CN111477956A - Non-aqueous electrolyte additive for lithium ion battery, non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Non-aqueous electrolyte additive for lithium ion battery, non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111477956A CN111477956A CN202010296390.7A CN202010296390A CN111477956A CN 111477956 A CN111477956 A CN 111477956A CN 202010296390 A CN202010296390 A CN 202010296390A CN 111477956 A CN111477956 A CN 111477956A
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- lithium
- ion battery
- lithium ion
- additive
- aqueous electrolyte
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 54
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- -1 nickel-cobalt-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC=C VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XNENYPKLNXFICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(O)(O)O.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C Chemical compound P(O)(O)O.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C XNENYPKLNXFICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AJYQMCHCOGIXMR-IDTAVKCVSA-N [(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-[6-(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)sulfanylpurin-9-yl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphono hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(SCC(=O)C(=O)CBr)=C2N=C1 AJYQMCHCOGIXMR-IDTAVKCVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CBMFIMRGALBISQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) sulfate Chemical compound C=COS(=O)(=O)OC=C CBMFIMRGALBISQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZRZFJYHYRSRUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C.C[SiH](C)C.OP(O)(O)=O ZRZFJYHYRSRUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HJGJHDZQLWWMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound OC(=O)OCC(F)(F)F HJGJHDZQLWWMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPGAJESUZPJSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound FC=1OC(=O)OC=1F OPGAJESUZPJSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OOSSOSHJNYVUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1(=O)(=O)OC(=C(F)O1)F Chemical compound S1(=O)(=O)OC(=C(F)O1)F OOSSOSHJNYVUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- FFYPMLJYZAEMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl pyrocarbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(=O)OCC FFYPMLJYZAEMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FFRZDWXUFOFNQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoroethenyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound C(=C(F)F)OC(=O)O FFRZDWXUFOFNQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFVGSIFOGMETAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(OC=C(F)F)(=O)=O Chemical compound OS(OC=C(F)F)(=O)=O MFVGSIFOGMETAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazene Chemical compound N=N RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000071 diazene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte additive, a non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium ion battery, which are suitable for the battery manufacturing industry. The lithium ion battery comprises a non-aqueous electrolyte, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode is made of a nickel-cobalt-manganese or nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary material, the non-aqueous electrolyte comprises electrolyte lithium salt, an organic solvent and an additive, the using mass of the additive is 0.1-5% of the total mass of the electrolyte lithium salt and the organic solvent, and the additive comprises succinimide oligomer and derivatives thereof. The addition of the additive optimizes the interface of the positive electrode/electrolyte, reduces the surface activity of the positive electrode, inhibits the oxidative decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte, improves the oxidation potential of the positive electrode and reduces the polarization of the negative electrode. The method is beneficial to improving the cycle and high-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery.
Description
[ technical field ]
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte additive, and particularly relates to a soft package lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium ion battery.
[ background art ]
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high specific energy, no memory effect, long cycle life and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of 3C digital, electric tools, aerospace, energy storage, power automobiles and the like, and the rapid development of electronic information technology and consumer products puts higher requirements on the high voltage and high energy density of the lithium ion battery. In lithium ion batteries, high-voltage ternary positive electrode materials are widely applied to portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers, and electric vehicles and large energy storage devices due to the advantages of high energy density, environmental friendliness, long cycle life and the like, and the energy density requirement of the batteries is higher and higher, so that the commercial ternary positive electrode material lithium ion batteries (with working voltage of 4.4V) are difficult to meet the requirement.
At present, research shows that one of effective ways for improving the energy density of the ternary electrode material is to improve the working voltage of the battery, which is a trend of battery development and is also an inevitable requirement for new energy automobile development. However, after the working voltage of the ternary power battery is increased, the performances of the battery, such as charge and discharge cycles, are reduced. The reasons may be: on one hand, the anode material is not stable enough under high voltage, on the other hand, the matching property of the electrolyte and the material is not good, and the common electrolyte can be oxidized and decomposed under the condition of high voltage, so that the battery has poor high-temperature storage performance, poor high-temperature cycle performance, poor low-temperature discharge performance and poor safety, therefore, the research and development of the lithium ion battery electrolyte suitable for a high-voltage ternary material system is urgent.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte additive, a non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the above object, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a ternary lithium ion battery according to the present invention comprises an electrolyte lithium salt, an organic solvent, and additives, wherein the additives comprise oligomers containing succinimide and derivatives thereof, and the structural formula of the additives is as follows:
wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
R represents any one selected from hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, alkyl with carbon content not less than 1, alkylene, alkoxy or aromatic group.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes an electrolytic lithium salt, an organic solvent, an auxiliary, and an oligomer of succinimide and a derivative thereof.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oligomer of succinimide and its derivative account for 0.1 to 5% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, such as 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, or 5%, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
Preferably, the oligomer of the succinimide and the derivative thereof account for 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
In the invention, the oligomer of the succinimide has the functions of optimizing the interface of the positive electrode and the electrolyte, reducing the surface activity of the positive electrode, inhibiting the oxidative decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte, improving the oxidation potential of the positive electrode and reducing the polarization of the negative electrode. The increase of direct current internal resistance (DCI R) of the battery in the circulation process is inhibited, and the circulation and high-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery are improved.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic solvent accounts for 60 to 78% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, such as 60%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, or 80%, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
Preferably, the electrolyte lithium salt accounts for 10 to 17% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, such as 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, or 17%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic solvent includes any one or a combination of at least two of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, butyl acetate, γ -butyrolactone, propyl propionate, ethyl 2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl 2,2, 2-trifluorocarbonate, or ethyl propyl 2,2, 2-trifluorocarbonate, ethyl butyrate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and the combination is typically, but not limited to: a combination of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, a combination of dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, a combination of diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, a combination of ethyl methyl carbonate and propylene carbonate, a combination of propylene carbonate and gamma-butyrolactone, a combination of gamma-butyrolactone and propyl propionate, a combination of propyl propionate and ethyl propionate, a combination of ethyl propionate and 2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl carbonate, a combination of 2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl carbonate and 2,2, 2-trifluoropropyl carbonate, a combination of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propylene carbonate, a combination of ethyl butyrate and butyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, a combination of propylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate or a combination of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate, Dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, a combination of ethyl methyl carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate, and the like.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte lithium salt includes any one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis (oxalato) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalato) phosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium tetrafluorooxalato phosphate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide or lithium difluoro (malonato) phosphate or a combination of at least two thereof, and typical but non-limiting examples thereof are: a combination of lithium bis (oxalato) borate and lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate, a combination of lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate and lithium difluoro (oxalato) phosphate, a combination of lithium difluoro (oxalato) phosphate and lithium tetrafluoro (oxalato) phosphate, a combination of lithium tetrafluoro (oxalato) phosphate and lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, a combination of lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide and lithium bis (fluorosulfonato) imide, a combination of lithium tetrafluoro (oxalato) borate and lithium difluoro (malonato) imide, a combination of lithium difluoro (malonato) phosphate and lithium bis (oxalato) borate, or a combination of lithium bis (oxalato) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate and lithium difluoro (oxalato) phosphate, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes an auxiliary agent, and the auxiliary agent includes any one or a combination of at least two of vinylene carbonate, diethyl pyrocarbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, vinyl sulfate, difluorovinyl carbonate, difluorovinyl sulfate, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate, and tris (trimethylsilane) phosphite. Typical but non-limiting examples of such combinations are: a combination of vinylene carbonate and 1,3-propane sultone, a combination of vinylene carbonate and vinyl sulfate, a combination of vinyl sulfate and 1,3-propane sultone, a combination of difluorovinylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate, a combination of difluorovinylene carbonate and 1,3-propane sultone, a combination of difluorovinylene sulfate and vinylene carbonate or a combination of difluorovinylene sulfate and 1,3-propane sultone.
In the invention, the vinyl sulfate or bigeminal vinyl sulfate is added into the non-aqueous electrolyte as an auxiliary agent, so that the surface SEI film component can be modified, the relative content of sulfur atoms and oxygen atoms is improved, the sulfur atoms and the oxygen atoms contain lone-pair electrons, lithium ions can be attracted, the shuttling of the lithium ions in the SEI film is accelerated, the interface impedance of the battery is reduced, and the low-temperature charge and discharge performance of the high-voltage lithium ion battery is effectively improved. The low-temperature charge and discharge performance influence factors of the lithium ion battery comprise low conductivity of the electrolyte, and slow diffusion speed of lithium ions in a negative electrode caused by new SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film generated by decomposition of the electrolyte due to deposition of metal lithium in a charging process. During low-temperature storage, the capacity of the lithium ion battery is greatly attenuated, and after the lithium ion battery is placed at room temperature again after low-temperature circulation, the capacity of the lithium ion battery cannot be recovered to the capacity at room temperature. The impedance of the battery is increased, the polarization is enhanced, lithium metal deposition occurs on the negative electrode in the charging process, the deposited lithium and the electrolyte undergo a reduction reaction, and a new SEI film is formed to be covered on the original SEI film. Therefore, the auxiliary agent is matched with the oligomer of the succinimide and the derivative thereof for use, so that the impedance of the battery is effectively reduced, the polarization of the battery during low-temperature charging is reduced, and the lithium metal deposition is prevented.
In the invention, the auxiliary agent is preferably Vinylene Carbonate (VC), 1,3-Propane Sultone (PS), vinyl sulfate (DTD), divinyl sulfate (BDTD), tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate (TMSP) and tris (trimethylsilane) phosphite (TTMSPi), the PS has good film forming performance and low-temperature conductivity as an additive, can inhibit the decomposition of FEC, and can improve the capacity loss of the first charge and discharge of the lithium ion battery, thereby being beneficial to improving the reversible capacity of the lithium ion battery and further improving the long-term cycle performance of the lithium ion battery, and the TMSP and the TTMSPi can absorb moisture and free acid and improve the cycle performance of the battery. Further, the addition amounts of the vinylene carbonate, the 1,3-propane sultone, the vinyl sulfate, the divinyl sulfate, the tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate and the tris (trimethylsilane) phosphite are 0.1-2%, 0.1-1%, 0.2-2% and 0.1-1.5%, respectively.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary agent is 2 to 10.5% by mass of the total electrolyte, for example, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 10.5% by mass, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned range of values are also applicable.
The invention also provides a soft package lithium ion ternary battery, which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the separator is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the nonaqueous electrolyte is any one of the nonaqueous electrolytes.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the active material of the positive electrode is L iNixCoyMnzM1-x-y-zO2Or L iNixCoyAlzM1-x-y-zO2Wherein M is any one of Co, Ni, Mn, Mg, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, Sr, V and Ti, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and x + y + z is less than or equal to 1; the active material of the negative electrode is any one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, lithium titanate and a silicon-carbon composite material or silicon monoxide.
In the present invention, the separator is generally a polyolefin porous film having a porous structure and capable of resisting a non-aqueous organic solvent, such as a polyolefin microporous film of polyethylene (prepared by a wet process), polypropylene (prepared by a dry process), and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a soft package lithium ion silicon carbon battery electrolyte and a lithium ion battery, wherein the highest charging voltage of the battery is 4.4V, the electrolyte can optimize an anode/electrolyte interface, reduce the surface activity of an anode, inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte, improve the oxidation potential of the anode and reduce the polarization of a cathode. The increase of Direct Current Internal Resistance (DCIR) of the battery in the circulation process is inhibited, and the circulation and high-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery are improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing CV curves of 3 to 4.5V obtained by comparing an electrolyte with a blank electrolyte in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The batteries used in the embodiment are all 4.4VNCM532/AG batteries (purchased from Hunan cube New energy).
Example 1
In a nitrogen-filled glove box (O)2＜2ppm，H2O < 3ppm), uniformly mixing dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate according to the mass ratio of 3:5:2 to prepare an organic solvent, and then adding 1% of DTD and 2% of DTD based on the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolytePS, 1% TMSP and 0.3% succinimide were mixed to obtain a mixed solution. The solution was sealed, packed, and frozen in a freezing chamber (-4 ℃) for 2 hours, and then taken out of the chamber and placed in a nitrogen-filled glove box (O)2＜2ppm，H2O < 3ppm), slowly adding a mixture of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorosulfonimide and lithium difluorophosphate into the mixed solution to prepare a lithium salt solution with the concentration of 1.3 mol/L, and uniformly mixing to prepare the non-aqueous electrolyte.
Test of ordinary temperature cycle Performance
The cell was placed in an environment of 25 ℃, and was subjected to constant current charging at 1C to 4.4V and then constant voltage charging to a current of 0.05C, and then constant current discharging at 1C to 3.0V, which was cycled, and then DCIR was measured every 50 cycles. The discharge capacity of the first and last turn was recorded, as well as the DCIR every 50 turns. The capacity retention and DCIR boost for the high temperature cycle were calculated as follows:
capacity retention rate is × 100% of the discharge capacity of the last turn/the discharge capacity of the first turn;
DCIR lift-off rate-100% DCIR for the last 50 turns/first turn;
high temperature cycle performance test
The cell was placed in an oven at a constant temperature of 45C, constant current charged to 4.4V at 1C and then constant voltage charged to 0.05C, and then constant current discharged to 3.0V at 1C, cycled through this cycle, and then DCIR was measured every 50 cycles. The discharge capacity of the first and last turn was recorded, as well as the DCIR every 50 turns. The capacity retention and DCIR boost for the high temperature cycle were calculated as follows:
capacity retention rate is × 100% of the discharge capacity of the last turn/the discharge capacity of the first turn;
DCIR lift-off rate-100% DCIR for the last 50 turns/first turn;
high temperature storage test
And (3) charging the formed battery to 4.4V at a constant current and a constant voltage of 1C at normal temperature, measuring the initial discharge capacity and the initial battery thickness of the battery, then storing the battery for 30 days at 60 ℃, discharging the battery to 3.0V at 1C, and measuring the capacity retention and recovery capacity of the battery and the thickness of the battery after storage. The calculation formula is as follows:
battery capacity retention (%) — retention capacity/initial capacity × 100;
battery capacity recovery (%) -recovered capacity/initial capacity × 100%;
thickness swell (%) (cell thickness after storage-initial cell thickness)/initial cell thickness × 100%.
Rate discharge test
At 25 ℃, the formed battery is charged to 4.4V by a 1C constant current and constant voltage, and then discharged to 3.0V by a 0.5C constant current. The discharge capacity was recorded. Then charging to 4.4V at a constant current and a constant voltage of 1C, then discharging to 3.0V at a constant current of 0.2C, and recording the discharge capacity; then charging to 4.4V at a constant current and a constant voltage of 1C, then discharging to 3.0V at a constant current of 0.5C, and recording the discharge capacity; then charging to 4.4V at a constant current and a constant voltage of 1C, then discharging to 3.0V at a constant current of 1C, and recording the discharge capacity; then the 1C constant current and constant voltage was charged to 4.4V, then discharged at 2C constant current to 3.0V and the discharge capacity was recorded. The capacity retention rates of the different-rate discharges were tested. The calculation formula is as follows:
capacity retention (%) of different-rate discharge was × 100% of discharge capacity/initial capacity at different rates.
Example 2
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing CV curves of 3 to 4.5V obtained by comparing the electrolyte of example 2 with a blank electrolyte.
The cycle performance, high temperature performance and rate capability data obtained by the test are shown in table 2, which is the same as example 1 except that 0.3% of succinimide is replaced with trimeric succinimide in the preparation of the electrolyte, as shown in table 1.
Example 3
As shown in Table 1, the cycle performance, high temperature performance and rate capability data obtained by the test are shown in Table 2, except that 0.3% of the succinimide was replaced with penta-succinimide in the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
As shown in Table 1, the cycle performance, high temperature performance and rate capability data obtained by the test are shown in Table 2, which is the same as example 2 except that 1% of DTD is additionally added in the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
Example 5
As shown in Table 1, the cycle performance, high temperature performance and rate capability data obtained by the test are shown in Table 2, except that 0.3% of diethylpyrocarbonate is additionally added in the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, which is the same as that of example 2.
Example 6
As shown in Table 1, the cycle performance, high temperature performance and rate capability data obtained by the test are shown in Table 2, which is the same as example 1 except that 1% of DTD was replaced with divinyl sulfate in the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
Comparative example 1
As shown in table 1, the cycle performance, high temperature performance and rate performance data obtained by the test are shown in table 2, which is the same as example 1 except that the succinimide was removed in the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
Comparative example 2
As shown in Table 1, the cycle performance, high temperature performance and rate performance data obtained by the test are shown in Table 2, except that 0.3% of trimeric succinimide in example 2 is changed to 0.1% of trimeric succinimide in the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution in the same manner as in example 2.
Comparative example 3
As shown in Table 1, the cycle performance, high temperature performance and rate performance data obtained by the test are shown in Table 2, except that 0.3% of trimeric succinimide in example 2 was changed to 3% of trimeric succinimide in the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution in the same manner as in example 2.
Comparative example 4
As shown in Table 1, the cycle performance, high temperature performance and rate performance data obtained by the test are shown in Table 2, except that 0.3% of trimeric succinimide in example 2 is changed to 5% of trimeric succinimide in the preparation of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution in the same manner as in example 2.
TABLE 1
| Examples/comparative examples | The content of the compound shown in the structural formula 1 | Auxiliaries and amounts |
| Example 1 | 0.3% of succinimide | / |
| Example 2 | 0.3% of trimeric succinimide | / |
| Example 3 | 0.3% penta-succinimide | / |
| Example 4 | 0.3% of trimeric succinimide | 1％DTD |
| Example 5 | 0.3% of trimeric succinimide | 0.3％DEPC |
| Example 6 | 0.3% of trimeric succinimide | 1％BDTD |
| Comparative example 1 | / | / |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.1% of trimeric succinimide | / |
| Comparative example 3 | 3% of trimeric succinimide | / |
| Comparative example 4 | 5% of trimeric succinimide | / |
TABLE 2
From the above tests, it can be seen that examples 1-6 can significantly improve the cycle performance and high temperature performance of the ternary high voltage battery, and suppress the rise of DCIR caused by cycling.
The tests show that the combination of the oligomer of the succinimide with DEPC, DTD, BDTD and the like can further improve the cycle performance.
The tests show that the oligomer added with diimide can improve the oxidation platform of the ternary anode during charging, reduce the reduction platform and ensure better cycling stability under high voltage.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, but it is not intended to limit the present invention only to these examples. Without departing from the technical principle of the invention, it is intended that the invention be covered by the claims and the technical scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The non-aqueous electrolyte additive for the lithium ion battery, the non-aqueous electrolyte and the lithium ion battery are characterized in that the components of the non-aqueous electrolyte comprise electrolyte lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent and an additive; the additive comprises oligomer of succinimide and derivatives thereof, and the structural formula of the additive is as follows:
wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; r represents any one selected from hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, alkyl with carbon content more than or equal to 1, alkylene, alkoxy or aromatic group.
2. The additive for the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of the lithium ion battery and the nonaqueous electrolyte solution as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of the oligomer of succinimide and the derivative thereof in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution is 0.1 to 5%.
3. The additive for the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of a lithium ion battery and the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous solvent is an organic solvent, and the organic solvent accounts for 60 to 80% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution.
4. The nonaqueous electrolyte additive and the nonaqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery according to claim 3, wherein the organic solvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, butyl acetate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, ethyl butyrate, propyl propionate, ethyl propionate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl carbonate, or 2,2, 2-ethylpropyl trifluoroacetate.
5. The additive for the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of the lithium ion battery and the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte lithium salt accounts for 10-17% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution.
6. The lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte additive and the non-aqueous electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lithium salt of the electrolyte lithium salt comprises any one or a combination of at least two of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis (oxalato) borate, lithium difluoro (oxalato) phosphate, lithium tetrafluorooxalato phosphate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis (fluorosulfonato) imide and lithium difluoro (malonato) phosphate.
7. The non-aqueous electrolyte additive and the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte comprises an auxiliary agent, and the auxiliary agent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of vinylene carbonate, diethyl pyrocarbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, vinyl sulfate, difluorovinyl carbonate, di-vinyl sulfate, tris (trimethylsilane) phosphate or tris (trimethylsilane) phosphite, and pentafluoro (phenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene.
8. The additive for the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of the lithium ion battery and the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of claim 7, wherein the additive accounts for 3-15% of the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution.
9. A lithium ion battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. The lithium ion battery of claim 9, wherein the active material of the positive electrode is L iNixCoyMnzM1-x-y-zO2Or L iNixCoyAlzM1-x-y-zO2Wherein M is any one of Co, Ni, Mn, Mg, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, Sr, V and Ti, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and x + y + z is less than or equal to 1; the active material of the negative electrode is any one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, lithium titanate and a silicon-carbon composite material or silicon monoxide.
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| CN112186248A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 香河昆仑化学制品有限公司 | Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN112201852A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-08 | 香河昆仑化学制品有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte additive, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery electrolyte |
| CN113948774A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-18 | 九江天赐高新材料有限公司 | Power type lithium secondary battery electrolyte and battery |
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| CN115441050A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-06 | 华中科技大学 | Multifunctional lithium ion battery electrode liquid and preparation method and application thereof |
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