Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a milling cutter for machining a controllable roughness, so as to solve the technical problem that when a blade of a face milling cutter in the prior art is used to machine a component, the surface of the component is generally milled smoothly, but some components having a roughness requirement on the surface cannot be controlled during milling, so that after the milling is completed, the component must be machined again to make the surface of the component meet the roughness required by the design.
In view of the above, one or more embodiments of the present specification provide a milling cutter for machining a controlled roughness, including:
the cutter head comprises a cutter head and a plurality of mounting end heads fixed on the side surface of the cutter head, wherein the mounting end heads are provided with fixed side surfaces;
a blade installed on the fixed side surface, which is in a regular prism shape, and the side surface of the regular prism is divided into a rough groove surface and a smooth surface by the edge of the bottom surface, and in the blade, at least one smooth surface is included;
and the breaking edge is arranged in the rough surface of at least one blade in all the blades in one cutter head.
Further, the size of the breaking edge in each rough surface is the same, and the size of the breaking edge in different rough surfaces is different in the same blade.
Further, the blade fixing device comprises a bolt, the blade is fixed on the fixing side face through the bolt, and the bolt penetrates through a central axis of the blade.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
the standard line is arranged on the side surface of the mounting end head facing to the processing position direction of the part;
the indicating lines are arranged at the positions of the rough surface and the smooth surface;
when the indicating line is made to be in the same plane as the standard line, the side surface of the insert where the indicating line is located is aligned with the part machining position.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
the blades comprise an outer blade and an inner blade, the outer blade is rotatably connected with the inner blade through a central hole in the center of the outer blade, and the bolt penetrates through a central shaft of the inner blade;
the connecting rods are connected with the outer blade and the inner blade, one end of each connecting rod is fixed on the end surface of the inner blade, the other end of each connecting rod is a T-shaped end, the end of each connecting rod is in sliding connection with a circular groove formed in the end surface of the outer blade, and the cross section of each circular groove is in a T shape matched with the T-shaped end;
the number of the upper connecting grooves is equal to that of the edges of the bottom surfaces of the regular prism-shaped blades, and the upper connecting grooves are arranged on the inner side wall of the central hole and are arranged in an annular array;
the number of the lower connecting grooves is equal to that of the upper connecting grooves, the lower connecting grooves are arranged on the side surface of the inner blade in a rectangular array, and when one lower connecting groove faces one upper connecting groove, one rough surface or smooth surface in the blade faces the part processing position;
the connecting structure comprises a lower connecting block and an upper connecting block, wherein the lower connecting block is connected with a lower connecting groove in a sliding mode, the upper connecting block is connected with an upper connecting groove in a sliding mode, and the length of the lower connecting block is larger than that of the upper connecting block;
when the rear end of the lower connecting block is contacted with the bottom of the lower connecting groove, the upper connecting block is positioned in the upper connecting groove; when the upper connecting block is separated from the upper connecting groove, a part of the lower connecting block is positioned in the lower connecting groove;
and the screw rod is in threaded connection with the lower connecting block, and when the rear end of the lower connecting block is in contact with the bottom of the lower connecting groove, the screw rod is rotated to be fixed with the bottom of the lower connecting groove.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
locate down the connecting groove towards the spout of the lateral wall of inner blade axis and be fixed in the slider of lower connecting block, the cross section that the slider is T shape, and with spout sliding connection.
Further, including solid fixed ring, the outside of spread groove under the front end of connecting block extends, gu fixed ring and the front end fixed connection of connecting block down.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the milling cutter for machining the controllable roughness, the roughness requirement of a part to be machined is determined before machining the part, then the corresponding damage edge is selected, the blade with the damage edge is arranged on the fixed side surface of the mounting end, so that the rough surface with the damage edge in the blade is opposite to the part machining position, thus, the part material can be moved out during milling, the surface of the milled part meets the roughness of the design requirement through the damage edge, and the machining process is saved.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of this disclosure; technical solutions and advantages will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description of the present disclosure with reference to specific embodiments.
It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of the present specification should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. "first" as used in one or more embodiments of the present specification; "second" and similar words do not denote any order; quantity or importance, but merely to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up"; "Down"; "left"; "right" and the like are used only to indicate a relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may also be changed accordingly.
In view of the above objects, a first aspect of the present invention provides an embodiment of a milling cutter for machining a controlled roughness, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising:
the cutter comprises a cutter head 1 and a plurality of mounting end heads 2 fixed on the side surface of the cutter head 1, wherein the mounting end heads 2 are provided with fixed side surfaces;
a blade 3 installed at the fixed side surface, which is in the shape of a regular prism, and the side surface of the regular prism is divided into a rough groove surface and a smooth surface by the edge of the bottom surface, and in the blade 3, at least one smooth surface is included;
and breaking edges 5, wherein the breaking edges 5 are arranged in the rough surface of at least one blade 3 in all the blades 3 in one cutter head 1.
In the embodiment, before the part is machined, the roughness requirement of the part to be machined is determined, then the corresponding damage edge 5 is selected, the blade 3 with the damage edge 5 is installed on the fixed side surface of the installation end 2, and the rough surface with the damage edge 5 in the blade 3 is opposite to the part machining position, so that the part material can be moved out during milling, the milled part surface meets the roughness of the design requirement through the damage edge 5, and the machining process is saved. In addition, here, the breaking edge 5 in a rough surface cannot be fixed in the edge region of the rough surface, so that mainly in the milling process, after the blade 3 removes the redundant material of the part first, the surface of the part is machined to the roughness meeting the design requirement through the breaking edge 5, if the breaking edge 5 contacts with the surface of the part first, the breaking edge 5 is easily damaged due to too much material to be removed, and here, preferably, all the blades 3 are of the same structure, so that in the machining process, due to the larger number of the breaking edges 5, the roughness meeting the design requirement is more easily formed in the rotation process of the cutter head 1.
As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the size of the breaking edge 5 in each rough surface is the same, so as to ensure the machined roughness meeting the design requirement, and the size of the breaking edge 5 of different rough surfaces is different in the same blade 3, so that one blade 3 can machine different roughness on the surface of the part.
As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a bolt 4 is included, the blade 3 is fixed to the fixed side surface by the bolt 4, and the bolt 4 passes through the central axis of the blade 3. Here, the blade 3 is fixed on the cutter head 1 by the bolt 4, when the roughness requirement of the surface of the part to be processed is different from that of the previous part, the bolt 4 is only required to be loosened, the blade 3 is rotated, the rough surface where the damage blade 5 meeting the roughness requirement is located is rotated to the position facing the part processing, and then the blade 3 is fixed by the bolt 4.
As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the method includes:
the standard line 7 is arranged on the side surface of the mounting end head 2 facing the direction of the part processing position;
the indicating lines 6 are arranged at the positions of the rough surface and the smooth surface;
when the indicating line 6 is positioned on the same plane as the standard line 7, the side surface of the insert 3 where the indicating line 6 is positioned is aligned with the part machining position.
Therefore, the rough surface where the damage blade 5 meeting the roughness requirement is located can be enabled to be opposite to the part machining position rapidly through the indicating line 6 and the standard line 7, and deviation caused by visual observation is avoided.
In actual machining, the bolt 4 is fixed under a large torque, so that if the bolt is loosened again, the required force is large, so that if the roughness requirement of the surface of the part to be machined is different from that of the previous part, the bolt 4 is inconvenient to loosen, and as an embodiment, the method comprises the following steps:
the blade 3 comprises an outer blade 31 and an inner blade 32, the outer blade 31 is rotatably connected with the inner blade 32 through a central hole at the center of the outer blade, and the bolt 4 passes through the central shaft of the inner blade 32;
and one end of each connecting rod 8 is fixed on the end surface of the inner blade 32, the other end of each connecting rod is a T-shaped end, the end of each connecting rod is connected with the annular groove 9 arranged on the end surface of the outer blade 31 in a sliding manner, and the cross section of the annular groove 9 is in a T shape matched with the T-shaped end.
The number of the upper connecting grooves 10 is equal to that of the edges of the bottom surface of the regular prism-shaped blade 3, and the upper connecting grooves are arranged on the inner side wall of the central hole and are arranged in an annular array;
the number of the lower connecting grooves 11 is equal to that of the upper connecting grooves 10, the lower connecting grooves 11 are arranged on the side surface of the inner blade 32 in a rectangular array, and when one lower connecting groove 11 faces one upper connecting groove 10, one rough surface or smooth surface in the blade 3 faces the part machining position;
the connecting structure comprises a lower connecting block 15 connected with the lower connecting groove 11 in a sliding mode and an upper connecting block 14 connected with the upper connecting groove 10 in a sliding mode, wherein the length of the lower connecting block 15 is larger than that of the upper connecting block 14;
when the rear end of the lower connecting block 15 contacts the bottom of the lower connecting groove 11, the upper connecting block 14 is positioned in the upper connecting groove 10; when the upper connecting block 14 is separated from the upper connecting groove 10, a portion of the lower connecting block 15 is located in the lower connecting groove 11;
and the screw 17 in threaded connection with the lower connecting block 15 rotates when the rear end of the lower connecting block 15 is in contact with the bottom of the lower connecting groove 11, so that the screw 17 is fixed with the bottom of the lower connecting groove 11.
In this embodiment, when in normal processing, the rear end of the lower connecting block 15 contacts with the bottom of the lower connecting groove 11, the upper connecting block 14 is located in the upper connecting groove 10, and the rear end of the screw 17 is screwed with the bottom of the lower connecting groove 11, so that the outer blade 31 and the inner blade 32 are combined into a whole, when the roughness requirement of the surface of the part to be processed is different from that of the previous part, the screw 17 is rotated to separate the rear end of the screw from the bottom of the lower connecting groove 11, then the lower connecting block 15 is moved to the outside of the lower connecting groove 11 until the upper connecting block 14 is separated from the upper connecting groove 10, at this time, the outer blade 31 is rotated to make the rough surface of the needed destroying edge 5 approximately face the part processing position, then the lower connecting block 15 is reset, and during the resetting process, the position of the outer blade 31 is adjusted to make the upper connecting block 14 enter the upper connecting groove 10, the rough surface of the needed breaking edge 5 is opposite to the part processing position, and then the screw 17 is rotated to be fixed with the bottom of the lower connecting groove 11. Thus, the adjustment can be carried out without loosening the bolt 4, and the adjustment process is further facilitated. By means of the connecting rods 8, the outer insert 31 is not detached from the inner insert 32 during milling.
As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the method includes:
locate down connecting groove 11 towards the spout 12 of the lateral wall of interior blade 32 axis and be fixed in the slider 13 of connecting block 15 down, the cross section that slider 13 is T shape, and with spout 12 sliding connection for go up connecting block 14 after breaking away from connecting groove 10, lower connecting block 15 can not reciprocate, can be stable.
As an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, a fixing ring 16 is included, the front end of the lower connecting block 15 extends out of the lower connecting groove 11, the fixing ring 16 is fixedly connected with the front end of the lower connecting block 15, when the rear end of the screw 17 is separated from the bottom of the lower connecting groove 11, after an external force is applied to the fixing ring 16, all the lower connecting blocks 15 can be driven to move out of the lower connecting groove 11 at one time, and the efficiency is improved.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the spirit of the present disclosure, features from the above embodiments or from different embodiments may also be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present description as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
It is intended that the embodiment or embodiments of this specification cover all such alternatives as fall within the broad scope of the appended claims; modifications and variations. Accordingly, any omissions may be made that are within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of the present description; modifying; equivalents are substituted; modifications, etc. are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.