CN111441045B - Electron beam deposition spray head and method - Google Patents
Electron beam deposition spray head and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111441045B CN111441045B CN202010469811.1A CN202010469811A CN111441045B CN 111441045 B CN111441045 B CN 111441045B CN 202010469811 A CN202010469811 A CN 202010469811A CN 111441045 B CN111441045 B CN 111441045B
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000897 Babbitt (metal) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001754 anti-pyretic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electron beam deposition spray head and a method, comprising a spray nozzle and a high-pressure gas heater, wherein a heating cavity is arranged in the high-pressure gas heater, a high-pressure gas interface communicated with the heating cavity is arranged on the high-pressure gas heater, and an electron beam device connection port is arranged at the upper end of the high-pressure gas heater; the nozzle is conical, the nozzle is hollow structure, the tip of nozzle is equipped with the electron beam hole that supplies the electron beam to pass through, the big end of nozzle is connected with the lower extreme of high-pressure gas heater, a plurality of valve pulling pipes have evenly been laid along its circumference to the inside symmetry of nozzle, valve pulling pipe extends to the tip of nozzle from the big terminal surface of nozzle, valve pulling pipe is from the big terminal surface of nozzle to the tip direction including the shrink section that communicates in proper order, the laryngeal inlet and the expansion section of tip, the entry of valve pulling pipe shrink section communicates with the heating chamber of high-pressure gas heater, be equipped with the powder pipeline that send with the laryngeal intercommunication at the position of laryngeal on the nozzle. The invention can realize the coupling of the electron beam and the powder beam in one structure and ensure the quality of the coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electron beam deposition, and particularly relates to an electron beam deposition spray head and a method for high-efficiency operation of a composite electron beam device.
Background
The electron beam deposition technology is to synchronously introduce electron beams into a coating deposition process, heat and soften spray particles, a base material or both simultaneously by using the electron beams, deposit the spray particles and the base material on the surface of a base material to form a coating containing metallurgical bonding and mechanical bonding, or be used for a 3D printing technology to directly carry out entity printing on a three-dimensional model.
At present, in the process of realizing the electron beam deposition technology, the electron beam and the spray gun are generally adopted to carry out external coupling to achieve the effect of electron beam deposition, one is that an electron beam device is perpendicular to a substrate, the spray gun is used for feeding powder in the lateral direction, the other is that the spray gun is perpendicular to the substrate, the electron beam is used for inputting high-density energy in the lateral direction, two different modes are combined on the external structures of two devices, the number of the devices involved is large, the device is not compact enough, and meanwhile, the contact space between the electron beam and the powder is small.
In the existing operation of external coupling, the quality of the coating is difficult to ensure, defects such as air holes, inclusions and cracks can occur, the porosity is high, the heat affected zone is wide, the dilution rate is high, the bonding with a base material is unstable, a large number of cracks perpendicular to the growth direction of the coating can occur at a bonding interface, and the problems of low powder utilization rate, low deposition efficiency and the like are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an electron beam deposition spray head and a method, which can realize coupling of electron beams and powder beams in one structure and ensure the quality of a coating.
The high-pressure gas heater is cylindrical, a heating cavity is arranged in the high-pressure gas heater, a high-pressure gas interface communicated with the heating cavity is arranged on the high-pressure gas heater, and an electron beam device connecting port capable of being connected with an electron beam device is arranged at the upper end of the high-pressure gas heater; the nozzle is conical, the nozzle is hollow structure, the tip of nozzle is equipped with the electron beam hole that supplies the electron beam to pass through, the big end of nozzle is connected with the lower extreme of high-pressure gas heater, a plurality of valve pulling pipes have evenly been laid along its circumference to the inside symmetry of nozzle, valve pulling pipe extends to the tip of nozzle from the big terminal surface of nozzle, valve pulling pipe is from the big terminal surface of nozzle to the tip direction including the shrink section that communicates in proper order, the laryngeal inlet and the expansion section of tip, the entry of valve pulling pipe shrink section communicates with the heating chamber of high-pressure gas heater, be equipped with the powder pipeline that send with the laryngeal intercommunication at the position of laryngeal on the nozzle.
Preferably, the axes of the exits of the diverging sections of all the pull valve tubes intersect at a point.
Preferably, the included angle between the axis of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipe and the axis of the powder feeding pipeline is an acute angle.
Preferably, the contraction section and the expansion section are both round-table-shaped inner holes, the diameter of the small end of the contraction section is 1-10-mm, the length of the contraction section is 3-50mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the contraction section and the central shaft of the valve pulling pipe is 5-15 degrees; the throat is circular or elliptic and the like, and the diameter of the throat is 1-10mm; the diameter of the outlet of the expansion section is 1-10mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the expansion section and the central shaft of the valve pulling pipe is 5-15 degrees.
Preferably, the small end face of the nozzle is a concave conical face.
Preferably, the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas heater is provided with a heating element, and the wall surface of the heating cavity of the high-pressure gas heater is provided with an insulating layer.
An electron beam deposition method comprising the steps of:
connecting the electron beam deposition spray head with an electron beam device;
starting an electron beam, wherein the electron beam passes through the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas heater and the inner cavity of the nozzle, and reaches a designated area of the surface of the matrix material after passing out of an electron beam hole on the nozzle;
high-pressure air is introduced from a high-pressure air interface on the high-pressure air heater to a heating cavity in the high-pressure air heater, the high-pressure air enters a valve pulling pipe from the heating cavity, flows out from the small end face of a nozzle after being accelerated by the valve pulling pipe, starts to heat the high-pressure air after the high-pressure air pressure is stable, and after the high-pressure air is heated to a preset temperature, powder is conveyed to a throat of the valve pulling pipe through a powder conveying pipeline, the powder is in contact with the high-pressure air at the throat, the high-pressure air carries the heated and accelerated powder to be sprayed out from an expansion section of the valve pulling pipe, and an electron beam penetrating out from an electron beam hole deposits the powder sprayed out from the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe on a specified area on the surface of a matrix material.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the electron beam deposition spray head, a plurality of valve pulling pipes are arranged in the spray nozzle, the valve pulling pipes comprise a contraction section, a throat and an expansion section which are sequentially communicated from the big end face to the small end face of the spray nozzle, a powder feeding pipeline communicated with the throat is arranged at the position of the throat on the spray nozzle, powder can be accelerated by high-pressure gas by utilizing the valve pulling pipes and the powder feeding pipeline, and a heating cavity is arranged in the high-pressure gas heater, so that the high-pressure gas is heated, the high-pressure gas is expanded, the pressure is continuous and stable, high-speed guarantee is provided for the powder, and meanwhile, the heated powder can form a coating with good quality when contacting with an electron beam through the heated high-pressure high-speed gas, the residual stress in the spray nozzle is reduced, and the bonding strength with a matrix material is enhanced. The high-pressure gas heater is in a cylindrical shape, the nozzle is in a hollow structure, the small end of the nozzle is provided with the electron beam hole for passing the electron beam, the high-pressure gas heater and the nozzle in the structure can provide a channel for the electron beam, and the valve pulling pipe extends from the large end face of the nozzle to the small end face of the nozzle, so that powder can directly contact the electron beam and move in the approximately same direction after coming out of the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe, the contact distance between the electron beam and the powder beam and the contact angle (approaching to a right angle) between the electron beam and a matrix material can be increased, the softening deposition of the powder is facilitated, the defects such as air holes, inclusions and cracks can be avoided to a large extent, the coating quality is improved, and the electronic book deposition nozzle realizes the coupling of the electron beam and the powder beam in one structure and can ensure the coating quality. The structural design of the invention is innovative, provides structural design support for electron beam deposition, reduces the number of equipment and equipment space required by realizing electron beam deposition, ensures that the whole structure accords with strict technical principles, is compact in design, and improves the operation efficiency in the processing and manufacturing processes.
Further, the contraction section and the expansion section are both round-table-shaped inner holes, the diameter of the small end of the contraction section is 1-10-mm, the length of the contraction section is 3-50mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the contraction section and the central shaft of the valve pulling pipe is 5-15 degrees; the throat is round or elliptical, and the diameter of the throat is 1-10mm; the diameter of the outlet of the expansion section is 1-10mm, the included angle between the inner wall of the expansion section and the central shaft of the valve pulling pipe is 5-15 degrees, the parameters of the valve pulling pipe are optimized parameters, the high-speed running of powder can be ensured, if the parameters are not in the range, the speed of the powder cannot be ensured, and the uniformity of powder outlet cannot be ensured.
Furthermore, the small end face of the nozzle is a concave conical surface, so that the electron beam is more beneficial to contact with the powder as soon as possible, the effect of gathering energy is achieved, the temperature reduction is reduced, and the deposition quality is improved.
The electron beam deposition nozzle can be directly operated during deposition, so that the electron beam and the spray gun are prevented from being externally coupled for deposition in the prior art, meanwhile, the powder has good softening degree, is easy to combine with a matrix material to form a coating, and the contact angles of the powder, the electron beam and the surface of the matrix material are good, so that the powder quantity capable of acting with the electron beam is greatly increased, and the utilization rate of the powder is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an electron beam deposition head according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the electron beam deposition head of the present invention with the cap removed;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the electron beam deposition showerhead of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a detailed view of a pull valve tube of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-electron beam device connector, a 2-heat insulation layer, a 3-high-pressure gas interface, a 4-heating element, a 5-pull valve pipe 6-, a powder feeding pipeline, a 7-nozzle inner hole, an 8-temperature sensing pipe, a 9-precision temperature sensing pipe, a 10 wiring port, an 11-throat port, a 12-heating element interface, a 13-nozzle, a 14-high-pressure gas heater and a 15-electron beam hole.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the above recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, 3 and 4, the electron beam deposition spray head of the present invention includes a nozzle 13 and a high pressure gas heater 14, the high pressure gas heater 14 is cylindrical, a heating cavity is provided in the high pressure gas heater 14, a high pressure gas interface 3 communicating with the heating cavity is provided on the high pressure gas heater 14, and an electron beam device connection port 1 capable of connecting with an electron beam device is provided at the upper end of the high pressure gas heater 14; the nozzle 13 is a conical nozzle, the nozzle 13 is of a hollow structure, an electron beam hole 15 for passing electron beams is formed in the small end of the nozzle 13, the large end of the nozzle 13 is connected with the lower end of the high-pressure gas heater 14, a plurality of valve pulling pipes 5 are uniformly and symmetrically distributed in the nozzle 13 along the circumferential direction of the nozzle 13, the valve pulling pipes 5 extend from the large end face of the nozzle 13 to the small end face of the nozzle 13, the valve pulling pipes 5 comprise a contraction section, a throat 11 and an expansion section which are sequentially communicated, the contraction section, the throat 11 and the expansion section are coaxial, the inlet of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipes 5 is communicated with a heating cavity of the high-pressure gas heater 14, and a powder conveying pipeline 6 communicated with the throat 11 is arranged at the position of the throat 11 on the nozzle 13.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the axes of the exits of the diverging sections of all the pull valve tubes 5 intersect at a point.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 4, the included angle between the axis of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipe 5 and the axis of the powder feeding pipe 6 is an acute angle.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, referring to FIG. 4, the contraction section and the expansion section are both circular truncated cone-shaped inner holes, the diameter of the small end of the contraction section is 1-10mm, the length of the contraction section is 3-50mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the contraction section and the central shaft of the valve pulling tube 5 is 5-15 degrees; the throat 11 is circular or elliptic and the like, and the diameter of the throat 11 is 1-10mm; the diameter of the outlet of the expansion section is 1-10mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the expansion section and the central shaft of the valve pulling tube 5 is 5-15 degrees.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 4, the small end surface of the nozzle 13 is a concave conical surface.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas heater 14 is provided with a heating element 4, and the wall surface of the heating cavity of the high-pressure gas heater 14 is provided with a heat-insulating layer 2.
The electron beam deposition method of the invention comprises the following steps:
connecting the electron beam deposition spray head with an electron beam device;
starting an electron beam, wherein the electron beam passes through the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas heater 14 and the inner cavity of the nozzle 13, and reaches a designated area of the surface of the matrix material after passing out of an electron beam hole 15 on the nozzle 13;
high-pressure air is introduced from a high-pressure air interface 3 on a high-pressure air heater 14 to a heating cavity in the high-pressure air heater 14, the high-pressure air enters a valve pulling pipe 5 from the heating cavity, flows out from the small end face of a nozzle 13 after being accelerated by the valve pulling pipe 5, and starts to heat the high-pressure air after the high-pressure air is stabilized, when the high-pressure air is heated to a preset temperature, powder is conveyed to a throat 11 of the valve pulling pipe 5 through a powder conveying pipeline 6, the powder is in contact with the high-pressure air at the throat 11, the high-pressure air carries the heated and accelerated powder to be sprayed out from an expansion section of the valve pulling pipe 5, and an electron beam penetrating out from an electron beam hole 15 deposits the powder sprayed out from the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe 5 on a specified area on the surface of a matrix material.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the electron beam deposition head of the present embodiment includes an electron beam device connection port 1 for connection with an electron beam device, through which an electron beam can pass from an inner hole reserved in the middle, to be coupled with a lower powder beam, for electron beam deposition.
The heat preservation ring 2 is arranged on the inner wall of the heating cavity and is used for preserving heat generated by the heating element 4, because the gas introduced by the high-pressure gas interface 3 is high-pressure gas, the gas flow speed is high, the heat dissipation is serious, the heat preservation is needed to be carried out on the heating element part, the heat loss is reduced, and the pressure of the heated high-pressure gas is increased and enters the valve pulling pipe 5 arranged at the bottom; the heating element 4 is a key to accelerate the powder, the gas expands under high temperature environment, the gas pressure increases instantaneously and is accelerated by the structure of the valve pulling tube 5, and the powder reaches the accelerated effect at the position of the outlet of the valve pulling tube 5 (i.e. the outlet of the expansion section). The heating element 4 adopts an electric heating metal tube type spiral structure, and the gas in the heating cavity is heated by generating strong turbulence heat exchange with the metal tube; the metal cylinder is formed by welding pressure-bearing metal plates, carrier gas enters the metal cylinder through a high-pressure gas interface, passes through the upper part of the tubular heating element and then enters the gas supply channel of the spray head from the bottom, and finally is converged with powder in the channel of the spray head; the spiral pipeline of the heating element is filled with the metal shell through the insulating brick and the ceramic fiber insulating layer. The spiral pipeline antipyretic element is of a high-temperature-resistant metal pipe structure, and high-temperature-resistant alloy, constantan or manganese steel is selected; the resistivity of the spiral pipeline metal needs to be 0.8Ω.m, high temperature resistant alloy is adopted when the heating temperature is above 600 ℃, the spiral metal pipe of the heating element needs to be formed once and can not be formed twice, and the length is 2 to 9 meters; the thickness of the pipe wall is uniform and consistent, and is ensured to be between 1.2 and 2.0 millimeters; the metal tube of the heating element is required to be processed into a spiral tube, the radius of the spiral tube is smaller than 8cm, the angle can be freely formed, the corresponding distance of the tube is controlled between 3mm and 30mm, and the tube cannot be mechanically damaged when the spiral tube is processed; the heat-insulating ring is arranged around the heating element, and can be made of glass wool products, a vitamin heat-insulating blanket, heat-insulating foam glass and polyurethane, and the heat conduction coefficient of the heat-insulating ring is low; the pressure resistance of the metal material needs to be good, and stainless steel is generally selected; the power connection wire of the heating element is generally made of common stainless steel or is made of the same material as the heating element; the power supply of the heating element uses an inverter power supply, and the power is required to be not less than 5kw due to the need of instantaneous heating; the pressure loss in the heating system is required to be less than 0.2Mpa at the heating element location.
The wiring port 10 is located on the arc ring of the outer cylinder of the high-pressure gas heater 14, in order to ensure tightness of the inside (namely, the heating cavity) of the high-pressure gas heater 14, the wiring port needs to be arranged on the arc ring of the outer wall of the high-pressure gas heater 14, the outer wall of the high-pressure gas heater 14 is prevented from overheating, the line is damaged, the heating element interface 12 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylinder of the high-pressure gas heater 14, the replaceability of the heating element 4 is required, the heating element 4 needs to be inserted on the heating element interface 12 to work, the precise temperature sensing tube 9 is arranged in the heating cavity, the instantaneous temperature in the heating cavity can be accurately sensed, the temperature is sent out in the form of a signal, an operator can conveniently adjust the temperature in the heating cavity, the temperature sensing tube 8 is arranged in the heating cavity, the temperature sensing tube 8 senses only one temperature point, when the temperature reaches the set limit alarm temperature, the temperature sensing tube 8 senses the signal emitted by the heating element 8, the heating element interface 12 immediately stops immediately, the heating element 4 immediately stops heating, the high temperature at the high position of the heating element interface 3 is used as the normal pressure, the temperature in the heating cavity is taken away, the high-pressure air in the heating cavity is cooled down, and the high-pressure air in the heating cavity is immediately cooled down. A plurality of pairs of thermocouples can be welded at the positions which are uniformly spaced on the spiral pipeline heating element and used for monitoring the temperature of the pipe wall and preventing pipe cracking accidents caused by overheating of the metal shell, double guarantee is provided for safety, a temperature sensing pipe is arranged at the position of a wiring port at the lower part of the heating system, and when the temperature is higher than the limit temperature, the temperature sensing pipe can send an alarm command to the controller.
The valve pulling pipe 5 is arranged in the nozzle of the spray head, the valve pulling pipe 5 mainly comprises three parts, the first part is the front half section of the valve pulling pipe 5 and is called a contraction section, gas can generate pressure higher than high-pressure gas in the contraction section, the second part is the throat 11 which is a key part for accelerating powder, meanwhile, the throat 11 is the optimal part for powder feeding, the lower end of the throat 11 is an expansion section, the third part is the expansion section, the gas can accelerate in the lower end of the throat 11, the throat 11 can generate a negative pressure area at the moment, the negative pressure area is positioned at the tail end of the powder feeding pipeline 6, the heated gas meets the powder in the throat 11, the powder is heated and softened, enters the expansion section together with the accelerated high-pressure gas, and is accelerated, so that the three powder beams are sprayed out of the outlet part together and interact with electron beams to form electron beam deposition. The minimum diameter of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipe 5 is 1-10mm, the minimum length of the contraction section is 3-50mm, and the minimum included angle between the annular inner wall of the contraction section and the central shaft of the valve pulling pipe 5 is 5-15 degrees; the diameter of the throat 11 is between 1 and 10mm, and the throat 11 is circular or elliptic arc; the minimum diameter of the outlet of the expansion section is between 1 and 10mm, and the minimum included angle between the inner wall of the expansion section and the central shaft of the valve pulling pipe 5 is between 5 and 15 degrees.
The nozzle 13 and the housing of the high-pressure gas heater 14 are made of light alloy materials with good heat conductivity.
Example 2
Selecting No. 45 steel as a base material, selecting alcohol or acetone to clean the surface of the base material, selecting alcohol as a cleaning agent when the base material is small, placing the base material in a beaker to carry out ultrasonic cleaning, selecting Al2O3 with the average grain diameter of 35 mu m as a spraying material after cleaning, removing dirt and oxide skin on the surface of No. 45 steel by a sand blasting process in advance, taking Q285 powder as a raw material of a coating, starting an electron beam, enabling the electron beam to reach a designated area on the surface of the base material through an inner hole 7 of a spray nozzle, enabling a high-pressure air interface 3 to be connected with high-pressure air, adjusting the high-pressure air to the designated air, enabling a wire connection opening 10 to be connected with a power supply, enabling a heating element 4 to start heating the air after a heating element interface 12 is electrified, enabling a precise temperature sensing tube 9 to start detecting the temperature, ensuring that the temperature sensing tube 8 is in an alarm-free state, enabling the powder to reach the position of a throat 11, enabling the powder to be contacted with the heated high-pressure air to carry the heated and accelerated powder at the moment to be sprayed out from an expansion section of the valve pulling tube 5, enabling the powder sprayed out of the three valve pulling tubes 5 to act on the designated area on the base material according to the designated area, enabling movement control and controlling movement of the spray nozzle to be controlled according to a designated instruction. The moving speed of the electron beam deposition spray head is 100mm/s, the air pressure connected with the high-pressure air interface 3 is 1Mpa, the detection temperature of the precise temperature sensing tube 9 is 400 ℃, the distance between the electron beam deposition spray head and the surface of the substrate material is 20mm, the diameter of a spraying area formed by the electron beam deposition spray head is 4mm, and the thickness of a coating is 0.5mm.
Example 3:
selecting T7 steel as a base material, selecting alcohol or acetone to clean the surface of the base material, selecting alcohol as a cleaning agent when the base material is small, placing the base material in a beaker to carry out ultrasonic cleaning, selecting Q258 alloy with the average grain diameter of 35 mu m as a spraying material after cleaning is finished, removing dirt and oxide skin on the surface of the T7 steel by a sand blasting process in advance, taking 45 steel powder as a raw material of a coating, starting an electron beam, enabling the electron beam to reach a designated area on the surface of the base material through an inner hole 7 of a spray nozzle, starting high-pressure air connection 3 to be connected with high-pressure air, adjusting the high-pressure air to the designated air pressure, starting a power supply through a wire connection 10, starting a heating element connection 12 to be electrified, starting heating the air by a heating element 4, starting to detect the temperature by a precise temperature sensing tube 9, ensuring that the temperature sensing tube 8 is in an alarm-free state, starting to be connected with powder by a powder feeding pipeline 6 to the position of a throat 11, contacting the heated high-pressure air, carrying the heated and accelerated powder at the moment from an expansion section of the valve pulling tube 5, enabling the powder sprayed by the three valve pulling tubes 5 to act on the designated area of the base material, starting a movement control system according to a specified movement control command. The moving speed of the electron beam deposition spray head is 50mm/s, the air pressure connected with the high-pressure air interface 3 is 5Mpa, the detection temperature of the precise temperature sensing tube 9 is 600 ℃, the distance between the electron beam deposition spray head and the surface of the substrate material is 30mm, the diameter of a spraying area formed by the electron beam deposition spray head is 8mm, and the thickness of a coating is 1mm.
Example 4
The hydraulic cylinder piston rod is designed through three-dimensional model software, three-dimensional segmentation software is used for segmenting the hydraulic cylinder piston rod, the thickness of each layer is 0.1mm, 150 layers are required to be sprayed altogether, the final thickness is 10.5mm, 1Cr13 steel is selected as a base material, alcohol or acetone is selected to clean the surface of the base material, Q285BZ alloy with the average grain diameter of 35 mu m is selected as a spraying material, dirt and oxide skin on the surface of 1Cr13 steel are removed in advance through a sand blasting process, Q235 powder is used as raw materials of a coating, an electron beam is started, the electron beam reaches a designated area on the surface of the base material through an inner hole 7 of a spray head, a high-pressure air interface 3 is started to be connected with high-pressure air, the designated air pressure is adjusted, a wiring port 10 is started to be connected with a power supply, after a heating element interface 12 is electrified, a heating element 4 is started to heat air, a precise temperature sensing tube 9 starts to detect temperature, after the temperature reaches a designated range, the temperature sensing tube 8 is ensured to be in an unarmed state, the powder feeding tube 6 starts to be connected with powder, the powder reaches a throat 11, the heated high-pressure air is contacted with the heated, the heated high-pressure air, the high-pressure air carries heated and accelerated powder is sprayed from the expanding section of the valve tube 5, the three valve tubes 5 are started to move along with the heated high-pressure air, the heated air and the heated high-pressure air, the high pressure air is in a control system and the control system is started to move according to the designated and the designated power control system, and the power is controlled to move on the designated area and control system and the designated and the power is controlled to move on the power and the base material and the power station and the power station and the heated. The moving speed of the electron beam deposition spray head is 10mm/s, the air pressure connected with the high-pressure air interface 3 is 0.5Mpa, the detection temperature of the precise temperature sensing tube 9 is 200 ℃, the distance between the electron beam deposition spray head and the surface of the base material is 10mm, the diameter of a spraying area formed by the electron beam deposition spray head is 6mm, and the thickness of a coating is 0.1mm.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. The present invention is intended to include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The electron beam deposition spray head is characterized by comprising a spray nozzle (13) and a high-pressure gas heater (14), wherein the high-pressure gas heater (14) is cylindrical, a heating cavity is formed in the high-pressure gas heater (14), a high-pressure gas interface (3) communicated with the heating cavity is arranged on the high-pressure gas heater (14), and an electron beam device connecting port (1) capable of being connected with an electron beam device is formed in the upper end of the high-pressure gas heater (14); the nozzle (13) is a conical nozzle, the nozzle (13) is of a hollow structure, an electron beam hole (15) for passing electron beams is formed in the small end of the nozzle (13), the large end of the nozzle (13) is connected with the lower end of the high-pressure gas heater (14), a plurality of valve pulling pipes (5) are uniformly and symmetrically distributed in the nozzle (13) along the circumferential direction of the nozzle, the valve pulling pipes (5) extend from the large end face of the nozzle (13) to the small end face of the nozzle (13), the valve pulling pipes (5) comprise a contraction section, a throat (11) and an expansion section which are sequentially communicated from the large end face of the nozzle (13), the inlet of the contraction section of the valve pulling pipes (5) is communicated with the heating cavity of the high-pressure gas heater (14), and a powder conveying pipeline (6) communicated with the throat (11) is arranged on the nozzle (13) at the position of the throat (11);
the axes of the outlets of the expansion sections of all the valve pulling pipes (5) are intersected at one point;
the small end face of the nozzle (13) is a concave conical surface;
the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas heater (14) is provided with a heating element (4), and the wall surface of the heating cavity of the high-pressure gas heater (14) is provided with a heat preservation layer (2).
2. An electron beam deposition nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the axis of the convergent section of the pull valve tube (5) and the axis of the powder feed pipe (6) is acute.
3. The electron beam deposition nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the contraction section and the expansion section are both round-table-shaped inner holes, the diameter of the small end of the contraction section is 1-10mm, the length of the contraction section is 3-50mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the contraction section and the central shaft of the valve pulling tube (5) is 5-15 degrees; the throat (11) is round or elliptic, and the diameter of the throat (11) is 1-10mm; the diameter of the outlet of the expansion section is 1-10mm, and the included angle between the inner wall of the expansion section and the central shaft of the valve pulling pipe (5) is 5-15 degrees.
4. An electron beam deposition method, comprising the steps of:
connecting the electron beam deposition head of any of claims 1-3 to an electron beam device;
starting an electron beam, wherein the electron beam passes through the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas heater (14) and the inner cavity of the nozzle (13), and passes through an electron beam hole (15) on the nozzle (13) and reaches a designated area of the surface of the matrix material;
high-pressure air is introduced from a high-pressure air interface (3) on a high-pressure air heater (14) to a heating cavity in the high-pressure air heater (14), the high-pressure air enters a valve pulling pipe (5) from the heating cavity, flows out of the small end face of a nozzle (13) after being accelerated by the valve pulling pipe (5), and starts to heat the high-pressure air after the high-pressure air pressure is stabilized, after the high-pressure air is heated to a preset temperature, powder is conveyed to a throat (11) of the valve pulling pipe (5) through a powder conveying pipeline (6), the powder is in contact with the high-pressure air at the throat (11), the high-pressure air carries the heated and accelerated powder to be sprayed out of an expansion section of the valve pulling pipe (5), and an electron beam penetrating out of an electron beam hole (15) deposits the powder sprayed out of the expansion section of the valve pulling pipe (5) on a specified area on the surface of a matrix material.
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