CN111525154B - Fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power generation system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power generation system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111525154B CN111525154B CN202010350190.5A CN202010350190A CN111525154B CN 111525154 B CN111525154 B CN 111525154B CN 202010350190 A CN202010350190 A CN 202010350190A CN 111525154 B CN111525154 B CN 111525154B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
- H01M8/086—Phosphoric acid fuel cells [PAFC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种燃料电池与热机混合发电系统，该发电系统的容量为1～100兆瓦，包括重整装置、磷酸燃料电池、固体氧化物燃料电池、燃烧室、压缩机、低温回热器、低温换热器、冷却介质泵、高温回热器、高温换热器、透平和预冷器。本发明能够对磷酸燃料电池余热和固体氧化物燃料电池的余热进行高效的利用，将磷酸燃料电池余热和固体氧化物燃料电池的余热提供给超临界二氧化碳循环作为热机的发电系统，系统总的发电效率可达60％以上。
The invention discloses a hybrid power generation system of a fuel cell and a heat engine. The power generation system has a capacity of 1-100 megawatts, and includes a reformer, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, a combustion chamber, a compressor, and a low-temperature heat recovery device. heat exchangers, low temperature heat exchangers, cooling medium pumps, high temperature regenerators, high temperature heat exchangers, turbines and precoolers. The invention can efficiently utilize the waste heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the waste heat of the solid oxide fuel cell, and provide the waste heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the waste heat of the solid oxide fuel cell to the power generation system of the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle as a heat engine, and the total power generation of the system The efficiency can reach more than 60%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power generation, in particular to a fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power generation system and a working method thereof.
Background
With the continuous advance of the hydrogen energy industry, fuel cell technology is also increasingly developed and matured. Among the various types of fuel cells, the most notable are proton exchange membrane fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are primarily directed to the application requirements in the transportation field, since they are capable of providing high power densities at reasonable operating temperatures (about 80 ℃). Phosphoric acid fuel cells and molten carbonate fuel cells were developed primarily for stationary applications because they have lower power densities than proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
At present, the efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell can reach more than 50 percent, and the solid oxide fuel cell is being developed for fixed application and transportation application, but the operation temperature is as high as 800-. The phosphoric acid fuel cell is the most mature technology of all fuel cells, can manufacture power generation devices with various specifications from dozens of kilowatts to dozens of megawatts, is a fuel cell product with the largest application amount outside the transportation field, and the delivery amount is increased year by year. The efficiency of the phosphoric acid fuel cell is about 40-50%, the operating temperature is about 200 ℃, and the generated waste heat needs to be discharged and utilized in the operating process, so that the phosphoric acid fuel cell can be used for heat supply or waste heat power generation to improve the energy utilization rate. The working temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is high, the temperature of the discharged waste gas can reach 800 ℃, the temperature of the tail gas after the residual fuel is combusted in the post combustion chamber can reach more than 1000 ℃, so the grade of the waste heat of the solid oxide fuel cell is very high, and the waste heat can be efficiently utilized by adopting the heat engine to generate electricity. Because the residual heat temperature of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the solid oxide fuel cell is higher and the heat is large, the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the solid oxide fuel cell can be more fully and efficiently utilized, and considerable economic efficiency can be brought.
In recent years, the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation technology is continuously developed and matured, and the potential advantages are continuously shown. The carbon dioxide has stable chemical property, high density, no toxicity, low cost, simple circulating system, compact structure, high efficiency and air cooling, and the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation can be combined with various heat sources to form a power generation system, so that the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation system has very wide and various application scenes including large-scale centralized power plants and small-scale distributed power plants. In the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation of a simple regenerative arrangement mode, because the specific heat of the working medium at the outlet of the compressor is large and the temperature is low, a low-grade heat source below 200 ℃ can be used as a component of the heat source, the phosphoric acid fuel cell just discharges the waste heat at the temperature, the temperature of the waste heat of the solid oxide fuel cell is high, and the solid oxide fuel cell is suitable for being used as a high-temperature heat source of the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation, so that a new way can be provided for the efficient utilization of the waste heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the waste heat of the solid oxide fuel cell based on a supercritical carbon dioxide circulation system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power generation system which is reasonable in design, simple in structure, simple and easy to control, and capable of efficiently utilizing the residual heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the residual heat of the solid oxide fuel cell, supplying the residual heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the residual heat of the solid oxide fuel cell to the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle as a heat engine, and enabling the total power generation efficiency of the system to be more than 60%.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power generation system is characterized by comprising
A reformer for producing hydrogen by reforming a fuel with water, one inlet of the reformer being in communication with a water source and the other inlet of the reformer being in communication with a fuel source;
the phosphoric acid fuel cell is used for generating electricity, an air inlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell is communicated with air, and a fuel inlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell is communicated with a hydrogen-rich gas product outlet of the reforming device;
the solid oxide fuel cell is used for generating electricity, an air inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is communicated with air, and a fuel inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is communicated with a hydrogen-rich gas product outlet of the reforming device;
the combustion chamber is used for carrying out combustion treatment on tail gas discharged by the solid oxide fuel cell, and an inlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with a tail gas outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell;
the compressor is used for compressing the carbon dioxide working medium;
the low-temperature regenerator is used for heating the carbon dioxide working medium pressurized by the compressor, and a low-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator is communicated with an outlet of the compressor;
the low-temperature heat exchanger is used for heating the carbon dioxide working medium pressurized by the compressor, a low-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with an outlet of the compressor, and a high-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with a cooling medium outlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell;
the outlet of the cooling medium pump is communicated with a cooling medium inlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell, and the inlet of the cooling medium pump is communicated with a high-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger;
the low-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature regenerator is respectively communicated with the low-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator and the low-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger, and the high-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature regenerator is communicated with the high-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator;
the high-temperature heat exchanger is used for heating the carbon dioxide working medium heated by the high-temperature heat regenerator again, a low-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with a low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator, and a high-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with an outlet of the combustion chamber;
the inlet of the turbine is communicated with the low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger, the outlet of the turbine is communicated with the high-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature regenerator, and the turbine is used for driving the generator to generate electricity;
and the inlet of the precooler is communicated with the high-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, and the outlet of the precooler is communicated with the inlet of the compressor.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel of the reformer may be any one of natural gas, coal gas and methanol.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reformer reforming reaction process employs a steam reforming or partial oxidation reforming process.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure at the outlet of the compressor is 15 to 25 Mpa.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inlet temperature of the turbine is 500 to 750 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the residual heat of the gas at the outlet of the high-temperature side of the high-temperature heat exchanger can preheat the air and the hydrogen-rich gas entering the solid oxide fuel cell.
A working method of a fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power generation system is operated by adopting the fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power generation system, and comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding the fuel and water into a reforming device to produce hydrogen, wherein the reforming device produces hydrogen-rich gas products which are respectively fed into a phosphoric acid fuel cell and a solid oxide fuel cell;
s2, generating power by a phosphoric acid fuel cell and generating waste heat, generating power by a solid oxide fuel cell, and further burning the discharged tail gas in a combustion chamber to generate heat;
s3, boosting the carbon dioxide working medium by a compressor, dividing the carbon dioxide working medium into two paths, wherein one path of the carbon dioxide working medium enters a low-temperature heat regenerator to absorb the waste heat of the carbon dioxide working medium discharged by a turbine, and the other path of the carbon dioxide working medium enters a low-temperature heat exchanger to absorb the waste heat discharged by a phosphoric acid fuel cell;
s4, combining the two paths of heated carbon dioxide working media, and allowing the combined carbon dioxide working media to enter a high-temperature heat regenerator to absorb the waste heat of the carbon dioxide working media discharged by a turbine;
s5, the carbon dioxide working medium heated by the high-temperature heat regenerator enters a high-temperature heat exchanger to absorb the heat of the tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell, and finally enters a turbine to expand to do work, and the tail gas discharged by the high-temperature heat exchanger can be used for preheating air and fuel entering the solid oxide fuel cell;
and S6, the carbon dioxide working medium discharged by the turbine releases heat through the high-temperature heat regenerator and the low-temperature heat regenerator, is cooled to normal temperature through the precooler, and finally returns to the compressor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can efficiently utilize the residual heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the residual heat of the solid oxide fuel cell, provides the residual heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the residual heat of the solid oxide fuel cell for the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation to be used as a power generation system of a heat engine, adopts the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation in a simple heat regeneration mode, fully utilizes the residual heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the solid oxide fuel cell, and has the total power generation efficiency of more than 60 percent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a control schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the power generation system with the capacity of 1-100 mw comprises a reformer 100, a phosphoric acid fuel cell 200, a solid oxide fuel cell 300, a combustion chamber 400, a compressor 500, a low-temperature regenerator 600, a low-temperature heat exchanger 700, a cooling medium pump 800, a high-temperature regenerator 900, a high-temperature heat exchanger 1000, a turbine 1100, a generator 1200 and a precooler 1300.
The reforming device 100 is used for reforming fuel and water to produce hydrogen, one inlet of the reforming device 100 is communicated with a water source, the other inlet of the reforming device 100 is communicated with a fuel source, in this embodiment, the fuel of the reforming device 100 can be any one of natural gas, coal gas and methanol, and the reforming reaction process of the reforming device 100 adopts a steam reforming or partial oxidation reforming process.
The phosphoric acid fuel cell 200 is used for generating electricity, the air inlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell 200 is communicated with air, the fuel inlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell 200 is communicated with the hydrogen-rich gas product outlet of the reforming device 100, the solid oxide fuel cell 300 is used for generating electricity, the air inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 300 is communicated with air, and the fuel inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 300 is communicated with the hydrogen-rich gas product outlet of the reforming device 100.
The combustor 400 is used for carrying out combustion treatment on tail gas exhausted by the solid oxide fuel cell 300, an inlet of the combustor 400 is communicated with a tail gas outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 300, the compressor 500 is used for compressing carbon dioxide working media, and the pressure at an outlet of the compressor 500 is 15-25 Mpa in the embodiment.
The low-temperature heat regenerator 600 is used for heating the carbon dioxide working medium pressurized by the compressor 500, a low-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 600 is communicated with an outlet of the compressor 500, the low-temperature heat exchanger 700 is used for heating the carbon dioxide working medium pressurized by the compressor 500, a low-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 700 is communicated with an outlet of the compressor 500, and a high-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 700 is communicated with a cooling medium outlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell 200.
The cooling medium pump 800 is used for driving a cooling medium to circulate, an outlet of the cooling medium pump 800 is communicated with a cooling medium inlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell 200, and an inlet of the cooling medium pump 800 is communicated with a high-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 700.
The high-temperature regenerator 900 is used for further heating the carbon dioxide working medium heated by the low-temperature regenerator 600, a low-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature regenerator 900 is respectively communicated with a low-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator 600 and a low-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 700, and a high-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature regenerator 900 is communicated with a high-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator 600.
The high-temperature heat exchanger 1000 is used for heating the carbon dioxide working medium heated by the high-temperature heat regenerator 900 again, a low-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 1000 is communicated with a low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 900, and a high-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 1000 is communicated with an outlet of the combustion chamber 400.
The turbine 1100 is used for providing power, an inlet of the turbine 1100 is communicated with a low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 1000, an outlet of the turbine 1100 is communicated with a high-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 1000, the turbine 1100 is used for driving the generator 1200 to generate electricity, and the inlet temperature of the turbine 1100 is 500-750 ℃ in the embodiment.
The precooler 1300 is used for cooling the carbon dioxide working medium at the high-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 600, the inlet of the precooler 1300 is communicated with the high-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 600, and the outlet of the precooler 1300 is communicated with the inlet of the compressor 500.
The invention also discloses a working method of the fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power generation system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding fuel and water into the reforming device 100 to produce hydrogen, wherein the reforming device 100 produces hydrogen-rich gas products which are respectively fed into the phosphoric acid fuel cell 200 and the solid oxide fuel cell 300;
s2, the phosphoric acid fuel cell 200 generates electricity and generates waste heat, the solid oxide fuel cell 300 generates electricity, and the exhausted tail gas enters the combustion chamber 400 to be further combusted to generate heat;
s3, boosting the carbon dioxide working medium by a compressor 500, dividing the carbon dioxide working medium into two paths, wherein one path enters a low-temperature heat regenerator 600 to absorb the waste heat of the carbon dioxide working medium discharged by a turbine 1100, and the other path enters a low-temperature heat exchanger 700 to absorb the waste heat discharged by a phosphoric acid fuel cell 200;
s4, merging the two heated carbon dioxide working media, and allowing the two carbon dioxide working media to enter a high-temperature heat regenerator 900 to absorb the waste heat of the carbon dioxide working media discharged by the turbine 1100;
s5, the carbon dioxide working medium heated by the high-temperature heat regenerator 900 enters the high-temperature heat exchanger 1000 to absorb the heat of the tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 300, and finally enters the turbine 1100 to do work by expansion, and the tail gas discharged by the high-temperature heat exchanger 1000 can be used for preheating the air and fuel entering the solid oxide fuel cell 300;
s6, the carbon dioxide working medium discharged by the turbine 1100 releases heat through the high-temperature heat regenerator 900 and the low-temperature heat regenerator 600, is cooled to normal temperature through the precooler 1300, and finally returns to the compressor 500.
In summary, the present invention adopts the parameters in Table 1
TABLE 1
The supercritical carbon dioxide cycle power generation efficiency is 39.5%, the residual heat absorbed from the phosphoric acid fuel cell is 0.84MW, and the residual heat absorbed from the solid oxide fuel cell is 1.70 MW.
Given a 40% power generation efficiency of the phosphoric acid fuel cell, the calorific value of the fuel consumed by the phosphoric acid fuel cell is 1.40MW, and the power generation amount is 0.56 MW.
Given a 50% efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell, the calorific value of the fuel consumed by the solid oxide fuel cell is 3.40MW and the amount of electricity generated is 1.70 MW.
The reformer thermal efficiency is given as 90%.
The initial estimation results in the total power generation efficiency of the whole system being 61.1%.
In conclusion, the invention can efficiently utilize the residual heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the residual heat of the solid oxide fuel cell, the residual heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the residual heat of the solid oxide fuel cell are provided for the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle to be used as a power generation system of a heat engine, the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle of a simple heat regeneration mode is adopted, the residual heat of the phosphoric acid fuel cell and the solid oxide fuel cell is fully utilized, and the total power generation efficiency of the system can reach more than 60%.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power generation system is characterized by comprising
A reformer for producing hydrogen by reforming a fuel with water, one inlet of the reformer being in communication with a water source and the other inlet of the reformer being in communication with a fuel source;
the phosphoric acid fuel cell is used for generating electricity, an air inlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell is communicated with air, and a fuel inlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell is communicated with a hydrogen-rich gas product outlet of the reforming device;
the solid oxide fuel cell is used for generating electricity, an air inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is communicated with air, and a fuel inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is communicated with a hydrogen-rich gas product outlet of the reforming device;
the combustion chamber is used for carrying out combustion treatment on tail gas discharged by the solid oxide fuel cell, and an inlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with a tail gas outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell;
the compressor is used for compressing the carbon dioxide working medium;
the low-temperature regenerator is used for heating the carbon dioxide working medium pressurized by the compressor, and a low-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator is communicated with an outlet of the compressor;
the low-temperature heat exchanger is used for heating the carbon dioxide working medium pressurized by the compressor, a low-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with an outlet of the compressor, and a high-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with a cooling medium outlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell;
the outlet of the cooling medium pump is communicated with a cooling medium inlet of the phosphoric acid fuel cell, and the inlet of the cooling medium pump is communicated with a high-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger;
the low-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature regenerator is respectively communicated with the low-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator and the low-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger, and the high-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature regenerator is communicated with the high-temperature side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator;
the high-temperature heat exchanger is used for heating the carbon dioxide working medium heated by the high-temperature heat regenerator again, a low-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with a low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator, and a high-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with an outlet of the combustion chamber;
the inlet of the turbine is communicated with the low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger, the outlet of the turbine is communicated with the high-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature regenerator, and the turbine is used for driving the generator to generate electricity;
and the inlet of the precooler is communicated with the high-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator, and the outlet of the precooler is communicated with the inlet of the compressor.
2. A fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fuel of the reforming device can be any one of natural gas, coal gas and methanol.
3. A fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reforming reaction process of the reforming device adopts a steam reforming or partial oxidation reforming process.
4. A fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pressure at the outlet of the compressor is 15-25 Mpa.
5. A fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inlet temperature of the turbine is 500-750 ℃.
6. A fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gas waste heat at the high-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger can preheat air and hydrogen-rich gas entering the solid oxide fuel cell.
7. A method of operating a fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power system, the method operating with a fuel cell and heat engine hybrid power system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, feeding the fuel and water into a reforming device to produce hydrogen, wherein the reforming device produces hydrogen-rich gas products which are respectively fed into a phosphoric acid fuel cell and a solid oxide fuel cell;
s2, generating power by a phosphoric acid fuel cell and generating waste heat, generating power by a solid oxide fuel cell, and further burning the discharged tail gas in a combustion chamber to generate heat;
s3, boosting the carbon dioxide working medium by a compressor, dividing the carbon dioxide working medium into two paths, wherein one path of the carbon dioxide working medium enters a low-temperature heat regenerator to absorb the waste heat of the carbon dioxide working medium discharged by a turbine, and the other path of the carbon dioxide working medium enters a low-temperature heat exchanger to absorb the waste heat discharged by a phosphoric acid fuel cell;
s4, combining the two paths of heated carbon dioxide working media, and allowing the combined carbon dioxide working media to enter a high-temperature heat regenerator to absorb the waste heat of the carbon dioxide working media discharged by a turbine;
s5, the carbon dioxide working medium heated by the high-temperature heat regenerator enters a high-temperature heat exchanger to absorb the heat of the tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell, and finally enters a turbine to expand to do work, and the tail gas discharged by the high-temperature heat exchanger can be used for preheating air and fuel entering the solid oxide fuel cell;
and S6, the carbon dioxide working medium discharged by the turbine releases heat through the high-temperature heat regenerator and the low-temperature heat regenerator, is cooled to normal temperature through the precooler, and finally returns to the compressor.
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