CN111503246A - Oil-gas separation labyrinth of speed reducer mainly based on oil liquid surface layer filtration and design method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil and gas separation labyrinth of a reducer mainly based on the surface layer filtering of oil and liquid surface. An oil accumulation groove is formed at the bottom of the cavity, an air flow panel is arranged above the oil accumulation groove, and an air slit is arranged on one side of the enclosure; one side of the airflow panel is connected with the enclosure above the air slit, and the other side of the airflow panel is connected to the other side. There is an interval between the side enclosures; the mixed gas formed in the gear cavity of the reducer enters from the air gap, enters the labyrinth cavity through the air flow panel, and contacts the surface layer of the oil surface when it flows under the air flow panel to make the mixture The oil foam and oil vapor in the gas melt into the accumulated oil, and the mixed gas that has been contacted and filtered by the oil continues to be further condensed and separated in the air passage above the labyrinth cavity. The advantage of the invention is that the oil and gas separation efficiency is remarkably improved and the problem of oil spilling at the exhaust valve port is completely solved after the oil accumulation filtration and the dew condensation in the gas path are separated twice.

Description

Oil and gas separation labyrinth and design method of reducer based on oil surface filtration

technical field

The invention relates to a reducer oil and gas separation and exhaust device, in particular to a reducer oil and gas separation labyrinth and a design method mainly based on oil surface filtering, and belongs to the technical field of reducer manufacturing.

Background technique

The casing of the reducer is formed by the front casing and the rear casing; the inner cavity in the casing is a closed gear cavity, and the lower part of the cavity has lubricating oil for lubricating the gears. When the reducer is working, the rotating gears The lubricating oil splashes, and the oil droplets with extremely small diameter form a mixture with the air in the cavity. When the working temperature of the reducer increases, the pressure in the cavity increases. If it is not discharged in time, the lubricating oil will leak out along all the seals. . In order to avoid this phenomenon, a breather valve is set on the upper part of the reducer casing, and an oil and gas separation labyrinth is set on the lower part of the breather valve, which is used to make the separated gas act on the pressure when the air pressure in the cavity rises. It is discharged to the outside through the ventilation valve. However, because the labyrinth designed in the prior art is too simple, only a buffer chamber is set up on the only path of the oil-air mixture, the oil-air separation effect is very limited, and the gas discharged through the ventilation valve still contains a large amount of oil foam, Oil mist, oil vapor, etc., lead to the loss of lubricating oil in the shell and affect the lubrication effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are mainly: the prior art has poor oil-gas separation effect after oil-gas mixture passes through the labyrinth, and the discharged gas still contains a large proportion of oil.

In view of the above problems, the technical scheme proposed by the present invention is:

A reducer oil-gas separation labyrinth mainly based on oil surface filtration. The front end surfaces of the enclosure are fitted together to form a labyrinth cavity, a ventilation valve capable of exhausting air is arranged on the front casing above the labyrinth cavity, and the front enclosure and the rear enclosure at the bottom of the labyrinth cavity are respectively provided with a vent valve. There is a front oil accumulation tank and a rear oil accumulation tank; a front air flow panel and a rear air flow panel are respectively arranged at the slots above the front oil accumulation tank and the rear oil accumulation tank, and the rear end face of the front air flow panel is fitted with the front end of the rear air flow panel; There are connected front air slits and rear air slits on the front and rear enclosures on the side of the notch above the front oil accumulation tank and the rear oil accumulation tank; one side of the front air flow panel is connected to the front enclosure above the front air slits. Connection, there is a space between the other side of the front airflow panel and the front enclosure on the other side of the notch above the front oil accumulation tank leading to the upper part of the labyrinth cavity. The rear enclosure is connected, and there is a gap leading to the labyrinth cavity between the other side of the rear air flow panel and the rear enclosure on the other side of the notch above the rear oil reservoir; the mixed gas formed in the gear cavity of the reducer flows from the front air slot and the rear enclosure. The rear air gap enters, enters the labyrinth cavity through the front air flow panel and the bottom of the rear air flow panel, and contacts the surface layer of the oil surface when it flows under the front air flow panel and the rear air flow panel, so that the oil foam in the mixture , oil vapor into the accumulated oil.

Further, the connection between one side of the front airflow panel and the front enclosure above the front air slit is that a downwardly curved front connecting plate is provided between the side of the front airflow panel and the front enclosure above the front air slit A front air inlet space is formed between the lower part of the front connecting plate and the oil accumulation surface formed by the front oil accumulation groove; correspondingly, a downward curved space is set between one side of the rear air flow panel and the rear enclosure above the rear air gap. The curved rear connecting plate forms a rear air inlet space between the lower part of the rear connecting plate and the oil accumulation oil surface formed by the rear oil accumulation groove.

Further, there is a gap between the bottom surface of the front air flow panel and the rear air flow panel and the oil accumulation oil surface, and when the mixed air flows through the gap, the lower layer of the mixed air flow contacts the oil accumulation oil surface and makes the oil foam in the mixture, Oil vapor dissolves into the accumulated oil.

Further, the bottom surfaces of the front air flow panel and the rear air flow panel are in contact with the oil accumulation surface, and the mixed gas passes through the oil accumulation oil surface layer under the front air flow panel and the rear air flow panel in the form of bubbles, so that the mixture is in the form of air bubbles. The oil foam and oil vapor contact the oil on the inner wall of the bubble and merge into the accumulated oil.

Further, a front shunt and a rear shunt with an I-shaped end surface are respectively arranged in the front enclosure and the rear enclosure, so that the front shunt forms a front left airway and a front right airway in the front enclosure, The rear shunt part forms a rear left airway and a rear right airway in the rear enclosure; the rear end surface of the front shunt part is abutted with the front end surface of the rear shunt part.

Further, the front shunt includes a front upper deflector, a front lower deflector and a front deflector vertically arranged between the front upper deflector and the front lower deflector. The rear deflector The component includes a rear upper deflector, a rear lower deflector and a rear deflector vertically arranged between the rear upper deflector and the rear lower deflector; the left and right sides of the front deflector are respectively provided There are a front left deflector and a front right deflector, the front left deflector is located between the front upper deflector and the front lower deflector on the left side of the front shunt, and the left side of the front left deflector is located. Connected to the left side of the front enclosure, there is a space between the right side of the front left deflector and the front splitter, the front right deflector is located on the front upper deflector and the front lower deflector on the right side of the front splitter between the plates, and the right side of the front right deflector is connected to the right side of the front enclosure, and there is a space between the left side of the front right deflector and the front splitter; correspondingly, on the left and right sides of the rear splitter A rear left deflector and a rear right deflector are also respectively provided, the rear left deflector is located between the rear upper deflector and the rear lower deflector on the left side of the rear shunt, and the rear left deflector is located between the rear upper deflector and the rear lower deflector. The left side of the rear shroud is connected to the left side of the rear enclosure, and there is a space between the right side of the rear left deflector and the rear shunt, and the rear right deflector is located on the right side of the rear shunt. between the lower air guide plates, and the right side of the rear right air guide plate is connected with the right side of the rear enclosure, and there is a space between the left side of the rear right air guide plate and the rear divider plate.

Further, the end faces of the front upper deflector, the front lower deflector, the rear upper deflector, and the rear lower deflector are all diamond-shaped; the front left deflector and the front right deflector are all acute angles. Triangular, and the acute angle apex with the smallest angle points to the front splitter plate; correspondingly, the rear left deflector and the rear right deflector are all acute-angled triangles, and the acute angle apex with the smallest angle points to the rear splitter plate.

Further, a front air-splitting angle or a rear air-dividing angle with the corner tip downwards is provided below the front and rear air-dividing parts.

A design method of a reducer oil-gas separation labyrinth mainly based on oil surface filtration is to use the inner surface of the lower part of the labyrinth cavity naturally concave as an oil reservoir in the labyrinth cavity in the reducer housing, and use the labyrinth cavity The oil obtained from oil and gas separation is deposited in the oil accumulation tank; the oil surface filter mechanism for oil and gas separation is designed to force the oil-containing mixture entering the labyrinth cavity to contact the surface layer of the oil surface where the oil accumulates in the cavity, dissolve, absorb and mix. oil in the gas.

Further, the oil-liquid surface filter mechanism for separating oil and gas is designed to force the oil-containing mixture entering the labyrinth cavity to contact the surface layer of the oil surface where the oil accumulates in the cavity and dissolve and absorb the oil in the mixture. On the cavity wall on one side of the labyrinth cavity, an air inlet slot for the mixed gas in the casing to enter the labyrinth cavity is planned; an air flow plate is planned to be arranged above the oil accumulation surface, and one side of the air flow plate is connected to the labyrinth air slot above the air inlet slot. A connecting plate is planned between the cavity walls, and there is an interval between the other side of the airflow plate and the cavity wall of the labyrinth cavity on the other side to allow the filtered gas to rise into the upper cavity of the labyrinth; design the setting heights of the two airflow plates : First, there is a gap between the bottom surface of the airflow plate and the oil surface, and the other is that the bottom surface of the airflow plate and the oil surface fit together; the air inlet slit is used as the overflow slit for the accumulated oil to flow back to the gear cavity, and the lower slit of the airflow slit is used. The height of the side determines the height of the oil level of the accumulated oil.

The advantages of the present invention are: after the oil accumulation filtration and the dew condensation in the tortuous gas path are separated twice, the oil and gas separation efficiency is significantly improved, and the problem of oil spillage at the exhaust valve port is completely solved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the front half shell of the reducer according to the first embodiment;

2 is a schematic diagram of the rear half shell of the reducer according to the first embodiment;

Fig. 3 is the partial schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the partial schematic diagram of Fig. 2;

5 is a schematic plan view of the front shunt;

Fig. 6 is a partial schematic diagram of Fig. 1, mainly showing the air flow route, and the direction indicated by the arrow is the air flow direction;

7 is a partial schematic view of the first half labyrinth in the first embodiment, and the figure mainly shows that there is a gap between the front air flow panel and the oil accumulation surface;

FIG. 8 is a partial schematic view of the front half labyrinth of the second embodiment, and the figure mainly shows that the front air flow panel is in contact with the oil accumulation surface.

In the figure: 100, front casing; 101, front half labyrinth cavity; 102, front gear cavity; 1, front enclosure; 11, front oil reservoir; 12, front air flow panel; 13, front air seam; 14, front connection 15. Front air inlet space; 16. Front shunt; 161. Front upper deflector; 162. Front lower deflector; 163. Front shunt; 17. Front left airway; 18. Front right airway ;19, front left deflector; 110, front right deflector; 111, front air distribution angle; 200, rear casing; 201, rear semi-labyrinth cavity; 202, rear gear cavity; 2, rear enclosure; 21. Rear oil accumulation tank; 22. Rear air flow panel; 23. Rear air seam; 24. Rear connecting plate; 25. Rear air inlet space; flow plate; 263, rear shunt plate; 27, rear left airway; 28, rear right airway; 29, rear left deflector; 210, rear right deflector; 211, rear air split angle; 3, ventilation valve ; 4. Oil accumulation oil level; 5. Clearance.

Detailed ways

When a certain pressure of gas is formed in the reducer casing and needs to be discharged, the oil-containing mixture gas is not completely separated from the oil and gas under the existing technical conditions, so that the lubricating oil is sprayed out with the gas, resulting in the loss of lubricating oil in the casing. In order to completely solve this problem, the present invention uses the oil accumulated in the labyrinth to absorb and dissolve the oil in the oil-containing mixed gas, specifically, the mixed gas is passed into the accumulated oil, so that the oil foam and oil in the mixed gas can be absorbed and dissolved. It is in direct contact with the oil and is dissolved and absorbed to achieve a high-efficiency filtration of the oil-containing gas mixture. However, since the gas introduced into the oil cannot enter from the bottom of the oil accumulation, the oil can only be introduced into the oil from one side of the oil surface, and the mixed gas emerges from the other side of the oil accumulation in the form of bubbles. out. If the oil is too deep, it needs to form a sufficient pressure in the reducer housing to achieve this, and it is obviously not allowed to form excessive pressure in the reducer housing. Therefore, when using the effective filtering measure of oil-liquid contact and dissolving the oil in the mixed gas, it can only be realized by the contact absorption of the oil-liquid surface layer.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the positions of the front half labyrinth cavity 101 and the front gear cavity 102 of the reducer labyrinth of the present invention are in the front housing 100 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , the positions of the rear half labyrinth cavity 201 and the rear gear cavity 202 of the reducer labyrinth of the present invention are in the rear housing 200 .

Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention will be described:

Example 1

As shown in FIGS. 3 , 4 and 7 , a reducer oil-gas separation labyrinth mainly based on oil surface filtering, has a front enclosure 1 arranged on the upper part of the inner wall of the front housing 100 and a front enclosure 1 arranged on the upper part of the inner wall of the rear housing 200 The rear enclosure 2, the rear end surface of the front enclosure 1 and the front end surface of the rear enclosure 2 fit together to form a labyrinth cavity, and the front housing 100 above the labyrinth cavity is provided with a vent valve that can exhaust air to the outside of the housing 3. It is characterized in that: the front wall 1 and the rear wall 2 at the bottom of the labyrinth cavity are respectively provided with a front oil storage groove 11 and a rear oil storage groove 21; There are respectively a front air flow panel 12 and a rear air flow panel 22, the rear end face of the front air flow panel 12 is in contact with the front end face of the rear air flow panel 22; The front air slit 13 and the rear air slit 23 are connected on the baffle 1 and the rear enclosure 2; one side of the front airflow panel 12 is connected with the front enclosure 1 above the front air slit 13, and the other side of the front airflow panel 12 There is a space between the side and the front enclosure 1 on the other side of the notch above the front oil accumulation groove 11 leading to the upper part of the labyrinth cavity. Correspondingly, one side of the rear airflow panel 22 and the rear enclosure 2 above the rear air slot 23 connection, there is a space leading to the upper part of the labyrinth cavity between the other side of the rear air flow panel 22 and the rear enclosure 2 on the other side of the notch above the rear oil reservoir 21; the mixture formed in the gear cavity of the reducer is at a certain pressure Under the action, it enters from the front air slot 13 and the rear air slot 23, enters the labyrinth cavity through the front air flow panel 12 and the rear air flow panel 22, and accumulates oil when it flows under the front air flow panel 12 and the rear air flow panel 22. The surface layer of the liquid level 4 is in contact, so that the oil foam and oil vapor in the mixed gas are integrated into the accumulated oil. In this way, the mixed gas can be more fully contacted with the accumulated oil, and the oil (oil foam, steam, etc.) contained in the gas can be directly integrated into the oil to obtain an ideal filtering effect. At the same time, since the gas does not need to be passed into the oil that is too deep, it is also not necessary to have a large air pressure in the reducer housing.

Below are further improvements.

As shown in FIGS. 3 , 4 and 7 , the connection between one side of the front airflow panel 12 and the front enclosure 1 above the front air slit 13 is the front enclosure above the side of the front airflow panel 12 and the front air slit 13 . A downwardly curved front connecting plate 14 is arranged between 1 and a front air inlet space 15 is formed between the lower part of the front connecting plate 14 and the oil accumulation surface 4 formed by the front oil accumulation groove 11; A downwardly curved rear connecting plate 24 is arranged between one side of the panel 22 and the rear enclosure 2 above the rear air slot 23, and an oil accumulation oil surface 4 formed under the rear connecting plate 24 and the rear oil accumulation groove 21 A rear air inlet space 25 is formed therebetween. In the present invention, the front air slot 13 and the rear air slot 23 are not only used for air intake, but also an overflow gap for the oil in the oil accumulation groove to return to the gear cavity. The setting of the air inlet space is to enable the mixed gas in the gear cavity to enter the front air slot 13 and the rear air slot 23 without affecting the overflow of the accumulated oil from the front air slot 13 and the rear air slot 23 .

There is a gap 5 between the bottom surface of the front air flow panel 12 and the rear air flow panel 22 and the oil accumulation surface 4. When the mixed air flows through the gap 5, the lower layer of the mixed air flow contacts the oil accumulation oil surface 4 and makes the oil in the mixture flow. Oil foam and oil vapor dissolve into the accumulated oil. In this design, the smaller the gap 5, the better the effect, the thinner the air flow through the gap 5, the more chance the oil foam and oil vapor in the gas have contact with the oil, and the more they can be absorbed dissolve. Obviously, in this case, the wider the width of the front airflow panel 12 and the rear airflow panel 22 is, the better the effect is.

After filtering through the oil surface, the mixed gas still contains a certain amount of oil. For a more thorough filtering. The inventor will solve the problem by setting up the air passage and extending the air passage, so that the oil foam and oil vapor in the mixed gas can more contact and condense with the inner wall of the air passage.

As shown in Figures 3-6, the front wall 1 and the rear wall 2 are respectively provided with a front splitter 16 and a rear splitter 26 whose end faces are I-shaped, so that the front splitter 16 is formed in the front wall 1. The front left airway 17 and the front right airway 18, the rear shunt 26 forms the rear left airway 27 and the rear right airway 28 in the rear enclosure 2; fit.

The front splitter 16 includes a front upper deflector 161, a front lower deflector 162, and a front deflector 163 vertically arranged between the front upper deflector 161 and the front lower deflector 162. The rear shunt 26 includes a rear upper deflector 261, a rear lower deflector 262 and a rear shunt 263 vertically arranged between the rear upper deflector 261 and the rear lower deflector 262; The left and right sides of the diverter 16 are also provided with a front left deflector 19 and a front right deflector 110 respectively. Between the deflectors 162, and the left side of the front left deflector 19 is connected to the left side of the front enclosure 1, there is a space between the right side of the front left deflector 19 and the front split plate 163, the front right The air deflector 110 is located between the front upper air deflector 161 and the front lower air deflector 162 on the right side of the front divider 16 , and the right side of the front right air deflector 110 is connected to the right side of the front cowl 1 . There is a space between the left side of the air guide plate 110 and the front air distribution plate 163 ; correspondingly, a rear left air guide plate 29 and a rear right air guide plate 210 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the rear air distribution member 26 . The left air deflector 29 is located between the rear upper air deflector 261 and the rear lower air deflector 262 on the left side of the rear divider 26, and the left side of the rear left air deflector 29 is connected to the left side of the rear enclosure 2, and the rear There is a space between the right side of the left air deflector 29 and the rear air deflector 263, and the rear right air deflector 210 is located between the rear upper air deflector 261 and the rear lower air deflector 262 on the right side of the rear air distribution member 26, And the right side of the rear right air deflector 210 is connected to the right side of the rear enclosure 2 , and there is a space between the left side of the rear right air deflector 210 and the rear dividing plate 263 . The above setting is to make both the left airway and the right airway form a zigzag airway, which is equivalent to increasing the length of the airway and the inner surface of the airway, so that the oil in the mixture can be more fully condensed Chance.

The front upper deflector 161 , the front lower deflector 162 , the rear upper deflector 261 , and the rear lower deflector 262 are all diamond-shaped; the front left deflector 19 , the front right deflector 110 They are all acute-angled triangles, and the acute-angled apex with the smallest angle points to the front splitter plate 163; correspondingly, the rear left deflector 29 and the rear right deflector 210 are all acute-angled triangles, and the acute-angled apex with the smallest angle points backwards Diverter plate 263. The above arrangement can make the inner wall of the airway become an inclined upward slope, which is conducive to the smooth rise of the gas and the full contact between the gas and the inner wall surface, and does not leave a dead corner where the gas cannot contact the inner wall. At the same time, the above-mentioned shape and surface design are all conducive to the smooth downward flow of the accumulated oil formed by condensation.

A front air-dividing angle 111 or a rear air-dividing angle 211 with the corner tip downwards is provided below the front dividing member 16 and the rear air dividing member 26 . This setting is to prevent the gas filtered by the oil surface layer from flowing too much to one side of the air passage in the upper part of the labyrinth cavity.

Embodiment 2

As shown in Figures 3, 4, and 8, a reducer oil and gas separation labyrinth based on oil surface filtration is different from the first embodiment in that the front air flow panel 12 and the rear air flow panel 22 have The bottom surface is in contact with the oil accumulation surface 4, and the mixed gas passes through the surface layer of the oil accumulation oil surface under the front air flow panel 12 and the rear air flow panel 22 in the form of bubbles, so that the oil foam and oil vapor in the mixed gas are in the inner wall of the bubbles. Oil contacts and dissolves into accumulated oil. This setting requires a certain air pressure in the gear cavity, and its filtering effect is slightly better than that of the first embodiment.

A design method of a reducer oil-gas separation labyrinth mainly based on oil surface filtration is to use the inner surface of the lower part of the labyrinth cavity naturally concave as an oil reservoir in the labyrinth cavity in the reducer housing, and use the labyrinth cavity The oil obtained from oil and gas separation is deposited in the oil accumulation tank; the oil surface filter mechanism for oil and gas separation is designed to force the oil-containing mixture entering the labyrinth cavity to contact the surface layer of the oil surface where the oil accumulates in the cavity, dissolve, absorb and mix. oil in the gas.

The oil surface filtering mechanism designed to separate oil and gas, forcing the oil-containing mixture entering the labyrinth cavity into contact with the surface layer of the oil surface where the oil accumulates in the cavity and dissolving and absorbing the oil in the mixed gas is in the labyrinth cavity. On one side of the cavity wall, an air inlet slot for the mixed gas in the casing to enter the labyrinth cavity is planned; an air flow plate is planned to be arranged above the oil accumulation surface, and one side of the air flow plate is connected to the labyrinth cavity cavity wall above the air inlet slot. A connecting plate is planned between the other side of the airflow plate and the cavity wall of the labyrinth cavity on the other side to allow the filtered gas to rise into the upper cavity of the labyrinth; design the setting heights of two airflow plates: one is There is a gap between the bottom surface of the air flow plate and the oil surface, and the second is that the bottom surface of the air flow plate is in contact with the oil surface. Determines the height of the accumulated oil level.

The air mixture filtered by the oil surface layer also contains a certain amount of oil. The space at the upper part of the labyrinth cavity can be used to set the air passage, so that the oil in the air mixture can condense on the inner wall of the air passage, so that the air mixture can obtain better performance. Complete oil and gas separation.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only used to describe the present invention more clearly, and should not be regarded as limiting the protection scope covered by the present invention, and any modification in equivalent form should be regarded as falling into the protection scope covered by the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an use oil liquid level surface layer to filter reduction gear oil-gas separation maze as owner, has and encloses fender (1) and set up and enclose fender (2) after the back that encloses on back casing (200) inner wall upper portion before setting up casing (100) inner wall upper portion in the front, and the preceding terminal surface that encloses fender (1) before preceding and enclose behind and keep off (2) laminates mutually and forms the maze cavity, is equipped with on procapsid (100) of maze cavity top and can be to carminative breather valve (3) outside the shell, its characterized in that: a front oil accumulation groove (11) and a rear oil accumulation groove (21) are respectively arranged on a front surrounding baffle (1) and a rear surrounding baffle (2) at the bottom of the labyrinth cavity; a front airflow panel (12) and a rear airflow panel (22) are respectively arranged at the notches above the front oil accumulation groove (11) and the rear oil accumulation groove (21), and the rear end surface of the front airflow panel (12) is attached to the front end surface of the rear airflow panel (22); a front air seam (13) and a rear air seam (23) which are communicated with each other are arranged on the front surrounding baffle (1) and the rear surrounding baffle (2) at one side of the notches above the front oil accumulation groove (11) and the rear oil accumulation groove (21); one side of the front airflow panel (12) is connected with a front surrounding baffle (1) above the front air gap (13), a space leading to the upper part of the labyrinth cavity is arranged between the other side of the front airflow panel (12) and the front surrounding baffle (1) at the other side of the notch above the front oil accumulation groove (11), correspondingly, one side of the rear airflow panel (22) is connected with a rear surrounding baffle (2) above the rear air gap (23), and a space leading to the labyrinth cavity is arranged between the other side of the rear airflow panel (22) and the rear surrounding baffle (2) at the other side of the notch above the rear oil accumulation groove (21); the mixed gas formed in the gear cavity of the speed reducer enters from the front air gap (13) and the rear air gap (23), enters the labyrinth cavity through the lower parts of the front airflow panel (12) and the rear airflow panel (22), and contacts the surface layer of the oil accumulation oil liquid level (4) when flowing through the lower parts of the front airflow panel (12) and the rear airflow panel (22), so that oil foam and oil steam in the mixed gas are melted into the oil accumulation.

2. A reducer oil-gas separation labyrinth mainly based on oil surface layer filtration according to claim 1, characterized in that: one side of the front airflow panel (12) is connected with the front surrounding baffle (1) above the front air gap (13), a front connecting plate (14) which is bent downwards is arranged between one side of the front airflow panel (12) and the front surrounding baffle (1) above the front air gap (13), and a front air inlet space (15) is formed between the lower part of the front connecting plate (14) and an oil accumulation liquid level (4) formed by the front oil accumulation groove (11); correspondingly, a rear connecting plate (24) which is bent downwards is arranged between one side of the rear airflow panel (22) and the rear surrounding baffle (2) above the rear air gap (23), and a rear air inlet space (25) is formed between the lower part of the rear connecting plate (24) and an oil accumulation liquid level (4) formed by the rear oil accumulation groove (21).

3. A reducer oil-gas separation labyrinth mainly based on oil accumulation surface filtration according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a gap (5) is formed between the bottom surfaces of the front airflow panel (12) and the rear airflow panel (22) and the oil accumulation liquid level (4), and when the mixed gas flows through the gap (5), the lower layer of the mixed gas is contacted with the oil accumulation liquid level (4) and oil foam and oil steam in the mixed gas are melted into the oil accumulation.

4. A reducer oil-gas separation labyrinth mainly based on oil surface layer filtration according to claim 2, characterized in that: the bottom surfaces of the front airflow panel (12) and the rear airflow panel (22) are attached to the oil accumulation liquid level (4), and the mixed gas passes through the oil accumulation liquid level surface layer under the front airflow panel (12) and the rear airflow panel (22) in a bubble mode, so that oil foam and oil vapor in the mixed gas are contacted with oil liquid on the inner wall of the bubble and are melted into the oil accumulation.

5. A decelerator oil-gas separation labyrinth based on oil surface layer filtration as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein: a front flow dividing piece (16) and a rear flow dividing piece (26) with I-shaped end surfaces are respectively arranged in the front surrounding barrier (1) and the rear surrounding barrier (2), so that the front flow dividing piece (16) forms a front left air passage (17) and a front right air passage (18) in the front surrounding barrier (1), and the rear flow dividing piece (26) forms a rear left air passage (27) and a rear right air passage (28) in the rear surrounding barrier (2); the rear end surface of the front flow dividing member (16) is jointed with the front end surface of the rear flow dividing member (26).

6. A reducer oil-gas separation labyrinth mainly based on oil surface layer filtration according to claim 5, characterized in that: the front flow dividing piece (16) comprises a front upper guide plate (161), a front lower guide plate (162) and a front flow dividing plate (163), wherein the front upper guide plate and the front lower guide plate are transversely arranged, the front flow dividing plate (163) is vertically arranged between the front upper guide plate (161) and the front lower guide plate (162), and the rear flow dividing piece (26) comprises a rear upper guide plate (261), a rear lower guide plate (262) and a rear flow dividing plate (263), wherein the rear upper guide plate (261) and the rear lower guide plate (262) are transversely arranged, and the rear flow dividing plate (263) is; a front left guide plate (19) and a front right guide plate (110) are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the front flow dividing part (16), the front left guide plate (19) is positioned between a front upper guide plate (161) and a front lower guide plate (162) on the left side of the front flow dividing part (16), the left side of the front left guide plate (19) is connected with the left side of the front enclosure (1), a gap is formed between the right side of the front left guide plate (19) and the front flow dividing plate (163), the front right guide plate (110) is positioned between the front upper guide plate (161) and the front lower guide plate (162) on the right side of the front flow dividing part (16), the right side of the front right guide plate (110) is connected with the right side of the front enclosure (1), and a gap is formed between the left side of the front right guide plate (110) and the; correspondingly, back left guide plate (29) and back right guide plate (210) are still provided with respectively in the left and right sides of back reposition of redundant personnel piece (26), back left guide plate (29) are located back reposition of redundant personnel piece (26) left back and are gone up between guide plate (261) and back lower guide plate (262), and the left side of back left guide plate (29) is connected with the left side of back fender (2), have the interval between the right side of back left guide plate (29) and back reposition of redundant personnel board (263), back right guide plate (210) are located back reposition of redundant personnel piece (26) right side and are gone up between guide plate (261) and back lower guide plate (262), and the right side of back right guide plate (210) is connected with the right side of back fender (2), have the interval between the left side of back right guide plate (210) and back reposition of redundant personnel board (263).

7. A reducer oil-gas separation labyrinth mainly based on oil surface layer filtration according to claim 6, characterized in that: the end surfaces of the front upper guide plate (161), the front lower guide plate (162), the rear upper guide plate (261) and the rear lower guide plate (262) are all in a diamond shape; the front left guide plate (19) and the front right guide plate (110) are in acute triangle shapes, and the acute vertex of the acute angle with the smallest angle points to the front flow distribution plate (163); correspondingly, the rear left guide plate (29) and the rear right guide plate (210) are in an acute triangle, and the acute vertex angle with the smallest angle points to the rear flow distribution plate (263).

8. A reducer oil-gas separation labyrinth mainly based on oil surface layer filtration according to claim 6, characterized in that: and a front gas distribution angle (111) or a rear gas distribution angle (211) with a downward angle point is arranged below each of the front flow distribution piece (16) and the rear flow distribution piece (26).

9. A design method of oil-gas separation labyrinth of speed reducer mainly using oil liquid surface layer filtration is characterized in that in the labyrinth cavity in the speed reducer shell, the naturally concave inner surface of the lower part of the labyrinth cavity is used as oil accumulation groove, and oil obtained by oil-gas separation of labyrinth cavity is deposited in the oil accumulation groove; the oil-gas separation oil liquid surface layer filtering mechanism is designed to force the oil-containing mixed gas entering the labyrinth cavity to contact with the surface layer of the oil liquid surface of the oil accumulated in the cavity and dissolve and absorb the oil in the mixed gas.

10. The design method of claim 9, wherein the oil-gas separation oil liquid surface layer filtering mechanism is designed to force the oil-containing gas mixture entering the labyrinth cavity to contact with the oil liquid surface layer of the oil accumulation in the cavity and dissolve and absorb the oil content in the gas mixture, and an air inlet slit for the gas mixture entering the labyrinth cavity in the shell is planned on the cavity wall at one side of the labyrinth cavity; an airflow plate is arranged above the oil level of the accumulated oil in a planning way, a connecting plate is arranged between one side of the airflow plate and the wall of the labyrinth cavity on the upper side of the gas inlet seam in a planning way, and a space for enabling the filtered gas to rise into the cavity at the upper part of the labyrinth is reserved between the other side of the airflow plate and the wall of the labyrinth cavity on the other side; designing the setting height of two airflow plates: firstly, a gap is reserved between the bottom surface of the airflow plate and the oil liquid level, and secondly, the bottom surface of the airflow plate is attached to the oil liquid level; the gas inlet seam is an overflow seam for the accumulated oil to flow back to the gear cavity, and the height of the seam edge at the lower part of the gas flow seam determines the height of the liquid level of the accumulated oil.

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