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CN111452457B - Impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111452457B
CN111452457B CN202010340084.9A CN202010340084A CN111452457B CN 111452457 B CN111452457 B CN 111452457B CN 202010340084 A CN202010340084 A CN 202010340084A CN 111452457 B CN111452457 B CN 111452457B
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glass
semi
temperature
impact
glass substrate
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CN111452457A (en
Inventor
吴从真
肖坚伟
陈杰
郑耿标
陈惜英
廖克生
林俊明
徐敏
王庆林
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Wujiang Golden Glass Technologies Ltd
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Wujiang Golden Glass Technologies Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
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    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
    • B32B17/10871—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing in combination with particular heat treatment
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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    • B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/22—Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass, which comprises the following steps: s1, cleaning a semi-tempered glass substrate and air-drying; s2, laminating according to the laminating sequence of the semi-toughened glass substrate and the PVB film; s3, placing the superposed glass combination on a roller for prepressing; s4, feeding the pre-pressed glass combination into a high-pressure kettle for steam pressing to obtain a semi-finished glass substrate interlayer combination; s5, overlapping the semi-finished glass substrate interlayer combination and the PU film and the PC board according to the overlapping sequence to obtain a combined material; s6, filling the laminated combined material into a vacuum bag for edge sealing treatment; s7, steaming and pressing the combined material for 4-6 hours at the temperature of 110-120 ℃ and under the pressure of 1.1-1.25Mpa to obtain the bulletproof glass. The invention also discloses the bulletproof glass prepared by the method. The bulletproof glass prepared by the invention has the advantages that the integral dead weight can be reduced by about 20-30%, and simultaneously the impact resistance and the bulletproof performance are kept unchanged.

Description

Impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bulletproof glass, in particular to impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, terrorist attack activities occur all the time around the world, and the destruction range caused by bomb explosion attacks is large, so that the terrorist attack activity not only poses serious life threat to outdoor people, but also causes great harm and loss to people nearby indoors. According to the analysis of safety experts and the display of related data: in the event of a terrorist attack by bomb explosion, 75% of the injuries are directly related to the scattering of building glass and the splashing of fragments, and therefore, the scattering of building glass and the splashing of fragments are the main causes of injuries to people.
At present, the prior preparation process of the bulletproof glass usually adopts two pre-pressing and steam-pressing processes, wherein the second pre-pressing and steam-pressing are carried out step by step, and the pre-pressing adopts a rolling method or a vacuum bag method. The process is not only complicated, but also cannot produce curved bulletproof glass by a rolling method. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN105034544A (2015, 11/11) discloses a method for preparing bulletproof glass, which includes the steps of raw material preparation, laminated glass production (including prepressing), sheet combination, prepressing, and press-steaming.
In addition, in order to improve the bulletproof performance of the glass, the traditional method of increasing the thickness of the glass and the number of the interlayer layers is generally adopted to enhance the bulletproof performance of the glass, but the defects of too thick total thickness, too heavy weight and the like of a glass combined member are caused, great inconvenience is brought to installation and use, and the production cost and the use cost are correspondingly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass, which simplifies the preparation process of the existing bulletproof glass and can solve the problem that curved surface bulletproof glass cannot be produced by a rolling method; the bulletproof glass prepared by the method improves the impact resistance and penetration resistance of the glass, effectively reduces the weight and thickness of the bulletproof glass, reduces the cost, and can reduce the integral dead weight by about 20-30%.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: providing a semi-tempered glass substrate, removing grease and dust on the surface, and air-drying;
s2, first sheet combination: laminating the semi-tempered glass substrate and a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film in a laminating sequence at the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 23 +/-5% to obtain a glass combination;
s3, prepressing: placing the superposed glass combination on a roller for prepressing, wherein the temperature of a front roller is 60-180 ℃, the temperature of a rear roller is 150-240 ℃, the rolling speed is 0.3-2.4 m/min, and the rolling pressure is 0.4-1.0 Mpa;
s4, first steam pressure forming: feeding the pre-pressed glass combination into an autoclave for autoclaving, and autoclaving for 4-6 hours at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ and the pressure of 1.2-1.3 Mpa to obtain a semi-finished glass substrate interlayer combination;
s5, second-time sheet combination: checking the product quality of the semi-finished product glass substrate interlayer combination, and after the semi-finished product glass substrate interlayer combination, a Polyurethane (PU) film and a Polycarbonate (PC) plate are qualified, superposing the semi-finished product glass substrate interlayer combination, the PU film and the PC plate in an environment with the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 23 +/-5% to obtain a composite material;
s6, vacuumizing: wrapping and fixing the laminated combined material, and filling the combined material into a vacuum bag for edge sealing;
s7, secondary steam pressure forming: feeding the vacuum-treated combined material into an autoclave, connecting an air extraction valve of a vacuum bag with an air suction valve in the autoclave, vacuumizing, and controlling the vacuum bag to be in a negative pressure state; then steaming and pressing for 4-6 hours at the temperature of 110-120 ℃ and the pressure of 1.1-1.25Mpa to obtain the bulletproof glass.
In step S1, when cleaning the glass substrate, the distance between the disk brushes is adjusted according to the thickness of the glass, and grease and dust on the surface of the glass are removed to control the adhesion of the laminated glass. When the glass is cleaned and output, the cleanliness of the glass is checked in real time, and the glass is not clean and needs to be cleaned again.
Further, in step S1, the semi-tempered glass substrate is obtained by subjecting a glass original sheet to a physical tempering process, and the surface stress of the semi-tempered glass substrate is controlled within 24-69 Mpa. The surface stress is controlled within the range, the strength of the glass substrate is enhanced, the spontaneous explosion rate of the glass substrate can be reduced, and the quality of the glass is kept stable.
Further, the glass sheet should be made of high-quality raw material glass sheets, and the raw material glass sheets are firstly processed into a preset specification, then cleaned and dried, wherein the temperature during drying is preferably 55-90 ℃.
In steps S2 and S5 of the present invention, the four sides should be aligned during the lamination process, no stacking error exists, and no contamination exists between the glass and the PVB film.
Further, in steps S2 and S5, the superimposition is preferably performed in an environment where the temperature is 22 ℃ and the humidity is 20 to 27%.
In step S3, the rolling distance is adjusted according to the product specification during pre-pressing, and the rolling distance is ensured to be 2-4mm less than the thickness of the glass. Further, during pre-pressing, the temperature of the front roller is 70-170 ℃, the temperature of the rear roller is 160-230 ℃, the rolling speed is 0.5-2.3 m/min, and the rolling pressure is 0.6-0.9 MPa. Preferably, the glass surface temperature after rolling is 65-75 ℃.
Further, in step S3, if white opaque bubbles appear at the edges of the rolled glass assembly, a plasticizer is applied to the edges of the glass where the bubbles appear before the glass is cooled, and the glass is sent to an autoclave for autoclaving after the liquid penetrates. The interlayer glass plasticizer used is preferably brand-compatible with the PVB film.
In step S6, after the edge sealing process is performed on the vacuum bag, it is checked whether the vacuum bag is air-leaking.
Further, in step S7, the negative pressure of the vacuum bag in the autoclave is controlled to be-0.8 MPa to-1.0 MPa. And (3) the inorganic laminated glass combination is firmly bonded with the PC board through the PU film by vacuumizing treatment.
Further, in step S7, the temperature and pressure in the autoclave are simultaneously increased, and the temperature increase rate is controlled to be 1.5-3 ℃/min.
Further, in step S7, after the autoclave is completed, the pressure release is started when the temperature is decreased to 45 ℃ or lower, and the autoclave door can be opened after the pressure is completely released and the temperature is decreased to room temperature.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass prepared by the method of the first aspect, wherein the bulletproof glass comprises:
the main bearing layer is formed by combining a plurality of semi-toughened glass substrates and a PVB film laminated layer;
a PC board as the back of the bulletproof glass outer layer; and
and combining the main bearing layer and the PU film of the PC board as an intermediate layer.
Furthermore, in the bulletproof glass, the thickness of the semi-tempered glass substrate is 4-12 mm, the thickness of the PVB film is 0.38-2.28 mm, the thickness of the PU film is 0.635-2.54 mm, and the thickness of the PC plate is 2-3 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the preparation process of the bulletproof glass, the second pre-pressing and the steam pressing are formed in the autoclave once, so that the secondary forming time is shortened, and the efficiency is improved; the glass is fully preheated, pre-pressed and exhausted, the glass is tightly adhered to the PU film and the PC board, the product quality is good, the yield is high, the problems of bubbles (especially the bubbles at the corners of the PU film and the PC board), degumming and cracks of the PC board are not easy to generate, and the heat resistance is good. And according to the steps of the invention S5-S7, the problem that the curved bulletproof glass cannot be produced by a rolling method can be solved.
2. The invention takes the semi-toughened glass substrate processed by the physical toughening process as the main bearing layer, and is assisted by the PVB film with high toughness and high penetration resistance to combine the glass substrate, thereby strengthening the penetration resistance of the glass; meanwhile, the PC board is combined by taking the polycarbonate (PC board) with high impact resistance as the back surface of the outer layer and taking the PU film as the middle layer, so that the impact resistance and the penetration resistance of the glass are improved, and the weight and the thickness of the bulletproof glass can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the cost. The bulletproof glass keeps the indexes of impact resistance, bulletproof performance and the like unchanged, and simultaneously reduces the integral dead weight by about 20 to 30 percent.
3. The bulletproof glass can be applied to various occasions by combining the glass substrates with different layers. The composite material has the characteristics of high strength, impact resistance, light weight, ultraviolet resistance and the like, and has excellent bulletproof performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bullet-proof glass of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a bullet-proof glass according to examples 2 to 3 of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a semi-tempered glass substrate; 2. PVB film; 3. a PU film; 4. a PC board.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
1. Processing a flat glass substrate:
selecting a glass sheet, cleaning and drying the glass sheet, improving the surface strength of the glass sheet by a physical tempering method to obtain a semi-tempered glass substrate, and controlling the surface stress of the semi-tempered glass substrate to be 24-69 Mpa. Then, the surface of the semi-tempered glass substrate is cleaned of grease and dust, and air-dried.
2. First sheet combining, prepressing and steam-pressure forming:
and (3) ensuring the sanitation of a film combining chamber and the cleanness of the PVB film, and then performing superposition according to the superposition sequence of the semi-toughened glass substrate, the PVB film and the semi-toughened glass substrate under the environment with the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 23 +/-5 percent to obtain the glass combination. During the folding process, four sides are required to be aligned, and the folding error cannot exist. No contamination can exist between the glass and the PVB film.
And (3) placing the superposed glass combination on a roller for prepressing, adjusting the rolling distance (which is 2-4mm less than the thickness of the glass) according to the product specification, setting the temperature of a front roller to be 120 ℃, the temperature of a rear roller to be 200 ℃ and the pressure to be 0.8 Mpa. The rolling speed parameter is 2.0m/min, and the surface temperature of the rolled glass is about 70 ℃.
And (3) feeding the pre-pressed glass composite material into an autoclave for autoclaving, and autoclaving at the temperature of 120 ℃ and the pressure of 1.2Mpa for 5 hours to obtain the semi-finished glass substrate interlayer combination.
3. Second sheet combination, vacuum pumping and steam pressure forming
And (3) superposing the semi-finished glass substrate interlayer combination and the PU film and the back plate PC board in an laminating chamber in an environment with the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 23 +/-5% to obtain the final composite material.
And (3) edge wrapping is carried out on the final combined material, the final combined material is fixed by using gummed paper, the final combined material is filled into a vacuum bag for edge sealing treatment, and whether the vacuum bag leaks air or not is checked.
And (3) feeding the vacuum bag after edge sealing into an autoclave, connecting an air exhaust valve of the vacuum bag with an air suction valve in the autoclave, vacuumizing, and controlling the negative pressure in the vacuum bag to be between-0.8 Mpa and-1.0 Mpa. And then raising the temperature and boosting the pressure, controlling the temperature raising speed to be 1.5-3 ℃/min, carrying out steam-pressing for 5 hours under the conditions of temperature of 120 ℃ and pressure of 1.2Mpa, starting pressure release when the temperature is reduced to be below 45 ℃, and opening a steam-pressing kettle door after the pressure is completely released and the temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain the bulletproof glass.
The bulletproof glass obtained in the example has a structure as shown in figure 1, and the total thickness is 17.41 mm.
Example 2
Example 2 the same procedure as in example 1 was followed, except that the glass structure of example 2 was: glass substrate/PVB film/glass substrate/PU film/PC board, total thickness is 28.55 mm.
Example 3
Example 2 the same procedure as in example 1 was followed, except that the glass structure of example 2 was: glass substrate/PVB film/glass substrate/PU film/PC board, and the total thickness is 33.19 mm.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitutions or changes made by the person skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, cleaning: providing a semi-tempered glass substrate, removing grease and dust on the surface, and air-drying;
s2, first-time sheet combination: laminating the semi-toughened glass substrate and the PVB film in a laminating sequence at the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 23 +/-5% to obtain a glass combination;
s3, prepressing: placing the superposed glass combination on a roller for prepressing, wherein the temperature of a front roller is 60-180 ℃, the temperature of a rear roller is 150-240 ℃, the rolling speed is 0.3-2.4 m/min, and the rolling pressure is 0.4-1.0 Mpa;
s4, first steam pressure forming: feeding the pre-pressed glass combination into an autoclave for autoclaving, and autoclaving for 4-6 hours at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ and the pressure of 1.2-1.3 Mpa to obtain a semi-finished glass substrate interlayer combination;
s5, second sheet combination: checking the product quality of the semi-finished product glass substrate interlayer combination, and after the semi-finished product glass substrate interlayer combination, the PU film and the PC board are qualified, overlapping the semi-finished product glass substrate interlayer combination, the PU film and the PC board according to the overlapping sequence at the temperature of 20 +/-3 ℃ and the relative humidity of 23 +/-5% to obtain a combined material;
s6, vacuumizing: wrapping and fixing the laminated combined material, and filling the combined material into a vacuum bag for edge sealing;
s7, secondary steam pressure forming: feeding the vacuum-treated combined material into an autoclave, connecting an air extraction valve of a vacuum bag with an air suction valve in the autoclave, vacuumizing, and controlling the vacuum bag to be in a negative pressure state; then autoclaved for 4-6 hours at the temperature of 110-120 ℃ and the pressure of 1.1-1.25Mpa to obtain the bulletproof glass.
2. The method for preparing the impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the semi-tempered glass substrate is obtained by subjecting a glass original sheet to a physical tempering process, and the surface stress of the semi-tempered glass substrate is controlled within 24-69 Mpa.
3. The method for preparing the impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass according to claim 2, wherein the glass original sheet is processed into a predetermined specification, and then is cleaned and dried, and the temperature of the drying is 55-90 ℃.
4. The method for preparing an impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass according to claim 1, wherein the steps S2 and S5 are carried out in an environment with a temperature of 22 ℃ and a humidity of 20-27%.
5. The method for preparing impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the temperature of the front roller is 70-170 ℃, the temperature of the rear roller is 160-230 ℃, the rolling speed is 0.5-2.3 m/min, and the rolling pressure is 0.6-0.9 MPa.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, if white opaque bubbles appear at the edges of the glass after the glass composition is rolled, the plasticizer is coated on the edges of the glass where bubbles appear before the glass is cooled, and the glass is fed into the autoclave for autoclaving after the liquid is infiltrated.
7. The method for preparing impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the negative pressure of the vacuum bag in the autoclave is controlled to be-0.8 MPa to-1.0 MPa.
8. The preparation method of the impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass according to claim 1, wherein in the step S7, temperature rise and pressure rise in the autoclave are carried out simultaneously, and the temperature rise rate is controlled to be 1.5-3 ℃/min.
9. An impact-resistant high-strength bullet-proof glass prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said bullet-proof glass comprises:
the main bearing layer is formed by combining a plurality of semi-toughened glass substrates and a PVB film laminated layer;
a PC board as the back of the bulletproof glass outer layer; and
and combining the main bearing layer and the PU film of the PC board as an intermediate layer.
10. The impact-resistant high-strength bulletproof glass according to claim 9, wherein in the bulletproof glass, the thickness of the semi-tempered glass substrate is 4-12 mm, the thickness of the PVB film is 0.38-2.28 mm, the thickness of the PU film is 0.635-2.54 mm, and the thickness of the PC film is 2-3 mm.
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