CN111481225B - Phantom and X-ray imaging device for measuring bone density in X-ray imaging device - Google Patents
Phantom and X-ray imaging device for measuring bone density in X-ray imaging device Download PDFInfo
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- 230000037182 bone density Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 6
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种应用于X线成像设备骨密度测量的体模及X线成像设备，涉及骨密度测量技术领域。应用于X线成像设备骨密度测量的体模包括体模本体；体模本体上具有多个台阶，且多个台阶的顶面与体模本体底面之间的距离不同。X线成像设备，包括X线成像设备本体和应用于X线成像设备骨密度测量的体模。达到了临床常规X线成像设备可以测量骨密度的技术效果。
The present invention provides a phantom used for measuring bone density of an X-ray imaging device and an X-ray imaging device, and relates to the technical field of bone density measurement. The phantom used for measuring bone density of an X-ray imaging device comprises a phantom body; the phantom body has a plurality of steps, and the distances between the top surfaces of the plurality of steps and the bottom surface of the phantom body are different. The X-ray imaging device comprises an X-ray imaging device body and a phantom used for measuring bone density of an X-ray imaging device. The technical effect that a conventional clinical X-ray imaging device can measure bone density is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bone mineral density measurement, in particular to a phantom applied to bone mineral density measurement of X-ray imaging equipment and the X-ray imaging equipment.
Background
Bone mineral density (BoneMineralDensity, BMD) is the most important and most commonly used quantitative index for clinical evaluation of osteoporosis and bone strength, and is also the main basis for preventing and treating osteoporosis. The low bone density is a main risk factor of the currently accepted brittle fracture, and the fracture risk is increased by 1.5-3.0 times when the bone density is reduced by 1 Standard Deviation (SD). The currently accepted bone density measurement method is the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DualX-RayAbsorbtiometry, DXA). DXA obtains the mineral content in human bones by computer processing with different attenuation and absorption of X-rays (one is 40kev and the other is 80 kev) with two different energies after passing through the human bones. The area BMD obtained by DXA is a gold standard for current bone detection and is widely applied to clinical medicines and epidemiological researches. DXA was first used by Jacobson in the 60 s of the 20 th century and gradually became widely used in the 80 s of the 20 th century. The "gold standard" for clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis is a standard proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1994 (with peak bone density as standard, T-value < "2.5 standard deviations) in normal population. DXA is a major technique for measuring bone density (fig. 1, 2) and has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, low radiation, convenient operation and market advantage, but requires special DXA bone density equipment and is expensive.
There are application restrictions for medical institutions or certain specific populations (children, pregnant women, external fixation patients after bone surgery) that are not equipped with DXA bone densitometer. At present, domestic DXA equipment is few, and clinical popularization and application cannot be realized. In addition, for some patients after sick children or orthopedic internal fixation surgery, if the situation of bone density or bone strength needs to be known, DXA bone density examination still needs to be specially performed after clinical routine X-ray image examination is completed, and radiation hazard and medical cost of the patients are increased.
Therefore, providing a phantom for measuring bone mineral density, which is applied to an X-ray imaging device and enables a clinical conventional X-ray imaging device to measure bone mineral density, and the X-ray imaging device are important technical problems to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a phantom applied to bone mineral density measurement of X-ray imaging equipment and the X-ray imaging equipment, so as to solve the technical problem that the conventional X-ray imaging equipment in clinic cannot measure bone mineral density in the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a phantom for bone density measurement of an X-ray imaging apparatus, including a phantom body;
The body mold body is provided with a plurality of steps, and the distances between the top surfaces of the steps and the bottom surface of the body mold body are different.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the body of the phantom is stepped.
With reference to the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a thickness of each step gradually increases from a bottom to a top of the phantom body.
With reference to the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a distance between a top surface of each step and a bottom surface of the phantom body gradually increases from a bottom to a top of the phantom body.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the number of steps is not less than two.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a material of the phantom body is a material equivalent to a bone density of a human body.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a material of the phantom body is hydroxyapatite.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a material of the phantom body is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a maximum equivalent bone density value of the step on the phantom body is not less than 2.4g/cm 2.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an X-ray imaging apparatus, including an X-ray imaging apparatus body and the phantom applied to bone density measurement of the X-ray imaging apparatus.
The beneficial effects are that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a body model applied to bone density measurement of X-ray imaging equipment, which comprises a body model body, wherein the body model body is provided with a plurality of steps, and the distances between the top surfaces of the steps and the bottom surface of the body model body are different.
Specifically, the phantom body is used in cooperation with clinical routine X-ray image examination, when the phantom body and the bone part to be irradiated are placed under the same irradiation field, the height of each step on the phantom body is known, quantitative calculation is carried out by utilizing the difference of ray attenuation after X-rays pass through objects with different densities, the mathematical calculation relation between the X-ray attenuation and the bone density is converted, and then the bone density of a target area is calculated, so that bone density measurement acquisition is synchronously completed when a patient carries out routine clinical image X-ray examination, and the radiation dose of the extra X-ray examination of the patient is not increased.
The invention provides an X-ray imaging device, which comprises an X-ray imaging device body and a phantom applied to bone density measurement of the X-ray imaging device. The X-ray imaging apparatus has the above-mentioned advantages over the prior art and will not be described here in detail.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a phantom applied to bone density measurement of an X-ray imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phantom applied to bone density measurement of an X-ray imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon:
100-a phantom body;
110-steps.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed, mechanically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intermediate medium, or in communication between two elements or in interaction with each other. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples thereof in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a phantom for measuring bone mineral density of an X-ray imaging apparatus, which includes a phantom body 100, wherein the phantom body 100 has a plurality of steps 110, and distances between top surfaces of the steps 110 and a bottom surface of the phantom body 100 are different.
Specifically, the phantom body 100 is used in combination with a clinical routine X-ray image examination, when in use, the phantom body 100 and the bone part to be irradiated are placed under the same irradiation field, the height of each step 110 on the phantom body 100 is known, the quantitative calculation is performed by utilizing the difference of the radiation attenuation after the X-rays pass through objects with different densities, the mathematical calculation relationship between the X-ray attenuation and the bone density is converted, and the bone density of a target area is calculated, so that bone density measurement acquisition is synchronously completed when a patient performs routine clinical image X-ray examination, and the extra X-ray examination radiation dose of the patient is not increased. Meanwhile, for certain specific crowds, such as children or pregnant women, the bone density of a specific area can be obtained when necessary under the condition of radiation protection, for example, certain children need to irradiate wrist X-ray films to determine the bone age, and the bone density of the children can be obtained simultaneously by using the body model applied to the bone density measurement of the X-ray imaging equipment.
In particular, for some patients after orthopaedics internal and external fixation operation, the body model applied to the bone density measurement of the X-ray imaging device provided by the embodiment can solve clinical dilemma, for example, patients with osteotomy extension operation all need a metal external fixation frame as a limb extender with drafting function, and are influenced by metal artifact of the external fixation frame, currently, the bone density meter DXA cannot evaluate the density and strength condition of the extended new bone, when the external fixation frame is removed is a difficult problem for orthopaedics doctors, if the risk of brittle fracture of the new bone exists too early for removal, the risk of infection such as nail canal red swelling of the patient is increased if the new bone is removed too late, and the pain and inconvenience of the external fixation frame of the patient are increased, so that the bone strength evaluation for extending the new bone is extremely important and necessary for improving clinical treatment effect and relieving patient pain. The stepped hydroxyapatite density body model is adopted to quantitatively describe the attenuation and absorption condition of X-rays passing through substances with different densities, so that the function of calculating bone density by digital X-ray images of single energy rays is realized, the interference of metal artifacts is avoided, necessary qualitative and quantitative data are provided for orthopedics doctors, and the method is beneficial to the formulation of treatment schemes, the selection of operation, the judgment of prognosis and the follow-up of curative effects.
Specifically, the X-ray is attenuated after passing through the objects with different densities, the attenuation is linearly changed for the same material, and the heights of the steps 110 are known, when the X-ray irradiates the steps 110 of the phantom body 100, the X-ray imaging device receives the attenuated X-ray, so that the mathematical calculation relationship between the X-ray attenuation and the density of the phantom body 100 can be converted, and then the mathematical calculation relationship between the X-ray attenuation and the bone density can be converted through conversion.
Wherein, μroi=σx·ρha+βx, and the above equation lists the density analysis evaluation methods of parameters σx and βx. Wherein μroi is a pixel value in a region of interest (ROI) in a reference material or an unknown material, ρha is a density of HA in an equal density to the ROI of the measurement material, σx is an imaging technique-specific parameter defining a response of the digital X-ray machine to HA, βx is an imaging technique-specific parameter having an X-ray attenuation absorption value measurement characteristic. Note that the formula relates to the measured pixel values as soft tissue density clipped values.
Wherein, the influence of soft tissue components with different thicknesses on bone density measurement is analyzed, the degree of the influence on bone density is increased for the standardized thickness, and an organic glass plate with fixed thickness is adopted as a soft tissue substitute, so that the attenuation degree of X-rays passing through the organic glass is the same as that of rays of human soft tissues. And (3) placing DXA quality control body molds on organic glass plates (1 cm,2cm,3cm,4cm,5cm,6cm,7cm,8cm,9cm and 10 cm) with different thicknesses, respectively shooting under the same condition, placing the stepped body molds beside the glass plates and the quality control body molds, and then respectively calculating the change of bone density values of the corresponding quality control body molds.
By setting a plurality of steps 110 with different heights, the accuracy of the mathematical calculation relationship between the X-ray attenuation and the density of the phantom body 100 can be improved, for example, the calculation is performed by adopting the lowest step 110 and the highest step 110, the first conversion coefficient of the distance between the phantom body 100 and the X-ray attenuation between the lowest step 110 and the highest step 110 can be obtained, the calculation is performed by adopting the lowest step 110 and the next highest step 110, the second conversion coefficient of the distance between the phantom body 100 and the X-ray attenuation between the lowest step 110 and the next highest step 110 can be obtained, and the like. Then, the bone mineral density conversion can be performed by measuring the pixel density value (i.e., X-ray attenuation absorption value) of the corresponding human bone site with the mathematical calculation relationship calculated by the relationship between the density and thickness of the phantom body 100 and the X-ray attenuation as an objective reference.
It should be noted that the "height of the step 110" in this embodiment refers to the distance between the upper surface of the step 110 and the bottom surface of the body mold body 100, and the "thickness of the step 110" in this embodiment refers to the distance between the top surface of the step 110 and the top surface of the next-lower step 110.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in an alternative of this embodiment, the body 100 is stepped.
Specifically, the distance between the top surface of each step 110 and the bottom surface of the body 100 increases gradually from the bottom of the body 100 toward the top.
Specifically, the body model body 100 is arranged in a stepped shape, so that the use of medical staff is facilitated, and the X-ray attenuation conditions of different equivalent bone densities of the body model body 100 can be known at a glance during the use.
Specifically, on X-ray films, the lower the equivalent bone density of the phantom body 100, the darker the equivalent bone density, and the higher the equivalent bone density, the brighter.
Wherein, the rectangular blocks with different brightness on the right side in fig. 2 are images of the X-rays after passing through the body mold body 100, and the brighter place indicates that the thickness of the body mold body 100 is greater.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in an alternative of the present embodiment, the thickness of each step 110 gradually increases from the bottom to the top of the body mold body 100.
Specifically, the thickness of each step 110 is gradually increased from bottom to top to eliminate the air interference between the light source of the X-ray imaging device and each step 110, by increasing the thickness of each step 110, the thickness of the air between each step 110 and the light source of the X-ray imaging device is equivalent to the same, and after the thickness of the equivalent air is removed from each step 110, the height of each step is an integer multiple of the height of the first step 110, so that the subsequent calculation is facilitated.
Specifically, the first step 110 has a height of H1, the second step 110 has a height of 2h1+a1, the third step 110 has a height of 3h1+a2, and so on, where a1, a2 are the incremental amount of each step 110, the purpose is to eliminate the interference of air between the light source of the X-ray imaging device and each layer of steps 110 to ensure that the attenuation of air between each layer of steps 110 and the light source of the X-ray imaging device is equivalent.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the alternative of the present embodiment, the number of steps 110 is not less than two.
Specifically, the number of steps 110 may be three, four, five, etc., and the more the number of steps 110, the more accurate the measurement result.
In an alternative of this embodiment, the body 100 is made of a material equivalent to bone mineral density of the human body.
Specifically, the body model body 100 is produced by selecting the equivalent material of the bone density of the human body, so that the density of the body model body 100 is close to or equal to the density of the bone of the human body.
In an alternative of this embodiment, the body 100 is made of hydroxyapatite.
Specifically, the body mold body 100 may be made of hydroxyapatite.
In an alternative embodiment, the body 100 is made of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
Specifically, the body 100 may be made of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
In an alternative to this embodiment, the maximum equivalent bone density value of the step on the phantom body 100 is not less than 2.4g/cm 2.
Specifically, the maximum equivalent bone density value of the step 110 on the phantom body 100 is not less than 2.4g/cm 2, so that the accuracy of calculation can be ensured, and the accuracy of the obtained bone density value of the human body can be ensured.
If not, when the maximum bone density value of the human skeleton to be detected is greater than the maximum equivalent bone density value of the phantom body 100, the maximum bone density value of the human skeleton to be detected has no actual reference value, and it cannot be determined whether the maximum bone density value accords with the calculation formula of the phantom body 100, so that accuracy cannot be ensured.
At present, the clinical common X-ray equipment mainly comprises a digital X-ray imaging technology (Computed Radiography, CR) and a direct digital X-ray imaging technology (Direct Radiography, DR), wherein the digital X-ray imaging technology emits single-energy X-rays through a bulb tube of an X-ray machine, different tissues of a human body are utilized to absorb the X-rays and different attenuations, and images with different black-white contrast are formed on a screen or an X-ray film, however, because of the X-ray scattering effect, bones cannot be accurately and quantitatively measured, and in addition, the influence of soft tissues on bone density measurement cannot be eliminated. The phantom applied to bone density measurement of the X-ray imaging equipment provided by the embodiment provides a reference standard for bone density measurement by designing a ladder with a fixed height and uniform materials of equivalent hydroxyapatite bone density, and realizes a correction formula of the linear relation between bone X-ray attenuation and bone density. The body simulator applied to the bone mineral density measurement of the X-ray imaging equipment provided by the embodiment is placed beside the bone site to be measured, so that the bone mineral density can be measured on the clinical X-ray imaging equipment.
The phantom applied to the bone density measurement of the X-ray imaging equipment provided by the embodiment can be simultaneously carried out with a clinical routine X-ray examination project, does not generate artifacts and interfere with imaging effects, can provide the bone density of an imaging part, solves the problem that the existing clinic needs to carry out the DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, dualX-RayAbsorbtiometry) bone density examination singly, avoids the patient to accept additional radiation dose, and reduces examination cost and the cost of purchasing large-scale instruments such as a DXA bone density instrument in a hospital. In addition, for some special crowds, such as children and pregnant women, the previous DXA examination is difficult, the bone density can be obtained by the body model applied to the bone density measurement of the X-ray imaging equipment in the clinical routine X-ray examination, and for the patient with the osteotomy extension operation in orthopaedics, the previous DXA is difficult to measure the density of the new bone in the extension area due to the influence of the external metal fixing frame, and the bone density value can be synchronously obtained when the X-ray film of the operation part is shot by the stepped body model designed by the invention.
The embodiment provides an X-ray imaging device, which comprises an X-ray imaging device body and a body model applied to bone density measurement of the X-ray imaging device.
In particular, the X-ray imaging apparatus has the above advantages compared to the prior art, and will not be described here in detail.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution described in the above-mentioned embodiments may be modified or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced, and these modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solution from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A phantom for use in bone density measurement for an X-ray imaging device, comprising a phantom body (100);
The body mold body (100) is provided with a plurality of steps (110), and the distances between the top surfaces of the steps (110) and the bottom surface of the body mold body (100) are different;
the body die body (100) is in a ladder shape;
The thickness of each layer of step (110) gradually increases from the bottom of the body (100) to the top, and the distance between the top surface of the step (110) and the top surface of the next lower step (110) is the thickness of the step (110);
The distance between the top surface of each step (110) and the bottom surface of the body (100) gradually increases from the bottom of the body (100) to the top, the distance between the top surface of each step (110) and the bottom surface of the body (100) is the height of each step (110), the height of the first step is H1, the height of the second step is 2H1+a1, the height of the third step is 3H1+a2, and so on, wherein a1, a2.
2. The phantom for bone density measurement of X-ray imaging equipment according to claim 1, wherein the phantom body (100) is made of a bone density equivalent material of a human body.
3. The phantom for bone density measurement of X-ray imaging equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that the phantom body (100) is made of hydroxyapatite.
4. The phantom for bone density measurement of X-ray imaging equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that the phantom body (100) is made of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
5. The phantom for bone density measurement of an X-ray imaging apparatus according to any of the claims 1-4, characterized in that the maximum equivalent bone density value of the step on the phantom body (100) is not less than 2.4g/cm 2.
6. An X-ray imaging apparatus comprising an X-ray imaging apparatus body and the phantom of any one of claims 1-5 applied to bone density measurement of an X-ray imaging apparatus.
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