CN111535760B - Forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool and application method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a forward and backward circulation scraping and flushing tool and a use method thereof. The positive and negative circulation scraping and flushing tool is used for fracturing sand in a well bore after fracturing needs to be cleaned in the fracturing yield increasing operation, and the well bore is not cleaned when the sand is cleaned, so that a subsequent tool string cannot go to the bottom of the well, and further the tool string is blocked or blocked. In the process of cleaning sand in a shaft, the scraping shell of the positive and negative circulation flushing tool can remove the sand in the shaft and foreign matters stuck on the well wall through mechanical scraping and hydraulic flushing.

Description

A positive and negative cycle scraping and flushing tool and its use method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum fracturing and production increase, and in particular to a forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool.

Background technique

The forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool is used in fracturing and production enhancement operations. After the perforating gun is used to perforate the casing, the fracturing operation is carried out to press a large amount of sand into the formation to create seams. At this time, the fracturing sand in the wellbore needs to be cleaned for subsequent fracturing or other operations. When the sand is cleaned, the wellbore may not be cleaned cleanly, resulting in the subsequent tool string not being able to reach the bottom of the well, which in turn causes the tool string to encounter obstruction or jamming, causing trouble, so the sand in the wellbore needs to be cleaned.

In the process of cleaning the sand in the wellbore, high-pressure liquid is often injected for circulation cleaning, but there are cases where the cleaning is not thorough. There are foreign objects stuck on the wellbore wall that cannot be cleaned by flushing. The reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool can not only clean the sand in the wellbore, but also remove the foreign objects on the wellbore wall by scraping.

The forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool can clean the sand and foreign matter in the wellbore in a timely, fast and effective manner. The construction process is simple and only a certain pressure is required to clean it. It improves the flushing efficiency and is safe and economical. At present, it is necessary to develop this new wellbore cleaning tool to solve practical problems.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool, which is arranged at the bottom of the tool string and can be lowered through an oil pipe or a continuous oil pipe, and a pump is turned on on the ground to pressurize the wellbore for well cleaning.

To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

A forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool, comprising an upper joint 1, the right end of which is connected to a cylindrical middle upper body 3, a sleeve 6 is slidably connected inside the middle upper body 3; a first step 28 is formed in the middle of the middle upper body 3, a second step 29 is formed inside the sleeve 6; an elastic device is connected between the first step 28 and the second step 29; a convex-shaped ball seat 7 is slidably connected at the second step 29 of the sleeve 6, a circulation baffle 26 is fixedly connected to the left end of the ball seat 7, a plurality of through holes are formed on the circulation baffle 26 and fixedly connected to the middle upper body 3, a one-way valve structure is installed at the right end of the ball seat 7; an A hole 30 is formed on the side wall of the ball seat 7, a side groove 31 connected to the A hole 30 is formed on the left side of the second step 29 on the sleeve 6; the right side of the ball seat 7 is a circulation pipe 2 slidably connected in the sleeve 6 2. A B hole 32 is formed at the left end of the circulation pipe 22, and a sliding gap 33 is formed between the right end and the middle lower body 20; the circulation pipe 22 is fixedly connected to the tubular middle lower body 20 fixedly connected to the middle upper body 3; a C hole 34 matching the sliding gap 33 is formed on the side wall of the middle lower body 20; the middle lower body 20 is axially connected to a tubular core shaft 18, a spiral shaft 14 is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the core shaft 18, an annular tube 36 is arranged on the outer surface of the spiral shaft 14, and a spiral guide groove 37 is formed between the annular tube 36 and the spiral shaft 14; the inner cavity of the core shaft 18 is connected to the spiral guide groove 37 of the spiral shaft 14; the core shaft 18 is opened with an E hole 39 connected to the annular cavity 35; a scraping shell 15 is fixed in the middle of the core shaft 18, and a guide cone 17 is fixed on the right end, and a second nozzle 16 is installed on the guide cone 17.

As a further improvement, the upper joint 1 is provided with a plurality of inclined first nozzles 2 along the circumferential direction; the elastic device is a spring 9; the one-way valve structure is a one-way valve or a steel ball 25; the A hole 30 is an inclined hole; the side groove 31 is an annular groove; an annular cavity 35 is formed between the spiral shaft 14 and the core shaft 18; the annular cavity 35 is connected to the core shaft 18 and the spiral guide groove 37.

As a further improvement, the upper joint 1 is connected to the middle upper body 3 by threads, and a number of third top screws 27 are provided on the middle upper body 3 to prevent the threads connecting the upper joint 1 and the middle upper body 3 from loosening; a first O-ring 4 is provided on the upper joint 1 for sealing between the upper joint 1 and the middle upper body 3; a third O-ring 8 is provided between the sliding sleeve 6 and the circulation pipe 22 for sealing between the sliding sleeve 6 and the circulation pipe 22; the circulation pipe 22 is fixedly connected to the middle lower body 20 by threads.

As a further improvement, a third O-ring 8 is provided between the sleeve 6 and the circulation pipe 22 for sealing between the sleeve 6 and the circulation pipe 22; a second O-ring 5 is provided between the sleeve 6 and the ball seat 7 for sealing between the sleeve 6 and the ball seat 7; the middle upper body 3 and the middle lower body 20 are connected by threads.

As a further improvement, a number of second top screws 23 are provided on the middle lower body 20 to prevent the threads of the middle upper body 3 and the middle lower body 20 from loosening; a fourth O-ring 10 is provided on the middle upper body 3 for sealing with the middle lower body 20; a seventh O-ring 21 is provided on the sliding sleeve 6 for sealing with the middle lower body 20; an eighth O-ring 24 is provided on the ball seat 7 for sealing with the circulation pipe 22; and a fifth O-ring 11 is provided on the circulation pipe 22 for sealing with the middle lower body 20.

As a further improvement, the middle lower body 20 is connected to the core shaft 18 by threads and sealed by a sixth O-ring 12; a number of first top screws 19 are provided on the middle lower body 20 to prevent the threads between the middle lower body 20 and the core shaft 18 from loosening; two spiral shafts 14 are provided on the core shaft 18, and the spiral shafts 14 are sleeved on the core shaft 18; a plane roller bearing 13 is provided between the upper spiral shaft 14 and the middle lower body 20; a guide cone 17 is provided at the lower end and connected to the core shaft 18 by threads; another plane roller bearing 13 is provided between the lower spiral shaft 14 and the guide cone 17; a number of holes obliquely facing downward are provided on the guide cone 17; the second nozzle 16 is connected to the guide cone 17 by threads, and the first nozzle 2 is threadedly connected to the upper joint 1, so that the first nozzle 2 and the second nozzle 16 can be disassembled and replaced.

As a further improvement, one end of the spiral shaft 14 is provided with four guide keys, which cooperate with the four guide keys inside the scraper shell 15 to play a linkage role; the other end is provided with a number of spiral bevels for diversion; the outside of the scraper shell 15 is provided with a number of bevels, which are hardened to improve the scraping life; the inner wall of the scraper shell 15 is provided with a number of D holes 38 for liquid outflow.

A method for using a forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool, including a forward circulation flushing and scraping method and a reverse circulation flushing operation;

The positive cycle flushing and scraping method comprises the following steps:

The upper joint 1 is connected to the oil pipe, and the cleaning liquid is pressed into the forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool. A part of the cleaning liquid is used to flush the wellbore through the first nozzle 2; a part of the cleaning liquid flows to the A hole of the ball seat 7 through the hole of the circulation baffle 26, and then presses the sleeve 6 downward, flows to the B hole of the circulation pipe 22, and then flows to the E hole of the core shaft 18, and flows through the spiral guide groove of the spiral shaft 14 to rotate the spiral shaft 14, thereby driving the scraping shell 15 to rotate, so that the scraping shell mechanically processes the sand and foreign matter in the wellbore and cleans them; the liquid in the scraping shell 15 flows out through the D hole, which provides rotation power on the one hand and flushes the well wall on the other hand; a part of the pressurized cleaning liquid flows to several downward sloping holes of the guide cone 17 to flush the well wall, and a part of it flows to the second nozzle 16 for vertical downward high-impact cleaning operations.

As a further improvement, the steps of the reverse circulation flushing operation are as follows:

The upper joint 1 is connected to the oil pipe, and the positive and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool is sucked to form a negative pressure inside, or the cleaning fluid is pressed into the annulus between the positive and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool and the wellbore. The cleaning fluid will carry foreign matter through the C hole of the middle lower body 20 and flow into the circulation pipe 22. At this time, the sliding sleeve 6 is pushed up by the spring 9, and the C hole of the middle lower body 20 is in a communicating state with the circulation pipe; then the cleaning fluid flows to the ball seat 7, opens the steel ball 25, and then flows into the reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool through the hole on the circulation baffle 26, and then the liquid is transported to the ground through the oil pipe or the continuous oil pipe.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a structural diagram of a forward and reverse cycle scraping and flushing tool of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing the construction principle of a forward and reverse cycle scraping and flushing tool of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 1;

FIG4 is a structural diagram of a spiral shaft;

Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a scraping shell;

Among them: 1-upper joint; 2-first nozzle; 3-middle upper body; 4-first O-ring; 5-second O-ring; 6-sliding sleeve; 7-ball seat; 8-third O-ring; 9-spring; 10-fourth O-ring; 11-fifth O-ring; 12-sixth O-ring; 13-plane roller bearing; 14-screw shaft; 15-scraping shell; 16-second nozzle; 17-guide cone; 18-mandrel; 19-first top screw; 20 -middle lower body; 21-seventh O-ring; 22-circulation pipe; 23-second top screw; 24-eighth O-ring; 25-steel ball; 26-circulation baffle; 27-third top screw; 28-first step; 29-second step; 30-A hole; 31-side groove; 32-B hole; 33-F hole; 34-C hole; 35-annular cavity; 36-annular pipe; 37-spiral guide groove; 38-D hole; 39-E hole.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the terms "center", "vertical", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool of the present invention is characterized in that it includes a forward circulation flushing, scraping and flushing function and a reverse circulation flushing function.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIG. 1 , a plurality of first nozzles 2 are arranged on the upper joint 1, and the direction is obliquely upward. The upper joint 1 is connected to the middle upper body 3 by threads, and a plurality of third top screws 27 are arranged on the middle upper body 3 to prevent the threads connecting the upper joint 1 and the middle upper body 3 from loosening. A first O-ring 4 is arranged on the upper joint 1 for sealing between the upper joint 1 and the middle upper body 3. A sliding sleeve 6 is arranged in the middle upper body 3. A spring 9 is arranged between the sliding sleeve 6 and the middle upper body 3. One end of the spring 9 is pressed against the sliding sleeve 6, and the other end is pressed against the middle upper body 3. A ball seat 7 and a circulation pipe 22 are arranged inside the sliding sleeve 6. The circulation pipe 22 is connected to the middle lower body 20 by threads. A third O-ring 8 is arranged between the sliding sleeve 6 and the circulation pipe 22, which is used to seal between the sliding sleeve 6 and the circulation pipe 22. A second O-ring 5 is arranged between the sliding sleeve 6 and the ball seat 7 for sealing between the sliding sleeve 6 and the ball seat 7. The ball seat 7 is provided with a number of inclined holes for liquid circulation. A circulation baffle 26 is sandwiched between the ball seat 7 and the upper joint 1, and a number of holes are provided on the baffle. A steel ball 25 is provided inside the ball seat 7. The steel ball 25 can move back and forth between the ball seat 7 and the circulation baffle 26.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIG. 1 , the middle upper body 3 is connected to the middle lower body 20 by threads. A number of second top screws 23 are provided on the middle lower body 20 to prevent the threads of the middle upper body 3 and the middle lower body 20 from being loosened. A fourth O-ring 10 is provided on the middle upper body 3 for sealing with the middle lower body 20. A seventh O-ring 21 is provided on the sliding sleeve 6 for sealing with the middle lower body 20. An eighth O-ring 24 is provided on the ball seat 7 for sealing with the circulation pipe 22. A fifth O-ring 11 is provided on the circulation pipe 22 for sealing with the middle lower body 20.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to Fig. 1, the middle lower body 20 is provided with a number of holes for liquid flow passages. The circulation pipe is provided with a number of annular grooves for liquid flow passages.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIG. 1 , the middle lower body 20 is connected to the mandrel 18 by threads and sealed by the sixth O-ring 12. A number of first top screws 19 are provided on the middle lower body 20 to prevent the threads between it and the mandrel 18 from loosening. Two spiral shafts 14 are provided on the mandrel 18, and the spiral shafts 14 are sleeved on the mandrel 18. A plane roller bearing 13 is provided between the upper spiral shaft 14 and the middle lower body 20. A guide cone 17 is provided at the lower end and connected to the mandrel 18 by threads. Another plane roller bearing 13 is provided between the lower spiral shaft 14 and the guide cone 17. A scraping shell 15 is provided on the middle lower body 20 and the guide cone 17. A number of holes obliquely downward are provided on the guide cone 17. A second nozzle 16 is provided and connected by threads. The first nozzle 2 and the second nozzle 16 can be disassembled and replaced.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIG. 1 , the mandrel 18 is provided with a number of holes for liquid flow channels. One end of the spiral shaft 14 is provided with four guide keys, which cooperate with the four guide keys inside the scraper housing 15 to play a linkage role. The other end is provided with a number of spiral chute for diversion. The scraper housing 15 is provided with a number of chute outside, and the chute is hardened to improve the scraping life. The inner wall is provided with a number of inclined holes for liquid outflow.

Working principle introduction:

Positive circulation flushing scraping flushing principle: as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The cleaning fluid with a certain pressure is input into the positive and reverse circulation scraping flushing tool through the oil pipe or the continuous oil pipe, flows into the upper joint 1, and then passes through the circulation baffle 26. At this time, the steel ball is pressed on the ball seat 7 by the cleaning fluid, and the cleaning fluid cannot flow into the circulation pipe 22. A part of the cleaning fluid flows into the first nozzle 2 and flushes the wellbore obliquely upward, and the other part of the cleaning fluid flows through several oblique holes, namely the A hole, of the ball seat 7 and flows into the annulus between the sliding sleeve 6, and then the cleaning fluid presses the sliding sleeve 6 downward, so that the spring 9 is compressed. At this time, several oblique holes, namely the B hole, in the circulation pipe 22 are opened, and at the same time, the sliding sleeve 6 moves downward, closing several holes, namely the C hole, of the middle lower body 20. Therefore, the cleaning fluid passes through the A hole and flows through the B hole to the core shaft 18. Part of the cleaning fluid flows to the second second nozzle 16 to spray and flush the sand in the well; the other part of the cleaning fluid flows to several holes of the mandrel 18, namely the E hole, and then flows into the annular cavity between the mandrel 18 and the spiral shaft 14. The cleaning fluid with pressure flows into several spiral guide grooves of the spiral shaft 14, driving the spiral shaft 14 to rotate. At this time, the spiral shaft 14 and the scraper shell 15 are matched together through four guide keys to transmit torque. Since the spiral shaft 14 rotates under the hydraulic pressure of the cleaning fluid, the scraper shell 15 rotates, and part of the cleaning fluid is ejected through several inclined holes, namely the D hole on the scraper shell 15, which on the one hand also provides a certain rotational force to the scraper shell 15, and on the other hand flushes the well wall. Under the rotation of the scraper shell 15, the sand and foreign matter in the wellbore are mechanically cleaned. The two plane roller bearings 13 set here make the two spiral shafts 14 rotate more smoothly. This is a cycle from inside to outside.

Reverse circulation flushing principle: as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The cleaning fluid with a certain pressure passes through the reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool and the annulus of the wellbore, and carries sand and other foreign matter through several holes in the middle lower body 20, namely C holes, and flows into the circulation pipe 22. At this time, the sliding sleeve 6 has been pushed up by the spring 9, and the C holes in the middle lower body 20 are in communication with the circulation pipe. Then the cleaning fluid flows to the ball seat 7, opens the steel ball 25, and then flows into the reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool through the holes on the circulation baffle 26, and then the liquid is transported to the ground through the oil pipe or continuous oil pipe. This is a circulation from outside to inside.

The working process of the present invention is as follows:

As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the present invention is used to scrape and wash the sand in the wellbore after fracturing and the foreign matter adhering to the wellbore, and is divided into two operation modes.

One is a positive circulation scraping and flushing operation. The cleaning fluid with a certain pressure flows into the inside of the flushing tool through the oil pipe or the continuous oil pipe, and a part of it is used to flush the wellbore through the first nozzle 2; a part of it flows through the hole of the circulation baffle 26 to the A hole of the ball seat 7, and then presses the sleeve 6 down, flows to the B hole of the circulation pipe 22, and then flows to the E hole of the core shaft 18. At this time, the cleaning fluid has a certain pressure and flows through several spiral guide grooves of the spiral shaft 14 to rotate the spiral shaft 14, and then drives the scraping shell 15 to rotate, so that the scraping shell can mechanically process the sand and foreign matter in the wellbore and clean them up. The liquid in the scraping shell 15 flows out through the D hole, which provides it with rotation power on the one hand and flushes the well wall on the other hand. Part of the pressurized cleaning fluid flows to several oblique downward holes of the guide cone 17 to flush the well wall, and part of it flows to the second nozzle for vertical downward high-impact cleaning operations.

One is the reverse circulation flushing operation. The cleaning fluid of a certain pressure passes through the reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool and the annulus of the wellbore, and the sand and other foreign matter carried by it flows through several holes in the middle lower body 20, namely the C holes, into the circulation pipe 22. At this time, the sliding sleeve 6 has been pushed up by the spring 9, and the C holes in the middle lower body 20 are in communication with the circulation pipe. Then the cleaning fluid flows to the ball seat 7, opens the steel ball 25, and then flows into the reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool through the holes on the circulation baffle 26, and then the liquid is transported to the ground through the oil pipe or the continuous oil pipe. This is a circulation from outside to inside.

Claims (6)

1. The positive and negative circulation scraping and flushing tool is characterized by comprising an upper joint (1), wherein the right end of the upper joint (1) is communicated with a cylindrical middle upper body (3), and a sliding sleeve (6) is connected in the middle upper body (3) in a sliding manner; a first step (28) is formed in the middle of the middle upper body (3), and a second step (29) is formed in the sliding sleeve (6); an elastic device is connected between the first step (28) and the second step (29); the second step (29) of the sliding sleeve (6) is slidably connected with a convex ball seat (7), the left end of the ball seat (7) is fixedly connected with a circulating baffle (26), a plurality of through holes are formed in the circulating baffle (26) and are fixedly connected with the middle upper body (3), and the right end of the ball seat (7) is provided with a one-way valve structure; an A hole (30) is formed in the side wall of the ball seat (7), and a side groove (31) communicated with the A hole (30) is formed in the left side of a second step (29) on the sliding sleeve (6); the right side of the ball seat (7) is provided with a circulating pipe (22) which is connected in a sliding way in the sliding sleeve (6), the left end of the circulating pipe (22) is provided with a B hole (32), and the right end of the circulating pipe and the middle lower body (20) are provided with a sliding gap (33); the circulating pipe (22) is fixedly connected with a tubular middle lower body (20) fixedly connected with the middle upper body (3); the side wall of the middle lower body (20) is provided with a C hole (34) matched with the sliding gap (33); the middle lower body (20) is connected with a tubular mandrel (18) in a shaft way, a screw shaft (14) is sleeved and fixed outside the mandrel (18), an annular pipe (36) is sleeved outside the screw shaft (14), and a screw diversion trench (37) is formed between the annular pipe (36) and the screw shaft (14); the inner cavity of the mandrel (18) is communicated with a spiral diversion trench (37) of the spiral shaft (14); the mandrel (18) is provided with a hole E (39) communicated with the annular cavity (35); a scraping shell (15) is fixed in the middle of the mandrel (18), a guiding cone (17) is fixed at the right end, and a second nozzle (16) is arranged on the guiding cone (17);

The upper joint (1) is circumferentially provided with a plurality of first nozzles (2) which are obliquely arranged; the elastic device is a spring (9); the check valve structure is a check valve or a steel ball (25); the hole A (30) is an inclined hole; the side groove (31) is an annular groove; an annular cavity (35) is formed between the screw shaft (14) and the mandrel (18); the annular cavity (35) is communicated with the mandrel (18) and the spiral diversion trench (37);

The upper joint (1) is connected with the middle upper body (3) through threads, and a plurality of third jackscrews (27) are arranged on the middle upper body (3) to prevent the threads connected with the upper joint (1) and the middle upper body (3) from loosening; the upper joint (1) is provided with a first O-shaped ring (4) for sealing between the upper joint (1) and the middle upper body (3); a third O-shaped ring (8) is arranged between the sliding sleeve (6) and the circulating pipe (22) and is used for sealing between the sliding sleeve (6) and the circulating pipe (22); the circulating pipe (22) is fixedly connected with the middle lower body (20) through threads;

The middle lower body (20) is connected with the mandrel (18) through threads and is sealed through a sixth O-shaped ring (12); a plurality of first jackscrews (19) are arranged on the middle lower body (20) to prevent thread loosening between the middle lower body (20) and the mandrel (18); two screw shafts (14) are arranged on the mandrel (18), and the screw shafts (14) are sleeved on the mandrel (18); a plane roller bearing (13) is arranged between the upper screw shaft (14) and the middle lower body (20); the bottommost end is provided with a guide cone (17) which is connected with a mandrel (18) through threads; another plane roller bearing (13) is arranged between the screw shaft (14) at the lower part and the guide cone (17); a plurality of holes which are inclined downwards are arranged on the guide cone (17); the second nozzle (16) is connected with the guide cone (17) through threads, the first nozzle (2) is connected with the upper joint (1) through threads, and the first nozzle (2) and the second nozzle (16) can be detached and replaced.

2. The positive and negative cycle scraping and flushing tool as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a third O-ring (8) is arranged between the sliding sleeve (6) and the circulation pipe (22) for sealing with the sliding sleeve (6) and the circulation pipe (22); a second O-shaped ring (5) is arranged between the sliding sleeve (6) and the ball seat (7) and is used for sealing between the sliding sleeve (6) and the ball seat (7); the middle upper body (3) is connected with the middle lower body (20) through threads.

3. The positive and negative cycle scraping and flushing tool as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a number of second jackscrews (23) are provided on the intermediate lower body (20), preventing the intermediate upper body (3) from unscrewing from the intermediate lower body (20); a fourth O-ring (10) is arranged on the middle upper body (3) and used for sealing with the middle lower body (20); a seventh O-shaped ring (21) is arranged on the sliding sleeve (6) and used for sealing between the sliding sleeve and the middle lower body (20); an eighth O-ring (24) is arranged on the ball seat (7) and used for sealing with the circulating pipe (22); a fifth O-ring (11) is provided at the circulation pipe (22) for sealing with the intermediate lower body (20).

4. The positive and negative circulation scraping and flushing tool as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that one end of the screw shaft (14) is provided with four guide keys, which are matched with the four guide keys in the scraping shell (15) to play a linkage role; the other end is provided with a plurality of spiral chute for guiding flow; a plurality of inclined slots are arranged outside the scraping shell (15), and hardening treatment is carried out on the inclined slots; the scraping shell (15) is provided with a plurality of D holes (38) on the inner wall for liquid outflow.

5. A method of using the forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool of claim 1, comprising a forward circulation flushing and scraping method and a reverse circulation flushing operation;

The positive circulation flushing and scraping method comprises the following steps:

The upper joint (1) is communicated with an oil pipe, cleaning liquid is pressed into a forward and reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool, and a part of the cleaning liquid is used for flushing a shaft through a first nozzle (2); part of the oil flows to the hole A of the ball seat (7) through the hole of the circulation baffle (26) to press down the sliding sleeve (6), flows to the hole B of the circulation pipe (22) and then flows to the hole E of the mandrel (18), and flows through the spiral diversion trench of the spiral shaft (14) to enable the spiral shaft (14) to rotate, so that the scraping shell (15) is driven to rotate, and the scraping shell is used for mechanically treating sand and foreign matters in a shaft and cleaning up; the liquid in the scraping shell (15) flows out through the D hole, on one hand, the liquid provides rotating power, on the other hand, the well wall is washed; a part of the pressurized cleaning fluid flows to a plurality of inclined downward holes of the guide cone (17) to wash the well wall, and the other part flows to the second nozzle (16) to perform a vertical downward cleaning operation.

6. The method of using a positive and negative cycle shave flushing tool of claim 5, wherein the step of reverse cycle flushing operation is as follows:

The upper joint (1) is communicated with an oil pipe, negative pressure is formed in the suction positive and negative circulation scraping and flushing tool or cleaning liquid is pressed into the annular space between the positive and negative circulation scraping and flushing tool and a shaft, the cleaning liquid flows carried foreign matters into the circulating pipe (22) through the C hole of the middle lower body (20), at the moment, the sliding sleeve (6) is pushed up by the spring (9), and the C hole of the middle lower body (20) is in a communication state with the circulating pipe; the cleaning liquid then flows to the ball seat (7), opens the steel ball (25), and then flows to the inside of the reverse circulation scraping and flushing tool through the hole on the circulation baffle (26), and the liquid is conveyed to the ground through the oil pipe or the continuous oil pipe.