CN111442261B - Combustion system of upward bed coal pyrolysis co-production circulating fluidized bed boiler and working method thereof - Google Patents
Combustion system of upward bed coal pyrolysis co-production circulating fluidized bed boiler and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111442261B CN111442261B CN202010261495.9A CN202010261495A CN111442261B CN 111442261 B CN111442261 B CN 111442261B CN 202010261495 A CN202010261495 A CN 202010261495A CN 111442261 B CN111442261 B CN 111442261B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
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- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
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- F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combustion system of an up-bed coal pyrolysis co-production circulating fluidized bed boiler and a working method thereof, comprising a coal dust bin, a bin pump, an up-bed pyrolysis furnace, a turbulent flow coalescer, a high-temperature centrifuge, a cyclone separator, a pyrolysis oil gas cooling device, a pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device, a pyrolysis gas collector, a pyrolysis water collector, a pyrolysis tar collector and a circulating fluidized bed boiler, the upgoing bed pyrolysis furnace is provided with a coal powder inlet, a heat carrier inlet, a guide cylinder, a guide area, an annular space area, a lifting gas inlet, an air chamber, an air distribution plate and a bottom slag outlet. The invention recycles the high-temperature semicoke of the pyrolysis product in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace, takes the high-temperature semicoke as a heat carrier, recovers the heat of the semicoke, supplies the heat required by the pyrolysis of coal dust, simultaneously takes the high-temperature semicoke of the pyrolysis product as the raw material of the combustion furnace, reduces the pollution, abrasion and corrosion conditions of the heating surface of the boiler caused by the excessive alkali metal content in the boiler when the high-alkali coal is directly combusted, and ensures the safety and the heat exchange effect of the heating surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of coal chemical industry, energy sources and thermal power generation, in particular to a circulating fluidized bed boiler combustion system for pyrolysis co-production of ascending bed coal and a working method thereof.
Background
Coal is one of the most abundant conventional resources in the world that have been identified, with a greater proportion of low rank coals. The low-rank coal has the characteristics of more side chains, higher hydrogen and oxygen contents, large moisture, low heat productivity, good chemical reactivity, flammability, fragility and the like in the chemical structure, and is not suitable for long-distance transportation and storage. The existing low-rank coal processing and utilizing technology comprises direct combustion power generation, direct liquefaction, gasification, upgrading processing and the like. At present, low-rank coal is mainly used for pithead power generation, and a small amount of low-rank coal is dried, pyrolyzed or made into molded coal and then is transported outwards for various industrial boilers to burn or chemical utilization. The low-rank coal is used as a power fuel for direct combustion, so that not only is the abundant oil gas resources contained in the coal wasted, the economical efficiency is low, but also the energy efficiency is low and the pollution is serious, and the development of a more efficient, clean and economical low-rank coal utilization technology is very necessary.
By combining the structural characteristics of energy sources in China, the traditional coal utilization mode is changed, and the realization of efficient clean conversion of low-rank coal resources is a great research direction in the field of energy sources in China. According to the characteristic of high volatile and hydrogen content in the low-rank coal, oil, gas and chemicals with high added value can be obtained through fractional conversion, and then the upgraded coal is used for combustion power generation, so that the cascade utilization of low-rank coal resources is realized. Therefore, the method not only improves the utilization energy efficiency of coal, but also greatly reduces the emission of pollutants, and has important significance for realizing the high-efficiency, clean and large-scale application of low-rank coal in China and promoting the sustainable development of coal industry in China.
Chinese patent publication No. CN204005964U discloses a system for solving the problem of high sodium coal pollution for pulverized coal furnace combustion by self-heating down bed pyrolysis combustion, the system comprises a down pyrolysis furnace and a combustion furnace, oxygen is introduced into the top of the down bed pyrolysis furnace to cause part of raw coal to undergo oxidation combustion reaction, so as to provide heat to cause the rest raw coal to undergo pyrolysis reaction, and pyrolysis gas separated after pyrolysis is sent into the combustion furnace through a purification device to be combusted. The defects are that: (1) Oxygen is introduced into the down bed pyrolysis furnace, so that raw coal is pyrolyzed in an aerobic state, and the pyrolysis oil gas yield is reduced; (2) Pyrolysis oil gas obtained after raw coal pyrolysis in the downer pyrolysis furnace is not fully recycled.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN105505419a discloses a coal pyrolysis reactor-pulverized coal boiler combined system and application thereof, the system includes a coal pyrolysis reactor, and a multi-layer heat accumulating radiant tube is arranged inside the coal pyrolysis reactor. The defects are that: (1) The pulverized coal in the coal pyrolysis reactor contacts with the radiant tube for heat exchange, and the pulverized coal pyrolysis generates semicoke and oil gas as products. The product semicoke and oil gas are easy to adhere and accumulate on the surface of the radiant tube, so that the heat transfer effect and the service life of the radiant tube are affected; (2) The coal pyrolysis reactor is internally provided with a plurality of radiant tubes, so that the whole device has complex structure, complex operation and higher energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides the combustion system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler for the pyrolysis co-production of the ascending bed coal, which has reasonable structural design and simple process flow, so as to solve the problems of high efficiency and clean comprehensive utilization of low-rank coal resources, not only can obtain pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas with high added value, but also can greatly reduce the conditions of serious pollution, high-temperature corrosion and abrasion on the convection heating surface of the hearth of the combustion furnace when the existing power station boiler directly combusts high-alkali coal, not only ensures the heat exchange effect of the heating surface, but also reduces the occurrence of pipe explosion accidents, prolongs the service life of the boiler and prolongs the safe and stable operation period of the boiler.
The invention solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme: the combustion system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler for the pyrolysis and co-production of the ascending bed coal is characterized by comprising a coal dust bin, a bin pump, an ascending bed pyrolysis furnace, a turbulent flow coalescer, a high-temperature centrifuge, a cyclone separator, a pyrolysis oil gas cooling device, a pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device, a pyrolysis gas collector, a pyrolysis water collector, a pyrolysis tar collector and a circulating fluidized bed boiler;
The upgoing bed pyrolysis furnace is provided with a coal powder inlet, a heat carrier inlet, a guide cylinder, a guide area, an annular space area, a lifting gas inlet, an air chamber, an air distribution plate and a bottom slag outlet; the coal dust inlet and the heat carrier inlet are positioned at two sides of the upgoing bed pyrolysis furnace; the guide cylinder is positioned in the upward bed pyrolysis furnace, the guide area is positioned in the guide cylinder, and the annular space area is positioned between the guide cylinder and the upward bed pyrolysis furnace; the guide cylinder divides the up-bed pyrolysis furnace into a guide area and an annular space area, so that the mixing and heat exchange behaviors of large-particle coal dust and a heat carrier are enhanced, the residence time of the large-particle coal dust in the down-bed pyrolysis furnace is prolonged, the large-particle coal dust is fully pyrolyzed, and the pyrolysis oil gas yield is improved; the air chamber is positioned at the bottom of the uplink bed pyrolysis furnace, an air pressure stabilizing area is provided for lifting air before the air enters the air distribution plate, and the air chamber is a place for dynamic and static pressure conversion, so that the uniformity of air distribution is facilitated; the lifting gas inlet is positioned at the outer side of the air chamber; the air distribution plate is positioned at the top of the air chamber and below the guide cylinder; a plurality of air outlets are arranged on the air distribution plate; the bottom slag outlet vertically penetrates through the air distribution plate and the air chamber, the top end of the bottom slag outlet is flush with the top end of the air distribution plate, and the bottom end of the bottom slag outlet is positioned below the air chamber;
The outlet of the pulverized coal bin is connected with the inlet of the bin pump, the outlet of the bin pump is connected with the pulverized coal inlet, and the bin pump is used for conveying pulverized coal in the pulverized coal bin into an annular gap zone of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace through the pulverized coal inlet; the top outlet of the up-bed pyrolysis furnace is connected with the inlet of the turbulent flow coalescer, the outlet of the turbulent flow coalescer is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature centrifuge, the outlet of the high-temperature centrifuge is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separator, the top outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the inlet of the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device, the outlet of the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device is simultaneously connected with the inlet of the pyrolysis oil gas purification and separation device and the lifting gas inlet, the outlet of the pyrolysis oil gas purification and separation device is respectively connected with the pyrolysis gas collector, the pyrolysis water collector and the pyrolysis tar collector, the outlet of the pyrolysis gas collector is connected with the inlet of the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device, the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator is simultaneously connected with the heat carrier inlet and the circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the bottom slag outlet is connected with the circulating fluidized bed boiler which is used for circularly combusting high-temperature semicoke after pyrolysis of the up-bed pyrolysis furnace and the mixture of the bottom slag outlet and solid products from the up-bed pyrolysis furnace.
Further, a heat exchanger is arranged in the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device and is used for realizing heat exchange between pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis products in the pyrolysis gas collector, so that the pyrolysis gas is preheated.
The working method of the combustion system of the upward bed coal pyrolysis co-production circulating fluidized bed boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the low-order pulverized coal is conveyed into an annular space region of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace from a pulverized coal inlet under the action of a bin pump, and the heat carrier semicoke is conveyed into the annular space region of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace from the bottom of the cyclone separator from the heat carrier inlet; the low-order pulverized coal and the heat carrier semicoke move downwards to the bottom of the diversion area along the annular gap area under the action of gravity; lifting gas enters the air chamber from the top of the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device through a lifting gas inlet and continuously enters the bottom of the diversion area along the air chamber through an air outlet on the air distribution plate; under the action of lifting gas, the low-order pulverized coal at the bottom of the flow guiding area and the heat carrier semicoke move upwards along the flow guiding area, and the mixing and heat exchange of the low-order pulverized coal and the heat carrier semicoke are completed, and the low-order pulverized coal after heat exchange undergoes pyrolysis reaction; the reacted pyrolysis products sequentially enter a turbulent flow coalescer, a high-temperature centrifuge and a cyclone separator through a diameter reduction section at the top of an uplink bed pyrolysis furnace to respectively finish dust agglomeration in the pyrolysis products, pre-centrifugal force generation of pyrolysis oil gas and separation process of pyrolysis oil gas and semicoke; the unreacted large-particle low-order pulverized coal is larger than the drag force of gas due to the gravity of the unreacted large-particle low-order pulverized coal, and returns to the flow guiding area and the annular space area inside the upper-bed pyrolysis furnace along the top of the upper-bed pyrolysis furnace, and is continuously mixed and heat-exchanged with the semicoke heat carrier;
The apparent velocity of the lifting gas inlet is regulated and controlled to be greater than the apparent velocity of the lifting gas of the annular space area, so that the pressure of the guiding area at the bottom of the guiding cylinder is ensured to be greater than the pressure of the annular space area, coal and heat carriers respectively from the coal powder inlet and the heat carrier inlet directionally flow in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace and form multiple circulation, namely flow downwards in the annular space area and move upwards in the guiding area, thereby improving the flowing environment of large-particle low-order coal powder and the heat carrier, ensuring uniform mixing and heat exchange of low-order coal powder particles and the heat carrier, effectively controlling the pyrolysis time of the low-order coal powder according to different target products, realizing effective control on the pyrolysis reaction depth and the reaction process of the low-order coal powder, improving the conversion rate and improving the yield of the target product;
Separating high-temperature semicoke generated by pyrolysis in an ascending bed pyrolysis furnace by a cyclone separator, and conveying the high-temperature semicoke to a heat carrier inlet through an outlet of the cyclone separator; pyrolysis products (pyrolysis oil gas, pyrolysis water and semicoke) in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace are separated by a cyclone separator and then enter a pyrolysis oil gas cooling device from the top of the cyclone separator; the pyrolysis water and the pyrolysis oil gas cooled by the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device are further conveyed to the pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device, the purifying and separating steps are sequentially completed in the pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device, and the separated pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis water and pyrolysis oil gas respectively enter a pyrolysis gas collector, a pyrolysis water collector and a pyrolysis tar collector; part of pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis gas collector is used as lifting gas, enters the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device from the pyrolysis gas collector, exchanges heat with pyrolysis products, and is finally conveyed to a lifting gas inlet;
The high-temperature semicoke separated by the cyclone separator is discharged from the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator, a part of the high-temperature semicoke is used as a heat carrier for supplying the heat of coal dust in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace to enter a heat carrier inlet, and the rest high-temperature semicoke, also called upgraded coal, is used as the raw material of the circulating fluidized bed boiler to enter the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace for combustion reaction; a small amount of heat carrier, solid products and the like in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace are discharged from a bottom slag outlet and enter a circulating fluidized bed boiler to perform combustion reaction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) The coal pyrolysis and combustion co-production process method improves the utilization energy efficiency of coal, greatly reduces the emission of pollutants, and has important significance for realizing the high-efficiency, clean and large-scale application of low-rank coal.
(2) In the pyrolysis process of the ascending bed, semicoke pyrolyzed in the process is used as a heat carrier, so that the heat of the semicoke is recovered, and the heat is provided for pyrolysis of pulverized coal.
(3) Through setting up the draft tube in going up bed pyrolysis oven for low order coal granule and heat carrier are directional to flow in the pyrolysis oven, and form many times circulation, effectively improved the flow environment of big granule low order buggy and heat carrier, guaranteed the even mixing, the heat transfer of big granule low order buggy and heat carrier, can effectively control the pyrolysis time of low order buggy according to the target product difference simultaneously, thereby realize the effective control to low order coal pyrolysis reaction degree of depth and reaction progress, improved the conversion rate, improved the target product yield.
(4) Semicoke and bottom slag obtained after pyrolysis of an uplink bed pyrolysis furnace are used as raw materials of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, so that the alkali metal content in the boiler when high alkali coal is directly burned is fundamentally reduced, the conditions of serious pollution, high-temperature corrosion and abrasion of a convection heating surface of the boiler caused by the action of alkali metal are reduced, the safety and heat exchange effect of the heating surface are ensured, and the output and efficiency of the boiler are improved.
(5) The system has the advantages of simple structural design, convenient operation, easy realization of mass production and strong adaptability to coal types, and can be suitable for non-caking coal, weak-caking coal and strong-caking coal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a coal powder bin 1, a bin pump 2, a coal powder inlet 3, an ascending bed pyrolysis furnace 4, a guide cylinder 5, a guide area 6, an annular space area 7, a lifting gas inlet 8, an air chamber 9, an air distribution plate 10, an air outlet 11, a bottom slag outlet 12, a heat carrier inlet 13, a turbulent coalescer 14, a high-temperature centrifuge 15, a cyclone separator 16, a pyrolysis oil gas cooling device 17, a pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device 18, a pyrolysis gas collector 19, a pyrolysis water collector 20, a pyrolysis tar collector 21 and a circulating fluidized bed boiler 22.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and not limited to the following examples.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, an upgoing bed coal pyrolysis co-production circulating fluidized bed boiler combustion system includes a pulverized coal bin 1, a bin pump 2, an upgoing bed pyrolysis furnace 4, a turbulent coalescer 14, a high temperature centrifuge 15, a cyclone separator 16, a pyrolysis oil gas cooling device 17, a pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device 18, a pyrolysis gas collector 19, a pyrolysis water collector 20, a pyrolysis tar collector 21, and a circulating fluidized bed boiler 22;
The upgoing bed pyrolysis furnace 4 is provided with a coal powder inlet 3, a heat carrier inlet 13, a guide cylinder 5, a guide area 6, an annular space area 7, a lifting gas inlet 8, an air chamber 9, an air distribution plate 10 and a bottom slag outlet 12; the coal dust inlet 3 and the heat carrier inlet 13 are positioned at two sides of the up-bed pyrolysis furnace 4; the guide cylinder 5 is positioned in the upper bed pyrolysis furnace 4, the guide area 6 is positioned in the guide cylinder 5, and the annular space area 7 is positioned between the guide cylinder 5 and the upper bed pyrolysis furnace 4; the guide cylinder 5 divides the up-bed pyrolysis furnace 4 into a guide area 6 and an annular space area 7, so that the mixing and heat exchange behaviors of the large-particle coal powder and the heat carrier are enhanced, the residence time of the large-particle coal powder in the down-bed pyrolysis furnace is prolonged, the large-particle coal powder is fully pyrolyzed, and the pyrolysis oil gas yield is improved; the air chamber 9 is positioned at the bottom of the uplink bed pyrolysis furnace 4, and provides an air pressure stabilizing area for lifting air before entering the air distribution plate 10, so that the air chamber is a place for dynamic and static pressure conversion, and is beneficial to air distribution uniformity; the lifting gas inlet 8 is positioned at the outer side of the air chamber 9; the air distribution plate 10 is positioned at the top of the air chamber 9 and below the guide cylinder 5; a plurality of air outlets 11 are arranged on the air distribution plate 10; the bottom slag outlet 12 vertically penetrates through the air distribution plate 10 and the air chamber 9, the top end of the bottom slag outlet 12 is flush with the top end of the air distribution plate 10, and the bottom end of the bottom slag outlet 12 is positioned below the air chamber 9;
The outlet of the pulverized coal bin 1 is connected with the inlet of the bin pump 2, the outlet of the bin pump 2 is connected with the pulverized coal inlet 3, and the bin pump 2 is used for conveying pulverized coal in the pulverized coal bin 1 into an annular gap area 7 of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace 4 through the pulverized coal inlet 3; the top outlet of the up-bed pyrolysis furnace 4 is connected with the inlet of the turbulent coalescer 14, the outlet of the turbulent coalescer 14 is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature centrifuge 15, the outlet of the high-temperature centrifuge 15 is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separator 16, the top outlet of the cyclone separator 16 is connected with the inlet of the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device 17, the outlet of the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device 17 is simultaneously connected with the inlet of the pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device 18 and the lifting gas inlet 8, the outlet of the pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device 18 is respectively connected with the pyrolysis gas collector 19, the pyrolysis water collector 20 and the pyrolysis tar collector 21, the outlet of the pyrolysis gas collector 19 is connected with the inlet of the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device 17, the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator 16 is simultaneously connected with the heat carrier inlet 13 and the circulating fluidized bed boiler 22, the bottom slag outlet 12 is connected with the circulating fluidized bed boiler 22, and the circulating fluidized bed boiler 22 is used for circularly combusting high-temperature semicoke after pyrolysis in the up-bed pyrolysis furnace 4 and the mixture of heat carrier and solid product from the bottom slag outlet 12 of the up-bed pyrolysis furnace 4.
The working method of the combustion system of the upward bed coal pyrolysis co-production circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises the following steps:
The low-order pulverized coal is conveyed into an annular space area 7 of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace 4 from a pulverized coal inlet 3 through a pulverized coal bin 1 under the action of a bin pump 2, and the heat carrier semicoke is conveyed into the annular space area 7 of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace 4 from the bottom of a cyclone separator 16 through a heat carrier inlet 13; the low-order pulverized coal and the heat carrier semicoke move downwards to the bottom of the diversion area 6 along the annular space area 7 under the action of gravity; lifting gas enters the air chamber 9 from the top of the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device 17 through the lifting gas inlet 8, and continuously enters the bottom of the diversion area 6 along the air chamber 9 through the air outlet 11 on the air distribution plate 10; under the action of lifting gas, the low-order pulverized coal at the bottom of the flow guiding area 6 and the heat carrier semicoke move upwards along the flow guiding area 6, and the mixing and heat exchange of the low-order pulverized coal and the heat carrier semicoke are completed, and the low-order pulverized coal after heat exchange undergoes pyrolysis reaction; the reacted pyrolysis products sequentially enter a turbulent flow coalescer 14, a high-temperature centrifuge 15 and a cyclone separator 16 through a diameter reduction section at the top of an uplink bed pyrolysis furnace 4 to respectively finish dust agglomeration in the pyrolysis products, pre-centrifugal force generation of pyrolysis oil gas and separation process of pyrolysis oil gas and semicoke; the unreacted large-particle low-order pulverized coal is larger than the drag force of gas due to the gravity of the pulverized coal, and returns to the inner diversion area 6 and the annular space area 7 along the top of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace 4, and is continuously mixed and heat-exchanged with the semicoke heat carrier;
The apparent velocity of the lifting gas inlet 8 is regulated and controlled to be larger than the apparent velocity of the lifting gas of the annular space area 7, so that the pressure of the lifting gas of the guiding area 6 at the bottom of the guiding cylinder 5 is ensured to be larger than the pressure of the annular space area 7, the coal and the heat carrier from the coal powder inlet 3 and the heat carrier inlet 13 respectively flow directionally in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace 4 and form multiple circulation, namely flow downwards in the annular space area 7 and move upwards in the guiding area 6, thereby improving the flowing environment of large-particle low-order coal powder and the heat carrier, ensuring uniform mixing and heat exchange of low-order coal particles and the heat carrier, effectively controlling the pyrolysis time of the low-order coal according to different target products, realizing effective control of the pyrolysis reaction depth and the reaction progress of the low-order coal, improving the conversion rate and improving the yield of the target product;
The high-temperature semicoke generated by pyrolysis in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace 4 is separated by a cyclone separator 16 and then is conveyed to a heat carrier inlet 13 through an outlet of the cyclone separator 16; pyrolysis products (pyrolysis oil gas, pyrolysis water and semicoke) in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace 4 are separated by the cyclone separator 16, and then enter a pyrolysis oil gas cooling device 17 from the top of the cyclone separator 16; a heat exchanger is arranged in the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device 17 and is used for realizing heat exchange between pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis gas collector 19, thereby playing a role in preheating the pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis water and the pyrolysis oil gas cooled by the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device 17 are further conveyed to the pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device 18, the purifying and separating steps are sequentially completed in the pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device, and the separated pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis water and pyrolysis oil gas respectively enter the pyrolysis gas collector 19, the pyrolysis water collector 20 and the pyrolysis tar collector 21; part of pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis gas collector 19 is used as lifting gas, enters the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device 17 from the pyrolysis gas collector 19, exchanges heat with pyrolysis products, and is finally conveyed to the lifting gas inlet 8;
The high-temperature semicoke separated by the cyclone separator 16 is discharged from the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator 16, a part of the high-temperature semicoke is used as a heat carrier for supplying the heat of coal dust in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace 4 to enter the heat carrier inlet 13, and the rest of the high-temperature semicoke, also called upgraded coal, is used as the raw material of the circulating fluidized bed boiler 22 to enter the circulating fluidized bed boiler for combustion reaction; a small amount of heat carrier, solid products and the like in the up-bed pyrolysis furnace 4 are discharged from the bottom slag outlet 12 and enter the circulating fluidized bed boiler 22 for combustion reaction.
What is not described in detail in this specification is all that is known to those skilled in the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is capable of modification and variation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The combustion system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler for the pyrolysis and co-production of the upbound coal is characterized by comprising a coal dust bin (1), a bin pump (2), an upbound pyrolysis furnace (4), a turbulence coalescer (14), a high-temperature centrifuge (15), a cyclone separator (16), a pyrolysis oil gas cooling device (17), a pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device (18), a pyrolysis gas collector (19), a pyrolysis water collector (20), a pyrolysis tar collector (21) and a circulating fluidized bed boiler (22);
The upgoing bed pyrolysis furnace (4) is provided with a coal dust inlet (3), a heat carrier inlet (13), a guide cylinder (5), a guide area (6), an annular space area (7), a lifting gas inlet (8), an air chamber (9), an air distribution plate (10) and a bottom slag outlet (12); the coal dust inlet (3) and the heat carrier inlet (13) are positioned at two sides of the up-bed pyrolysis furnace (4); the guide cylinder (5) is positioned in the upper bed pyrolysis furnace (4), the guide area (6) is positioned in the guide cylinder (5), and the annular space area (7) is positioned between the guide cylinder (5) and the upper bed pyrolysis furnace (4); the air chamber (9) is positioned at the bottom of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4), and the lifting air inlet (8) is positioned at the outer side of the air chamber (9); the air distribution plate (10) is positioned at the top of the air chamber (9) and below the guide cylinder (5); a plurality of air outlets (11) are formed in the air distribution plate (10); the bottom slag outlet (12) vertically penetrates through the air distribution plate (10) and the air chamber (9), the top end of the bottom slag outlet (12) is flush with the top end of the air distribution plate (10), and the bottom end of the bottom slag outlet (12) is positioned below the air chamber (9);
The outlet of the pulverized coal bin (1) is connected with the inlet of a bin pump (2), the outlet of the bin pump (2) is connected with a pulverized coal inlet (3), and the bin pump (2) is used for conveying pulverized coal in the pulverized coal bin (1) into an annular space region (7) of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4) through the pulverized coal inlet (3); the top outlet of the up-bed pyrolysis furnace (4) is connected with the inlet of a turbulent flow coalescer (14), the outlet of the turbulent flow coalescer (14) is connected with the inlet of a high-temperature centrifuge (15), the outlet of the high-temperature centrifuge (15) is connected with the inlet of a cyclone separator (16), the top outlet of the cyclone separator (16) is connected with the inlet of a pyrolysis oil gas cooling device (17), the outlet of the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device (17) is simultaneously connected with the inlet of a pyrolysis oil gas purification and separation device (18) and a lifting gas inlet (8), the outlet of the pyrolysis oil gas purification and separation device (18) is respectively connected with a pyrolysis gas collector (19), a pyrolysis water collector (20) and a pyrolysis tar collector (21), the outlet of the pyrolysis gas collector (19) is connected with the inlet of a pyrolysis oil gas cooling device (17), the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator (16) is simultaneously connected with a heat carrier inlet (13) and a circulating fluidized bed boiler (22), the bottom slag outlet (12) is connected with the circulating fluidized bed boiler (22) for circulating the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis solid from the pyrolysis carrier (4) and the high-temperature coke carrier (4) on the circulating bed; the top of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4) is provided with a diameter reducing section.
2. The combustion system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler for the pyrolysis co-production of the upgoing bed coal according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchanger is arranged in the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device (17) and is used for realizing heat exchange between pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis gas collector (19) and pyrolysis products.
3. A method for operating the combustion system of the circulating fluidized bed boiler for the pyrolysis co-production of the upbound coal as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
The low-order pulverized coal is conveyed into an annular space region (7) of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4) from a pulverized coal inlet (3) through a pulverized coal bin (1) under the action of a bin pump (2), and the heat carrier semicoke is conveyed into the annular space region (7) of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4) from the bottom of a cyclone separator (16) through a heat carrier inlet (13); the low-order pulverized coal and the heat carrier semicoke move downwards to the bottom of the flow guiding area (6) along the annular gap area (7) under the action of gravity; lifting gas enters an air chamber (9) from the top of the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device (17) through a lifting gas inlet (8), and continuously enters the bottom of the diversion area (6) along the air chamber (9) through an air outlet (11) on an air distribution plate (10); under the action of lifting gas, the low-order pulverized coal at the bottom of the flow guiding region (6) and the heat carrier semicoke move upwards along the flow guiding region (6), and the mixing and heat exchange of the low-order pulverized coal and the heat carrier semicoke are completed, and the low-order pulverized coal after heat exchange undergoes pyrolysis reaction; the reacted pyrolysis products sequentially enter a turbulent flow coalescer (14), a high-temperature centrifuge (15) and a cyclone separator (16) through a diameter reduction section at the top of an uplink bed pyrolysis furnace (4), and dust agglomeration in the pyrolysis products, pre-centrifugal force generated by pyrolysis oil gas and separation process of the pyrolysis oil gas and semicoke are respectively completed; the unreacted large-particle low-order pulverized coal is larger than the drag force of gas due to the gravity of the pulverized coal, and returns to the inner diversion area (6) and the annular space area (7) along the top of the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4), and is continuously mixed and exchanges heat with the semicoke heat carrier;
The apparent velocity of the lifting gas of the guide area (6) is larger than the apparent velocity of the lifting gas of the annular gap area (7) by regulating and controlling the lifting gas amount of the lifting gas inlet (8), so that the pressure of the guide area (6) at the bottom of the guide cylinder (5) is larger than the pressure of the annular gap area (7), the coal and the heat carrier from the coal dust inlet (3) and the heat carrier inlet (13) respectively flow directionally in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4) and form multiple circulation, namely flow downwards in the annular gap area (7) and move upwards in the guide area (6), thereby improving the flowing environment of large-particle low-order coal dust and the heat carrier, ensuring uniform mixing and heat exchange of the large-particle low-order coal dust and the heat carrier, simultaneously effectively controlling the pyrolysis time of the low-order coal dust according to different target products, realizing effective control of the pyrolysis reaction depth and the reaction progress of the low-order coal dust, improving the conversion rate and improving the yield of the target product;
The high-temperature semicoke generated by pyrolysis in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4) is separated by a cyclone separator (16), and then is conveyed to a heat carrier inlet (13) through an outlet of the cyclone separator (16); pyrolysis products in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4) are separated by a cyclone separator (16), and enter a pyrolysis oil gas cooling device (17) from the top of the cyclone separator (16); the pyrolysis water and pyrolysis oil gas cooled by the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device (17) are further conveyed to the pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device (18), the purifying and separating steps are sequentially completed in the pyrolysis oil gas purifying and separating device, and the separated pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis water and pyrolysis oil gas respectively enter a pyrolysis gas collector (19), a pyrolysis water collector (20) and a pyrolysis tar collector (21); part of pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis gas collector (19) is used as lifting gas, and enters the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device (17) from the pyrolysis gas collector (19), exchanges heat with pyrolysis products in the pyrolysis oil gas cooling device, and is finally conveyed to the lifting gas inlet (8);
The high-temperature semicoke separated by the cyclone separator (16) is discharged from the bottom outlet of the cyclone separator (16), a part of the high-temperature semicoke is used as a heat carrier for supplying the heat of coal dust in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4) to enter a heat carrier inlet (13), and the rest of the high-temperature semicoke, namely upgraded coal, is used as the raw material of the circulating fluidized bed boiler (22) to enter the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace for combustion reaction; a small amount of heat carrier and solid products in the ascending bed pyrolysis furnace (4) are discharged from the bottom slag outlet (12) and enter the circulating fluidized bed boiler (22) for combustion reaction.
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