CN111484218B - Cold region anaerobic fermentation biogas production method based on economic operation temperature - Google Patents
Cold region anaerobic fermentation biogas production method based on economic operation temperature Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001447 polyvinyl benzene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003851 biochemical process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cold region anaerobic fermentation biogas production method based on economic operation temperature, belongs to the field of agricultural waste resource utilization, and aims to solve the problems of low temperature increasing and heat preserving efficiency and low biogas production efficiency of the existing cold region anaerobic fermentation biogas production method. The method for producing the biogas by anaerobic fermentation comprises the following steps: the anaerobic digestion reactor consists of an anaerobic fermentation device and a gas collection device, wherein a PVC or benzene plate is coated outside the anaerobic fermentation device to serve as a heat insulation layer; secondly, using the liquid dung as a substrate in an anaerobic fermentation device, adjusting the TS of the liquid dung to 2.5% -3.5% by using old biogas slurry, adding trace metal elements, and carrying out heat preservation and heating on the anaerobic fermentation device; and thirdly, collecting the biogas generated in the second step by anaerobic fermentation, and completing the cold region anaerobic fermentation based on the economic operation temperature to generate the biogas. The anaerobic fermentation device is insulated by the PVC or benzene plate, so that the temperature drop caused by heat dissipation loss is reduced by less than 0.5 ℃/day, and the biogas yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of agricultural wastes, and particularly relates to a method for producing biogas through anaerobic fermentation in a cold region.
Background
As is well known, the technology of producing biogas by anaerobic digestion is suitable for the treatment of easily biodegradable organic matters, and the characteristics of livestock and poultry manure and crop straws are matched with the material. Taking Heilongjiang province as an example, the biogas is produced by utilizing crop straws and livestock and poultry manure, and the development potential of the biogas reaches 200 hundred million m3In the above-mentioned manner,equivalent to 3200 ten thousand tons of standard coal. Through large-scale anaerobic digestion treatment, the livestock and poultry manure and the crop straws are reduced, the environmental pollution is avoided, meanwhile, high-grade biogas and organic fertilizer can be obtained, and multiple benefits are achieved. Firstly, the anaerobic digestion can effectively reduce the discharge amount of the livestock and poultry manure and the crop straws, and reduce the occupied area and the harm of toxic substances to water and the atmosphere. And secondly, the biogas can replace part of fossil fuels, and has great significance for relieving energy shortage and atmospheric pollution conditions, improving the energy structure of China and guaranteeing the energy safety of China.
The biogas fermentation process is a complex biochemical process with the combination and alternate action of various microorganisms, and a fermentation system is limited by the conditions of substrate variety, temperature, moisture, pH value, tightness and the like. Particularly in northern China, biogas engineering shows the problems of low temperature-increasing and heat-preserving efficiency, low gas-producing efficiency, short gas-producing time and the like of a fermentation device, and the development of the biogas fermentation device is severely limited due to high construction and operation cost and poor economic benefit. Inorganic nutrient deficiency has great influence on the anaerobic digestion methane fermentation stage, and the trace nutrient elements not only can provide nutrient elements for the growth of methanogenic flora, improve the activity of the methanogenic flora, ensure that the substrate is decomposed and utilized to the maximum extent, improve the methane production efficiency, but also can improve the tolerance of microorganisms to toxins and certain inhibiting factors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low temperature increasing and heat preserving efficiency and low biogas production efficiency of the conventional cold region anaerobic fermentation biogas production method, and provides a cold region anaerobic fermentation biogas production method based on economic operation temperature.
The method for producing the biogas by the anaerobic fermentation in the cold region based on the economic operation temperature is realized according to the following steps:
the anaerobic digestion reactor consists of an anaerobic fermentation device and a gas collection device, wherein a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or benzene plate is coated outside the anaerobic fermentation device to be used as a heat insulation layer, so that the anaerobic digestion reactor with heat insulation treatment is obtained;
secondly, adjusting the TS of the liquid dung to 2.5% -3.5% by using old biogas slurry (anaerobic fermentation liquid with high methanogenic flora activity) in an anaerobic fermentation device by using the liquid dung as a substrate, adjusting the pH value of an anaerobic digestion system to 6-8, adding trace metal elements, carrying out heat preservation and heating in the anaerobic fermentation device, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 20-22 ℃;
thirdly, collecting the biogas generated in the second anaerobic fermentation step, and completing the cold region anaerobic fermentation based on the economic operation temperature to generate the biogas;
wherein the thickness of the polystyrene board in the first step is 30-38 mm, and the thickness of the PVC is 130-165 mm;
step two in the anaerobic digestion system2+The concentration of (A) is 4.8-5.2 mg/L, Ni2+The mass concentration of the (B) is 20-24 mu g/L, Co2+The mass concentration of (a) is 23.0-27.0 [ mu ] g/L.
The invention relates to a cold region anaerobic fermentation biogas production method based on economic operation temperature, which specifically comprises the steps of determining the optimum economic temperature of a cold region, a heat preservation technology and regulating and controlling the content of trace metal elements, thereby reducing the temperature rise and heat preservation cost of a biogas project and improving the biogas yield.
The anaerobic fermentation device is insulated by the PVC or benzene plate, so that the temperature drop caused by heat dissipation loss is reduced by less than 0.5 ℃/day, and the pool volume gas production rate under the economic operation condition reaches 0.5m by combining the optimized trace metal element content at the fermentation temperature of 20.6 DEG C3/m3.d。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an anaerobic digestion reactor for heat-insulating treatment;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the PVC thermal insulation layer and E/Q, wherein 1 represents η of 100%, 2 represents η of 90%, and 3 represents η of 45%;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the PS insulating layer and E/Q, where 1 represents η of 100%, 2 represents η of 90%, and 3 represents η of 45%.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for producing the biogas by the anaerobic fermentation in the cold region based on the economic operation temperature is implemented according to the following steps:
the anaerobic digestion reactor consists of an anaerobic fermentation device 2 and a gas collecting device 3, wherein PVC or a benzene plate is coated outside the anaerobic fermentation device 2 to be used as a heat preservation layer 4, so that the anaerobic digestion reactor with heat preservation treatment is obtained;
secondly, adjusting the TS of the liquid dung to 2.5% -3.5% by using old biogas slurry (anaerobic fermentation liquid with high methanogenic flora activity) in an anaerobic fermentation device by using the liquid dung as a substrate, adjusting the pH value of an anaerobic digestion system to 6-8, adding trace metal elements, carrying out heat preservation and heating in the anaerobic fermentation device, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 20-22 ℃;
thirdly, collecting the biogas generated in the second anaerobic fermentation step, and completing the cold region anaerobic fermentation based on the economic operation temperature to generate the biogas;
wherein the thickness of the polystyrene board in the first step is 30-38 mm, and the thickness of the PVC is 130-165 mm;
step two in the anaerobic digestion system2+The concentration of (A) is 4.8-5.2 mg/L, Ni2+The mass concentration of the (B) is 20-24 mu g/L, Co2+The mass concentration of (a) is 23.0-27.0 [ mu ] g/L.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the tank body of the anaerobic fermentation device is a 6.0mm clad steel plate, and the thermal conductivity is 58W/(m.K).
The third concrete implementation mode: the second difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the tank body of the anaerobic fermentation device 2 is coated with PVC or a benzene plate as a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer is further coated with a color steel outer protection layer of 0.5 mm.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the third embodiment is that the thickness of the polystyrene board in the first step is 33-38 mm, and the thickness of the PVC is 130-140 mm.
The preferred thickness of the polystyrene board of the present embodiment is 36mm, and the preferred thickness of the PVC board is 135 mm.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that the anaerobic fermentation device 2 is coated with PVC or benzene plate as the insulating layer 4, one end of the air pipe is communicated with the anaerobic fermentation device 2, and the other end of the air pipe is communicated with the gas collection device 3.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of an anaerobic digestion reaction system according to the present embodiment, and a heater 1 is disposed in front of an anaerobic fermentation apparatus 2.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between the fifth embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that the anaerobic fermentation device 2 is provided with a sampling port 5, and the gas collection device 3 is provided with a gas taking port 6.
The seventh embodiment: this embodiment differs from the first to sixth embodiments in that in step two, anaerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 20.6 ℃.
The embodiment simulates the biogas production by anaerobic digestion at 14-23 ℃, and y is-0.0176 x2+0.7247x-6.2214(R20.9999), where y represents the value of capacity/energy; x represents the operating temperature (. degree. C.). The maximum value of capacity/energy consumption at 20.6 ℃ is obtained. Therefore, the optimum economic temperature of the biogas engineering in the northern cold region is determined to be 20.6 ℃, the raw material gas production rate is 147.6L/(KgVS.d), and the E/Q is 1.239.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to seventeenth embodiments is that in the second step, old biogas slurry (anaerobic fermentation liquid with high methanogenic flora activity) is used to adjust the TS of the liquid manure to 3.0%, and the pH of the anaerobic digestion system is adjusted to 7.
The specific implementation method nine: this embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that Fe is present in the anaerobic digestion system of step two2+Has a concentration of 5.0mg/L, Ni2+Has a mass concentration of 22.5 mu g/L, Co2+The mass concentration of (3) is 25.0. mu.g/L.
In the embodiment, the response surface analysis method is adopted to optimize the process parameters of the anaerobic fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 20.6 ℃, and the result shows that the method is the optimal process condition of the anaerobic fermentation under the content of the trace metal elements.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for producing the biogas by the anaerobic fermentation in the cold region based on the economic operation temperature is implemented according to the following steps:
the anaerobic digestion reactor consists of a 20L anaerobic fermentation device 2 and a 10L gas collecting device 3, wherein a tank body of the anaerobic fermentation device 2 is a 6.0mm composite steel plate, a benzene plate or a PVC plate is coated outside the anaerobic fermentation device to serve as a heat insulation layer, and a methane boiler is used for heating to obtain the anaerobic digestion reactor subjected to heat insulation treatment;
in Heilongjiang, the pig farm liquid dung is used as a substrate in an anaerobic fermentation device, old biogas slurry (anaerobic fermentation liquid with high methanogenic flora activity) is used for adjusting the TS of the pig farm liquid dung to 3.0 percent (18L in total), the pH of an anaerobic digestion system is adjusted to 7, trace metal elements are added, and anaerobic fermentation is carried out at the temperature of 20.6 ℃;
thirdly, collecting the biogas generated in the second anaerobic fermentation step, and completing the cold region anaerobic fermentation based on the economic operation temperature to generate the biogas;
wherein the second step is Fe in the anaerobic digestion system2+Has a concentration of 5.0mg/L, Ni2+Has a mass concentration of 22.5 mu g/L, Co2+The mass concentration of (3) is 25.0. mu.g/L.
The anaerobic digestion reactor of the embodiment mainly comprises a 20L anaerobic fermentation device and a 10L gas collecting device which are respectively used as a digestion bottle and a biogas device of raw materials. The gas collecting device must ensure strict sealing and is provided with a gas taking port and a liquid taking port.
The method for determining the economic temperature of anaerobic fermentation in step two of the present example is as follows:
(1) heat required for biogas engineering:
Q＝Q1+Q2 (1)
wherein Q is the energy required by the biogas engineering, KJ/a;
Q1the amount of heat required to heat the material, KJ/a;
Q2the heat dissipated by the anaerobic reactor, KJ/a.
(2) And (3) capacity calculation:
the total energy generated by the biogas project every year is calculated according to the following formula:
E＝∑TS×Win×q×e (2)
in the formula, E represents energy KJ/a which can be provided by methane produced in year;
TS — total solids content in feed,%;
win-daily feed rate, t/d;
q-gas production rate of pig manure (m)3Per kg of dry pig manure);
e-biogas calorific value, KJ/m3Herein, take 20921 KJ;
(3) energy consumption calculation
Heating the material daily
In the formula, Q1The amount of heat required to heat the material, KJ/a;
TS — total solids content in feed,%;
win-daily feed rate, t/d;
c is specific heat capacity of feed liquid, kJ (/ kg. K), taken here as 4.0;
t-fermentation temperature, DEG C;
ts-ambient temperature, DEG C, is the average temperature of Heilongjiang province in nearly five years each day, and when the temperature is less than 0 ℃, the value of Ts is 0.
② heat dissipation
The heat dissipation of the tank body is according to the formula:
Q2＝∑S×K×(T-Ts)×1.2 (4)
in the formula, Q2-the heat dissipated by the anaerobic reactor, KJ/a;
s-area of heat dissipation, m, of the tank roof, tank wall and tank bottom2；
T-fermentation temperature, DEG C;
ts-ambient temperature, wherein the Ts temperature is the average temperature of nearly five years per day;
k-coefficient of heat transfer of the tank top, tank wall and tank bottom, KJ/(m)2H. degree. c)), according to formula (5):
in the formula, K is the heat transfer coefficient of the tank top, the tank wall and the tank bottom, KJ/(m)2.h.℃)；
α1Internal surface heat transfer coefficient, W/(m)2.h.℃)；
α2-external surface heat transfer coefficient, W/(m)2.h.℃)；
Sigma is the thickness m of the structural layer and the heat preservation layer of each part of the tank body;
lambda-coefficient of thermal conductivity of structural layer and insulating layer of each part of tank body, W/(m)2.h.℃)
When E is Q, the optimum economic temperature is calculated.
TABLE 1 related thermal conductivity
According to the average daily temperature of nearly five years in Heilongjiang province, the heat dissipation loss amount, the energy required by material heating, the energy taken away by the biogas and the generated energy on the day are calculated according to the daily minimum temperature of-37.7 ℃, and the relation between the thickness of the heat-insulating layer and E/Q is shown in figure 2 when the biogas capacity utilization efficiency eta is 100, 90% (heating of a biogas boiler) and 45% (recycling of biogas power generation waste heat). As can be seen from fig. 2, as the thickness of the insulating layer increases, the ratio of the energy production to the energy consumption increases. When the methane utilization efficiency is 100% and 90%, the thickness of the PVC plate is 90 mm and 120mm, and then multiplied by a correction coefficient of 1.5, the thickness of the PVC plate is 135mm and 180mm when eta is 100% and 90%, respectively, and other energy sources are needed for supplementary heating when the methane power generation waste heat is recovered (eta is 45%).
In the embodiment, the method for producing the biogas by anaerobic fermentation in the cold region based on the economic operation temperature produces 75L of biogas in 5 days, 130L of biogas in 10 days, 240L of biogas in 20 days and 508L of biogas in 45 days.
In the embodiment, the fermentation is carried out for 45 days, under the condition that the average environmental temperature is 5 ℃, the temperature drop caused by heat dissipation loss is reduced by below 0.5 ℃/day by the heat preservation technology of the reaction system, the accumulated gas production is 508L, and the gas production rate of the tank volume can reach 0.5m under the economic operation temperature by the method for regulating and controlling the methane by using the trace metal elements3/m3D or above.
In this embodiment, when the methane utilization efficiency is 100% and 90%, the thicknesses of the PS plates are 18mm and 24mm, and then multiplied by a correction coefficient of 1.5, the thicknesses of the PS plates when η is 100% and 90% are 27mm and 36mm, respectively, and when the methane power generation waste heat is recovered (η is 45%), additional energy is required for heating.
In the embodiment, the fermentation is carried out for 45 days, under the condition that the average environmental temperature is 5 ℃, the temperature drop caused by heat dissipation loss is reduced by below 0.5 ℃/day by the heat preservation technology of the reaction system, the cumulative gas production rate is 525L, and the tank capacity gas production rate of the methane engineering of the trace metal element regulation and control technology can reach 0.5m at the economic operation temperature3/m3D or above.
Claims (9)
1. The method for producing the biogas by the anaerobic fermentation in the cold region based on the economic operation temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the anaerobic digestion reactor consists of an anaerobic fermentation device (2) and a gas collecting device (3), wherein the outside of the anaerobic fermentation device (2) is coated with PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or a benzene plate as a heat-insulating layer (4) to obtain the anaerobic digestion reactor subjected to heat-insulating treatment;
secondly, using the liquid dung as a substrate in an anaerobic fermentation device, adjusting TS of the liquid dung to 2.5% -3.5% by using old biogas slurry, adjusting the pH of an anaerobic digestion system to 6-8, adding trace metal elements, carrying out heat preservation and heating by the anaerobic fermentation device, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 20-22 ℃;
thirdly, collecting the biogas generated in the second anaerobic fermentation step, and completing the cold region anaerobic fermentation based on the economic operation temperature to generate the biogas;
wherein the thickness of the polystyrene board in the first step is 30-38 mm, and the thickness of the PVC is 130-165 mm;
step two in the anaerobic digestion system2+The concentration of (A) is 4.8-5.2 mg/L, Ni2+The mass concentration of the (B) is 20-24 mu g/L, Co2 +The mass concentration of (a) is 23.0-27.0 [ mu ] g/L.
2. The method for producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation in cold regions based on economic operating temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tank body of the anaerobic fermentation device is a 6.0mm composite steel plate, and the thermal conductivity is 58W/(m.K).
3. The method for producing the biogas based on the anaerobic fermentation in the cold region with the economic operation temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tank body of the anaerobic fermentation device (2) is coated with PVC or a benzene plate as the heat insulation layer (4), and the heat insulation layer (4) is coated with a color steel outer protection layer of 0.5 mm.
4. The method for producing the biogas based on the anaerobic fermentation in the cold region with the economic operation temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the benzene plate in the first step is 33-38 mm, and the thickness of the PVC is 130-140 mm.
5. The method for producing the biogas based on the cold region anaerobic fermentation at the economic operation temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anaerobic fermentation device (2) is externally coated with PVC or a benzene plate as an insulating layer (4), one end of the air pipe is communicated with the anaerobic fermentation device (2), and the other end of the air pipe is communicated with the gas collection device (3).
6. The method for producing the biogas by the anaerobic fermentation in the cold area based on the economic operation temperature as claimed in claim 5, wherein the anaerobic fermentation device (2) is provided with a sampling port (5), and the gas collection device (3) is provided with a gas taking port (6).
7. The cold region anaerobic fermentation biogas production method based on economic operation temperature as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step two, anaerobic fermentation is performed at a temperature of 20.6 ℃.
8. The method for producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation in cold areas based on economic operation temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step two, old biogas slurry is used to adjust TS of liquid manure to 3.0%, and pH of anaerobic digestion system is adjusted to 7.
9. The method for producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation in cold areas based on economic operation temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step two is Fe in anaerobic digestion system2+Has a concentration of 5.0mg/L, Ni2+Has a mass concentration of 22.5 mu g/L, Co2+The mass concentration of (3) is 25.0. mu.g/L.
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