CN111436388B - Method and device for protecting fish resources in water transfer engineering - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for protecting fish resources in water transfer engineering, which comprises the following steps: separating the fish resource into a fish resource blocking population and a fish resource returning population at the water intake by using the head end repelling and blocking device, so that the fish resource blocking population is retained in a water source at the upstream of the water intake, and the fish resource returning population is spread to a water delivery channel at the downstream of the water intake; calculating the farthest propagation distance of the fish resource in the water delivery channel from the fertilized egg to the minimum barrier body type according to the minimum barrier body type of the fish resource which can be intercepted; at the position or downstream of the farthest propagation distance from the head end repelling and blocking device, the tail end repelling and blocking device is used for preventing the fish resource returning colony from propagating downstream; and driving the fish resource back to the water source to return the population to the water source by using the movable driving and intercepting device. Can effectively intercept fish resources and prevent the loss of the fish resources.

Description

Method and device for protecting fish resources in water transfer project

technical field

The invention relates to a method and a device for protecting fish resources in a water diversion project.

Background technique

Biological invasion refers to the process in which organisms invade another new environment from the original habitat through natural or man-made channels, causing economic losses or ecological disasters to the biodiversity, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production and human health in the invaded area. With the development of economy and society, biological invasion has become a global concern. The primary condition for a species to become an invasive species is its good adaptability to its environment, and its external manifestation is that in a certain area, the ratio of the number of individuals of this species to the total number of individuals of the same species continues to increase, and eventually becomes an advantage. species, and even altered the species composition of the region. The main strategies adopted by different aquatic invasive species to achieve this process are different. For example, the main strategy adopted by Asian carp is to expand the number of individuals through its strong reproductive ability. The specific components mainly include, (1) its own It has strong reproductive ability, and under suitable environmental conditions, the reproduction speed is relatively fast; (2) in all stages of its entire life history, there is a lack of organisms that can effectively limit the continuous growth of its individual number; (3) through feeding Competition or direct predation of competing organisms (not only the predation of their adults, but also of fertilized eggs, larvae or juveniles), limiting or reducing the individual number of competing organisms, and ultimately manifested as the predation of Asian carp. The number of individuals continues to expand steadily, and under the cumulative effect of time, it eventually becomes an invasive organism that has attracted widespread attention in society. Different from the strategy of Asian carp becoming an invasive species, another strategy is to continuously reduce the number of individuals of other species through its strong predation ability, so as to continuously increase the ratio of its own individual number to the total number of similar organisms. Generally, The specific components of this strategy organism mainly include: (1) stable existence ability, the reproductive ability of this type of organism may be general, but its physiological lifespan is usually long, and the number of individuals can continue to exist stably in a certain space; (2) in a certain space; At each stage of its entire life history, there is a lack of organisms that can effectively limit it; (3) it has a strong predation ability and a large amount of prey, and its predation rate for other species is greater than the reproduction rate of other species itself. Under the effect of time accumulation, the number of individuals of other species will continue to decrease. The representative organisms of this strategy are mainly some species at the top of the food chain, such as the alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula).

In addition, my country has a vast territory and uneven distribution of water resources in time and space. Redistribution of water resources in different regions through water diversion projects will play an important role in the current and future period of time, which is important for social stability, economic development, and ecological environment improvement. It is important in many aspects. When the water transfer project realizes the redistribution of water resources across regions, it also breaks the geographical isolation of waters in different regions. In the process of water resource transfer, some invasive organisms will also be transported to the water transfer area and objectively become the spread of invasive organisms. Fast-track dispersal, or the loss of fish stocks from the water source along the aqueduct.

In addition, in environments such as aquaculture farms, sometimes a natural ecological environment is not required. For example, in order to breed certain economic species, it is necessary to remove wild fish and aquatic animals that endanger economic species in natural water bodies. Or purse seine fishing and other methods, but there are problems such as incomplete removal and large collateral damage.

In the prior art, in order to prevent aquatic organisms, especially to prevent the invasion of aquatic animals, there are roughly three main methods:

1. Physical precautions to prevent fish from spreading and spreading through water transfer projects include: net interception, grid interception, sound wave expulsion, ultraviolet light irradiation, etc.

2. Traditional fishing operations, for example, patent document CN104855353A discloses a system for catching Asian carp, using acousto-optic generators to stimulate Asian carp in the water, make it jump out of the water, and cooperate with the movement of the floating fish bed to make the Asian carp fall naturally. onto the floating fish bed to catch.

3. Chemical prevention, for example, the patent document CN103039535 A discloses a method for killing the snail, which uses the plant Wetrichia trilobata as a medicine to poison the snail.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Technical problem to be solved by the present invention

Although various technologies for preventing and controlling invasive alien organisms have been proposed in the prior art, according to the actual application effect of the existing measures, the effect of preventing and controlling the cross-regional spread of species is not very satisfactory. The reasons may be as follows: the elements of:

In the case of applying net interception (including simple net interception and grid interception, etc.), it is effective for larger fish, but may not be effective for smaller fish or fish larvae and eggs ( The specific effect mainly depends on the selected mesh size, but if the mesh is too small, it will affect the passage of water delivery).

In the case of the application of modern fish repelling technologies such as sound waves, due to the strong active swimming ability of adult fish, the use of biological instinct to seek benefits and avoid harm has a good preventive effect, but for fish eggs or in the floating stage (active swimming ability Weak or no) larvae and juveniles or small floating fishes that are smaller and more affected by water currents, because their migration mainly depends on the flow of water bodies, so there is little success.

In the case of using ultraviolet light to kill eggs, it is affected by various factors such as the content of suspended solids in the water body, the depth of the water body, the action time of ultraviolet light, and the natural reduction of ultraviolet light in the water body. Extinction is not ideal.

In the case of applying chemical drugs, on the one hand, the drug will not only poison the target organism, but also may poison other organisms in the same ecosystem, causing other species to suffer poisoning, on the other hand, the drug may also remain in the ecosystem, Cause long-term drug poisoning of other species, and the drug may also penetrate and flow with the water body, causing damage to the adjacent or downstream environment. Therefore, there are difficulties in targeted prevention and control, and there is a risk of damaging the ecosystem and causing large residual damage.

In view of the spread of aquatic animals or the loss of fish resources in water transfer projects, it is difficult to take into account the two aspects of water delivery efficiency and prevention of the spread of aquatic animals at the same time.

The present invention is made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a method and device for protecting fish resources in a water diversion project, which can effectively prevent the loss of fish resources.

technical means for solving technical problems

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

(1) a method for protecting fish resources in a water transfer project, characterized in that,

Include the following steps:

At the water intake of the water transfer project, the head-end driving and blocking device is used to separate the fish resources as the protection object into the fish resource blocking group and the fish resource returning group, so that the fish resources blocking group is kept in the ratio of the fish resources. In the upstream water source of the water intake, and the fish resource return group is spread to the water channel on the downstream side than the water intake;

According to the minimum barrier body size that can be intercepted by the fish resource, calculate the farthest propagation distance of the fish resource in the water conveyance channel from the development of the fertilized egg to the minimum barrier body size;

at a location or downstream of the furthest travel distance from the head-end drive-away arresting device, preventing downstream propagation of the fish stock return population with an end-end drive-away arresting device; and

The fish stock return population is driven back to the water source by the movable drive-away intercepting device from the position of the distal drive-off intercepting device or a position on the upstream side thereof toward the water source.

(2) a device for protecting fish resources in a water transfer project, characterized in that,

include:

The head-end driving and blocking device, which is arranged at the water intake of the water transfer project, is used to separate the fish resources as the protection object into the fish resources blocking group and the fish resource returning group, so that the fish resources blocking group is retained in the water source upstream of the water intake, and the fish stock return population is propagated to the water delivery channel downstream of the water intake;

The terminal drive away blocking device, which is arranged in the water delivery channel from the head end drive away blocking device so that the fish resource develops from the fertilized egg to the smallest blocking body shape that can be blocked by the terminal drive away blocking device. the location or downstream of the furthest travel distance in said water channel for preventing downstream spread of said fish stock blocking population; and

A movable drive-away interception device including a moving platform and a drive-away unit, and the drive-away unit is used to move toward the destination by the moving platform from a position at the end of the end drive-away stop device or a position on the upstream side thereof. The water source drives the fish stock return population back to the water source.

Invention effect

According to the method and device for protecting fish resources in a water transfer project of the present invention, the fish resources can be intercepted effectively and the loss of the fish resources can be prevented.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating the method of the present invention for directional control of the population of aquatic animals and their spread.

FIG. 2 shows an example of determining the best aggregated spatiotemporal unit for clearing a defense object according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows an example of determining the best aggregated spatiotemporal unit for clearing a defense object according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows an example of determining the best aggregated spatiotemporal unit for clearing a defense object according to the present invention.

(a), (b), and (c) of FIG. 5 show an example of the method for determining the optimal aggregated spatiotemporal unit of the defense object in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an example of the directional clearing device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an example of the directional clearing device of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an example of the cage of the present invention.

Figure 9 shows a schematic view of the device of the present invention directed to prevent the spread of aquatic animals.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the device for protecting fish resources in the water transfer project of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention in any way. scope.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the method for directional control of the number of aquatic animal groups and their spread of the present invention includes the following steps:

Step S101, determining the time, space, and group characteristics at which the aquatic animals that are the object of prevention are relatively aggregated in a specific area;

Step S102, formulate a clearing plan according to the characteristics of the group; and

Step S103, implementing the clearing scheme according to the time and space.

Hereinafter, specific embodiments of each step of the above method will be specifically described.

1. Determine the relative aggregation and optimal aggregation space-time unit of the defense object

The environment in the water body is intricate and diverse, which is also the material basis for the ecological diversity of aquatic organisms (animals). According to the basic ecological principles of "survival of the fittest" and "seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages", each species chooses the most suitable space for their own survival and development in a rich ecological environment, and grows and develops with the changes of the space environment and their own growth and development. As needs change, each species adapts to its own survival needs. The changes of the spatial environment often have certain periodic laws, such as diurnal changes and annual changes. Under such regularly changing environmental conditions and in the long adaptive evolution process, each species has formed its own inherent ecological habits.

Taking biological reproduction as an example, in the long-term natural evolution process, each fish has formed its own unique reproduction strategy (reproduction characteristics), that is, the species' hermaphroditic system, reproduction method, reproduction time and place, and parental protection. A series of characteristics exhibited by juveniles during reproduction. Taking the reproduction time as an example, it is related to the reproduction cycle of a specific fish species. Through the synchronous response of the endogenous reproduction cycle and exogenous environmental cues (such as temperature, photoperiod and water flow, etc.) Start spawning. Taking breeding places as an example, in the water body, all places suitable for oviparous fish to spawn and can attract reproductive groups to come and reproduce during the reproductive season are called spawning grounds. The spawning ground of a specific fish generally has the environmental conditions required for the spawning of the fish. The spawning grounds and spawning conditions required by fish are generally consistent with the reproductive type of the species, the characteristics of the eggs, and the conditions required for the development of larvae and newly hatched larvae. The above-mentioned conditions include, but are not limited to, the best living water temperature, the best spawning area and time (related to its reproductive type, the characteristics of the eggs, and the conditions required for the development of larvae and newly hatched larvae), food habits, and life history. Whether there is migratory migration, etc. Different species, their optimal breeding time, breeding area (spawning ground) and breeding rhythm are usually difficult to be completely consistent, this is due to the optimal breeding water temperature required by each species, breeding stimulation conditions, physical habitat type, spawning Due to the differences in various factors such as the type, the most suitable opening bait for newly hatched larvae, even if the breeding season and breeding location of some species may overlap, they are also different in specific time periods (refer to Guozhong Guo's research results and introduction in "Early Resources of Yangtze River Fish"). According to their own physiological and ecological characteristics, each species selects the best space suitable for its own survival by relying on water flow (reflected in the early life history of species development, especially the floating egg species) or its own active swimming ability. Therefore, the objects to be prevented will be relatively aggregated in specific areas. If the objects are blocked or removed according to the group characteristics of the objects to be prevented during the relative aggregation stage, the goal can be achieved with higher efficiency and lower cost.

Further, the same species of fish at different developmental stages maintains a certain independence in morphology, ecology and physiology, as well as in the way of contact with the external environment, and this independence between different species and different ecological types of fish, its performance. The form is very different. Therefore, it can be considered that different species, different ecological types and different developmental stages of the same species of fish often have certain differences in their ecological niches. Different ecological types, different species of fish, and even different populations of the same species of fish have their own reproductive strategies, that is, the spawning location, spawning time, and spawning rhythm are different. They are in the same developmental stage, and it is usually difficult to appear in the exact same space-time dimension.

From the perspective of biodiversity conservation, in order to remove an ecologically threatening species in water with low risk and low cost, it is necessary to fully understand the life history and ecological habits of the species in the specific area. Knowing which stage or stages in their life history, the existing space has obvious characteristics, that is, in a specific stage in the life history, the object of protection will have a relatively concentrated phenomenon in a definable environmental habitat, and its relationship with At least one of the time or space in which the relative concentration of other species occurs is different, or it is achieved by artificial aids. In such a specific time and space interval, effective blocking means or clearing control measures are adopted according to the group characteristics of the specific developmental stage of the species, and under the cumulative effect of time, directional blocking or clearing control of the species can be achieved, while reducing the impact on the species. Purpose of damage in other species. In order to reduce the difficulty of practical operation, the other species mentioned above can be appropriately narrowed in scope, for example, limited to species that are not easy to recover after being cleared or nationally protected species. The so-called group characteristics here include the developmental body shape, mobility, concentration location, and irritability of external factors.

Taking spawning fish as an example, its life history probably needs to go through the process of breeding parent - fertilized egg - newly hatched larvae - juvenile - juvenile - adult fish - breeding parent. The physiological and ecological habits formed by species in the long-term evolution process have caused them to have a tendency to some suitable environmental conditions and avoid unsuitable environmental conditions. The suitable requirements of species for any environmental factor are usually a At the same time, the tolerance to unsuitable environmental factors and specific environmental requirements may be quite different at different growth and development stages of the species. Therefore, the entire life history of a single individual is objectively a spatiotemporal curve. The life history of a population formed by a collection of species is objectively similar to a multi-dimensional space-time channel. The number of dimensions of the channel depends on the objective environment in which the species is located, the number of environmental factors that have a significant impact on the distribution of the species, and the inner diameter of the channel. It depends on the range of values that environmental factors in each dimension are suitable for or tolerated by the species and the projection in the objective space. The purpose of investigating the life history, physiology and ecology of the species and finally using data analysis means is to obtain the multi-dimensional space-time channel of the species in a specific area or water system, and to obtain the objective space of the minimum segment of the multi-dimensional space-time channel of the species. A segment generally corresponds to a specific growth and development stage in the life history of the species, showing the optimal environmental selection of the species in the water environment at this developmental stage, and its spatial projection in the water. Study these objective space minimum sections one by one, and analyze whether they overlap with other species in multi-dimensional space-time channels, the specific circumstances of the overlap, and the species attributes that overlap (whether it is a protected species, whether it is widely distributed, whether it is cleared or not? It is easy to recover), and whether the overlap between the two can be reduced or eliminated by means of artificial aids, and other factors can be comprehensively analyzed, and finally one or several space-time zones that have good performance in both removal efficiency and collateral damage are selected. A segment is the optimal aggregate space-time unit.

In the present invention, the optimal aggregated spatiotemporal unit refers to that certain developmental stages (corresponding to an obvious time interval) in the life history of the object are relatively aggregated in a specific environmental space, and are not related to other species in the area (in a narrow sense, only Refers to protected species or species that are not easy to restore) relative aggregation phenomenon occurs in at least one of the time or space is different (or achieve this purpose by artificial means), in this case, according to the population characteristics of the specific developmental stage of the prevention object By adopting appropriate removal techniques, and under the effect of time accumulation, the goal of directional removal of a species while reducing the collateral damage to other organisms can be achieved. As a further step, based on this optimal aggregated space-time unit, more specific control objectives can be implemented for the prevention objects, that is, according to the removal efficiency of the adopted removal technology, from the removal efficiency of the target organisms and the incidental effects of other species in the area. Seek the best balance between the two aspects of damage, and finally determine a reasonable time, space interval and removal efficiency, and under the cumulative effect of time, effectively achieve the control goal of the prevention object. This control goal can be roughly divided into three categories: slowing down the growth rate , that is, the size of the population continues to expand, and the overall growth rate of the population is greater than the rate of removal; to control the existing scale, that is, the size of the population is basically stable, and the overall growth rate of the population is basically the same as the rate of removal. The control of species with strong competitive advantages; continuous reduction of population size, that is, the population size continues to decrease, and the overall growth rate of the population is less than the removal rate. This type of control target is generally applicable to the removal of invasive organisms. Through the directional control of one or more species in the regional ecosystem, the purpose of controlling biological invasion, the health level of regional biodiversity and the health level of the regional ecosystem is finally achieved.

The advantages of deriving the best set of spatiotemporal units for prevention objects are obvious. (1) Blocking or clearing in densely concentrated areas is conducive to improving blocking or clearing efficiency and is targeted; (2) It reduces the impact of clearing work on other species. (3) Under the action of time, the effective reduction of multiple generations of the population of the prevention object will play a very obvious role in prevention and control. As a negative case, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River has effectively blocked the spawning and migration channels of Chinese sturgeon breeding broodstock, resulting in aggravated and attenuated population size. Now it is necessary to maintain the population through proliferation and release.

The following will specifically describe how to determine the relative aggregation and optimal aggregation space-time unit of the defense object.

[Basic ecological research and prevention object determination]

Carry out basic ecological research on the protected basin, water system or water body (referred to as "area" in the following), the basic tasks of the research are mainly: the spatial and temporal environmental characteristics and annual changes in the area, the species composition and species analysis in the area .

The environmental characteristics investigation in the basic ecological investigation mainly includes four aspects: water environmental chemistry, physical habitat, surrounding land use and climatic environmental factors. In Table 1 below, some environmental characteristics are taken as examples for description. The actual environmental characteristics investigation is not limited to the contents described in Table 1, and can be increased or decreased according to the actual situation.

[Table 1]

Investigate and count the species in the area, and then classify the species in the area from the perspective of biodiversity protection, and then divide them into prevention objects, general species and protected species.

The object of prevention is generally invasive alien species, that is, non-native, alien species that have competitive pressures on other local species, or some special local species (whose population size is too large, which will bring survival pressure to other species, affect biodiversity and Ecosystem structure is stable). In terms of operation methods, we can refer to the method in the reference paper "Alien Fish Invasion Risk Assessment System and Method" (Dou Yin et al., Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment), and mainly based on the environment and species in the region, the alien species in the The risk of forming intrusions in protected areas is assessed.

General species refer to native species that are widely distributed in other regions, and are easy to recover after the population structure is damaged, including artificial recovery and natural recovery.

Protected species refer to species that belong to the national protection list, or that have a relatively small distribution range, are not easily restored after being damaged, or have other specific definitions that need to be avoided according to specific circumstances.

For the prevention objects confirmed after species analysis, investigate the harmless organisms and their habitat needs and ecological habits in the protected area or water system, especially the protected species, so as to judge the ecological threat of these prevention objects, and finally, the threat High species are identified as specific prevention objects. In addition, if the existing data and information have clearly provided information that an alien species has formed an invasive species in the protected area or water system and is seriously endangered, there is no need to conduct risk assessment, and the alien species can be directly targeted for prevention.

[Special investigation and analysis of the object of prevention]

After the prevention objects are determined, special investigations are carried out on the prevention objects. The core tasks are: the relative aggregation of the prevention objects, the optimal collection space-time unit and the necessary purification technical means, the characteristics of the collection group of the prevention objects in the optimal collection space-time unit and effective removal Control methods, existing distribution areas and proliferation trends of the objects to be prevented, and technical means of preventing the objects from spreading.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the survey contents that need to be completed include: the life history of the guarded object; the niche requirements (thresholds of key environmental elements), duration, activity mode and activity capacity, living water layer and Circadian activity patterns and dominant factors, as well as spatiotemporal distribution and population aggregation in the region (i.e. research on multi-dimensional spatiotemporal channels); calculate its potential distribution in the region according to its niche requirements at various stages, and combine its existing distribution Determine its invasion situation and spreading trend in the area; the overlap between the multi-dimensional space-time channel of this species and other species (protected species); if necessary, study and construct the separation of the protected objects and protected species in the overlapping section. Artificial aids (e.g., separation by mesh filtration based on body size differences, differences in response to acoustics or optics, tolerance to water velocity or depth, selective differences in physical habitat, use of dissolved oxygen in water Tolerance, etc., using a variety of different means such as the difference in circadian activity patterns, and making the optimal selection combination); according to the control objectives of the prevention object, determine the collection of specific time and space intervals and the efficiency of removal techniques ; Choose appropriate driving, interception and removal technology to prevent the continued spread of the object.

The method for obtaining the best spatiotemporal unit: by comparing and analyzing the time periods and niche requirements of the developmental stages in the life history of the prevention objects and other organisms (especially protected species), the elimination or restriction prevention objects are screened out. The best ensemble space-time unit. The specific method is based on the life history of the object to be prevented. For example, for spawning fish, in the order of fertilized eggs - larvae - juveniles - juveniles - adult fish - broodstock, one generation is The research object is to study the niche requirements, temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and population aggregation of each developmental stage of the entire life cycle, and finally form the invasive species' growth and development in the region. The overlap of growth and development spatiotemporal curves of other species (especially protected species) in the area, and the best set spatiotemporal unit of the protection object is obtained according to the basic meaning of the best set spatiotemporal unit mentioned above.

Species generally have limited ability to adapt to the external environment at the stage of poor resistance to stress, and have higher requirements for the space environment, and are prone to aggregation in specific environments. It has a wide range of activities and is not prone to aggregation. For fish, aggregation is likely to occur in the stages of spawning broodstock, newly hatched larvae, early stages of life history, feeding and tendency to external conditions. According to the characteristics of the prevention object aggregation group in the optimal space-time unit, targeted removal and control technical means are adopted. For the specific removal technical means, please refer to the relevant content of the subsequent embodiments.

The ecological survey of prevention objects is carried out in the form of a combination of literature research and field research. In the field investigation, the different developmental stages of their life history are taken as specific research objects. Preferably, through annual investigations, the life history of the species, the response of the species to temporal and spatial changes during each growth and development process, and the environmental impact can be grasped. Suitability and tolerance range, diurnal and annual activity patterns. Although part of the above information on aquatic animals can be obtained by conducting non-annual surveys, the results may be inaccurate due to the inability to cover the full cycle. In the annual survey, for aquatic animals whose life cycle does not exceed one year, the above information in their entire life cycle can be grasped within the anniversary, and only a part of the above information in their life cycle can be obtained. For aquatic animals with a life cycle of more than one year, the survey objects of different age groups of the aquatic animals were investigated separately, and then the survey results of each age group were combined to obtain the above information in their entire life cycle. For example, for aquatic animals with a life cycle of five years, the aquatic animals of one year, two years, three years, four years, and five years of age were investigated within one anniversary, and then these different ages were summarized. survey results of aquatic animals. In this way, even if the survey is not conducted over many years but only within one anniversary, the above-mentioned information of the entire life cycle of the aquatic animal can be fully grasped, and at the same time, the survey can be avoided for too long. In addition, for aquatic animals with a life cycle of more than one year, the survey method is not limited to the above-mentioned survey methods, and the survey can also be conducted by tracking the entire life cycle of the aquatic animal. In this case, although the survey time is long, the continuity of the data and the Higher accuracy, higher reliability with fewer samples.

In terms of specific research techniques, species ecological research can be carried out in the following ways. Method 1: Set up an underwater camera to collect underwater video, and use software or manual methods to analyze the underwater video to obtain the results of habitat environment selection for each species. Method 2: Sampling according to the physical habitat, select a particularly typical single habitat, and surround the single habitat with a seine net, and conduct sampling and statistics within the scope of the single habitat, so as to obtain the habitat environment selection results of each species. Method 3: For multiple habitats, conduct acupoint sampling by means of non-disturbing methods, and obtain the results of habitat environment selection for each species through statistical analysis of multiple sampling results. In terms of time and frequency, continuous sampling should be carried out evenly in different periods of the year, and attention should be paid to the variation of species distribution in time and space during the day and night in each sampling, and the species survey and environmental survey should be carried out in coordination. The purpose of the above methods is to The continuous natural distribution and changes of species under non-disturbance conditions are obtained, which is also the basis for the accuracy of subsequent measures such as species distribution prediction (invasion situation analysis) and removal plan formulation.

According to the actual needs, the response of certain developmental stages of the species to external physicochemical conditions and the threshold of the response are studied. The purpose of this operation is to manually intervene and increase the time and space of the two when there is an overlap between the protected object and the protected species. Separation provides the data base. The threshold analysis method can refer to the paper "Prediction of the Status and Potential Status of Fish Species and Communities in the Liaohe River Basin", author Zhang Hao. Here, the so-called threshold refers to the value of the key environmental factor when a species produces a significant response, and may include at least one of an upper threshold and a lower threshold. For example, the protection object can adapt to environmental factors such as water temperature and dissolved oxygen within a certain range, that is, there are upper and lower thresholds. In addition, for example, the protection object will be driven away when the high-frequency sound wave exceeds a certain frequency, and at this time, the threshold value is only an upper threshold value.

The source habitat and reservoir habitat analysis of the object of prevention in the region. The so-called source habitat is the best area for species survival, in which the birth rate of species is greater than the mortality rate, while the sink habitat is not the best survival area for species, and the mortality rate of its species is greater than the birth rate. The existence of species in this area depends on Continued dispersal replenishment of source habitat species. This step helps to better select the best ensemble space-time unit. Under the same conditions, the source habitat should be preferentially selected as the interception or clearance space for the prevention object. However, it is not limited to this, and other reasons may also be considered. Targets in reservoir habitats are used as precautionary targets. For example, although the protected object is in the state of reservoir habitat in the area, it is beneficial to intercept or remove and reduce the collateral damage to the protected species due to its high concentration or low temporal and spatial overlap with other protected species , interception or removal measures may also be implemented in the above-mentioned reservoir habitats. Thus, on the one hand, the number of invasive species is reduced, and on the other hand, the invasive species is effectively inhibited from spreading into the water body of the source habitat and continues to expand the population.

For the prediction of the potential invasion distribution of the prevention objects, the specific method can refer to the paper "Research on the Status and Potential Status Prediction of Fish Species and Communities in the Liaohe River Basin", author Zhang Hao. Scientific prediction of the potential distribution of the object of prevention in specific waters or water systems is very necessary to prevent the effective control of its spread. Corresponding technical means can be used in a targeted manner to block or reduce its ability to continue spreading and spreading. . The specific method is to set up a "blocking and clearing section" on the connecting channel between the existing distribution area and the potential distribution area of the prevention object, that is, using the biological instinct of the prevention object to seek benefits and avoid harm, and adopt modern fish repelling techniques (such as sonic fish repelling). To prevent the object of prevention from approaching and passing, it is also possible to prevent the object of prevention from passing through by setting up nets on the cross section of the water body - this is the technical means of "blocking"; for the object of prevention during the breeding period, because of the size of the early life history group of the offspring Small, the general mesh cannot be effectively intercepted (considering the passage of water, the mesh cannot be infinitely small), its movement mode mainly relies on the flow of water to spread and spread, the ability to avoid autonomously is not strong, and modern fish repelling technology cannot achieve the expected purpose, namely When the technical means of "resistance" cannot fully achieve the technical purpose, for groups that are mainly floating and migrated, it is necessary to adopt technical means of removal to limit their continued spread - this is the technical means of "clearing". The specific operation steps are as follows:

Determine the existing distribution area of the protection object, and use the drive-away interception technology to isolate the existing distribution area of the protection object from the undistributed area (potential distribution area) on a suitable water channel;

Based on the purpose of non-proliferation, the following concepts and related calculation methods are proposed: determine the minimum blocking body shape that can effectively intercept the object of prevention according to the used expulsion and interception technology, and the group with this body size and above is called the interception group;

Determine the object of prevention from the initial fertilized eggs (floating eggs are counted from the initial fertilized eggs, while sticky eggs or sinking eggs are counted from the newly hatched larvae after membrane rupture) to the smallest size that can be effectively intercepted by the used drive-away interception technology. development time, this time period is referred to as the minimum interception development time of this species, and the objects in this stage are collectively referred to as the scavenging population of this species;

According to the maximum flow velocity (V) and the minimum interception development time (T) of the water body and the maximum autonomous swimming distance (ΔS) of the intercepted group during this time, the standard interception distance (S) of the clearing group is determined, that is, S=V*T +ΔS. Downstream of this standard interception distance, a minimum body size blocking zone is set, that is, downstream of the furthest propagation distance in the propagation direction during the development of the protected object from the fertilized egg to the smallest blocking body size, preferably Downstream near the farthest propagation distance. In this way, it can be ensured that the guarded objects in the minimum body size blocking area can be intercepted. For scavenging groups, there are two basic ways to prevent the spread of the swarm, one is the blocking method, and the other is the scavenging and killing method. The implementation process of the blocking method is that at least two sets of fixed driving and intercepting devices are used to drive away and intercept the intercepting group, and the distance between the two sets of driving and intercepting devices is greater than or equal to the standard interception distance (S) of the object to be guarded against, It is also called the "interception area". In order to achieve the purpose of intercepting the clearing group step by step, several fixed driving and intercepting devices can be added in the above-mentioned intercepting area. The mobile expulsion and interception device starts to advance in the opposite direction of the spread of the prevention objects from the end of the interception interval. During the implementation process, attention should be paid to reasonably grasp the suspension and operation of the fixed drive away interception device. Generally, when the movable drive away interception device is a certain distance from the front end of the fixed drive away interception device, the fixed drive away interception device will stop running for the interception group. Pass, [run away, turn off first, then drive away] When the movable drive away interception device arrives or just passes the fixed drive away interception device, the fixed drive away interception device will start running again, and finally reach all groups of guarded objects. To drive away the purpose of interception. The realization method of scavenging and killing is to select appropriate scavenging technical means according to the scavenging group. The objects that can be removed by scavenging technical means include at least the above-mentioned prevention objects below the minimum size (removal groups), and can also include some prevention objects above the minimum size. , Combined with the removal efficiency of the removal technology, determine the number of repetitions and the distance interval. Generally, a drive away interception device is installed before each removal technology. The interval occupied by the drive away interception device and the removal technology is called "blocking". The distance between "clearing interval" and "blocking clearing interval" is not necessarily equal to the standard diffusion distance, and it needs to be determined according to the clearing effect of the used clearing technology. Standard diffusion distance, in the case of normal blocking or clearing effect, the blocking and clearing interval distance may be equal to or much larger than its standard diffusion distance. In order to ensure the completeness of the interception group removal, a certain margin should be added on the basis of the required clearance interval distance. The above two basic methods can be used in combination. For example, from the minimum body size blocking area, the mobile fish repelling device is used to drive the protected object to move upstream in the propagation direction, and at the same time, from the upstream of the longest propagation distance, the mobile fish repelling device is used to drive the defense object. Drive away, so that the objects to be protected are relatively concentrated due to the drive away. In areas where the relative concentration occurs, at least one of removal devices, such as electric fish machines, purse seines, gill nets, etc., is used to hunt and kill the object of protection.

It should be pointed out that in actual application, the technical means of "blocking" or "clearing" or a combination of the two should be decided according to actual needs. In the process of "interval", care should be taken to avoid the habitat of protected species and prevent the formation of interception and removal of other organisms. For example, two ultrasonic waves in opposite operating states can be used to drive away the interception device, which is separated from each other in the planned section to achieve the "resistance". The purpose of dispersing other species in the "clearing interval", and then completing the subsequent work of deploying clearing devices.

2. Purification of the optimal ensemble spatiotemporal units

The purpose of the optimal aggregate spatiotemporal unit purification is to further improve the specificity of the removal of the prevention object and further reduce the collateral damage to the non-target organisms. When purifying the optimal ensemble space-time unit, the main factors to be considered are hydrology (water depth, water flow velocity), living water layer, physical habitat, identification of overlapping environmental factors, and the respective applicable scopes of common influencing factors. Exclude common ranges.

Physical habitats in natural environments are sometimes single, sometimes diverse. Each species has the most suitable range and tolerance range for environmental conditions (i.e. source habitat and sink habitat). Under the condition that there are multiple choices for the space environment, and the species’ instinct to seek benefits and avoid harm, species tend to choose the best Environmental conditions, when the space environment does not have the selection conditions, the species can only passively accept the tolerance environment. In order to improve the pertinence of removal and reduce damage to other species (protected species or species that are not easy to restore), it is necessary to purify the optimal aggregated space-time unit, that is, according to the optimal niche requirements of the target organism, in the case of suitable space area , to improve the physical habitat to increase the attractiveness of the target organisms, in addition, according to the niche needs of other organisms (or only limited to protected species or species that are not easy to restore), add or improve around the optimal ensemble space-time unit. Corresponding physical habitats to increase the attraction to other organisms so that other species are stripped from the optimally bound spatiotemporal unit. In terms of structural relationship, the physical habitat with the greatest difference from the physical habitat of the water body in the best aggregated space-time unit is connected to it, so as to reduce the spread of target organisms to other habitats. In the purification of the optimal aggregated space-time unit, if the natural conditions cannot be satisfied, it can be done by artificial means. The water pump adjusts the water flow within a certain range.

For the early life history of aquatic invasive animals or small invasive animals that are mainly floating, the purification of the above-mentioned optimal ensemble space-time unit is mainly carried out according to the biological "profit-seeking" instinct, or it can also be based on the biological ability to "avoid harm" to external environmental pressure Purification of optimal spatiotemporal units, or simultaneous implementation from both "profit-seeking" and "harm-avoiding" aspects. Now take the difference in the ability of "harm avoidance" as an example to illustrate. Under uncomfortable conditions, fish (including other aquatic animals) have different response abilities at different developmental stages. , sticky or sinking eggs are relatively static); although newly hatched larvae have initial mobility, their swimming speed and duration are far behind those of fish in non-early life history stages; fish in non-early life history stages In the face of unfavorable environmental conditions, it can quickly roam to avoid it. According to this rule, if any element in the time and space of the early life stage of the prevention object is different from the time or space of the early life of other organisms (in a narrow sense, it can only refer to the protected species), artificial interference technology can be used. (e.g. sonication) to separate it from other species for the purpose of purifying the best aggregated spatiotemporal unit. It should be added that if the escape ability of micro-small fish under the pressure of environmental disturbance also has a large gap compared with the escape of other species in the area (in a narrow sense, it can only refer to protected species), this separation is also applicable. purification method. For the specific device and implementation method of this process, please refer to Example 12 and Example 13 for specific introduction by taking Gambusia affinis as an example with relatively weak active swimming ability.

For aquatic invasive animals with active swimming ability, the relative aggregated spatiotemporal or optimal aggregated spatiotemporal unit can be obtained by the following methods. Compared with native species, invasive animals generally have stronger competitive advantages in adaptability and tolerance to the environment, and their distribution usually depends on the influence of food distribution after they have the ability to swim actively. When the food of aquatic invasive animals is widely distributed in the area, for the aquatic invasive animals in the growth and fattening stage, it is generally difficult to find the best collective space-time unit of the biological group in this growth and development stage. In view of this, a technical method for artificial aggregation of groups at this stage is proposed. The basic process is as follows: First, first, the adaptation or tolerance of the protection object to one or some environmental factors is compared with the tolerance of other species in the area (in the narrow sense, only protected species or species that are not easy to recover) are selected. Compared with the environmental indicators with significant advantages (such as tolerance difference to dissolved oxygen in water, tolerance difference to water temperature, tolerance difference to water salinity, etc.), and select or artificially create a suitable prevention object according to the above advantages and differences The range of free movement but other species have obvious escape; second, as an added technical element, adding some species that have obvious attraction to target organisms but are attractive to other species (in a narrow sense, only protected species or species that are not easy to recover) are added in the above Artificial means without attraction in the interval environment (for example: sound waves that attract target organisms or artificial bait or natural bait that can effectively attract target organisms to eat, etc.) to increase the attraction to target organisms; third, based on this On the other hand, the mobile fish repelling equipment that has a driving effect on the object of prevention is used to drive and gather the creatures as the object of prevention in a certain area to the above-mentioned interval, so as to realize the gathering of the target creatures. The mobile fish repelling equipment has a mobile platform and generates sound waves. , light waves, bubble curtains, etc. Here, in order to avoid damage to the protected species, the protected objects in the spawning period should be avoided when driving; It is a protected species or a species that is not easy to recover) to effectively escape from the above-mentioned interval environment, and if necessary, artificial technical means that attract the target organisms can be added to prolong their stay time; Fifth, confirm the prevention objects and non- The existence of the target creature in the above-mentioned interval, whether the concentration of the object of prevention and the escape of the non-target creature have been achieved; sixth, after the concentration of the object of prevention and the escape of the non-target creature have been achieved, the target creature in the interval has been For effective containment, the available technical methods include reactivating mobile fish repelling equipment or using nets (such as seine nets, gill nets) to contain, or dividing the water body and cutting off the exchange capacity of the water body; seventh, effective against target organisms Removal and removal methods can be effective killing methods such as electric fishing machine shock killing, purse seine or gill net capture, or relying on natural water evaporation or artificial methods to change the physical and chemical conditions of the water body, beyond the tolerance of the object to be protected, to achieve clearing and killing. the goal of. If necessary, a blocking device is used to reduce or completely block the water exchange capacity between the optimal aggregated space-time unit and the external water body. The technical method is described in detail by taking Nile tilapia as an example, see Example 14 for details.

3. Develop an overall management and control implementation plan

In this process, it is to determine how to implement the above-mentioned content, including the determination of the existing distribution and the prediction of the potential distribution of the prevention objects, and to determine the specific implementation content and implementation method of the "blocking and clearing section"; The special investigation results of the investigation and prevention objects and the specific management and control goals of the prevention objects, and finally determine the time and space interval of the best collection of space-time units of the prevention objects, its purification method, and the blocking and clearing methods and blocking and clearing efficiency of the target group, and finally form The overall management and control implementation plan for the prevention object. What needs to be added is that in the case of large space for the continuous distribution area of the prevention objects, artificial isolation methods (such as blocking nets, sound waves, bubble curtains, etc.) can be considered to divide the large area into several small areas to reduce its population information exchange ability. and reproduction rate, and eventually individual smashes. It is also possible to set up multiple intercepting devices (such as blocking nets, sound waves, bubble curtains, etc.) on the periphery of the specific area where the object of protection is located, and each intercepting device is separated by a predetermined distance. By setting up multiple intercepting devices, it is ensured that the body size of the object to be protected reaching the outermost intercepting device grows larger than the mesh, or grows to be able to avoid sound waves, bubble curtains, etc., thereby achieving reliable interception. In intercepting aquatic animals, it is generally more difficult to intercept their floating fertilized eggs, while for the hatched groups, with the increase of body size and the enhancement of active swimming ability, the difficulty of interception is gradually reduced. Therefore, in the removal plan for In the case of the above-mentioned prevention objects above the predetermined size for removal, the concept of non-proliferation interception based on the purpose of removal and related calculation methods are proposed: determine the minimum size that can be removed according to the removal technology (which can be a combination of multiple technical means), and calculate its initial size. Fertilized eggs (floating eggs are counted from the initial fertilized eggs, while sticky or sinking eggs are counted from the newly hatched larvae after membrane rupture) to develop to the smallest size that can be removed (t), according to the flow speed of the water body. (v) and its autonomous swimming distance (Δs) within this time, and finally obtain the interception distance s=v*t+Δs to clear the minimum body size; then, calculate the maximum passing body size for interception. Specifically, first determine the prevention The minimum breeding size of the object (the lower limit of the parent body size when the next generation can be reproduced), when preventing the object from reaching the removal device, it should be ensured that its size is smaller than the minimum breeding size. The maximum size is used to further determine the effective interception technical means and the distance between the clearance technical means and the interception technical means. That is, according to the clearance plan, the minimum clearance size of the target can be cleared, determine the propagation distance of the guard target from the initial fertilized egg to the minimum clearance size, and implement the clearance plan at the position of the spread distance; Body size, determine the maximum passing size that allows the prevention object to pass when the interception program is implemented upstream of the clearance program in the propagation direction, and the implementation position of the interception program, so that the maximum passing size of the interception program The prevention object will not grow until it reaches the removal program to the smallest reproductive size.

When formulating the overall management and control implementation plan, as a very special case, if the protection target cannot find the best spatiotemporal unit in the area, all stages of the protection species always coexist with the protected species in the area, and manual purification methods cannot be effectively separated. The degree of intrusion of the object to be protected against is determined specifically. If the prevention objects are distributed locally in the area, and the prevention objects only affect the protected species locally, the space-time space that has not been invaded for a certain period of time can effectively support the healthy survival of the affected protected species, and the protected species is not affected. The number of disturbed protected species populations is far above the minimum number of populations that keep the population alive. In this case, the impact of removal techniques on the protected species under application time and space is no longer considered, but the removal efficiency and time are determined according to the allowed time. and space interval; further, if the prevention object invades in the area, the migration and protection of the affected protected species should be considered. After the removal target is achieved, the population migration and reconstruction of the protected species should be carried out. Supported by stable artificial breeding technology. In another case, if the object of prevention belongs to the initial stage of the invasion, and it is a species with a very great threat of invasion, if the space occupied by it is limited and the overall impact on other species is very slight, it can be considered that the object of prevention will be All spaces are used as the best aggregated space-time unit and are completely cleared.

4. Periodic evaluation and adjustment of the plan

After the implementation of the overall control plan, the actual effect evaluation and correction can also be selectively carried out. The evaluation indicators are as follows:

After the removal plan is adopted, whether the proportion of species in the best collective spatiotemporal unit has decreased, and whether there is a good time correspondence for the reduction of individuals in the corresponding generation and later after the implementation of the removal plan.

Whether the individual population density of other species has decreased, and whether it is related to the technical means adopted in this program;

According to the above-mentioned actual evaluation effect, the directional removal method and device of the present invention can be further revised, and under necessary conditions, attention should be paid to restoring other species with larger collateral damage in the scheme, carrying out proliferation and releasing them, and directionally restoring their population.

The main steps of the method for directional control of the number of aquatic animal populations of the present invention have been described above, and the implementation of the method will be described in more detail below based on examples.

Example 1

FIG. 2 shows an example of the optimal aggregated spatiotemporal unit of the protection object of the present invention. Creatures A, B, and C in FIG. 2 are other protected organisms in the same protected area or water body, and Creature D is an invasive fish that is the object of prevention of the present invention. In Fig. 2, the horizontal axis represents the temporal life history of the four aquatic organisms, and the vertical axis represents the concentration of eggs or juveniles. More specifically, in the present Example 1, regarding the invasive fish D, the horizontal line in the figure indicates that the level of eggs and juveniles in the spawning ground remains basically unchanged throughout the entire time axis range, and it is in a position that can be concentrated. Cleared developmental state. To illustrate such an invasive fish D, Nile tilapia is a warm-water tropical fish that can survive in water with a water temperature of 16-40°C, and its optimum growth temperature is 24-32°C; the minimum temperature for reproduction is 19- 20°C, the highest is 38°C, and the optimum temperature for reproduction is 24-32°C; when the water temperature rises above 42°C, the respiration accelerates and floats on the water for a long time; when the water temperature drops to 14°C, the fish will It hides at the bottom of the water, rarely swims, and does not feed; when the water temperature drops to 9°C, it will die. Assuming that the invasive fish D in this example is Nile tilapia, the water temperature in the control water body is always kept in the range of 20-38 °C, so the spawning ground in this water body will always have its larvae and juveniles. . Regarding the protected creatures A, B, and C, the curves in the figure indicate that they are in a state requiring protection in the spawning ground. That is, if the scavenging means used in the present invention works in the multi-dimensional space-time channel shown in the diagram of the protected organisms A, B, and C, it will cause harm to the protected organisms A, B, and C. Outside the multi-dimensional space-time channel shown in the figure of C, it will not cause harm to the protected organisms A, B, and C.

In the present Example 1, a part of the space-time channel of the invasive fish D and the multi-dimensional space-time channels of the protected organisms A, B, and C overlap both in time and space. Within the scope of the space-time channel within the scope shown, the means of removal will not affect the protection of creatures A, B, and C. Therefore, in Example 1, the part indicated by the reference numerals G and/or H in the spatiotemporal channel shown in the figure of the invasive fish D was selected as the optimal aggregate spatiotemporal unit.

Example 2

FIG. 3 shows an example of the optimal aggregate spatiotemporal unit of the protection object of the present invention. In Fig. 3, the horizontal axis represents the spatial life history of the four aquatic organisms, and the vertical axis represents the concentration of eggs or juveniles. As shown in FIG. 3 , in Example 2, regarding the invasive fish D, the curve D in the figure shows that the distribution of eggs and juveniles in the spawning ground varies with space within a certain time range. Regarding the protected organisms A, B, and C, the curves A, B, and C in the figure indicate that the developmental bodies in the state requiring protection in the spawning ground vary with space. The spatiotemporal channel of invasive fish D shown by curve D (only the space is shown in the figure) and the multi-dimensional spatiotemporal channel of protected organisms A, B, and C shown by curves A, B, and C (only the space is shown in the figure) are There is some overlap in space. In this case, if the entire space-time channel of the invasive fish D is selected as the collective space-time unit for removal, it will cause harm to the protected organisms A, B, and C. Therefore, in Example 2, a part of the space-time channel of the invasive fish D that does not overlap with the multi-dimensional space-time channels of the protected organisms A, B, and C, and the presence concentration of the eggs or juveniles of the invasive fish D The spatial range above a certain level (the range indicated by arrows G and H in the figure) is selected as the optimal set of space-time units. Here, the reason for selecting a spatial range in which the concentration of eggs or juveniles of invasive fish D reaches a certain level or higher is that if the concentration of eggs or juveniles of invasive fish D is low, even if the concentration of eggs or juveniles of invasive fish D is low, For removal measures, the removal efficiency will be lower and the cost will be higher. Here, if the impact on protected organisms A, B, and C is not considered, the space between G and H can be selected as the blocking interval. In this blocking interval, the concentration of invasive fish D is high, blocking or Clearance is more efficient.

It should be noted that, based on Figures 2 and 3, it has been explained that the optimal collective space-time unit completely avoids the space-time channel of protection organisms A, B, and C in space. However, it is not limited to this. When the space-time channels of organisms A, B, and C overlap locally, the degree of damage to protected organisms A, B, and C may be smaller, and the population of protected organisms A, B, and C may not decline. Therefore, in Embodiments 1 and 2, the spatial range indicated by the arrow G in FIGS. 2 and 3 may be extended to the right to cover a part of the space-time channel that protects the creature A. The space range shown by the arrow H in 3 expands to the left, so that it covers a part of the space-time channel that protects creature C. In this case, even if the clearing means has some clearing effect on the protection creature A or C, it will not affect it. the normal existence of its entire population.

Example 3

FIG. 4 shows an example of the optimal aggregate spatiotemporal unit of the protection object of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , in this Example 3, in the natural spawning ground, the space-time channel of the protection organism E completely covers the space-time channel of the invasive fish D, and it is difficult to select the best one within the scope of the natural spawning ground. Aggregate space-time units. In this case, as one of the above-mentioned purification methods for the best collection of space-time units, an artificial spawning ground is set up in addition to the natural spawning ground, and a part of the broodstock of the invasive fish D is induced into the artificial spawning ground. At the same time, in the artificially constructed spawning ground, the above-mentioned artificial technical method is implemented to transform the habitat, so that the protected organism E is not easy to enter the artificially constructed spawning ground. In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned artificial technical methods to transform the habitat, active separation methods such as ultrasonic waves, electric currents, blocking nets, changing water flow, water quality, and water depth can also be used in natural spawning grounds to drive invasive fish away from natural spawning grounds. , so that most or all of them can be easily concentrated in artificial spawning grounds, and at the same time, protected organisms can be kept in natural spawning grounds. In addition, when there is a difference in size between the invasive fish D and the spawning parent of the protected organism E, nets can also be used to intercept the spawning grounds artificially. As a result, in the natural spawning ground, the concentration of eggs/juveniles of the invasive fish D decreased, as shown by the dotted line in the figure. Meanwhile, in the artificial spawning ground, the eggs/juveniles of the invasive fish D decreased. The concentration of juveniles is relatively high, and it is suitable for centralized removal with removal devices. In addition, the size of the artificially created spawning grounds should be determined according to the survey results. More specifically, when the artificially constructed spawning grounds are cleared, the population of the invasive fish D can be guaranteed to reach a declining tendency.

In the natural spawning field shown in FIG. 4 , artificial means can be adopted to interfere with the entry of the protected organism E according to the response of the protected organism E to the stimulation of external physical and chemical conditions and the threshold of the reaction. For example, when the protected organism E responds strongly to a sound wave of a certain frequency, but the invasive fish D does not respond strongly to the sound wave of this frequency, the sound wave of this frequency can be applied in the natural spawning field, thereby expelling the protected organism E , to achieve the purification of optimal aggregated spatiotemporal units in this natural spawning ground. In addition, when the parent body of the protected organism E is larger and the parent body of the invasive fish D is smaller, a net can also be set up in the natural spawning ground to intercept the parent body of the protected organism E in the natural spawning ground. outside the egg field. Moreover, in order to maintain the normal reproduction of the protected organism E, an artificial habitat suitable for the protected organism E can be created at the same time, and artificial means aimed at eliminating the invasive organism D can be adopted in the artificial habitat.

(a), (b), and (c) of FIG. 5 show an example of the method for determining the optimal aggregated spatiotemporal unit of the defense object in the present invention. 5 (a), the area O surrounded by the dotted line represents the distribution of the protection object in time and space, and the distribution density of the protection object gradually decreases in the order of O1 and O2; the area P surrounded by the solid line represents the protection object in time and space. For the spatial distribution, the distribution density of the protected objects gradually decreases in the order of P1 and P2. The area O2 overlaps with the high and low-density areas P1 and P2 of the protection object. If the area O2 is used as the best collective space-time unit, it is likely to have a greater impact on the protection object. In addition, the area O2 has a larger range, and its coverage The lower density of protected objects in most of the range of the scavenger causes a relatively high cost-effectiveness of the removal device and is therefore not suitable. The density of the protection objects in the area O1 is relatively high, and it only slightly overlaps with the low-density area P2 of the protection object. If the whole area O1 is used as the best aggregate space-time unit, it can have a certain removal effect and has a relatively low impact on the protection object. Small, therefore, can be used as one of the choices for the best ensemble space-time unit. The density of the protection objects in the area O1 is relatively high, which is optimal from the perspective of cost-effectiveness, but it may still affect the protection objects. Therefore, the local part of the area O1 can be considered as the best set of space-time units. For example, as shown in Fig. 5(b), only a part of the part of the region O1 that does not overlap with the region P2 (the part surrounded by the thick solid line on the right side of the region P2 in the figure) is used as the optimal set space-time unit, Thereby, the influence on the protection object is avoided. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5( c ), the entire portion of the region O1 that does not overlap with the region P2 (in the figure, a part of the left edge of the region O1 is recessed to the right and surrounded by a thick solid line) may be concave part) as the best ensemble space-time unit. Compared with the example shown in Fig. 5(b), the best ensemble spatiotemporal unit in Fig. 5(c) has better cleaning effect. For the above-mentioned various options, it can be based on the control objectives of the prevention objects and the effectiveness of the adopted prevention and control techniques, ranging from the blocking or removal effectiveness of the target organisms and the effectiveness of other species in the area (protected species or species that are not easy to recover). ) seek the best balance between the two aspects of collateral damage, determine a reasonable time and space interval (that is, which time and space interval to choose), and take measures to eliminate or restrict the group of the prevention object at this specific developmental stage.

In the above, only acoustic wave expulsion and net interception are used to illustrate the purification of the optimal aggregated space-time unit, but it is not limited to this, as long as it is an artificial means that can realize the separation of protected organisms and invasive fish. In addition, the purification of the optimal ensemble space-time unit is not limited to the spawning stage described above, and the spawning stage is only one of the preferred ones. According to the characteristics of the life history of the prevention object itself, any object in the life history of the prevention object can be selected. A phase that is conducive to blocking or clearing.

It should be noted that, in the above-mentioned Embodiments 1-3, only the protected organisms A-E are exemplified for description, but the types of protected organisms to be considered when selecting the best collective spatiotemporal unit of the protection object are not limited to these types. , can also be increased or decreased according to the actual situation.

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the optimal aggregated spatiotemporal unit is exemplified to be determined according to the spawning ground. However, it is not limited to this. As long as each growth stage of the life cycle of the invasive fish has a relative concentration phenomenon, it can be determined according to the spawning ground. The actual conditions are appropriately chosen as the optimal aggregate spatiotemporal unit.

In addition, in the above description, it is assumed that the object of protection is only one kind of creature, but it is not limited to this, and two or more kinds of creatures may be the object of prevention, and the optimal collective space-time unit may be determined one by one similarly to the above.

Example 4

In the present invention, according to the developmental characteristics of the collective population of the prevention objects in the optimal collective space-time unit, appropriate directional clearing methods and devices are correspondingly adopted.

Taking oviparous fish reproduction as an example, it can be roughly divided into floating egg fish and sticky egg fish according to the type of spawning. Floating eggs, also known as floating eggs, are smaller in shape, float on the water surface after being laid, and develop by floating with the current. The viscous eggs are also called sinking eggs. They are larger in shape and sink on various substrates at the bottom of the water to develop. Many sinking eggs have a layer of glue outside the egg membrane, and they become sticky when exposed to water. It develops on water plants, pebbles, reef sand bottoms, mud bottoms, etc. Depending on the type of spawning of the object to be prevented, the directional blocking or clearing methods and devices used are sometimes different, and there are also some directional blocking or clearing methods and devices that can be used in common. FIG. 6 shows the cleaning device of Embodiment 4. FIG. The cleaning device 1 in Example 4 includes a pump 2 . The pump 2 is used to accelerate the water flow rate so that the eggs and/or larvae flow with the water flow. When the eggs and/or larvae and juveniles pass through the pump 2, the high-speed water flow or blades in the pump 2 squeeze and cut the eggs and/or the larvae and juveniles, thereby destroying them and achieving the purpose of removal.

The on and off of the pump corresponds to the time rhythm of spawning and the removal of targeted eggs or juveniles corresponds to the water layer.

For the setting of the pump, compare the existence of the prevention object in the water body with the existence of the prevention object in the water body after a single pump, and determine the power of the pump and the flow rate of the pump water. In addition, according to the influence of pumping in different developmental stages of the object to be prevented, the optimal pump power and pumping water flow rate are determined.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6 , in order to further ensure the cleaning effect, a cutting device 3 may be added downstream of the pump 2 . The cutting device 3 includes a cutting tool, for example, a blade. Eggs and/or larvae not destroyed by the pump 2 are destroyed using the cutting device 3 .

In addition, FIG. 6 shows an example in which the diameter of the channel in which the pump is installed is equal to the upstream and downstream directions of the water flow direction. However, as a modification, the diameter of the channel on the upstream side in the water flow direction may be larger. Towards the pump 2 downstream in the direction of the water flow, the diameter of the channel gradually becomes smaller, whereby the change in the diameter of the channel can be used to increase the cleaning efficiency.

In addition, blocking means may be further provided on the upstream side portion of the passage in which the pump is provided. The interception means can be a sound wave generator, whereby the protection object is used to respond to the sound wave to keep it away from the cleaning device to avoid injuring the protection object; or the interception means can be an interception net, the mesh of which is determined according to the size of the protection object , the intercepting net can also be multi-channel, and the size of the mesh gradually becomes smaller from the upstream side to the downstream side in the direction of the water flow; it can also be a combination of a sound wave generator and an intercepting net, and the sound wave generator can protect objects with strong active swimming ability. The blocking effect is better, and the blocking effect of the intercepting net is better for the protected objects whose active swimming ability is weak and cannot get rid of the restraint of the current.

The clearing method and clearing device in this embodiment 4 are especially for clearing the early life history stage group of the floating egg type prevention object and the newly hatched larvae stage group of the sticky egg type prevention object.

Example 5

FIG. 7 shows the cleaning device of the fifth embodiment. The scavenging device 1 in Example 5 includes a cage 4 in which predators 5 are stocked.

Predator 5 is selected based on the adaptability of the food chain and the environmental conditions of the best collective space-time unit. It is a creature that preys on the collective group under the best collective space-time unit of the prevention object. The distribution of larvae is generally concentrated at the stage. In this case, the removal effect is better. Here, the target group is fertilized eggs and newly hatched larvae as an example for further explanation. Predator 5 is preferred to take the collective group in the best collective space-time unit of the defense object as the prey object, and in the case of natural random selection, it has a stronger preference for the collective group of the defense object. The appearance time is matched, that is, the predation time of predator 5 corresponds to the appearance time of the target group, the survival environment of predator 5 is the same or similar to the distribution environment of the target group, and it has a good adaptation in the optimal set space-time unit Sexuality and scavenging technical effects. It should be noted that the predator 5 is not limited to fish, and can be any aquatic organism that preys on the eggs and/or larvae of the guarded object, such as amphibians, crustaceans, and birds (such as domestic ducks and wading birds) .

There are two choices for predators, one is to choose local predatory species; the other is to choose other invasive alien species and modify them. Both have their own advantages. The choice of native predators does not need to consider the ecological risks after their escape, and it is easier to embed in the habitat; the advantage of choosing other invasive species is that the general invasive species have the advantages of strong tolerance and large food intake. , but the disadvantage is that there will be ecological security risks when escaping without treatment.

The cage 4 is used to house the predator 5, prevent the predator 5 from escaping and confine it within the optimal ensemble spatiotemporal unit. The position and number of cages 4 in the spawning field and the number of predators placed in a single cage 4 can be determined through calculation and experimentation, so as to ensure the predation efficiency of the eggs, larvae and juveniles of the prevention object, and ensure the elimination of Purpose. The mesh of the cage 4 is determined according to the size of the predator 5 and the size of the parent body of the protection object, so that the predator 5 cannot escape, and at the same time, the parent body of the protection object can freely enter and exit through the mesh.

The number and density of the cages 4 are determined according to the main distribution of the eggs and/or larvae and juveniles of the object to be prevented in the water body.

Although FIG. 7 shows that the cage 4 is used in combination with the pump 2 and the cutting device 3, it is not limited to this, and the cage 4 may be used alone. When used in combination, the removal efficiency can be further improved. Moreover, it is not limited to using cages to release, and other methods such as setting up seine nets directly in the water body and releasing predators can also be used.

The removal method and removal device in Example 6 are applicable to small floating groups (including floating eggs, newly hatched larvae and small fish with weak active swimming ability).

Example 6

FIG. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of the cage 4 of the sixth embodiment. The single cage 4 is a modular cage, including a bottom case 41 , a case cover 42 , and a telescopic body 43 between the bottom case 41 and the case cover 42 shown in phantom in the figure. The bottom box 41 is a box structure with an opening (the opening is shown above, but can also be at other positions), in which the water and the predator 5 are accommodated, and the water and the predator 5 are taken out or released through the opening. The box cover 42 is used to cooperate with the bottom box 41 to form a closed space during transportation to prevent water from overflowing, to ensure that the predators 5 survive in the closed space, and at the same time, to make the cage 4 smaller and easier to transport. The telescopic body 43 is a soft net that can be unfolded and folded, which connects the bottom box 41 and the box cover 42, but is not limited to being integrated with the bottom box 41 and the box cover 42, and can also be a separate structure. Assemble the three when in use. During transportation, the telescopic body 43 is stowed or removed, and the bottom box 41 and the box cover 42 cooperate to form a closed space. In the above-mentioned optimal collective space-time unit, one or more of the up, down, left, and right directions can be selected selectively. Expand the telescopic body 43 in each direction to form the cage 4, and multiple modular cages can be combined with each other to achieve the target delivery quantity and delivery density.

As a modified example, the telescopic body 43 has a bottom and/or a top to form a closed shape, and can be separated from the bottom box 41 and the box cover 42, and only the cage 4 is used when it is put into the optimal gathering space-time unit, so that the expansion The upper and lower surfaces of the rear cage 4 are also constituted by nets.

It should be noted that the structure of the cage 4 in the present invention is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 8 and the structure described in the above modification example, and may not be a modular structure but a structure assembled in a protection area.

In addition, the structure of the cage can also be determined according to actual needs. For example, when it is installed underwater, a fully enclosed structure needs to be adopted, but when the predator 5 is a bird such as a domestic duck, it needs to be installed near the water surface, which can make open above.

Example 7

Some predators5 are themselves invasive species that can harm the ecology of protected areas or water bodies. In Example 5 or 6, in order to prevent the occurrence of reproduction and the escape of breeding larvae during the application process, single-sex or immature gonadal individuals can be selected, and in order to limit the escape and diffusion of the predator 5, it is placed in the cage 4 In Example 7, in order to further reduce the risk of escape and diffusion of the predator 5, in addition to the application of the cage 4, the predator 5 can also be sterilized. In this way, even if the predator 5 escapes unexpectedly, no offspring predators will be produced, the ecological damage to the protected area or water body is limited, and over time, the escaped predator will die out and the impact will disappear. Specific sterilization measures include at least one of the following: surgical castration, suitable for larger fish; chemical castration, using protein-denaturing drugs, adding anesthetics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and administering the above-mentioned drugs in the form of topical medication. Sent to the gonads of the species, preferably for larger fish. In addition, tracking and recapture can also be implemented. A tracker can be installed on the predator to monitor its activity range. When its activity range exceeds the optimal space-time assembly unit, it can be captured and returned to the optimal space-time assembly unit according to the positioning results. . The various measures for preventing the escape and diffusion of the predator 5 in the above-mentioned Embodiments 6 and 7 can be used alone or in combination.

Example 8

In the above-mentioned embodiments 4-7, a variety of directional removal devices and methods have been adopted for the eggs or juveniles of the prevention objects. In Example 8, additional removal measures for the prevention objects in the later life history of the juveniles, such as , fishing, introduction of predators, net interception, grid interception, ultrasonic drive, etc. Fishing and introduction of predators can directly kill juveniles, adults, and broodstock. Although net interception, grid interception, and ultrasonic driving do not kill them directly, they can drive the broodstock away from the spawning ground, so that the broodstock will not spawn, Or lay eggs in an unsuitable environment and fail to hatch. Therefore, only a part of the life history of the target is disturbed, and after many generations, the purpose of targeted elimination can also be achieved.

Example 9

In Example 10, considering the environmental adaptability of the predators 5, the cages 4 are arranged in multiple layers. Specifically, there are differences in the water depths that different types of predators 5 can adapt to. When the cages 4 containing the predators 5 are set in mismatched water depths, the predators 5 may die or become uncomfortable or refuse to eat, thereby orienting Clearance measures become futile. Therefore, in Example 10, the cages 4 are arranged in multiple layers according to the depth of the presence of eggs or juveniles of invasive fish in the water body, and predators 5 suitable for shallow water are accommodated in the shallow cages 4 , the predators 5 suitable for deep water are housed in deep cages 4 .

In addition, the cages 4 are isolated from each other. On the one hand, it prevents the predators 5 from moving freely and becomes unevenly distributed, resulting in unstable removal efficiency; The number of Predator 5 has been reduced, affecting the clearing effect.

Example 10

In natural spawning grounds, there are sometimes difficulties or obstacles to adopting the above-mentioned directional removal methods and devices, such as inconvenience of transportation, obstacles, energy sources, and the inability to stagger the space-time channels of invasive fish and the protection of organisms.

In a natural water environment or an artificial water environment, there are usually spawning grounds for invasive fish as invasive animals, and sometimes the removal devices in the above embodiments can be arranged in the existing spawning grounds. However, sometimes there are difficulties in arranging removal devices in the existing spawning grounds, such as inconvenient transportation, obstacles, difficulty in power transmission, and inability to stagger the space-time channels of invasive fish and protected organisms. In this case, artificial spawning grounds can be considered. The artificial spawning ground has a structure that simulates the spawning environment of invasive fish, such as simulating various environmental factors such as water flow rate, water temperature, water depth, transparency, aquatic plants, pebbles, rocks, sand bottom, mud bottom, and bait. For example, for viscous-egg-type invasive fish, if the eggs usually stick to the pebbles, the spawning environment can be simulated to construct artificial spawning grounds, and the pebbles can be laid in the cage 4 to induce invasion. Fish spawn so that Predator 5 can remove their eggs and/or juveniles. For the floating egg-type invasive fish, a local water flow can be artificially created to form an artificial spawning ground to induce the invasive fish to spawn, and the cage 4 can be placed in the artificially constructed spawning ground, so that the predator 5 can remove its eggs and/or juveniles. In this way, the purification of the above-mentioned optimal aggregated space-time unit can be achieved, and the degree of damage to the protected organism E by the removal device can be reduced.

Example 11

Sticky eggs usually have adhesion, so this feature can be used to set up a carrier for sticky eggs to attach to in the optimal collection space-time unit, such as mesh materials, wires, etc., so that the sticky eggs can further develop in the optimal collection space-time unit. concentrated. On this basis, the mesh material or wire can be made of conductive materials or contain conductive materials. When a large number of sticky eggs are attached at regular intervals, energize, and use the current to destroy the activity of the sticky eggs to achieve Clear purpose. In addition, for the mesh material, twisting or squeezing can also be used to exert external force on the sticky eggs attached to it, so as to achieve the purpose of destruction.

Example 12

Embodiment 12 provides a general-purpose high-efficiency removal device and method aiming at preventing the early life history group of the object or the small fish with weak active swimming ability, and its specific composition includes a non-target group driving or separating device, aiming at the sticky eggs. The peeling device is a suction and crushing device for floating groups (including peeled sticky eggs, floating eggs, newly hatched larvae and small fish with poor active swimming ability), and a stun and lethal device for floating groups and its related A matching suction port, and a carrying platform that enables the above-mentioned collective device to move and work.

The non-target group repelling or separation device can be a commonly used fish repelling technology, such as sonic fish repelling. When using this technical means, the species other than the protected species in the area, especially the protected species, should be the research objects, and each species should be determined to be effective. At the same time, in order to prevent the biological adaptability to the sound wave interference, the final output is a broadband composite sound wave, and the amount of energy emitted by each sound wave is within the range to achieve the fish-repelling effect. A random pattern is used to prevent organisms from developing adaptation or tolerance, and another separation method can be mesh isolation and interception, to determine a better mesh size between the target group can pass through and the non-target group can't pass.

The peeling device of the sticky eggs can use high-pressure water gun jet to carry out the peeling of the sticky eggs; it can use the ultrasonic cavitation effect to realize the cleaning and peeling of the sticky eggs in the water body; it can also use the cavitation jet technology to realize the cleaning of the sticky eggs in the water body. Peeling, that is, artificially generating high-density cavitation bubbles in the water jet beam, and using the strong micro-jet impact force generated by the collapse of a large number of cavitation bubbles in local small areas on the surface of the object to achieve the purpose of cleaning the sticky eggs; it can also be artificial Sandblasting technology is used to clean or kill sticky fish eggs. As a supplement to this technology, before applying this technology, the sand blasted should be washed to remove sand with a diameter of 100nm and below. In order to prevent the sandblasted from forming colloid during the process, the water will become turbid and pollute the environment. Because the viscosity coefficient of sticky eggs is related to the species and the incubation time in the water, the reasonable parameters of each method should be specifically set according to the characteristics of the target object when applying the above technology. It should be pointed out here that when the sticky egg is peeled off from the adherend, it can be lethal because it is separated from the original suitable incubation environment. Further kill the target group. For other aquatic organisms that live in adherence, such as the snail, it can also be treated as a sticky egg.

The suction and crushing device of the floating group uses a suction pump to suck the target group in a floating and free state, and a set of devices for crushing the target group after suction. As a supplement, a net can be installed at the suction port. Eye blocking device to prevent the entry of non-target groups or substances, to isolate non-target groups and protect the mechanical device.

The stun-killing device mainly uses the working principle of the electric fish machine to stun and stun the target group by electric shock. The advantage of using this device is that for the target group in the floating stage, the activity place is generally a three-dimensional space, and under the cover of the fish protection color, it is not easy to be found in the removal operation. After the installation, because the fish usually float on the water surface after being corona or electrocuted, at least temporarily lose the ability to move, and the fish cannot maintain their natural state at this time, so the protective color loses its cover, and it is easier to find and remove. When this device is used, the suction head of the suction and crushing device matched with it should be a strip-shaped slit structure, which can suck the target group floating on the surface with the maximum capacity during use. The device can also be used alone to directly kill the target population under high power conditions, thereby replacing suction and crushing devices.

The carrying platform can be artificially portable, which is generally suitable for shallow water areas of streams; it can also be a ship directly driven by someone or operated by manual remote control, which is generally suitable for large water surfaces or water bodies that are inconvenient for humans to enter.

Methods for targeting early life-history groups or small fish that are not active swimmers include the following steps. Investigate the relative concentration in time and space of the early life history stage of the prevention object, and the difference in time or space with other species in the area, especially the early life history of protected species, and determine that the early life history of the prevention object occurs alone in the area The combination of time and space, that is, the best set of space-time units to prevent the early life history of the target; the above device can effectively move in the working environment under the action of the mobile platform, and its relative speed with the target group must be kept within a reasonable range In order to effectively realize the effective removal of the target group, and select the appropriate device or the combined use of multiple devices according to the specific target group; use the driving or separating device to disperse or isolate the non-target group in order to achieve the orientation of the target group Removal, that is, to achieve the purification of the best aggregated spatiotemporal unit; for fish whose spawning type is sticky eggs, when removing the fertilized eggs, use the peeling device of sticky eggs to peel them off from the adherend, so as to detach the fertilized eggs. The original suitable incubation environment can kill it. In order to make the removal effect more thorough, subsequent suction and crushing operations can be added to further kill the target group; Floating groups such as eggs and newly hatched larvae and small fish with poor active swimming ability use suction and crushing devices to kill, or use a stun-killing device to kill the above target groups, or use a stun-killing device Under the action of the above-mentioned target group floating on the surface of the water body, the suction head of the strip-shaped gap structure is used to suck the target group floating on the surface of the water body, and finally crush it to achieve the purpose of further killing.

Example 13

The mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) is listed as an invasive species by many countries and organizations, and was selected as one of the "Top 100 Invasive Alien Species in the World" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Committee. The invasion of this species has led to the endangerment of many indigenous aquatic organisms. In my country, the mosquito-eating fish poses an important ecological threat to Tanichthys albonubes, which is also a small fish. According to the study by Li Jiangtao et al. ("Effects of Hunger on Energy Consumption and Swimming Ability of Mosquito-eating Fish and Tang Yu's Juveniles", Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, Volume 27, Issue 1, January 2016), the There are significant differences in swimming ability, and the swimming ability of Tang fish is better than that of mosquito fish, while Yan Guanjie ("Interspecies Comparison of Cyprinidae Morphology and Swimming Ability" Chongqing Normal University Master's Thesis, 2012) and Ding Shaobo ("Interspecies Comparison of Cyprinids' Swimming Ability") Swimming ability test of typical fish in the lower reaches of the Dadu River (Journal of Aquatic Ecology, Volume 41, Issue 1, January 2020) further shows that the swimming speed of general fish in natural water bodies is stronger than that of mosquito-eating fish speed.

In view of this, a high-efficiency removal device and method targeting mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) is provided, and its specific structure includes a non-target group repelling or separating device, a suction and breaking device for the mosquito fish, and a A stun-killing device, a suction port matched with it, and a mounting platform that enables the above-mentioned gathering device to move and operate.

The non-target group repelling or separation device can be a commonly used fish repelling technology, such as sonic fish repelling. When using this technical means, the species other than the protected species in the area, especially the protected species, should be the research objects, and each species should be determined to be effective. At the same time, in order to prevent the biological adaptability to the sound wave interference, the final output is a broadband composite sound wave, and the amount of energy emitted by each sound wave is within the range to achieve the fish-repelling effect. A random pattern is used to prevent organisms from developing adaptation or tolerance, and another separation method can be mesh isolation and interception, to determine a better mesh size between the target group can pass through and the non-target group can't pass.

The suction and crushing device for mosquito-eating fish uses a suction pump to suck the population of mosquito-eating fish with poor swimming ability, and a set of devices to crush it after suction. As a supplement, a net can be installed at the suction port. Eye blocking device to prevent the entry of non-target groups or substances, to isolate non-target groups and protect the mechanical device.

The stun-killing device mainly uses the working principle of the electric fish machine to stun and stun the mosquito-eating fish population by electric shock. The working space of the halo device, the advantage of using this device is that for the target group in the floating stage, the activity is generally a three-dimensional space, and under the cover of the protective color of the fish, it is not easy to be found in the removal operation. After adding this device, because the fish usually float on the water surface after being corona or electrocuted, at least temporarily lose their ability to move, and at this time, the fish cannot maintain their natural state, so the protective color loses its cover, and it is easier to find and remove. When this device is used, the suction head of the suction and crushing device matched with it should be a strip-shaped slit structure, which can suck the target group floating on the surface with the maximum capacity during use. The device can also be used alone to directly kill the target population under high power conditions, thereby replacing suction and crushing devices.

The carrying platform can be artificially portable, which is generally suitable for shallow water areas of streams; it can also be a ship directly driven by someone or operated by manual remote control, which is generally suitable for large water surfaces or water bodies that are inconvenient for humans to enter. The operating speed of the carrying platform is based on the principle of effectively removing mosquito fish. Under this, its speed is limited to not catch up with other species, and in a narrow sense, it can only be limited to protected species, such as Tang fish.

Methods for targeting early life-history groups or small fish that are not active swimmers include the following steps. Investigate the time and space of the concentrated survival of mosquito fish, and the difference in time or space with other species in the area, especially the early life history of protected species, and determine the combination of time and space when mosquito fish appears alone in the area, ready-to-eat The best collection space-time unit of mosquitoes and fish in the area; according to the existence of species in the area and the effective escape velocity (especially when there are protected species in the operating environment), it is determined that the above devices maintain a reasonable speed under the action of the mobile platform to achieve Effective operation; disperse or isolate non-target groups by means of repelling or separating devices, so as to achieve directional removal of target groups, that is, to achieve the purification of optimal aggregated spatiotemporal units; use suction and crush devices to suck, crush and kill mosquito-eating fish , the stun-killing device can also be used to kill the mosquito-eating fish population, or the target group can be floated on the surface of the water body under the action of the stun-killing device, and the suction head of the strip-shaped gap structure can be used to suck the floating fish. The target group on the surface of the water body, and finally crushed to achieve the purpose of further killing. What needs to be added again is that if there are protected species in the area, the escape ability and characteristics of each developmental stage of the protected species should be fully studied, and the time or space of the operation and the speed of the equipment during the specific operation should be selected reasonably to avoid Avoid or reduce damage to protected species.

Example 14

A technical method for artificial ensemble aggregation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) populations after the early life history. The basic process is as follows: First, the adaptation or tolerance of the target group to one or some environmental factors is first screened out and the tolerance of other species in the area (in a narrow sense, only protected species or species that are not easy to recover) are screened out. than environmental indicators with significant advantages. For this species, it has significant advantages over most freshwater fish in my country in terms of salinity and water dissolved oxygen tolerance. Fish is a mega-salinity fish, which can still function normally in water bodies with salinity greater than 15-20‰. According to existing public information, there are few pure freshwater fish species that can tolerate more than 12‰ of salinity. Introduction: In terms of tolerance to hypoxia, this species can still feed normally when the dissolved oxygen content in the water is 0.7 mg/L, while the average fish can feed normally when the dissolved oxygen in the water is about 2 mg/L ("Suitable Hydrological Conditions for Typical Fish Survival and Reproduction"). Yang Qing, author of "Experimental Research on Adaptation Threshold", Master's Thesis of North China University of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, 2019), the floating head phenomenon will appear. First, in view of the biological characteristics of Nile tilapia tolerance to hypoxia, a relatively closed water body with low dissolved oxygen level can be selected or artificially created as the best gathering space for Nile tilapia (a relatively closed space). The advantage of the site is to reduce the water exchange capacity, maintain the relative stability of the water environment in the space, and it is easier to close the space later. ) tolerance difference is reasonably determined; for the characteristics of Nile tilapia hygrosaline, for rivers or lakes close to the estuary, a certain area of the estuary can be selected as the best gathering space for the target organisms. It should be pointed out that after the target space is selected, it can be used as a supplementary technology. First, the estuarine fish in the space are manually driven away to reduce the unnecessary removal of other species. In the interior of the area, a relatively independent space area can be selected or artificially constructed, and the connection channel between this area and the natural water body is a narrow and long structure to reduce the exchange rate between the water body in the area and the natural water body, and through artificial technical means (such as Increase the amount of water, reduce the amount of water, put in salt, etc.) to change the salinity level in the space area to achieve a better concentration (the specific concentration is based on the local freshwater fish intolerance to avoid escape, and Nile tilapia can eat normally as a principle , usually can be selected between 12-20‰ according to the actual situation). Second, after the selection of the best gathering space for Nile tilapia, in order to increase the attraction to the target group, reasonable feeding can be carried out in this space according to their feeding habits. It should be pointed out that while feeding food, , it will also increase the consumption of oxygen in the water body, which will have a certain impact on the level of dissolved oxygen in the water body, so attention should be paid in advance in the specific design. Third, on this basis, the mobile fish repelling equipment that has a driving effect on the object of prevention is used to drive and gather the creatures that are the object of prevention in a certain area to the above-mentioned interval, so as to achieve the aggregation of the target creatures. The mobile fish repelling equipment It has a mobile platform and a unit that generates sound waves, light waves, bubble curtains, etc., which have the effect of expelling the target group. Here, in order to avoid damage to the protected species, the protection objects in the spawning period should be avoided when driving away; fourth, mobile The fish repelling equipment should be stopped so that non-target organisms (especially protected species or species that are not easy to recover) can effectively escape from the above-mentioned interval environment. At the same time, if necessary, artificial technical means that attract target organisms can be added, such as The food attraction mentioned in step 2 may be attracted by sonic waves to prolong its stay time; fifth, confirm the existence of the prevention objects and non-target organisms in the above interval, and whether the concentration of the prevention objects and the non-target organisms have been achieved. Escape; sixth, after achieving the concentration of the target and the escape of non-target creatures, effectively contain the target creatures in the interval. The available technical methods include reactivating mobile fish repelling equipment or using nets (such as Seine nets, gill nets) enclosure; sixth, effective removal of target organisms, the removal methods can be effective killing methods such as electromechanical electrocution, purse seine or gillnet capture. This method can be repeated in a certain area to ensure an effective cleaning effect. Seventh, when the Nile tilapia removal target in the area is achieved, the water quality and environmental quality will be restored by enhancing the exchange capacity between natural water bodies and artificially created water bodies in optimal gathering spaces such as high salinity or low oxygen or other technical means. .

In addition, Nile tilapia also has significant characteristics compared with most freshwater fish in my country in terms of water temperature, namely tolerance to water at 35-40 °C and lethality below 9 °C. The tolerance advantage of water temperature and the tolerance disadvantage of low water temperature can be used from two aspects, forward or reverse, respectively, according to the characteristics of specific water species, and will not be repeated here.

In the above, the various embodiments are described by taking the targeted removal of invasive organisms as an example, but the present invention can also be applied to any application for the purpose of targeted removal of a certain species, not limited to invasive organisms, for example, in aquaculture farms to form A native species is targeted for targeted removal based on the environment of the commercial species being farmed.

Example 15

In the present Example 15, a collection device for collecting eggs and/or juveniles of invasive fish was used. The collecting device is, for example, an intercepting net, which is set in the spawning ground, that is, the optimal gathering space-time unit or downstream near the spawning ground. The mesh size of the intercepting net is determined according to the size of the eggs or juveniles of the invading fish. Eggs and larvae of invasive fish are not allowed to pass through. Through the collection device, the eggs and/or juveniles of the invasive fish are collected together and removed by the removal device and method in the above-mentioned embodiments, thereby greatly improving the directional removal efficiency and reducing the directional removal. The arrangement range and number of devices can reduce costs. For invasive fish with floating eggs, the effect of using the intercepting net is particularly obvious, so it can be combined with the removal device and method in the above embodiment. This device is also suitable for other biological groups with weak active swimming ability.

7. Methods and devices for preventing the spread of aquatic animals

In order to prevent the spatial intrusion of the object in the area from continuing to expand and even realize the phenomenon of cross-regional intrusion and transmission with the help of some artificial channels, such as preventing the cross-regional intrusion and transmission of aquatic animals in a water transfer project, the present invention adopts the following methods, including the following some or all of several steps.

[Determine the object of prevention or prevention group]

The object of prevention can be determined through actual research or theoretical analysis.

[Determine the location of the "blocking section"]

The specific method is to set up a "blocking section" on the connecting channel between the existing distribution area and the potential distribution area of the protection object in natural water bodies. It is set in the water channel of the water transfer project to achieve the purpose of preventing the continued spread of the prevention object.

[Determine the means of blocking the "clearing section"]

That is to use the biological instinct of the object of prevention to seek benefits and avoid harm, use modern fish repelling technology to prevent the object of prevention from approaching and pass, or set up nets on the cross section of the water body to prevent the object from passing through - this is the technology of "blocking" means, modern fish repelling technology can be: one or several combinations of sonic repelling fish, optical fish repelling, bubble curtain repelling fish and other technologies.

The technical means of "resistance" is more effective for groups with active swimming ability, but it is not effective for small fish with early life history or floating as the main movement method because of their weak ability to avoid autonomously. Groups that are dominated by floating migration need to take "clear" technical means to limit their spread.

The specific "clear" technical means can be used according to specific conditions, including one or more combinations involved in Embodiment 4 to Embodiment 12 in this patent. It should be noted that, when using Embodiment 12, the "mounting platform" device can be selected as a fixed device.

For example, in a water transfer project, in order to prevent the cross-regional invasion and spread of aquatic animals, a minimum size barrier area of the prevention object and/or a juvenile removal area of the prevention object are set up. Fig. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of the device for directional prevention of the spread of aquatic animals according to the present invention. As shown in Fig. 9 , there is an initial fertilized egg area 902 on the upstream side of the propagation direction of the propagation channel 901, and a minimum size barrier area for the prevention object is set on the downstream side. 903 , an intercepting device 904 is provided in the minimum body size blocking area 903 .

There are four basic types of the formation of the minimum block size of the protection object. Type 1: It can be an interception net that is perpendicular to the water flow direction or at a certain angle (the minimum size of the protection object depends on the mesh size of the interception net, and the size of the interception net The mesh size is comprehensively obtained according to a numerical range formed by the minimum allowable flow rate of the water body and the maximum allowable barrier effect on the protection object. It should be pointed out that when the intercepting net is perpendicular to the water flow direction, the water body The minimum value of the interception net mesh design allowed by the flow rate of the flow rate will be the maximum). In order to reduce the mesh to improve the interception effect, the angle between the mesh surface of the intercepting mesh relative to the direction of the water flow can be reduced. Type 2: It can also be a repeated arrangement of the above-mentioned intercepting nets on two or more sides, whereby one or more isolation spaces arranged in sequence are formed between the nets. Type 3: It can also be a fixed surface composed of a single fixed wire or a plurality of fixed wires that is perpendicular to the water flow direction, horizontal, vertical or at a certain angle in the water body. Cages, the distribution of cages in the water body is set according to the distribution of the water layer when the object to be prevented moves in the water body. This structure can be repeatedly set within a certain distance as needed. A predator whose body size is larger than the minimum size of the protection object is used to prey on the protection object, and the predator is used to prey on or expel the protection object. Type 4: Use sonic technology to drive out the guarded object and make it enter the water intake area of the water transfer project. The selection of the above types is generally determined according to the minimum body size that the prevention device can prevent under the premise that each type has little impact on water transfer. In order to improve the prevention effect, the above types can be used in combination. (It is determined according to the smallest size of the breeding parent of the object of prevention, for the organism with the smallest size of the breeding parent and the larger individual, choose type 1 or type 2; for the organism with the smallest size of the breeding parent and the smaller individual (small invasive fish), select the type 3.

In addition, methods and measures can also be taken at the same time in the minimum body size barrier area of the prevention object and the juvenile body removal area of the prevention object. One or more of the above-mentioned intercepting nets, sound wave devices, etc. are installed in the minimum body size barrier area of the prevention object. In this way, the movement of the guarded object in the water body is restricted; in the juvenile removal area of the guarded object, the above-mentioned directional removal method and device can be used according to the actual situation.

In the case of using a sound wave device, the minimum blocking body size is determined according to the minimum protection object that can evade the sound wave. In the case of adopting the intercepting net, the minimum blocking body size is determined according to the smallest preventive object that can be intercepted by the intercepting net. In the case of using both a sound wave and an intercepting net, the minimum blocking body size is determined from the smallest body size determined from the smallest defense object that can evade the sound wave, and the smallest defense object that can be intercepted by the intercepting net. The larger of the smallest size.

Through the method and device for preventing the cross-regional invasion and spread of aquatic animals in the above-mentioned water transfer project, the present invention can obtain the following technical effects:

It effectively makes up for the current technical deficiencies in preventing the spread of invasive species through juveniles and fertilized eggs.

Prevention and control are carried out according to the method of the food chain, and the breeding and activity spaces of predators are controllable. It is an environmentally friendly means of removing invasive organisms.

It should be noted that the above has explained the prevention of cross-regional intrusion and spread of aquatic animals in water transfer projects. For cross-regional invasion and spread, in these water bodies, the above-mentioned preventive methods and devices can be adopted.

In the above-described embodiments, the steps of some methods, the structure, function and effect of the devices are individually described. However, the devices and steps in the above-described embodiments are not limited to be used alone, but can also be used in combination, so that the for better results.

8. Devices and methods for protecting fish resources in water transfer projects

In the water transfer project, with the process of water transfer and transportation, it is easy to transport the early fish resources in rivers and lakes with the water body, and the cross-regional transport breaks the geographical isolation, which makes some local species reach new environmental conditions. At the same time, as mentioned above in this patent, some intercepting devices cannot effectively intercept the early fish resources, resulting in the loss of fish resources in the original water transfer rivers and lakes. Conducive to the conservation of biodiversity.

In view of this, this patent proposes a device and method for protecting fish resources in water diversion projects, especially the protection of early fish resources is particularly effective. The basic structure of the device consists of two parts: the active avoidance subsystem and the developmental interception subsystem. The above two parts can work independently or in cooperation. The role of the active avoidance subsystem is to reduce or reduce the probability of fish resources entering the water delivery channel during the water intake process through effective technical design. Usually, the application location is at the front of the water intake of the water transfer project; the role of the development interception subsystem is to Through effective technical design, the fish resources entering the water conveyance channel can be returned to the natural water environment (water source), and the application location is usually after the water intake of the water transfer project and in the front section of the water conveyance channel. Now make a detailed introduction.

The main technical elements of the active avoidance subsystem mainly include the drive away of large fish resources (that is, fish with strong active swimming) and the avoidance and interception of small fish resources (in a narrow sense, it can only refer to early fish resources). two parts. Now introduce them separately. To drive away large fish resources, the more mature fish drive technologies can be used, such as mesh interception, sonic fish drive, bubble curtain drive fish, etc., to prevent fish resources with active swimming ability from approaching the water intake. The avoidance and interception of small fish resources is mainly based on the design of the location of the water intake and the hydrological conditions near the water intake. The multiple influences of factors such as topography, specific gravity of fish eggs and particle size mainly drift along the mainstream of the river; for the larval stage, generally, the closer the offshore distance is in the horizontal distribution, the higher the density of larvae, and vice versa, the farther the offshore distance is, the higher the density of larvae. The lower the vertical distribution, the density of larvae is surface layer > middle layer > bottom layer, but there are also certain differences in the distribution of larvae of different species). The following technologies can be superimposed or used individually. The upstream cross-section of the water intake is larger than the downstream cross-section, so as to reduce the water flow rate generated on the upstream side during the water intake process and reduce the suction of early fish resources. ; It is also possible to artificially change the hydrological conditions near the water intake, such as installing a flow direction adjustment device such as a reverse flow pump, so that the direction of the water flow near the water intake is different from that in the water intake. Approaching; the isolation net that blocks the passage of early fish resources is used to isolate the water intake and water source of the water transfer project. The mesh size of the isolation net is selected according to the diameter of the fertilized eggs of the intercepted object, which can be smaller than the diameter of the fertilized eggs. The general range of mesh is between 18-10 mesh and can be selected according to the actual situation. By increasing the area of the mesh body, the effective passing area of the mesh mesh is much larger than the cross-sectional area of the water intake, so as to prevent the impact on the passage of the water body. The body can be directly composed of hard elastic materials or soft materials supported by keels. The mesh body can be modeled on the structural design of the cerebral cortex, that is, the spatial volume of the mesh body can be appropriately reduced by folds (non-linear arrangement), but it does not affect its effectiveness. In order to avoid the blocking effect of the growth of sessile algae on the mesh, a certain number of organisms (such as some snails or licking fish) that lick the sessile algae can be placed on the downstream side of the net body, and if necessary, also Organisms that lick sessile algae can be placed on both the upstream side and the downstream side. In order to prevent the escape of the selected creatures, a layer of anti-escape mesh can be added on the downstream side of the mesh to form a closed space together with the isolation mesh that blocks the passage of early fish resources. On the premise that the licking creatures cannot escape, choose a large size as much as possible to reduce the impact on the passage of water. It should be noted that after the design elements such as licking creatures and anti-escape mesh are added, the effective passing area of the mesh is still much larger than the cross-sectional area of the water intake. When the selected organism is an invasive organism such as a scavenger, while effectively preventing its escape, it can be selected from three aspects: single sex, gonadal castration or all individuals have not reached sexual maturity, to prevent the use of reproduction during the application process. To generate new ecological and environmental problems, it should be pointed out that the isolation net that blocks the passage of early fish resources can also be used in the water delivery channels of water transfer projects.

The developmental interception subsystem mainly includes: head-end driving off blocking device, end driving off blocking device, mobile driving off blocking device, and may also include a fish ladder (fishway) for the return of early fish resources. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a device for protecting fish resources in the water transfer project of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10 , at the water intake 1002 of the water source 1001, a head-end driving off blocking device 1003 is provided, and a terminal driving off blocking device 1004 is provided at a predetermined distance downstream of the head-end driving off blocking device 1003. Between the end driving off blocking devices 1004, a mobile driving off blocking device 1005 is provided.

Determine the smallest blocker body type that can effectively intercept fish resources according to the driving and interception technology used (fish resources can be limited to a specific single species, or multiple or all species), and groups of this size and above are called fish. The development time for fish resources to develop from the initial fertilized eggs to the smallest barrier body size is determined, and this time period is referred to as the minimum interception development time of fish resources, and the objects at this stage are collectively referred to as the fish resources. return groups;

The head-end driving and blocking device is selected as follows according to the actual situation: it is set at the connection between the rivers and lakes as the water source and the water conveyance channel, that is, the head end of the water conveyance channel, or it can be set before the water conveyance channel, and its function is to separate the fish. Similar resource blocking groups and fish resources returning groups, to prevent the continued spread of fish resources blocking groups along the water transfer project; the space between the head-end driving and blocking device and the end driving-off blocking device is called the effective fish resources return group The development interval, the distance between the two is obtained as follows: according to the maximum flow rate (V) of the water body and the minimum interception development time (T) of the fish resources and the maximum autonomous swimming distance of the fish resources returning groups during this time. (ΔS) Determine the effective developmental interval distance (S) of the returning population of fish resources, that is, S=V*T+ΔS. Through the growth and development within this distance, the development standard of the smallest individual of the fish resource returning group has also reached the standard of the blocking group, and the terminal drive and blocking device are used to prevent it from continuing to move downstream along the water transfer project. In order to achieve the purpose of step-by-step interception of returning groups, a number of fixed expulsion and interception devices can be added within the above-mentioned effective development interval. When part or all of the returning population develops into a blocking population, the movable driving-away intercepting device starts from the fixed driving-away intercepting device at the end of the effective development interval of the fish resource returning population or a certain position upstream of it along the water diversion. The water channel of the project is advanced in the opposite direction, expelling the individuals that have developed into a blocking group and returning them to the water source. The movable drive-away interception device includes a moving platform and a drive-away unit, and the drive-off unit is used to drive the fish resources back to the water source by using the moving platform to move from the position of the end drive-off and stop device or from the position on the upstream side. Return to the water source. It can also be that it is not completely driven along the water conveyance channel, but is driven to the fish ladder (fishway) for the return of the early fish resources, and finally makes it return to the original water bodies such as rivers and lakes. Here, the fish ladder or fishway connects the water conveyance channel with the water source, and its length can be appropriately selected according to actual needs. The return trip can be carried out entirely in the water channel, or completely in the fish ladder or fish pass, or after a section in the convey channel, it can be transferred to the upstream fish ladder or fish pass and finally returned to the water source. During the implementation process, attention should be paid to reasonably grasp the suspension and operation of the fixed drive away interception device. Generally, when the movable drive away interception device is a certain distance from the fixed drive away interception device, the fixed drive away interception device will stop running for the interception group to pass through. , when the movable driving and blocking device arrives or just passes the fixed driving and blocking device, the fixed driving and blocking device starts operation again, and finally achieves the purpose of driving off and blocking all groups of the guarded objects. When the dislodging unit uses the intercepting net, the moving platform drives the intercepting net to move to the upstream side along the water conveyance channel, and the cross-sectional shape of the intercepting net corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the water conveying channel.

What needs to be added is that, in order to improve the pertinence and efficiency of the device and method, effective operation can be carried out in the breeding season of fish resources in the water intake river or for a specific target species, effective operation can be carried out in its breeding season. In order to shorten the effective development interval of the fish resource returning group and reduce the interception specification of the blocking group, it can be used as an added technical element. During the design and construction of the cross-regional water transfer project, a slow flow is constructed before the end drives away the blocking device. In the hydrological environment, especially the hydrological environment with slow surface flow, the technical means that can be used are to adjust the cross-sectional area of the water conveyance channel before the end drive away from the blocking device, especially the width corresponding to the upper surface layer of the water body is obviously larger than that here. The width corresponding to the upper surface layer of the water body downstream can also be achieved by other engineering techniques. This is because the living environment of the early fish resources, especially the newly hatched larvae, is mostly the slow-flowing surface water body of some river banks, which is usually the best choice for its environment. The distance of the interval is naturally shortened, and the body size of the species with effective resistance to the flow rate at low flow rate will also be reduced, which shortens the requirements for species growth time. .

Claims (17)

1. A method for protecting fish resources in water diversion engineering is characterized in that,

the method comprises the following steps:

separating a fish resource to be protected into a fish resource blocking population and a fish resource returning population at a water intake port of a water diversion works by a head end barrier device so that the fish resource blocking population is retained in a water source upstream of the water intake port and the fish resource returning population is propagated to a water transport passage downstream of the water intake port;

calculating the farthest propagation distance of the fish resources in the water delivery channel from the development of fertilized eggs to the minimum barrier body type according to the minimum barrier body type of the fish resources, wherein the maximum flow speed of the water body is set as V, the minimum blocking development time of the fish resources is set as T, the autonomous farthest swimming distance of the fish resources returning to the colony in the minimum blocking development time is set as Delta S, the farthest propagation distance is set as S, and S = V T + [ Delta ] S;

preventing the fish resource loopback population from propagating downstream by using a tail end repelling and blocking device at the position or downstream which is the farthest propagation distance away from the head end repelling and blocking device; and

and driving the fish resource returning colony from the position of the tail end driving-away blocking device or the position on the upstream side of the tail end driving-away blocking device to a water source by using a movable driving-away blocking device to return the fish resource returning colony to the water source, wherein when the movable driving-away blocking device is away from the head end driving-away blocking device by a certain distance, the head end driving-away blocking device stops running to allow the fish resource returning colony to pass through, and when the movable driving-away blocking device reaches or just passes through the head end driving-away blocking device, the head end driving-away blocking device starts running again.

2. The method for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 1,

the step of propelling the returning population of fish resources from the position of the end-drive arresting device or the position of the upstream side thereof to the water source by means of the movable drive-away arresting device to return it to the water source comprises:

driving the fish resource returning colony along a fish ladder or a fish channel for returning the fish resources by using a movable driving and intercepting device to return the fish resources to the water source; or,

driving the fish resource returning population back to the water source in a reverse direction along the water delivery path using a movable drive away intercept unit; or,

and driving the fish resource returning colony reversely along the water delivery channel by using a movable driving and intercepting device to the fish ladder or the fish channel, and further driving the fish resource returning colony along the fish ladder or the fish channel to return to the water source.

3. The method for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 1 or 2,

and when the movable driving-away intercepting device is close to the head-end driving-away arresting device, closing the head-end driving-away arresting device.

4. The method for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 1 or 2,

the movable driving and intercepting device drives and separates the fish resource returning colony by at least one of sound waves, light waves, a bubble curtain and an intercepting net.

5. The method for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 1 or 2,

the head end drive-off blocking device and the tail end drive-off blocking device block the fish resource blocking groups by at least one of sound waves, light waves, a bubble curtain and an interception net.

6. A device for protecting fish resources in water diversion engineering, which is characterized in that,

the method comprises the following steps:

a head end dislodging/blocking device provided at a water intake port of a water diversion works, for separating a fish resource to be protected into a fish resource blocking population and a fish resource returning population so that the fish resource blocking population is retained in a water source upstream of the water intake port and the fish resource returning population is propagated to a water transport passage downstream of the water intake port;

a tail end driving and stopping device which is arranged in the water conveying channel and is at the position or downstream of the farthest propagation distance in the water conveying channel from the fertilized ovum development of the fish resource to the minimum barrier body type which can be stopped by the tail end driving and stopping device, and is used for preventing the fish resource stopping group from propagating downstream, wherein the maximum flow velocity of the water body is set as V, the minimum stopping and developing time of the fish resource is set as T, the autonomous farthest swimming distance of the fish resource returning group in the minimum stopping and developing time is set as Delta S, the farthest propagation distance is set as S, and S = V T +. DELTA.S is calculated; and

a movable repelling and intercepting device which is provided with a movable platform and a repelling unit, and utilizes the repelling unit to repel the fish resource returning group to the water source and return the fish resource returning group to the water source while utilizing the movable platform to move from the position of the tail end repelling and intercepting device or the position at the upstream side of the tail end repelling and intercepting device,

when the movable driving-away intercepting device is a certain distance away from the head-end driving-away arresting device, the head-end driving-away arresting device stops running to allow the fish resources to pass back to the colony, and when the movable driving-away intercepting device reaches or just passes through the head-end driving-away arresting device, the head-end driving-away arresting device starts running again.

7. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 6,

further comprising:

a fish ladder or fishway connecting the water source and the water delivery channel for returning the fish resource obstructing population from the water delivery channel to the water source,

the end point of the fish ladder or the fish way is positioned at the water source, and the starting point of the fish ladder or the fish way is positioned at the tail end driving and stopping device or in the water conveying channel at the upstream side of the tail end driving and stopping device.

8. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 6 or 7,

the intake port has a shape in which a cross-sectional area decreases from an upstream side to a downstream side.

9. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 6 or 7,

a flow direction adjusting device for making the water flow direction near the water intake different from the water flow direction in the water intake is arranged near the water intake.

10. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 6 or 7,

the head end driving and blocking device comprises an intercepting net, and the effective passing area of meshes of the intercepting net is larger than the cross sectional area of the water intake.

11. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 10,

and the meshes of the interception net are determined according to the fertilized egg diameters of the fish resources.

12. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 10,

and organisms licking the sessile algae are thrown at the downstream side of the interception net.

13. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 12,

also comprises an escape-preventing net for preventing the organism licking the sessile algae from escaping.

14. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 12,

the organism licking the sessile algae has at least one of the characteristics of single sex, gonadal castration or sexual maturity of all individuals.

15. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 6 or 7,

in the portion of the water transport passage on the upstream side of the end dislodging arresting means, the water flow rate is smaller than the water flow rate downstream thereof.

16. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 15,

in the part of the water delivery channel, which is closer to the upstream side than the tail end dislodging and blocking device, the width corresponding to the upper surface layer of the water body is larger than the width corresponding to the upper surface layer of the water body at the downstream position.

17. The apparatus for protecting fish resources in water diversion works according to claim 6 or 7,

the movable driving and separating intercepting device comprises an intercepting net, and the cross section shape of the intercepting net is matched with that of the water delivery channel.

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