 30, a second transmission shaft, 31, a third sprocket, 32, a rotary tillage shaft bearing, 33, a furrow opener, 34, a seed pipe, 35, a soil scraper, 36, a press wheel, 37, a connecting rod 38, a second buffer spring, 39, a seeder assembly, 40, a second chain, 41, a seeder sprocket, 42, a fourth sprocket, 43, a third chain, 44, a press soil scraping plate, 45, a third buffer spring, 46, a knife handle, 47, a rotary tillage blade, 48, a cutting blade, 49, a spike head, 50, a seed cavity, 51, a pull brake disc, 52, a guide tube, 53, a fixed disc, 54, a movable disc, 55, a fixed bolt, 56 and a movable groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and2, the fertilizing, rotary tillage and seeding integrated machine of the invention comprises a frame 18, a fertilizing device, a rotary tillage device, a seeding device and a traction and transmission device. The fertilizer device comprises: the fertilizer box 1, the first transmission shaft 6, the directional fertilizer spreader 7 and the fertilizer cleaning device 5 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the frame 18, the bottom of the fertilizer box 1 is close to the front side, the directional fertilizer spreader 7 is arranged right above the furrow opener, 2-3 directional fertilizer spreaders 7 are arranged on each side of the fertilizer box 1, the neck of the directional fertilizer spreader 7 is communicated with the bottom of the fertilizer box 1, the first transmission shaft 6 is arranged at the position, corresponding to the neck of the directional fertilizer spreader 7, of the front side of the bottom of the fertilizer box 1, the first transmission shaft 6 transversely penetrates through the neck of the directional fertilizer spreader 7, the lower portion of the directional fertilizer spreader 7 is in a splayed bifurcation groove shape, and fertilizer flowing down from the neck flows into the splayed bifurcation groove, so that the fertilizer is removed from two sides right in front of the directional fertilizer spreader 7 (the furrow opener). The fertilizer cleaning device 5 comprises a pulling brake pad 51 and a guide pipe 52 which are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the front sides of the fertilizer boxes 1 at two sides and are used for cleaning residual fertilizer in the fertilizer boxes 1.
The rotary tillage device is arranged below the frame 18 and comprises a rotary tillage shaft 11, a rotary tillage shaft bearing 32, a baffle plate 9, rotary tillage blades 10, a cutting blade 17 and a blade holder 19, wherein the rotary tillage shaft 11 is fixed below the frame 18 through the rotary tillage shaft bearing 32 and the baffle plate 9, and a plurality of rotary tillage blades 10 and cutting blades 17 are distributed on the rotary tillage shaft 11. The rotary tillage cutter 10 is distributed under the directional fertilizer spreader 7, the connection angle between the cutter handle 46 of the rotary tillage cutter 10 and the rotary tillage cutter edge 47 is 120 degrees, and the rotary tillage cutter 10 mainly plays a role in rotary tillage and soil loosening; the cutting blades 17 are distributed among the rotary tillage blades 10, the connection angle between the cutter handles 46 of the rotary tillage blades 10 and the cutting blades 48 is 90 degrees, and the cutting blades 17 mainly play a role in cutting straws; the cutter holder 19 is welded on the rotary tillage shaft 11, and the rotary tillage cutter 10 and the cutting cutter 17 are movably fixed on the rotary tillage shaft 11 through the cutter holder 19. The rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage device is 150-160mm away from the ground surface. The seeding device is arranged at the rear of the fertilizing device and the rotary tillage device and comprises a seeder assembly 39, a seed pipe 34, a furrow opener 33, a soil scraper 35 and a pressing wheel 36, wherein the furrow opener 33 is arranged right behind the rotary tillage blade 10, the depth of the bottom of the furrow opener 33 from the ground surface is 150-160mm, seeds can be directly sowed at the contact position of a rotary tillage layer and a hard stratum, the depth of the bottom of the soil scraper 35 from the ground surface is 80-100mm, the seed pipe 34 is communicated with the seeder assembly 39 and a seed sowing cavity 50, the front part of the pressing wheel 36 is arranged in the middle of a rear wing of the soil scraper 35, the pressing wheel 36 is hinged with the frame 18 through a connecting rod 37, and a buffer spring II 38 is arranged on a connecting rod 37 arm. The furrow opener 33 furrows seeds into the soil after rotary tillage, the wing-shaped soil scrapers 35 scrape the surface soil layer with chopped straw to two sides, and then the soil without straw is immediately compacted by the rear compacting wheel 36, so that the compacted soil layer on the upper layer of the seeds is ensured to be free from straw.
The traction and transmission device comprises an automatic clutch assembly 26, a first fixing piece 20, a support cross rod 2, a first traction rod 27, a diagonal rod 25, a second traction rod 28, a support wheel 14, a support wheel shaft 21, a support wheel bracket 16, a second fixing piece 23, a support wheel buffer frame 15, a first buffer spring 3, a driving chain wheel 13, a first chain 12, a first transmission shaft 6, a first chain wheel 4, a tension wheel 22, a first transmission shaft bearing 29, a second chain wheel 24, a second transmission shaft 30, a third chain wheel 31, a second chain 40, a seeder chain wheel 41, a fourth chain wheel 42 and a third chain 43. The center above the frame 18 is provided with an automatic clutch assembly 26, the middle positions of the two sides of the frame 18 are symmetrically provided with a first fixing part 20, the front side of the fertilizer box 1 is provided with a supporting cross rod 2, the rear side of the frame 18 is obliquely provided with a first traction rod 27 forwards, an inclined pull rod 25 is arranged between the first traction rod 27 and the first fixing part 20, the first fixing part 20 is provided with a second traction rod 28, and the automatic clutch assembly 26, the first traction rod 27 and the second traction rod 28 are connected with a tractor. Support wheels 14 are symmetrically arranged below two sides of the frame 18, and the support wheels 14 are connected with the frame 18 through support wheel shafts 21, support wheel brackets 16 and fixing pieces II 23. The middle part of the supporting wheel bracket 16 is provided with a supporting wheel buffer frame 15 which inclines to the front side and is connected with the supporting cross rod 2 through a buffer spring I3. The outside of the supporting wheel shaft 21 is provided with a driving chain wheel 13 which is connected with a chain wheel 4 fixed on a transmission shaft 6 through a chain 12, and the supporting wheel bracket 16 is provided with a tension wheel 22 of the chain 12. The upward extension frame of the connection point of the supporting wheel bracket 16 and the frame 18 is provided with a transmission shaft bearing 29 for fixing the transmission shaft 6. The first transmission shaft 6 on the inner side of the first transmission shaft bearing 29 is provided with a second sprocket 24, the rear side of the frame 18 and the front side of the seeder assembly 39 are provided with a second transmission shaft 30, the position on the second transmission shaft 30 corresponding to the front and rear of the second sprocket 24 is provided with a third sprocket 31, and the second sprocket 24 is connected with the third sprocket 31 through a second chain 40. One side of the seeder assembly 39 is provided with a seeder chain wheel 41, a chain wheel IV 42 is arranged on the transmission shaft II 30 corresponding to the seeder chain wheel 41, and the seeder chain wheel 41 and the chain wheel IV 42 are connected through a chain III 43. The traction power drives the fertilizer application device, the rotary tillage device and the seeding device to operate through the transmission device.
A scraping plate 44 is arranged between the lower rear part of the frame 18 and the pressing wheel 36, and the center of the scraping plate 44 is connected with the rear end of the frame 18 through a buffer spring III 45. The compacting scraper 44 serves to compact the straw after it has been mixed into the soil, so that the straw is fixed between the ridges.
The soil scraper 35 is divided into a fixed plate 53 and a movable plate 54, the fixed plate 53 and the movable plate 54 are movably fixed by a fixed bolt 55, a movable groove 56 is arranged on the movable plate 54 corresponding to the screw hole, and the height of the movable plate 54 can be adjusted by up-and-down movement.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper part of the inside of the directional fertilizer spreader 7 is provided with a fertilizer pulling piece 8, the fertilizer pulling piece 8 is fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft 6, and when the first transmission shaft 6 rotates, the fertilizer pulling piece 8 synchronously rotates to convey fertilizer in the fertilizer box 1 to the lower part of the directional fertilizer spreader 7.
As shown in fig. 4, the front end of the furrow opener 33 is a sharp point 49, the middle part is a seed cavity 50, and the rear end is seamlessly connected with the wing-shaped soil scraper 35.
Claims (3)
1. The integrated machine is characterized by comprising a frame, a fertilizing device, a rotary tillage device, a seeding device and a traction and transmission device; the fertilizer device comprises: the fertilizer box is symmetrically distributed on two sides of the frame, the bottom of the fertilizer box is close to the front side, 2-3 directional fertilizer spreaders are arranged right above the furrow opener, the neck of each directional fertilizer spreader is communicated with the bottom of the fertilizer box, the first transmission shaft is arranged at the position, corresponding to the neck of the directional fertilizer spreader, of the front side of the bottom of the fertilizer box, the first transmission shaft transversely penetrates through the neck of the directional fertilizer spreader, a fertilizer pulling piece is arranged at the upper part of the inside of the directional fertilizer spreader and is fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft, the lower part of the directional fertilizer spreader is in a splayed groove shape, and the fertilizer cleaning device comprises a drawing brake piece and a guide pipe which are symmetrically arranged at the bottoms of the front sides of the fertilizer boxes on two sides;
The rotary tillage device is arranged below the frame and comprises a rotary tillage shaft, a rotary tillage shaft bearing, a baffle, rotary tillage blades, a cutting blade and a blade holder, wherein the rotary tillage shaft is fixed below the frame through the rotary tillage shaft bearing and the baffle, a plurality of rotary tillage blades and cutting blades are distributed on the rotary tillage shaft, the rotary tillage blades are distributed right below the directional fertilizer spreader, the cutting blades are distributed among the rotary tillage blades, the blade holder is welded on the rotary tillage shaft, and the rotary tillage blades and the cutting blades are movably fixed on the rotary tillage shaft through the blade holder;
the sowing device is arranged behind the fertilizing device and the rotary tillage device and comprises a sowing device assembly, a seed pipe, a furrow opener, a soil scraper and a pressing wheel;
The traction and transmission device comprises an automatic clutch assembly, a first fixing part, a supporting cross rod, a first traction rod and an inclined pull rod, wherein the first traction rod, the second traction rod, a supporting wheel shaft, a supporting wheel bracket, a second fixing part, a supporting wheel buffer frame, a buffer spring I, a driving sprocket, a first chain, a first transmission shaft, a first sprocket, a tensioning wheel, a first transmission shaft bearing, a second sprocket, a second transmission shaft, a third sprocket, a second chain, a seeder sprocket, a fourth sprocket and a third chain, the automatic clutch assembly is arranged in the center above a frame, the first fixing part is symmetrically arranged in the middle of the two sides of the frame, the supporting cross rod is arranged on the front side of a fertilizer box, the first traction rod is obliquely arranged on the rear side of the frame, the inclined pull rod is arranged between the first traction rod and the first fixing part, the second traction rod is arranged on the fixing part, the automatic clutch assembly, the first traction rod and the second traction rod are connected with a tractor, the supporting wheel is symmetrically arranged below the two sides of the frame, the supporting wheel is connected with the frame through a supporting wheel shaft, a supporting wheel bracket and a fixing piece II, the middle part of the supporting wheel bracket is provided with a supporting wheel buffer frame which inclines towards the front side, the supporting wheel buffer frame is connected with a supporting cross rod through a buffer spring I, the outer side of the supporting wheel shaft is provided with a driving sprocket which is connected with a sprocket I fixed on a transmission shaft I through a chain I, the supporting wheel bracket is provided with a tensioning wheel of the chain I, an upward extension frame of the connecting point of the supporting wheel bracket and the frame is provided with a transmission shaft I bearing for fixing the transmission shaft I, the transmission shaft I on the inner side of the transmission shaft I is provided with a sprocket II, the rear side of the frame and the front side of the seeder assembly are provided with a transmission shaft II, the transmission shaft II is provided with a sprocket III corresponding to the sprocket II, one side of the seeder assembly is provided with a seeder sprocket III corresponding to the seeder sprocket II, the seeder chain wheel and the chain wheel IV are connected through the chain III; a scraping plate is arranged between the rear lower part of the frame and the pressing wheel, and the center of the scraping plate is connected with the rear end of the frame through a buffer spring III;
The furrow opener is arranged right behind the rotary tillage cutter, the front end of the furrow opener is a sharp head, the middle part of the furrow opener is a seed sowing cavity, the rear end of the furrow opener is seamlessly connected with a wing-shaped soil scraper, the depth of the bottom of the furrow opener from the ground surface is 150-160mm, the depth of the bottom of the soil scraper from the ground surface is 80-100mm, and a seed pipe is communicated with the seeder assembly and the seed sowing cavity;
The soil scraper is divided into a fixed plate and a movable plate, the fixed plate and the movable plate are movably fixed by a fixed bolt, and a movable groove is arranged on the movable plate corresponding to the screw hole.
2. The integrated machine for fertilizing, rotary tillage and seeding according to claim 1, wherein the connection angle between the handle of the rotary tillage blade and the rotary tillage blade is 120 degrees; the connection angle of the handle of the rotary tillage cutter and the cutting edge is 90 degrees.
3. The integrated machine for fertilizing, rotary tillage and sowing according to claim 1, wherein the rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage device is 150-160mm from the ground surface.
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| CN116918534B (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2024-01-02 | 山东双成农业科技有限公司 | Intelligent agricultural equipment integrating seeding and fertilizing |
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| JPH1118514A (en) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-01-26 | Aguri Techno Yazaki Kk | Direct seeder for well-drained paddy filed and direct seeding |
| JP4576600B2 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2010-11-10 | 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Sowing equipment |
| CN201403290Y (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-02-17 | 常用旺 | Machine integrating ditching, fertilizing, rotary tillage and sowing |
| CN104365201B (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2018-01-23 | 高华德 | A kind of multi-functional plant setter with rotary cultivator attachment |
| CN204180487U (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-04 | 山东潍坊烟草有限公司诸城分公司 | Take off film ridging fertilizer distributor |
| CN104380865B (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-07-06 | 中国农业大学 | Soil bar deep ploughing fertilizer returns soil and corn seeding suppression integral machine |
| CN106358466A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-02-01 | 安徽农业大学 | Double-shaft rotary tillage and stubble cleaning type fertilizing and seeding machine |
| CN206620421U (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-11-10 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of stubble-ploughing, deep-loosening ridging combined operating machine |
| CN206775952U (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-12-22 | 张贵兴 | Deep ploughing reversion rotary cultivator and towage car |
| CN207836101U (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-09-11 | 窦乐智 | The thin rake wide cut precision seeder of wheat rotation deeply |
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Effective date of registration: 20240923 Address after: 030000 81 Longcheng street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province Patentee after: SHANXI AGRICULTURAL University Country or region after: China Patentee after: Shanxi Shengliang Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 034000 nanyijing village, beiyijing Township, Xinfu District, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province Patentee before: Chang Youli Country or region before: China |