CN111471921A - Novel low-melting-point high-fluidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel low-melting-point high-fluidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
- B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
- B22F2009/0828—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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Abstract
The invention relates to novel wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder with low melting point and high fluidity, which comprises the following chemical components: 2.5 to 3.5 percent of carbon, 4.0 to 7.0 percent of chromium, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of manganese, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of silicon, 7.0 to 10.0 percent of nickel, 2.2 to 3.2 percent of boron and the balance of iron. A preparation method of novel wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder with low melting point and high fluidity comprises the following steps: a. taking a metal raw material of the needed iron-based alloy powder, removing a metal oxide layer on the surface of the metal raw material and drying moisture contained in the raw material; b. adding a carburant and iron, chromium and nickel for removing a metal oxide layer and water into a smelting furnace to obtain a molten liquid; c. pouring the melt in the step (b) into an atomizing tower for atomization to obtain atomized droplets; d. and cooling the atomized small droplets, collecting the cooled powder, spin-drying, drying and screening to obtain the iron-based alloy powder. The iron-based alloy powder has comprehensive properties, namely low melting point, high fluidity, strong feeding property and the like, and is superior to products used in the market at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal alloy powder materials, in particular to novel low-melting-point high-fluidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the centrifugal casting powder commonly used in China is various in variety, but the problem of high melting point is commonly existed, according to the condition that the furnace temperature heat preservation performance of a resistance furnace commonly used in the centrifugal casting process of a plastic machine charging barrel in the market is poor, the highest temperature is limited (the highest temperature is 1150 ℃), the powder contained in the charging barrel cannot be fully melted, the one-time yield is low, particularly, the powder with medium and large size specifications (the diameter of an inner hole is more than phi 90), and the material pipe wall is thick, so that the temperature difference between the lower temperature and the relatively high melting point of the powder is large.
In addition, the solid-liquid lines of a plurality of iron-based powders are relatively close, so that the molten alloy liquid in the material pipe is rapidly reduced by the cooling temperature in the key link of the material pipe centrifugation, and the alloy liquid is solidified when the alloy liquid is not fully and uniformly paved on the inner wall of the material pipe, so that the alloy layer of a client product is not uniform in the inner pipe, and the scrap is caused. Because of the rapid cooling solidification, insufficient time is provided for the alloy liquid to compensate shrinkage cavities in the solidification process, after the alloy is completely solidified, sand holes are mixed in the alloy, and the shrinkage cavities are also the reason for low yield, so that the novel wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder with low melting point and high fluidity is in urgent need.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide novel wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder with low melting point and high fluidity and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the novel wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder with low melting point and high fluidity comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
2.5 to 3.5 percent of C (carbon), 4.0 to 7.0 percent of Cr (chromium), 0.5 to 1.5 percent of Mn (manganese), 1.0 to 2.0 percent of Si (silicon), 7.0 to 10.0 percent of Ni (nickel), 2.2 to 3.2 percent of B (boron), and the balance of iron; the C, Cr, Mn, Si, Ni, B and Fe in the alloy powder are all commercial industrial grade materials.
In the iron-based alloy powder, in order to achieve the effect of low melting point, the proportion of each element is fully tested and verified, wherein the addition of Cr can cause the melting point of the whole alloy material to rise, the alloy hardness is improved, the melting point can be reduced by Ni and B, and the alloy hardness can be reduced by adding excessive Ni, so that the effect can be well achieved by 3 percent difference between Cr and Ni through repeated tests on the premise of fully ensuring the alloy hardness; the addition of B further reduces the melting point, and the proportion between B and the iron carbon can ensure that the melting point is fully close to the eutectic point, so the melting point can reach the lowest, and the liquid phase and the solid phase have an interval close to 100 ℃, so the alloy liquid can be still in a liquid state for a period of time in the process of cooling and solidifying in the centrifugal process after being completely melted.
The invention is prepared by a water atomization powder preparation method, the powder is more than or equal to 80 percent in spherical shape due to the better tensile force action of the alloy liquid, the granularity is controlled to be 75-850 mu m through strict screening, large particles are easy to generate hollow slag or gas, and finished products are removed after screening.
The invention is used for the centrifugal casting process of the plastic machine barrel.
Further, the preparation method of the novel low-melting-point high-fluidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder comprises the following steps:
a. taking metal raw materials of the needed iron-based alloy powder, wherein the metal raw materials are high-quality products with low content of S, P, Al impurities for ensuring the product quality, and the metal raw materials are iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, silicon, boron and a carburant, removing a metal oxide layer on the surface of the metal raw materials and drying the water contained in the raw materials;
b. adding a carburant and 50% of iron, chromium and nickel which are used for removing a metal oxide layer and water as a matrix into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, then adding the rest of iron, chromium and nickel which are used for removing the metal oxide layer and water, adding manganese which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water after completely melting, adding silicon which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water after completely melting, heating and completely melting, then adding boron which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water, heating to obtain a molten liquid, continuously preserving heat, and performing electromagnetic stirring to uniformly mix alloy components in the solution;
c. atomizing the medium at a high-pressure water level, simultaneously starting an air draft device in the atomizing tower to enable the pressure in the atomizing tower to be less than 1 atmosphere and to be in a micro-negative pressure state, and pouring the melt in the step (b) into the atomizing tower for atomization to obtain atomized small droplets;
d. and cooling the atomized small droplets, collecting the cooled powder, spin-drying, drying and screening to obtain the iron-based alloy powder.
Further, in the step d, the drying treatment adopts a vacuum dryer to preserve heat for 5-8 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃. Because the powder after atomization is contacted with the atmosphere in the melting process, the oxygen content of the powder is inevitably increased, and the oxygen content of the powder is increased again by drying the powder under the atmospheric environment, even a layer of oxide film is attached to the surface of the powder, so that the drying step is very important and directly influences the using effect of the product.
Further, in the step c, the pressure in the atomizing tower is kept between 0.1 and 0.9MPa in the atomizing process.
Further, in the step c, the spraying pressure of high-pressure water in the atomization process is 4-6MPa, and in the step b, the temperature of the molten liquid is 1500-1600 ℃. Through a great deal of creative work of the inventor, the feeding sequence of various materials has strict requirements, the materials are required to be fed regularly and quantitatively according to the sequence, and the proportion of each component is defined as a reasonable range through a great deal of work.
In addition, the centrifugal casting method of the plastic machine charging barrel comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing powder: the alloy powder of the invention is fully mixed with a proper amount of borax, and the borax plays a role in slagging and deoxidizing.
(2) Powder filling: welding one end of the material pipe with a cover, and pouring the mixed powder into the material pipe.
(3) Closing: the other end is welded tightly by a cover, and a vent hole is reserved.
(4) Heat treatment casting: and (4) putting the material pipe into a resistance furnace, heating, and preserving heat after the melting point of the powder is exceeded. The heat preservation time varies from 0.5 to 6 hours according to the size of the material pipe.
(5) Centrifuging: and placing the material pipe subjected to heat preservation on a centrifugal roller to perform a centrifugal process.
(6) Slow cooling: and (5) placing the material pipe after the centrifugation in a constant temperature furnace to cool along with the furnace. The cooling temperature is reduced from 700 ℃ to room temperature.
The operation of slowly cooling from 700 ℃ to room temperature along with the furnace is very important for the function of the alloy layer. If the cooling is too fast, the alloy layer and the base body have different thermal shrinkage coefficients, so that the alloy layer is cracked to cause the rejection of the material pipe.
The chemical component iron contained in the iron-based alloy powder of the present invention is a matrix metal element.
The chemical component chromium contained in the iron-based alloy powder of the invention mainly enhances the corrosion resistance and the strength of the alloy, but excessive chromium can cause the alloy to become brittle and reduce the ductility.
The chemical component silicon contained in the iron-based alloy powder has the main effects of improving the strength of solid solution in steel and the cold working hardening degree, reducing the toughness and plasticity of the steel and improving the corrosion resistance.
The chemical component manganese contained in the iron-based alloy powder has the main function of improving the hardenability of steel.
The chemical component nickel contained in the iron-based alloy powder has the main functions of improving the strength and the toughness of steel, improving the hardenability and the strength of the steel, and keeping good plasticity and toughness. The nickel has higher corrosion resistance to acid and alkali and has antirust and heat-resisting capabilities at high temperature.
The chemical component boron contained in the iron-based alloy powder has the main function of improving the hardenability and the high-temperature strength of steel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the iron-based alloy powder has comprehensive properties, namely low melting point, high fluidity, strong feeding property and the like, which are superior to products used in the market at present;
2. the normal temperature hardness value is 64-67HRC, the wear resistance is superior, and the corrosion resistance of the powder is further improved by adding Cr and Ni;
3. the iron-based alloy powder is suitable for the centrifugal casting process of the charging barrel of the plastic machine, has good use effect particularly for a resistance furnace used in a large range, has uniform distribution of an alloy layer, has no defects of air holes, no impurities and the like, has high one-time finished product rate for customers, and creates remarkable economic benefit for the customers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a novel wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder with low melting point and high fluidity comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
2.5 to 3.5 percent of C (carbon), 4.0 to 7.0 percent of Cr (chromium), 0.5 to 1.5 percent of Mn (manganese), 1.0 to 2.0 percent of Si (silicon), 7.0 to 10.0 percent of Ni (nickel), 2.2 to 3.2 percent of B (boron), and the balance of iron; the C, Cr, Mn, Si, Ni, B and Fe in the alloy powder are all commercial industrial grade materials.
In the iron-based alloy powder, in order to achieve the effect of low melting point, the proportion of each element is fully tested and verified, wherein the addition of Cr can cause the melting point of the whole alloy material to rise, the alloy hardness is improved, the melting point can be reduced by Ni and B, and the alloy hardness can be reduced by adding excessive Ni, so that the effect can be well achieved by 3 percent difference between Cr and Ni through repeated tests on the premise of fully ensuring the alloy hardness; the addition of B further reduces the melting point, and the proportion between B and the iron carbon can ensure that the melting point is fully close to the eutectic point, so the melting point can reach the lowest, and the liquid phase and the solid phase have an interval close to 100 ℃, so the alloy liquid can be still in a liquid state for a period of time in the process of cooling and solidifying in the centrifugal process after being completely melted.
The invention is prepared by a water atomization powder preparation method, the powder is more than or equal to 80 percent in spherical shape due to the better tensile force action of the alloy liquid, the granularity is controlled to be 75-850 mu m through strict screening, large particles are easy to generate hollow slag or gas, and finished products are removed after screening.
The chemical component iron contained in the iron-based alloy powder of the present invention is a matrix metal element.
The chemical component chromium contained in the iron-based alloy powder of the invention mainly enhances the corrosion resistance and the strength of the alloy, but excessive chromium can cause the alloy to become brittle and reduce the ductility.
The chemical component silicon contained in the iron-based alloy powder has the main effects of improving the strength of solid solution in steel and the cold working hardening degree, reducing the toughness and plasticity of the steel and improving the corrosion resistance.
The chemical component manganese contained in the iron-based alloy powder has the main function of improving the hardenability of steel.
The chemical component nickel contained in the iron-based alloy powder has the main functions of improving the strength and the toughness of steel, improving the hardenability and the strength of the steel, and keeping good plasticity and toughness. The nickel has higher corrosion resistance to acid and alkali and has antirust and heat-resisting capabilities at high temperature.
The chemical component boron contained in the iron-based alloy powder has the main function of improving the hardenability and the high-temperature strength of steel.
Example 1
Table 1 shows the amounts of the metal materials used in example 1
The preparation method of the iron-based powder of this example includes the following steps:
(1) according to the dosage of the table 1, the metal raw materials of the needed iron-based alloy powder are all superior products with low impurity content of S, P, Al and the like in order to ensure the product quality. The metal raw materials are iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, silicon, boron and a carburant, and a metal oxide layer on the surface of the metal raw materials is removed while water contained in the raw materials is dried.
(2) Adding a carburant and 50% of iron, chromium and nickel which are used for removing a metal oxide layer and water as a matrix into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, then adding the rest of iron, chromium and nickel which are used for removing the metal oxide layer and water, adding manganese which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water after completely melting, adding silicon which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water after completely melting, heating and completely melting, then adding boron which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water, heating to obtain molten liquid at 1600 ℃, continuously preserving heat and performing electromagnetic stirring to uniformly mix alloy components in the solution;
(3) atomizing the medium by using a high-pressure water level, simultaneously starting an air draft device in an atomizing tower to enable the pressure in the atomizing tower to be less than 1 atmosphere and to be in a micro-negative pressure state, pouring the melt in the step (2) into the atomizing tower for atomization, and obtaining atomized small liquid drops with the injection pressure of 6 MPa;
(4) and cooling the atomized small drops, collecting the cooled powder, drying for 5 hours at 150 ℃ in a vacuum oven, and screening by using a vibrating screen of 20-200 meshes to obtain the iron-based alloy powder.
Table 2 shows the chemical composition of the iron-based alloy material of example 1
The iron-based alloy powder of the embodiment is processed by a centrifugal casting process, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) centrifugal casting: and (2) loading the iron-based alloy powder mixed borax described in the example 1 into a plastic material pipe, welding two ends of the plastic material pipe by using covers, placing the material pipe into a resistance furnace, raising the temperature and preserving the heat, wherein the maximum heat preservation temperature is 1150 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1 hour to obtain a material pipe sample.
(2) Cutting and sampling: and (4) cutting the two end covers, observing the conditions of the internal alloy, including uniformity and molten state, and cutting the sample.
Example 2
Table 3 shows the amounts of the metal materials used in example 2
The preparation method of the iron-based powder of this example includes the following steps:
(1) according to the dosage of the table 1, the metal raw materials of the needed iron-based alloy powder are all superior products with low impurity content of S, P, Al and the like in order to ensure the product quality. The metal raw materials are iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, silicon, boron and a carburant, and a metal oxide layer on the surface of the metal raw materials is removed while water contained in the raw materials is dried.
(2) Adding a carburant and 50% of iron, chromium and nickel which are used for removing a metal oxide layer and water as a matrix into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, then adding the rest of iron, chromium and nickel which are used for removing the metal oxide layer and water, adding manganese which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water after completely melting, adding silicon which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water after completely melting, heating and completely melting, then adding boron which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water, heating to obtain molten liquid at 1600 ℃, continuously preserving heat and performing electromagnetic stirring to uniformly mix alloy components in the solution;
(3) atomizing the medium by using a high-pressure water level, simultaneously starting an air draft device in an atomizing tower to enable the pressure in the atomizing tower to be less than 1 atmosphere and to be in a micro-negative pressure state, pouring the melt in the step (2) into the atomizing tower for atomization, and obtaining atomized small liquid drops with the injection pressure of 6 MPa;
(4) and cooling the atomized small drops, collecting the cooled powder, drying for 5 hours at 150 ℃ in a vacuum oven, and screening by using a vibrating screen of 20-200 meshes to obtain the iron-based alloy powder.
Table 4 shows the chemical composition of the iron-based alloy material of example 2
The iron-based alloy powder of the embodiment is processed by a centrifugal casting process, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) centrifugal casting: and (2) loading the iron-based alloy powder mixed borax described in the example 1 into a plastic material pipe, welding two ends of the plastic material pipe by using covers, placing the material pipe into a resistance furnace, raising the temperature and preserving the heat, wherein the maximum heat preservation temperature is 1150 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1 hour to obtain a material pipe sample.
(2) Cutting and sampling: and (4) cutting the two end covers, observing the conditions of the internal alloy, including uniformity and molten state, and cutting the sample.
Example 3
Table 5 shows the amounts of the metal materials used in example 3
The preparation method of the iron-based powder of this example includes the following steps:
(1) according to the dosage of the table 1, the metal raw materials of the needed iron-based alloy powder are all superior products with low impurity content of S, P, Al and the like in order to ensure the product quality. The metal raw materials are iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, silicon, boron and a carburant, and a metal oxide layer on the surface of the metal raw materials is removed while water contained in the raw materials is dried.
(2) Adding a carburant and 50% of iron, chromium and nickel which are used for removing a metal oxide layer and water as a matrix into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, then adding the rest of iron, chromium and nickel which are used for removing the metal oxide layer and water, adding manganese which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water after completely melting, adding silicon which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water after completely melting, heating and completely melting, then adding boron which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water, heating to obtain molten liquid at 1600 ℃, continuously preserving heat and performing electromagnetic stirring to uniformly mix alloy components in the solution;
(3) atomizing the medium by using a high-pressure water level, simultaneously starting an air draft device in an atomizing tower to enable the pressure in the atomizing tower to be less than 1 atmosphere and to be in a micro-negative pressure state, pouring the melt in the step (2) into the atomizing tower for atomization, and obtaining atomized small liquid drops with the injection pressure of 6 MPa;
(4) and cooling the atomized small drops, collecting the cooled powder, drying for 5 hours at 150 ℃ in a vacuum oven, and screening by using a vibrating screen of 20-200 meshes to obtain the iron-based alloy powder.
Table 6 shows the chemical composition of the iron-based alloy material of example 3
The iron-based alloy powder of the embodiment is processed by a centrifugal casting process, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) centrifugal casting: and (2) loading the iron-based alloy powder mixed borax described in the example 1 into a plastic material pipe, welding two ends of the plastic material pipe by using covers, placing the material pipe into a resistance furnace, raising the temperature and preserving the heat, wherein the maximum heat preservation temperature is 1150 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1 hour to obtain a material pipe sample.
(2) Cutting and sampling: and (4) cutting the two end covers, observing the conditions of the internal alloy, including uniformity and molten state, and cutting the sample.
The iron-based alloy powder has comprehensive properties, namely low melting point, high fluidity, strong feeding property and the like, which are superior to products used in the market at present; the normal temperature hardness value is 64-67HRC, the wear resistance is superior, and the corrosion resistance of the powder is further improved by adding Cr and Ni; the iron-based alloy powder is suitable for the centrifugal casting process of the charging barrel of the plastic machine, has good use effect particularly for a resistance furnace used in a large range, has uniform distribution of an alloy layer, has no defects of air holes, no impurities and the like, has high one-time finished product rate for customers, and creates remarkable economic benefit for the customers.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The novel low-melting-point high-fluidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
2.5 to 3.5 percent of carbon, 4.0 to 7.0 percent of chromium, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of manganese, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of silicon, 7.0 to 10.0 percent of nickel, 2.2 to 3.2 percent of boron and the balance of iron.
2. A novel low-melting point high-fluidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the weight percentages of chromium and nickel differ by 3%.
3. The preparation method of the novel wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder with low melting point and high fluidity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. taking metal raw materials of the needed iron-based alloy powder, wherein the metal raw materials are high-quality products with low content of S, P, Al impurities for ensuring the product quality, and the metal raw materials are iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, silicon, boron and a carburant, removing a metal oxide layer on the surface of the metal raw materials and drying the water contained in the raw materials;
b. adding a carburant and 50% of iron, chromium and nickel which are used for removing a metal oxide layer and water as a matrix into a smelting furnace, heating and melting, then adding the rest of iron, chromium and nickel which are used for removing the metal oxide layer and water, adding manganese which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water after completely melting, adding silicon which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water after completely melting, heating and completely melting, then adding boron which is used for removing the metal oxide layer and water, heating to obtain a molten liquid, continuously preserving heat, and performing electromagnetic stirring to uniformly mix alloy components in the solution;
c. b, atomizing the medium at a high-pressure water level, simultaneously starting an air draft device in the atomizing tower to enable the pressure in the atomizing tower to be less than 1 atmosphere and to be in a micro-negative pressure state, and pouring the melt in the step b into the atomizing tower for atomization to obtain atomized small droplets;
d. and cooling the atomized small droplets, collecting the cooled powder, spin-drying, drying and screening to obtain the iron-based alloy powder.
4. The method for preparing a novel wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder with low melting point and high fluidity in the claim 3, wherein in the step d, the drying treatment is performed by a vacuum dryer for 5-8 hours at the temperature of 150 ℃.
5. The method for preparing a novel low-melting-point high-fluidity wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder according to claim 3, wherein in the step c, the pressure in the atomizing tower is kept at 0.1-0.9MPa during the atomizing process.
6. The method for preparing a novel wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder with low melting point and high fluidity according to claim 3, wherein the spraying pressure of high-pressure water during atomization is 4-6MPa in step c, and the melt temperature is 1500-1600 ℃ in step b.
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| CN115070004A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-20 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | Casting method of metal type centrifugal roll collar |
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