CN111497334B - Bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of bagging, and particularly relates to a bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps: (1) paper selection: selecting base paper with good quality and good air permeability as a raw material to prepare a paper bag; (2) infiltrating: soaking the base paper in the immersion liquid for 4-5min, taking out, and drying to obtain semi-finished paper; (3) coating: coating a slow release agent on one surface of the semi-finished paper, and naturally drying to obtain finished paper; (4) manufacturing a paper bag: taking the surface of the finished paper coated with the medicament as the inner surface of the bag to prepare a fruit bag; (5) and (6) bagging. The invention adopts the raw paper treated by the immersion liquid and the slow-release medicament to prepare the sleeve bag, can effectively improve the waterproof performance, improve the heat in the sleeve bag and has good control effect on pathogenic bacteria and pests in the sleeve bag; effectively reduced the emergence of bagging-off fruit plant diseases and insect pests, showing the quality that has improved fruit, this technical operation is simple, and green is high-efficient, suitable popularization and application.

Description

A bagging technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of bagging, and in particular relates to a technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests.

Background technique

Fruit bagging is mainly in the late stage of fruit growth, and its function is to prevent the fruit from being attacked by birds, pests and diseases and damage from wind, rain and sunlight when it is close to maturity, resulting in reduced harvest or difference in quality. At the same time, it can isolate the erosion of the fruit from environmental pollution, so that it will not be scratched by the branches during the growth process. Bagging can produce a local greenhouse effect, keep the fruit at proper humidity and temperature, improve the sweetness of the fruit, improve the luster of the fruit, increase the yield of the fruit, and shorten its growth period. In addition, pesticides are not required to be applied during the growth of the fruit, the residual amount of pesticides in the fruit is reduced, and the quality and commercial value of the fruit are improved.

In recent years, people have carried out a lot of research on the effect of fruit bagging technology on fruit quality, and the bagging technology has become more and more mature; but in the actual production process, there are often problems that affect the bagging effect and reduce economic benefits. The problem of pest damage of bag fruit. Studies have found that bagging fruits will induce new diseases and insect pests, and bagged fruits are prone to sunburn, black spot, soft rot, gray mold, brown rot, anthracnose, stem rot, aphids, and leaf curl. Insect pests, fruit flies, etc. At present, in order to reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests of bagged fruits, people usually spray pesticides and fungicides before bagging the fruits, but this method will cause pesticide residues, and the control effect is very small in the later stage of bagging fruit growth. Therefore, people began to study new fruit bagging technology.

For example, the patent with publication number CN105851027A discloses a fruit bag safety agent and its application for improving the external quality of Fuji apples; On the paper of the inner bag of the fruit bag, and on the inner wall of the inner bag of the single standard fruit bag. The paper that has not been made into the inner bag of the sack after applying the medicine is used as a fruit bag, and the finished bag after applying the medicine is used directly. Through the fruit bag provided by the invention, the diseased fruit rate of Fuji is reduced to 6.22%, the rate of rusted fruit is reduced to 12.50%, and the high-quality fruit rate of Fuji is increased by about 10%, which has a significant effect, and at the same time, the pesticide residues in the fruit and the fruit bag are both uniform. within the usable range.

The bagging technology provided by the above-mentioned patent can play a good control effect on bagged fruits in the early stage of fruit bagging, but the stability of the chemical is poor, it is easy to fail in the later stage of growth of the bagged fruits, and the control effect is poor; Sunburn is also less effective.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a bagging technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests, which is specifically realized through the following technical solutions.

A bagging technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) Paper selection: choose base paper with good quality and good air permeability as raw material to prepare paper bags;

(2) Immersion: immerse the base paper in the immersion solution for 4-5min, take it out and dry it to obtain semi-finished paper;

(3) coating: take the semi-finished paper, apply a slow-release agent on one side of the paper, and dry it naturally to obtain the finished paper;

(4) Paper bag making: the side of the finished paper coated with the medicament is used as the inner side of the bag to make the fruit bag;

(5) Bagging: The fruits are bagged by using the prepared fruit bagging.

Preferably, the infusion is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8-1 part of sodium alginate, 0.3-0.5 part of tea saponin, 0.1-0.2 part of wood vinegar, 0.6-0.8 parts of allicin, 0.6-0.8 parts of capsaicin, 0.3-0.5 parts of menthol.

Preferably, the preparation method of the infusion solution is as follows: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding water with 30 times the mass of the mixture, gradually stirring and heating up to 80-90° C., and standing for 10-15min , obtain the mixed emulsion; filter to remove the particulate matter in the mixed emulsion, after the filtrate is cooled to 40-50 ℃, add allicin, capsaicin, menthol, stir until completely dissolved, and prepare the infusion.

The immersion liquid has good bonding performance with the base paper. After the base paper is treated with the immersion liquid, the waterproofness of the base paper can be improved. The infusion also has strong thermal stability and weather resistance. Under the natural environment, allicin, capsaicin and menthol in the infusion can remain stable for a long time, repelling pests and preventing them from contacting with bagging; Moreover, the immersion liquid has little effect on the air permeability of the base paper. In addition, the base paper treated with liquid immersion can reduce sunlight exposure and prevent the sustained-release agent on the inner wall of the bag from failing due to excessive sunlight.

Preferably, in the step (2), the drying temperature is 50-60°C.

Preferably, the sustained-release medicament is made from the following raw materials by weight: 3-4 parts of chitosan, 2-3 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.2-0.4 parts of diatomaceous earth, 0.6-0.8 parts of polyoxamycin , 0.6-0.8 parts of eucalyptol, 0.3-0.5 parts of calcium hydroxide, 0.6-0.8 parts of quartz sand.

Preferably, the particle size of the quartz sand is 80-100 mesh.

Preferably, the preparation method of the sustained-release agent is as follows: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomaceous earth, dissolving in water with a mass of 20 times and stirring evenly, heating to 60-70° C., and keeping the temperature for 10-20 minutes. , and then add calcium hydroxide and quartz sand and mix evenly to obtain a mixture; after the mixture is cooled to 30-35°C, heat preservation at 30-35°C for 20-30min, and then naturally cool to room temperature.

Preferably, the coating amount of the sustained-release agent is 20-30 g/m ² .

The chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomaceous earth used in the sustained-release agent have adsorption properties, which can absorb part of polyvinylidene, eucalyptol, and calcium elements, so that the medicinal components in the bag can be used during use. It can release the active ingredients slowly in the middle, prolong the effect of the agent, improve the stability of polydomycin and eucalyptol, and avoid the failure of polydomycin and eucalyptol due to environmental mutation. Chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose, and diatomaceous earth also have certain antibacterial effects. Quartz sand and diatomaceous earth can promote the slow-release agent to form an irregular pore structure on the white surface of the paper, maintain the air permeability of the bagging paper, and at the same time have the effect of reducing the heat in the bag, preventing the heat in the bag from being too high when the ambient temperature is too high cause fruit sunburn. Polyamycin and eucalyptol can effectively kill germs and pests in the bag.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The method adopts the base paper treated with liquid soaking and slow-release agents to make the bag, which can effectively improve the waterproof performance, improve the heat in the bag, and has a good control effect on the pathogenic bacteria and pests in the bag; The occurrence of fruit sunburn, black spot, soft rot, gray mold, brown rot, anthracnose, pedicel rot, aphids, leaf rollers, small fruit flies and other diseases and insect pests reduces the incidence of fruit diseases and insect pests. Improve the quality of fruit.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further limited below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the scope of protection is not limited to the description.

Example 1

A bagging technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) Paper selection: choose base paper with good quality and good air permeability as raw material to prepare paper bags;

(2) Immersion: immerse the base paper in the immersion solution for 4-5min, take it out, and dry it at 50-60°C to obtain semi-finished paper;

(3) coating: take the semi-finished paper, coat one side of the paper with a sustained-release agent, and the dosage is 20-30g/m ² , and dry it naturally to obtain the finished paper;

(4) Paper bag making: the side of the finished paper coated with the medicament is used as the inner side of the bag to make the fruit bag;

(5) Bagging: The fruits are bagged by using the prepared fruit bagging.

Described infusion is made of following raw materials by weight: 2kg carboxymethyl cellulose, 1kg sodium alginate, 0.3kg tea saponin, 0.2kg wood vinegar, 0.6kg allicin, 0.8kg capsaicin, 0.3kg mint brain.

The preparation method of the infusion solution is as follows: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding water with 30 times the mass of the mixture, gradually stirring and heating up to 80-90 DEG C, and leaving it for 10 minutes to prepare a mixed emulsion ; Remove the particulate matter in the mixed emulsion by filtration, and after the filtrate is cooled to 40-50° C., add allicin, capsaicin, and menthol, and stir until it is completely dissolved to obtain an infusion.

The slow-release medicament is made from the following raw materials by weight: 3kg of chitosan, 3kg of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.2kg of diatomaceous earth, 0.8kg of polyantimycin, 0.6kg of eucalyptol, 0.5kg of calcium hydroxide, 0.6kg quartz sand (80 mesh).

The preparation method of the slow-release agent is as follows: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomaceous earth, dissolving in water with a mass of 20 times, stirring evenly, heating to 60-70° C., keeping the temperature for 10 minutes, and then adding hydroxide Calcium and quartz sand are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; after the mixture is cooled to 30-35°C, heat preservation treatment is performed at 30-35°C for 20 minutes, and then naturally cooled to room temperature.

Example 2

A bagging technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) Paper selection: choose base paper with good quality and good air permeability as raw material to prepare paper bags;

(2) Immersion: immerse the base paper in the immersion solution for 4-5min, take it out, and dry it at 50-60°C to obtain semi-finished paper;

(3) coating: take the semi-finished paper, coat one side of the paper with a sustained-release agent, and the dosage is 20-30g/m ² , and dry it naturally to obtain the finished paper;

(4) Paper bag making: the side of the finished paper coated with the medicament is used as the inner side of the bag to make the fruit bag;

(5) Bagging: The fruits are bagged by using the prepared fruit bagging.

Described infusion is made of following raw materials by weight: 3kg carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8kg sodium alginate, 0.5kg tea saponin, 0.1kg wood vinegar, 0.8kg allicin, 0.6kg capsaicin, 0.5kg Menthol.

The preparation method of the infusion solution is as follows: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding water with 30 times the mass of the mixture, gradually stirring and heating up to 80-90 DEG C, and standing for 15 minutes to prepare a mixed emulsion ; Remove the particulate matter in the mixed emulsion by filtration, and after the filtrate is cooled to 40-50° C., add allicin, capsaicin, and menthol, and stir until it is completely dissolved to obtain an infusion.

The slow-release medicament is made from the following raw materials by weight: 4kg of chitosan, 2kg of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.4kg of diatomaceous earth, 0.6kg of polyantimycin, 0.8kg of eucalyptol, 0.3kg of calcium hydroxide, 0.8kg quartz sand (100 mesh).

The preparation method of the sustained-release agent is as follows: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomaceous earth, dissolving in water with a mass of 20 times, stirring evenly, heating to 60-70° C., keeping the temperature for 20 minutes, and then adding hydrogen peroxide Calcium and quartz sand are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; after the mixture is cooled to 30-35°C, heat preservation treatment is performed at 30-35°C for 20 minutes, and then it can be cooled to room temperature naturally.

Example 3

A bagging technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) Paper selection: choose base paper with good quality and good air permeability as raw material to prepare paper bags;

(2) Immersion: immerse the base paper in the immersion solution for 4-5min, take it out, and dry it at 50-60°C to obtain semi-finished paper;

(3) coating: semi-finished paper, coated with slow-release agent on one side of the paper, the dosage is 20-30g/m ² , and after natural drying, finished paper is obtained;

(4) Paper bag making: the side of the finished paper coated with the medicament is used as the inner side of the bag to make the fruit bag;

(5) Bagging: The fruits are bagged by using the prepared fruit bagging.

The infusion is made of the following raw materials by weight: 3kg carboxymethyl cellulose, 1kg sodium alginate, 0.5kg tea saponin, 0.2kg wood vinegar, 0.8kg allicin, 0.8kg capsaicin, 0.3-0.5 kg menthol.

The preparation method of the infusion solution is as follows: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding water with 30 times the mass of the mixture, gradually stirring and heating up to 80-90 DEG C, and leaving it for 10 minutes to prepare a mixed emulsion ; Remove the particulate matter in the mixed emulsion by filtration, and after the filtrate is cooled to 40-50° C., add allicin, capsaicin, and menthol, and stir until it is completely dissolved to obtain an infusion.

The slow-release medicament is made from the following raw materials by weight: 3.5kg chitosan, 3kg microcrystalline cellulose, 0.3kg diatomaceous earth, 0.7kg polyamycin, 0.6kg eucalyptol, 0.4kg calcium hydroxide , 0.8kg quartz sand (100 mesh).

The preparation method of the slow-release agent is as follows: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomaceous earth, dissolving in water with a mass of 20 times, stirring evenly, heating to 60-70° C., keeping the temperature for 10 minutes, and then adding hydroxide Calcium and quartz sand are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; after the mixture is cooled to 30-35°C, heat preservation treatment is performed at 30-35°C for 30 minutes, and then naturally cooled to room temperature.

Example 4

A bagging technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests, specifically comprising the following steps:

(1) Paper selection: choose base paper with good quality and good air permeability as raw material to prepare paper bags;

(2) Immersion: immerse the base paper in the immersion solution for 4-5min, take it out, and dry it at 50-60°C to obtain semi-finished paper;

(3) coating: take the semi-finished paper, coat one side of the paper with a sustained-release agent, and the dosage is 20-30g/m ² , and dry it naturally to obtain the finished paper;

(4) Paper bag making: the side of the finished paper coated with the medicament is used as the inner side of the bag to make the fruit bag;

(5) Bagging: The fruits are bagged by using the prepared fruit bagging.

Described infusion is made of following raw materials by weight: 3kg carboxymethyl cellulose, 1kg sodium alginate, 0.5kg tea saponin, 0.2kg wood vinegar, 0.8kg allicin, 0.8kg capsaicin, 0.5kg mint brain.

The preparation method of the infusion solution is as follows: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding water with 30 times the mass of the mixture, gradually stirring and heating up to 80-90 DEG C, and standing for 15 minutes to prepare a mixed emulsion ; Remove the particulate matter in the mixed emulsion by filtration, and after the filtrate is cooled to 40-50° C., add allicin, capsaicin, and menthol, and stir until it is completely dissolved to obtain an infusion.

The slow-release medicament is made from the following raw materials by weight: 4kg of chitosan, 3kg of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.4kg of diatomaceous earth, 0.8kg of polyantimycin, 0.8kg of eucalyptol, 0.5kg of calcium hydroxide, 0.8kg quartz sand (80 mesh).

The preparation method of the sustained-release agent is as follows: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomaceous earth, dissolving in water with a mass of 20 times, stirring evenly, heating to 60-70° C., keeping the temperature for 20 minutes, and then adding hydrogen peroxide Calcium and quartz sand are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; after the mixture is cooled to 30-35°C, heat preservation treatment is performed at 30-35°C for 30 minutes, and then naturally cooled to room temperature.

Comparative Example 1

The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the base paper is not treated with liquid immersion, that is, there is no step (2).

Comparative Example 2

The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the semi-finished paper is not treated with a sustained-release agent, that is, there is no step (3).

Comparative Example 3

Carry out bagging treatment according to the examples in the patent with publication number CN105851027A: dilute 3% polydoxomycin 30 times, apply the liquid medicine evenly on the inner wall of the inner bag of the finished fruit bag, and the application amount is 1-1.2ml / piece, dried in the shade.

Experimental example 1 bagging performance index detection

Take the conventional fruit growing bag paper, according to the methods of Example 1-Example 4 and Comparative Example 1-3, the fruit growing bag paper, take the untreated fruit growing bag paper as a blank control, and detect according to GB/T19341-2015 Quality standard for bag paper. The test results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1

It can be seen from the table that using the method provided by the present invention to treat the bagging paper can effectively improve the strength of the bagging paper, improve the waterproof performance of the paper, and has little effect on the air permeability of the bagging paper.

Experimental example 2 Detection of the effect of preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests

1, choose the kiwifruit (Hongyang kiwifruit) tree of the fruit setting stage to carry out the experiment, adopt the bagging of embodiment 1-4 and comparative example 1-3 to carry out apple, bagging, with untreated bagging as blank control, statistics The diseased fruit after bagging treatment; the statistical results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

bagged fruit/piece Diseased fruit rate/% Sunburn/% High-quality fruit rate/% blank 300 14.00 6.66 50.66 Example 1 300 5.33 1.00 80.00 Example 2 300 4.66 0.60 81.66 Example 3 300 5.33 1.33 81.00 Example 4 300 5.66 1.00 80.33 Comparative Example 1 300 9.00 1.66 77.33 Comparative Example 2 300 9.66 2.00 75.33 Comparative Example 3 300 8.66 2.33 76.66

2. Select the kiwifruit (Guichang kiwifruit) tree in the fruit setting stage to carry out the experiment, adopt the bagging of Example 1-4 and Comparative Example 1-3 to bag the kiwifruit, and use the untreated bagging as a blank control. The diseased fruit after bag treatment; the statistical results are shown in Table 3.

table 3

bagged fruit/piece Diseased fruit rate/% Sunburn/% High-quality fruit rate/% blank 300 12.66 6.33 54.66 Example 1 300 2.33 0.66 90.33 Example 2 300 3.00 0.66 88.00 Example 3 300 3.33 1.00 88.66 Example 4 300 3.33 1.00 89.33 Comparative Example 1 300 6.33 4.33 80.33 Comparative Example 2 300 8.66 5.00 77.33 Comparative Example 3 300 7.00 4.33 82.00

3, select the peach (heart) tree of the fruit setting stage to carry out the experiment, adopt the bagging of embodiment 1-4 and comparative example 1-3 to carry out bagging to mango, take untreated bagging as blank control, count bagging The diseased fruits after treatment; the statistical results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4

bagged fruit/piece Diseased fruit rate/% Sunburn/% High-quality fruit rate/% blank 300 20.66 11.33 47.66 Example 1 300 6.00 2.66 80.33 Example 2 300 5.33 2.00 81.00 Example 3 300 7.00 3.00 79.33 Example 4 300 6.33 2.33 80.66 Comparative Example 1 300 10.33 4.66 75.33 Comparative Example 2 300 13.33 5.66 73.66 Comparative Example 3 300 11.33 6.33 72.33

4. Select the apple (red Fuji) tree in the fruit setting stage to carry out the experiment, adopt the bagging of embodiment 1-4 and comparative example 1-3 to bag the apple, take the untreated bagging as blank control, and count the bagging The diseased fruits after treatment; the statistical results are shown in Table 5.

table 5

bagged fruit/piece Diseased fruit rate/% Sunburn/% High-quality fruit rate/% blank 300 13.66 7.66 60.33 Example 1 300 3.66 1.66 86.00 Example 2 300 3.00 0.67 87.00 Example 3 300 2.33 1.00 86.66 Example 4 300 3.00 1.00 86.00 Comparative Example 1 300 5.33 2.66 80.33 Comparative Example 2 300 8.33 3.00 77.33 Comparative Example 3 300 7.66 4.33 75.33

It must be pointed out here that the above examples and test examples are only for further elaboration and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as further limiting the technical solutions of the present invention. Inventions and creations with sexual characteristics and significant progress still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a bagging technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Paper selection: choose base paper with good quality and good air permeability as raw material to prepare paper bags; (2) Immersion: immerse the base paper in the immersion solution for 4-5min, take it out and dry it to obtain semi-finished paper; The infusion is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8-1 part of sodium alginate, 0.3-0.5 part of tea saponin, 0.1-0.2 part of wood vinegar, 0.6-0.88 part of Parts Allicin, 0.6-0.8 Parts Capsaicin, 0.3-0.5 Parts Menthol; (3) coating: take semi-finished paper, apply slow-release agent on one side of the paper, and dry it naturally to obtain finished paper; The slow-release medicament is made from the following raw materials by weight: 3-4 parts of chitosan, 2-3 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.2-0.4 parts of diatomaceous earth, 0.6-0.8 parts of polyantimycin, 0.6-0. 0.8 part of eucalyptol, 0.3-0.5 part of calcium hydroxide, 0.6-0.8 part of quartz sand; (4) Paper bag making: the side of the finished paper coated with the medicament is used as the inner side of the bag to make the fruit bag; (5) Bagging: The fruits are bagged by using the prepared fruit bagging. 2. the bagging technology of preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described infusion is: mix carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, tea saponin, add mixture quality 30% times of water, gradually stirred and heated to 80-90°C, and allowed to stand for 10-15min to prepare a mixed emulsion; filter to remove the particulate matter in the mixed emulsion, and after the filtrate was cooled to 40-50°C, add allicin, capsaicin, and menthol. , and stir until completely dissolved to obtain an infusion. 3. The bagging technology of claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (2), the drying temperature is 50-60°C. 4. The bagging technique for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the granularity of the quartz sand is 80-100 mesh. 5. The bagging technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the slow-release agent is: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomaceous earth, dissolving in the quality of the 20 times of water, stir evenly, heat to 60-70°C, keep warm for 10-20min, then add calcium hydroxide and quartz sand and mix evenly to make a mixture; after the mixture is cooled to 30-35°C, keep at 30-35°C Treat for 20-30min and cool to room temperature naturally. 6 . The bagging technology for preventing and controlling fruit diseases and insect pests according to claim 1 , wherein the coating amount of the slow-release agent is 20-30 g/m ² .