CN111436273B

CN111436273B - Shearing device of garlic harvester

Info

Publication number: CN111436273B
Application number: CN202010342639.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张全忠
Original assignee: Xuzhou Tengersheng Machinery Equipment Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Xuzhou Tengersheng Machinery Equipment Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-27
Filing date: 2020-04-27
Publication date: 2024-07-30
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-27
Also published as: CN111436273A

Abstract

The invention discloses a shearing device of a garlic harvester, which comprises soil and garlic separating mechanisms arranged on two symmetrical side plates, wherein the soil and garlic separating mechanisms are provided with a positioning mechanism, a whisker shearing mechanism and a stem shearing mechanism; the soil and garlic separating mechanism comprises a chain lifting unit for clamping garlic for transmission, the soil and garlic separating mechanism is arranged on the tractor through two symmetrically arranged side plates, and the positioning mechanism is used for positioning the garlic in the process of lifting the garlic; the beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame; the stem cutting mechanism comprises two overlapped blades, and the two overlapped blades are reversely rotated. The invention utilizes the structure that one end of the chain lifting unit is fixed and the other end is suspended, so that the garlic is more stable when being clamped, and the structure is matched with the beard cutting mechanism, thereby being capable of adapting to the change of the garlic size and ensuring that the beard cutting mechanism can accurately catch the garlic beards.

Description

Shearing device of garlic harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a shearing device of a garlic harvester.

Background

When harvesting garlic, the garlic head and the garlic seedling are required to be broken in order to ensure the integrity of the garlic head and the garlic seedling. The currently adopted garlic harvesting mode mainly comprises manual soil breaking by a shovel blade and soil breaking by mechanical equipment, and the manual soil breaking is adopted, so that the labor intensity is high;

In addition, harvesting garlic is not simply taking out the garlic from a soil layer, a series of operations such as subsequent cutting of beards, cutting of stems and the like are also involved, and finally the garlic is obtained, but the existing basic principle is that the garlic stems are clamped and conveyed by using a clamping mechanism and then conveyed to a collecting place, the operation of cutting the beards and the stems in the process of harvesting the garlic is lacked, and the garlic harvesting machine is further subject to the special condition of the garlic, namely the garlic has larger garlic, the requirement on the clamping mechanism is higher in the process of clamping and conveying, and if the clamping is not stable enough, the probability of falling the garlic is very high, and waste is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a shearing device of a garlic harvester, which utilizes a structure that one end of a chain lifting unit is fixed and the other end is suspended, so that the garlic harvester is more stable when being clamped, the flexible clamping can adapt to impact caused by uneven external pavement so as to reduce the probability of falling garlic, and the shearing device is matched with a beard shearing mechanism so as to adapt to the change of the size of the garlic, so that the beard shearing mechanism can accurately capture garlic beards and further perform beard shearing work.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

The invention provides a shearing device of a garlic harvester, which comprises soil and garlic separating mechanisms arranged on two symmetrical side plates, wherein the soil and garlic separating mechanisms are provided with a positioning mechanism, a whisker shearing mechanism and a stem shearing mechanism;

The soil and garlic separating mechanism comprises a chain lifting unit for clamping garlic for transmission, the soil and garlic separating mechanism is arranged on a tractor through two symmetrically arranged side plates, the chain lifting unit comprises two parallel lifting chains with opposite directions and four lifting chain wheels positioned at two ends of the two lifting chains, the lifting chains are obliquely arranged, one end of each lifting chain, which is close to the ground, is a fixed end, and one end of each lifting chain, which is far away from the ground, is a floating end; the two sides of the lifting chains, which are close to each other, are tightly attached together and are used for clamping the stems of garlic;

The positioning mechanism is used for positioning in the process that the garlic is lifted, and comprises positioning wheels capable of moving oppositely or moving oppositely, the two positioning wheels are opposite in steering, and when the garlic passes through the two positioning wheels, the two positioning wheels clamp the stems of the garlic and enable the garlic to rise in position;

The beard cutting mechanism comprises a guide frame and a blade arranged on the guide frame;

The stem cutting mechanism comprises two overlapped blades, and the two overlapped blades are reversely rotated.

Preferably, the positioning wheels are columnar, a plurality of notches which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed in the outer wall of the positioning wheels, the two positioning wheels are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains, the positioning wheels are rotatably arranged on the positioning cylinders, and a first motor for driving the positioning wheels to rotate is arranged at the end part, far away from the positioning wheels, of the positioning cylinder;

the locating cylinder is fixed on the chain lifting unit through a hinge, one end of the hinge is fixed on the locating cylinder, the other end of the hinge is fixed on the chain lifting unit, and a tensioning spring is arranged between the locating cylinder and the chain lifting unit.

Preferably, one end of the positioning wheel, which is far away from the positioning cylinder, is conical, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel is larger than that of the positioning cylinder, and the projection of the shell of the first motor on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder.

Preferably, a conical guide groove is formed in the guide frame, a second motor for driving the blade to rotate is fixed on one side of the guide groove, and the guide frame is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam.

Preferably, two lifting chain wheels of the chain lifting unit, which are close to the ground, are respectively fixed on a cross beam through a first fixing rod, and the cross beam is fixed between two side plates;

The two lifting chain wheels far away from the ground float relative to the side plates through a floating rod respectively, a connecting rod mechanism is arranged on the floating rod, and the connecting rod mechanism is fixed between the two side plates through a cross beam;

The connecting rod mechanism comprises a floating sleeve rotationally connected with the floating rod, a second connecting rod and a rotatable T-shaped connecting rod are fixed on the floating sleeve, a first connecting rod rotationally connected with the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod, far away from the floating sleeve, is arranged at the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod, and the first connecting rod is fixed on the cross beam;

the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are all on the same plane;

The first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod are respectively provided with an adjusting bolt in a threaded manner, the adjusting bolts on the first connecting rod are propped against the T-shaped connecting rod, and the adjusting bolts on the T-shaped connecting rod are propped against the second connecting rod;

a traction spring is arranged between the cross beam fixedly connected with the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod, and two ends of the traction spring are respectively fixed with the cross beam and the T-shaped connecting rod.

Preferably, the chain lifting unit further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning columns respectively positioned in the middle of the two lifting chains, one end of each tensioning column is fixed with a corresponding first fixing rod, and the other end of each tensioning column is connected with a cross beam through a second fixing rod and fixed between the two side plates;

The two similar sides of tensioning post are fixed with a first shell fragment respectively, and two the looks distal side of tensioning post is fixed with a second shell fragment respectively, first shell fragment with between the tensioning post, the second shell fragment with all be provided with a plurality of evenly distributed's supporting spring between the tensioning post, first shell fragment with the second shell fragment is all pasted tightly on the promotion chain.

Preferably, the tensioning column is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting chain wheels, the supporting chain wheels are provided with waist-shaped grooves, limiting columns fixed on the tensioning column are arranged in the waist-shaped grooves, the supporting chain wheels are in sliding connection with the limiting columns, springs are also fixed in the waist-shaped grooves, one ends of the springs are fixed on the limiting columns, and the other ends of the springs are abutted against the waist-shaped grooves;

The tensioning column is provided with a plurality of first elastic pieces, the number of the first elastic pieces on the same tensioning column is one more than that of the supporting chain wheels, and the first elastic pieces are distributed with the supporting chain wheels alternately.

Preferably, the two blades of the stem cutting mechanism are respectively fixed on the two floating rods of the chain lifting unit through an adjusting sleeve, and bolts are assembled on the adjusting sleeve in a threaded manner and abutted against the floating rods;

The blades of the stem cutting mechanism and the blades of the whisker cutting mechanism are regular hexagonal thin-sheet cutters.

Preferably, the soil and garlic separating mechanism further comprises a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate, wherein the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel coaxially rotating with the floating rod, and the two driving chain wheels are respectively positioned in two parallel planes; a speed reducer is fixed on one of the side plates, and a driving chain for driving the driving chain wheel to rotate is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer; the two sides of the driving chain wheel are also fixed with a supporting frame, and a third elastic sheet which is tightly attached to the driving chain is fixed on the supporting frame.

Preferably, the shearing device further comprises a cleaning unit arranged below the positioning mechanism, the cleaning unit comprises a rotatable cleaning barrel brush, two ends of the cleaning barrel brush are provided with rotating shafts rotatably connected with the two side plates, and one end of one rotating shaft extends out of the side plate and is fixedly provided with a belt pulley.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The invention uses the structure that one end of the chain lifting unit is fixed and the other end is suspended, so that the garlic is more stable when being clamped, the flexible clamping can adapt to the impact caused by uneven external pavement, vibration of vehicles and the like, a certain buffering effect can be started, the impact force of the garlic in the transmission process is reduced, and the probability of garlic falling is further reduced; in addition, the suspension type structure also provides a structural foundation for the subsequent whisker cutting operation, can be matched with a whisker cutting mechanism, and can adapt to the change of the size of garlic, so that the whisker cutting mechanism can accurately catch the garlic whisker, and further performs the whisker cutting operation;

(2) The invention ensures that the harvesting of garlic is a combined harvesting by arranging the beard cutting mechanism and the stem cutting mechanism, namely, the one-stop operation of separating from soil loosening, soil garlic, cutting beard, cutting stems and returning to a bin is realized, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced; meanwhile, under the action of the positioning mechanism, the garlic can be lifted before the beard and stem are cut, so that the garlic is positioned more accurately, the beard and stem are cut accurately subsequently, and then the regular garlic is obtained.

(3) According to the garlic clamping device, garlic is clamped by means of the two chains, the characteristics that the two chains are opposite in rotation direction are utilized, the two chains at the clamping position are always in a tensioning state, the clamping effect of the garlic is guaranteed, meanwhile, the chains are tensioned by means of the elastic sheets, the clamping length of the garlic can be increased, the clamping force of the garlic can be kept in the clamping and conveying process, and the garlic falling probability is further reduced.

(4) According to the invention, the supporting chain wheel is arranged on the chain, so that the supporting chain wheel can play a part in tensioning, and can be matched with the floating of the chain lifting unit to support the chain, so that the supporting point of the chain in the transmission direction is increased, the length of the chain is further shortened indirectly, the falling phenomenon of the long-distance chain caused by dead weight is reduced, and the phenomenon of tripping of the chain and the chain wheel is avoided.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure in which a plurality of sprocket lifting units and a plurality of soil scooping units are provided on a side plate;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a plurality of shovel units and a plurality of sprocket lifting units;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a positioning mechanism;

FIG. 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the beard cutting mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the stem cutting mechanism;

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a linkage and a float rod;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a partial top view of the chain lifting unit;

FIG. 11 is a partial bottom view of the chain lifting unit;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of the portion B in fig. 11;

Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of a portion C in fig. 11;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a chain drive mechanism;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a plurality of shovel units;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the shoveling unit;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a guide bar and chain lifting unit;

fig. 19 is a schematic view of the tractor and fig. 1.

Reference numerals illustrate: the cleaning device comprises a 1-side plate, a 11-supporting arm, a 12-driving cylinder, a 2-soil shoveling unit, a 21-moving blade support, a 211-moving blade guide sleeve, a 212-moving blade push rod, a 22-moving blade bar, a 221-moving blade, a 23-hinging rod, a 24-moving blade driving shaft, a 25-eccentric wheel, a 26-bearing, a 3-chain lifting unit, a 31-connecting rod mechanism, a 311-floating sleeve, a 312-first connecting rod, a 313-T-shaped connecting rod, a 314-second connecting rod, a 315-adjusting bolt, a 316-traction spring, a 32-first fixed rod, a 33-floating rod, a 34-second fixed rod, a 35-lifting chain, a 36-lifting chain wheel, a 37-driving chain wheel, a 38-supporting chain wheel, 381-waist-shaped groove, 382-limiting column, 39-tensioning column, 391-first elastic sheet, 392-second elastic sheet, 393-supporting spring, a 4-chain transmission mechanism, a 41-speed reducer, a 42-supporting frame, a 43-third elastic sheet, a 5-positioning mechanism, a 51-positioning cylinder, a 52-positioning wheel, a 521-notch, a 53-first motor, a 54-guiding rod, a 55-guiding rod, a 6-611, a 6-guiding rod, a 7-guiding rod, a 8-guiding rod, a horizontal brush, a cleaning device, a transverse brush guide rail, a 8-guiding device, a transverse brush, a guide frame and a 8-guiding device, a guide rail.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Examples:

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a cutting device of a garlic harvester, which comprises a soil and garlic separating mechanism arranged on two symmetrical side plates 1, wherein the soil and garlic separating mechanism is provided with a positioning mechanism 5, a whisker cutting mechanism 6 and a stem cutting mechanism 7.

In combination with fig. 1, the soil and garlic separating mechanism is installed on a tractor through two symmetrically arranged side plates 1 (as shown in fig. 19), a rotatable supporting arm 11 is arranged on the side plate 1, the supporting arm 11 is fixed on the tractor, a driving cylinder 12 is arranged between the supporting arm 11 and the side plate 1, a cylinder body and an extending end of the driving cylinder 12 are respectively connected with the supporting arm 11 and the side plate 1 in a rotating way, and the driving cylinder 12 stretches and contracts to realize the rotation of the side plate 1.

The soil and garlic separating mechanism comprises a chain lifting unit 3 for clamping garlic for transmission, the chain lifting unit 3 is used for conveying garlic into a collecting box, the collecting box is arranged on a tractor, a conveyor belt 7 is arranged at the tail end of the chain lifting unit 3, then the lifted garlic is conveyed into the collecting box through the conveyor belt 7, and one chain lifting unit 3 can only harvest one row of garlic, so that the harvesting efficiency is improved.

As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic view of two chain lifting units 3, one chain lifting unit 3 includes two lifting chains 35 which are parallel and opposite in direction and four lifting sprockets 36 positioned at both ends of the two lifting chains 35, the lifting chains 35 are obliquely arranged, one end of the lifting chains 35 close to the ground is a fixed end, and one end of the lifting chains 35 away from the ground is a floating end (in the present application, the fixed end and the floating end refer to the plane in which the lifting sprockets 36 are fixed and floating, and do not refer to the fact that the lifting sprockets 36 are themselves fixed, and are also rotatable); the two lifting chains 35 are closely attached to each other at the side close to each other and used for clamping the stems of garlic; namely, garlic is clamped by the reverse rotation of the two lifting chains 35 and the lifting chains 35 are utilized for clamping; the floating arrangement ensures that the chain lifting unit 3 can generate a buffering effect in the lifting process, and the flexible clamping can adapt to the impact caused by uneven external pavement, vehicle vibration and the like, so that the probability of garlic falling is reduced; if both ends adopt rigid structures, namely, the lifting chain wheels 36 at both ends of the lifting chain 35 are limited and cannot float, when external impact force acts, for example, road surface jolts, the two ends of the lifting chain 35 cannot float and are equivalent to directly acting on the lifting chain 35, so that most impact force is transferred to the chain to influence the clamping of the lifting chain 35, and a floating structure is adopted, when the external force acts, the floating structure can absorb a part of force to act on the floating end, so that the impact force born by the whole chain is reduced, and the probability of garlic falling is further reduced;

In addition, the floating arrangement enables one end of the lifting chain 35 to form a certain distance for adjustment, and considering that the following need of cutting beards and stems is also needed for garlic, when the garlic is cut, the blade needs to be accurately positioned at the position of the garlic beards, therefore, a guide structure (namely, the guide frame 61 in the beard cutting mechanism 6) needs to be arranged, the root of the garlic is attached to the guide frame 6, the blade 8 is arranged on the guide frame 6, and then the accurate position of the garlic beards is accurately captured for cutting beards, due to different sizes of the garlic, when the garlic is encountered, the garlic contacts the guide frame 61, the garlic can lift the chain 35 under the action of the guide frame 61, if one end of the lifting chain 35 is limited and can not float, the garlic can not lift, and the garlic can not stop before even fall; the floating arrangement also provides a structural basis for subsequent garlic processing; in addition, garlic is smaller, so that in actual operation, the limiting position of the descending of the floating end can be properly regulated to be lower, for example, the outer diameter of most of garlic is 50mm, so that the garlic can only pass through about 45mm when the floating end is at the lowest position, and the garlic passing through 50mm needs to be lifted up and down, so that most of garlic can be accurately cut.

Further, with reference to fig. 2 and 3, two lifting sprockets 36 near the ground are respectively fixed to the cross beam 10 by a first fixing rod 32, the lifting sprockets 36 are rotatably disposed on the first fixing rod 36, and the cross beam 10 is fixed between the two side plates 1; i.e. the fixed end of the chain lifting unit 3 is fixed with the side plate 1 by a first fixed rod 32;

Two lifting chain wheels 36 far away from the ground float relative to the side plates 1 through a floating rod 33 respectively, the lifting chain wheels 36 are rotatably arranged on the floating rod 33, a link mechanism 31 is arranged on the floating rod 33, and the link mechanism 31 is fixed between the two side plates 1 through a cross beam 10; i.e. the floating end of the chain lifting unit 3 is realized by the floating of the floating rod 33;

As shown in fig. 3, 8 and 9, the floating of the floating rod 33 is realized by the link mechanism 31, the link mechanism 31 comprises a floating sleeve 311 rotationally connected with the floating rod 33, namely, the floating sleeve 311 is sleeved on the floating rod 33, in order to ensure the smooth rotation of the floating rod 33, a bearing capable of bearing axial force can be arranged between the floating rod 33 and the floating sleeve 311, the inner ring of the bearing is fixed on the floating rod 33, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed on the inner wall of the floating sleeve 311; the floating sleeve 311 is fixed with a second connecting rod 314 and a rotatable T-shaped connecting rod 313, the end part of the T-shaped connecting rod 313 far away from the floating sleeve 311 is provided with a first connecting rod 312 rotationally connected with the floating sleeve 311, the first connecting rod 312 is fixed on the cross beam 10, and the cross beam 10 is fixed between the two side plates 1;

The first link 312, the second link 314, and the T-shaped link 313 are all on the same plane to ensure that the floating link 33 does not have a degree of freedom in the length direction of the cross beam 10;

the first connecting rod 312 and the T-shaped connecting rod 313 are respectively provided with an adjusting bolt 315 in a threaded manner, the adjusting bolt 315 on the first connecting rod 312 is abutted against the T-shaped connecting rod 313, and the adjusting bolt 315 on the T-shaped connecting rod 313 is abutted against the second connecting rod 314; further, two degrees of freedom of rotation are formed, which, as indicated by arrows in fig. 9, form a rotation with two points a and b as rotation centers;

A traction spring 316 is arranged between the cross beam 10 fixedly connected with the first connecting rod 312 and the T-shaped connecting rod 313, two ends of the traction spring 316 are respectively fixed with the cross beam 10 and the T-shaped connecting rod 313, the traction spring 316 is in a stretching state and is used for leveling the dead weight and other forces (such as friction force), the whole mechanism is obliquely arranged and generates dead weight, so that the floating end of the chain lifting unit 3 wants to float and can overcome external stress, one traction spring 316 needs to be introduced to balance the forces so as to offset the dead weight and other forces, the floating end is easy to swing, the elasticity of the traction spring 316 needs to be reasonably selected according to the actual site in the actual setting process, and the traction spring 316 needs to offset a part of the forces through multiple times of adjustment, therefore, in the actual setting, the elasticity adjustment of the traction spring 316 can be set in an adjustable mode so as to be convenient to adjust, for example, a screw rod can be fixed at one end of the traction spring 316, the screw rod is in threaded connection with the cross beam 10, and the other end is fixed on the T-shaped connecting rod 313, and the depth of the tension spring on the cross beam 10 is adjusted through the adjustment of the screw rod; in addition, since the lifting chain 35 has a certain pre-determined force during the installation process, the corresponding floating rod 33 has two degrees of freedom of rotation, and is limited by the lifting chain 35 during the rotation along the arrow direction in fig. 5, so that the lifting chain 35 can rotate, but has a limit position, and the other limit position is limited by the adjusting bolt 315, so that the floating rod 33 has a certain swinging angle during swinging, the swinging angle is limited by the tensioning of the adjusting bolt 315 and the lifting chain 35, and the adjusting of the adjusting bolt 315 controls the tensioning of the lifting chain 35, so that the adjusting bolt 315 can be finally used for controlling the swinging angle during the actual use process, and the lifting chain wheel 36 of the floating end can be tripped if the lifting chain 36 of the floating end has an excessive floating distance in the vertical direction, so that the floating distance of the lifting chain 35 is preferably controlled within 3 cm.

Although the lifting chains 35 can rely on opposite steering to enable the garlic clamping position to be always in a tensioning state, in order to further improve the clamping effect and reduce the garlic falling rate, as shown in fig. 10-14, the chain lifting unit 3 further comprises a tensioning mechanism, wherein the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning columns 39 respectively positioned in the middle of the two lifting chains 35, one ends of the tensioning columns 39 are fixed with corresponding first fixing rods 32, and the other ends of the tensioning columns 39 are connected with a cross beam 10 through a second fixing rod 34 and fixed between the two side plates 1;

A first elastic piece 391 is fixed on the close side of the two tensioning columns 39 respectively, a second elastic piece 392 is fixed on the far side of the two tensioning columns 39 respectively, the first elastic piece 391 and the second elastic piece 392 are made of sheet manganese steel, and the first elastic piece 391 and the second elastic piece 392 are composed of a straight plate and two symmetrical inclined plates; the first elastic piece 391 and the second elastic piece 392 are both tightly attached to the lifting chain 35; the ends of the tensioning post 39 extend to the lifting sprocket 36 to bring the spring plate into more contact with the lifting chain 35; further, considering that the garlic is clamped by the side of the two lifting chains 35, and the lifting chain wheels 36 are arranged at the two ends of the garlic, in order to make the first elastic piece 391 contact with the lifting chains 35 more, as shown in fig. 12, the included angle between the straight plate and the inclined plate of the first elastic piece 391 is an acute angle, and the included angle between the straight plate and the inclined plate of the second elastic piece 392 can be an obtuse angle or an acute angle because the second elastic piece 392 does not participate in clamping the garlic;

Further, considering that there is a gap between the first elastic piece 391 and the second elastic piece 392 and the tensioning column 39, the elastic pieces cannot be well and fully abutted against the lifting chain 35, so that a plurality of supporting springs 393 are uniformly distributed between the first elastic piece 391 and the tensioning column 39 and between the second elastic piece 392 and the tensioning column 39, so as to increase the action of the elastic pieces and ensure the tensioning effect; it should be noted that, due to the existence of the floating rod 33, the widths of the first elastic piece 391 and the second elastic piece 392 need to be adapted to the floating distance of the floating rod 33, so as to ensure that the lifting chain 35 can be continuously tensioned.

Further, considering that the span of the lifting sprocket 35 is larger, although there is a tensioning mechanism, there is a risk that a certain chain is separated in the floating process of the floating end, in order to further improve the stability of the chain, we add a plurality of supporting sprockets 38 on the basis of the tensioning mechanism of the chain lifting unit 3, as shown in fig. 11 and 14 (fig. 11 only shows a schematic view of adding one supporting sprocket 38), that is, a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting sprockets 38 are arranged on the tensioning post 39, a waist-shaped groove 381 is formed on the supporting sprocket 38, a limit post 382 fixed on the tensioning post 39 is arranged in the waist-shaped groove 381, the supporting sprocket 38 is slidably connected with the limit post 382, a spring is also fixed in the waist-shaped groove 381, one end of the spring is fixed on the limit post 382, and the other end of the spring is abutted in the waist-shaped groove 381, so that the supporting sprocket 38 is abutted against the lifting chain 35;

Because the support sprocket 38 is present, the first elastic piece 391 is disposed on the tensioning column 39 and interferes with the support sprocket 38, so that a plurality of first elastic pieces 391 are disposed on the tensioning column 39 at this time, and the number of the first elastic pieces 391 on the same tensioning column 39 is one more than that of the support sprocket 38, the first elastic pieces 391 are distributed alternately with the support sprocket 38, and the first elastic pieces 391 still adopt a form of a straight plate and an inclined plate with an acute angle so as to increase the contact with the support chain 38; the additional arrangement of the supporting chain wheel 38 can play a part in tensioning on one hand, and on the other hand, the supporting chain 38 can be supported by being matched with the floating of the chain lifting unit 3, so that the supporting point of the lifting chain 38 in the transmission direction is increased, the length of the lifting chain 38 is further shortened indirectly, the falling phenomenon of a long-distance chain due to dead weight is reduced, and the phenomenon of tripping of the chain and the chain wheel is avoided;

In addition, the addition of the supporting chain wheel 38 is equivalent to dividing a complete first elastic piece 391 into a plurality of shorter first elastic pieces 391, so that a vacuum belt (as shown in fig. 14 and h) without tension is generated between the supporting chain wheel 38 and the first elastic piece 391, but the clamping is not greatly influenced, and the clamping force is not insufficient.

For accurate positioning of the beard and stem cutting, in the garlic conveying process, the positions of the garlic stems clamped by the lifting chains 35 are not consistent, so that in order to be unified, we choose to use garlic contact or closer to the lifting chains 35 as unified requirements, and a positioning mechanism 5 is arranged on the chain lifting unit 3, namely:

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the positioning mechanism 5 is used for positioning during the process of lifting the garlic, the positioning mechanism 5 comprises positioning wheels 52 capable of moving in opposite directions or moving in opposite directions (note that the opposite directions or the opposite directions of the positioning wheels 52 refer to the whole movement of the positioning wheels and do not refer to the rotating direction of the positioning wheels, and the opposite directions or the opposite directions can realize clamping and lifting of the garlic), the positioning wheels 52 are columnar, the two positioning wheels 52 rotate at the same speed, the two positioning wheels 52 rotate oppositely, and when the garlic passes through the two positioning wheels 52, the two positioning wheels 52 clamp the stems of the garlic and enable the garlic to rise in position, so that the garlic bulbs can contact or be closer to the lifting chain 35;

The opposite or reverse movement of the positioning wheels 52 is realized through a hinge 54 and a tensioning spring 55, namely, the two positioning wheels 52 are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains 35, the positioning wheels 52 are rotatably arranged on the positioning cylinder 51, and the end part of the positioning cylinder 51 far away from the positioning wheels 52 is provided with a first motor 53 for driving the positioning wheels 52 to rotate;

The positioning cylinder 51 is fixed on the tensioning column 39 on the chain lifting unit 3 through a hinge 54, namely one end of the hinge 54 is fixed on the positioning cylinder 51, the other end of the hinge 54 is fixed on the tensioning column 39 on the chain lifting unit 3, and a tensioning spring 55 is arranged between the positioning cylinder 51 and the chain lifting unit 3; namely, a pivot is formed by the hinge 54, and the two positioning wheels 52 are close to each other under the action of the tensioning spring 55, so that the garlic stems can be lifted up while being clamped by the rotation of the positioning wheels 52;

Further, in order to improve the action effect of the positioning wheel 52, one end of the positioning wheel 52 away from the positioning cylinder 51 is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel 52 is larger than that of the positioning cylinder 51, and the projection of the outer shell of the first motor 53 on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder 51 falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder 51, namely, the outer shell of the first motor 53 is prevented from affecting the transmission of garlic; the outer wall of the positioning wheel 52 can also be coated with a layer of rubber material to improve friction and softness; in addition, it should be noted that the tension force of the tension spring 55 should not be too large, because the garlic is also lifted by the lifting chain 35, if the clamping force of the positioning wheel 52 is too large, the garlic will be pulled and inclined by the pulling of the lifting chain 35, and further, as shown in fig. 5, a plurality of notches 521 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed on the outer wall of the positioning wheel 52, and the notches 521 are arranged, so that when the positioning wheel 52 rotates, a gap is formed at the notches 521 of the two wheels, and the clamping of the garlic is lost, and the pulling of the garlic is reduced, so that the garlic is inclined.

As shown in fig. 6, the beard cutting mechanism 6 comprises a guide frame 61 and a blade 8 arranged on the guide frame 61, wherein the guide frame 61 is fixed between two side plates 1 through a cross beam 10, a conical guide groove 611 is formed on the guide frame 61, and a second motor 62 for driving the blade 8 to rotate is fixed on one side of the guide groove 611; the distance from the guide frame 61 to the lifting chain 35 needs to be reasonably set so as to avoid the too large or too small distance between the guide frame 61 and the lifting chain 35, and the guide frame can refer to the limiting position of the descending of the floating end of the chain lifting unit 3, for example, the outer diameter of most of garlic is 50mm, so that about 45mm of garlic can pass between the guide frame 61 and the lifting chain 35, and about 50mm of garlic can pass through the guide frame and the lifting chain 35, and the garlic can be accurately cut.

As shown in fig. 7, the stem cutting mechanism 7 comprises two overlapped blades 8, the two overlapped blades 8 are turned reversely, the two blades 8 of the stem cutting mechanism 7 are respectively fixed on the two floating rods 33 of the chain lifting unit 3 through an adjusting sleeve 71, the adjusting sleeve 71 is provided with a bolt in a threaded manner, and the bolt is abutted against the floating rods 33, so that the positions of the blades 8 for stem cutting can be adjusted to obtain stem lengths with different lengths; it can thus be seen that the power of the stalk cutting mechanism 7 is obtained from the chain lifting unit 3, since its blade 8 is fixed to the float rod 33, it can rotate together with the float rod 33, and therefore no additional power input is required.

In order to improve the shearing effect, the blades 8 of the stem shearing mechanism 7 and the blades 8 of the whisker shearing mechanism 6 are regular hexagonal thin-sheet cutters, and the blades with the structure can generate cutting force along the radial direction of the blades and further improve the cutting effect relative to the traditional circular blades in the process of rotating at high speed.

Furthermore, as a part of soil is carried on garlic whiskers when the garlic is separated, a cleaning unit is arranged below the positioning mechanism 5 for better whisker cutting, the cleaning unit comprises a rotatable cleaning barrel brush 9, two ends of the cleaning barrel brush 9 are provided with rotating shafts which are rotationally connected with the two side plates 1, and one end of one rotating shaft extends out of the side plate 1 and is fixedly provided with a belt pulley; the brush is arranged on the cleaning barrel brush 8, and it is noted that the rotation direction of the cleaning barrel brush 8 is opposite to the lifting direction of the garlic (as shown in fig. 3, the circular arc arrow), and meanwhile, the brush has certain softness, so that the garlic is prevented from being inclined due to larger resistance to the garlic.

In addition, the soil and garlic separating mechanism further comprises a soil shoveling unit 2, an eccentric mechanism for driving the soil shoveling unit 2 to act and a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain 35 to rotate, wherein the soil shoveling unit 2 is used for separating garlic from a soil layer, and the lifting chain 35 is convenient to capture the garlic.

As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the soil shoveling unit 2 includes a movable blade holder 21, and the movable blade holder 21 is fixed between the two side plates 1 via the cross member 10; a movable cutter guide sleeve 211 is fixed on the movable cutter support 21, a movable cutter push rod 212 capable of sliding is arranged in the movable cutter guide sleeve 211, a movable cutter bar 22 is fixed on the movable cutter push rod 212, and a movable cutter 221 is fixed on the movable cutter bar 22; the soil shoveling is realized by the reciprocating motion of the movable knife 221;

The eccentric mechanism comprises a hinge rod 23 and a movable cutter driving shaft 24, the hinge rod 23 is rotationally connected with a movable cutter push rod 212, an eccentric wheel 25 is fixed on the movable cutter driving shaft 24, and the hinge rod 23 is rotationally connected with the eccentric wheel 25 through a bearing 26; the movable cutter driving shaft 24 is rotatably connected with the two side plates 1, and one end of the movable cutter driving shaft 24 extends out of one side plate 1 and is fixed with a belt pulley; namely, the eccentric wheel 25 makes the hinge rod 23 have radial displacement through the rotation of the movable cutter driving shaft 24, so as to drive the movable cutter push rod 212 to reciprocate, and finally the movable cutter 221 is used for shoveling soil.

As shown in fig. 15, the chain transmission mechanism 4 includes a driving sprocket 37 coaxially rotating with the floating rod 33, in order to realize synchronous and reverse rotation of the two lifting chains 35, the two driving sprockets 37 are respectively located in two parallel planes, that is, by being arranged in a staggered manner, interference between the two driving sprockets is avoided, and transmission is realized by using a speed reducer 41 fixed on the side plate 1, that is, a driving chain is arranged between an output shaft of the speed reducer 41 and the driving sprocket 37 to realize chain transmission, the speed reducer 41 needs to have two output shafts synchronously outputting, and the directions of the two output shafts are opposite, and the speed reducer is a product commonly sold in the market and is not described in detail herein.

Further, in order to improve the operation stability of the chain transmission mechanism 4 and the floating of the floating rod 33, the chain transmission mechanism 4 needs to be provided with a tensioning structure, namely, a structure similar to the chain lifting unit 3 can be adopted, namely, the two sides of the driving sprocket 37 are also fixed with the supporting frame 41, the supporting frame 41 is fixed with the third elastic sheet 43 for being tightly attached to the driving chain, the third elastic sheet 43 is tightly abutted to the driving chain to realize tensioning, the structure of the third elastic sheet 43 is the same as that of the second elastic sheet 392, and a plurality of supporting springs 393 can be further arranged between the third elastic sheet 43 and the supporting frame 41 to improve the tensioning effect; it should be noted that, because the driving sprocket 37 is subject to the action of the floating rod 33, it will also generate a certain floating motion, so the width of the third spring 43 needs to be adapted to the floating distance of the driving sprocket 37 to ensure that the driving chain can be buckled with the driving sprocket 37, and a certain degree of looseness is reserved for the driving chain to adapt to the floating motion when the driving chain is installed in advance.

As shown in fig. 18, in order to better guide the loosened garlic, a guide bar 6 may be fixed to the first fixing bar 32, thereby guiding the garlic into the lifting chain 35.

When the harvester is used, garlic is planted in a plurality of rows, so that a plurality of chain lifting units 3 and a plurality of soil shoveling units 2 can be arranged between the two side plates 1 in actual design, and harvesting efficiency is improved; the shovel soil realizes the power input through the belt pulley on the shovel soil, the belt pulley can introduce power from a tractor through belt transmission, the movable cutter driving shaft 24 rotates to drive the eccentric wheel 25 to rotate so as to drive the movable cutter push rod 212 to reciprocate, so that the movable cutter 221 reciprocates to realize the shovel soil, and meanwhile, the driving cylinder 12 can adjust the relative height of the side plate 1 relative to the ground to realize the depth of the movable cutter 221 entering the soil; after the garlic is shoveled, the garlic is loosened, and is guided to the lifting chain 35 by the guide rod 6 along with the advancing of the tractor, and is clamped and lifted, and the lifting chain 35 synchronously rotates through two driving chain wheels 37 with staggered heights; in the process of lifting garlic, when the garlic passes through the positioning mechanism 5, the garlic stems are captured by the positioning wheels 52 through the rotation of the positioning wheels 52 so as to lift the garlic stems upwards, so that the garlic bulbs contact the lifting chain 35 or are closer to the lifting chain 35, and in the process of lifting the positioning wheels 52, the garlic stems are not continuously clamped by the positioning wheels by utilizing the notch 521 on the positioning wheels, so that the condition of inclination in the process of conveying the garlic is reduced, and meanwhile, the cleaning barrel brush 9 rotates so as to clean soil on garlic whiskers, so that the garlic whiskers are easier to cut later; in addition, the supporting chain wheels 38 form a plurality of supporting points on the large-span lifting chain 35, so that the transition sagging of the lifting chain 35 is prevented, and meanwhile, the floating end of the chain lifting unit 3 forms tiny swing in the garlic lifting process, so that buffering is generated, the impact is reduced, and the garlic falling probability is reduced; when the garlic moves to the beard cutting mechanism 6, most of the garlic contacts the guide frame 61 (a small amount of very small garlic bulbs are removed) under the action of the guide frame 61, and the floating rod 33 is matched, so that the root of the garlic can pass through the beard cutting blade 8 more accurately, and most of the garlic can be cut accurately; when the garlic moves to the stem cutting mechanism 7, under the rotation of the two overlapped blades 8, the garlic stems are cut off, and the positions of the blades 8 for stem cutting can be changed by utilizing the adjusting sleeve 71 to obtain different stem lengths; when the garlic is cut, a conveyor belt 7 can be arranged below the floating rod 33, and when the garlic is separated from the lifting chain 35, the garlic can fall on the conveyor belt 7 and then is conveyed into a collecting box arranged on a tractor through the conveyor belt 7, so that one-stop operation of separating from the loose soil and the garlic, cutting the beards, cutting the stems and returning to a bin is realized.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. The shearing device of the garlic harvester is characterized by comprising soil and garlic separating mechanisms arranged on two symmetrical side plates, wherein the soil and garlic separating mechanisms are provided with a positioning mechanism, a whisker shearing mechanism and a stem shearing mechanism;

the stem cutting mechanism comprises two overlapped blades, and the two overlapped blades are opposite in direction;

The positioning wheels are columnar, a plurality of notches which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are formed in the outer wall of the positioning wheels, the two positioning wheels are respectively positioned above the two lifting chains, the positioning wheels are rotatably arranged on a positioning cylinder, and a first motor for driving the positioning wheels to rotate is arranged at the end part of the positioning cylinder, which is far away from the positioning wheels;

The positioning cylinder is fixed on the chain lifting unit through a hinge, one end of the hinge is fixed on the positioning cylinder, the other end of the hinge is fixed on the chain lifting unit, and a tensioning spring is arranged between the positioning cylinder and the chain lifting unit;

Two lifting chain wheels of the chain lifting unit, which are close to the ground, are respectively fixed on a cross beam through a first fixing rod, and the cross beam is fixed between two side plates;

A traction spring is arranged between the cross beam fixedly connected with the first connecting rod and the T-shaped connecting rod, and two ends of the traction spring are respectively fixed with the cross beam and the T-shaped connecting rod;

The chain lifting unit further comprises a tensioning mechanism, the tensioning mechanism comprises two tensioning columns respectively positioned in the middle of the two lifting chains, one end of each tensioning column is fixed with a corresponding first fixing rod, and the other end of each tensioning column is connected with a cross beam through a second fixing rod and fixed between the two side plates;

A first elastic piece is fixed on the close side of the two tensioning columns respectively, a second elastic piece is fixed on the far side of the two tensioning columns respectively, a plurality of supporting springs which are uniformly distributed are arranged between the first elastic piece and the tensioning column and between the second elastic piece and the tensioning column, and the first elastic piece and the second elastic piece are tightly attached to the lifting chain;

The tensioning device comprises a tensioning column, wherein a plurality of uniformly distributed supporting chain wheels are arranged on the tensioning column, a waist-shaped groove is formed in the supporting chain wheels, a limiting column fixed on the tensioning column is arranged in the waist-shaped groove, the supporting chain wheels are in sliding connection with the limiting column, a spring is further fixed in the waist-shaped groove, one end of the spring is fixed on the limiting column, and the other end of the spring is abutted against the waist-shaped groove;

the tensioning columns are provided with a plurality of first elastic pieces, the number of the first elastic pieces on the same tensioning column is one more than that of the supporting chain wheels, and the first elastic pieces and the supporting chain wheels are distributed at intervals;

The soil and garlic separating mechanism further comprises a soil shoveling unit and a chain transmission mechanism for driving the lifting chain to rotate, and the soil shoveling unit is used for separating garlic from a soil layer; the chain transmission mechanism comprises driving chain wheels which rotate coaxially with the floating rod, and the two driving chain wheels are respectively positioned in two parallel planes; a speed reducer is fixed on one of the side plates, and a driving chain for driving the driving chain wheel to rotate is arranged on an output shaft of the speed reducer; the two sides of the driving chain wheel are also fixed with a supporting frame, and a third elastic sheet which is tightly attached to the driving chain is fixed on the supporting frame.

2. A garlic harvesting machine cutting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end of the positioning wheel remote from the positioning cylinder is tapered, the outer diameter of the positioning wheel is larger than the outer diameter of the positioning cylinder, and the projection of the housing of the first motor on the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder falls into the bottom surface of the positioning cylinder.

3. A cutting device of a garlic harvester as in claim 1, wherein the guide frame is provided with a tapered guide slot, one side of which is fixed with a second motor for driving the blade to rotate, and the guide frame is fixed between the two side plates by a cross beam.

4. A cutting device of a garlic harvester as in claim 1, wherein the two blades of the stem cutting mechanism are respectively fixed to the two floating rods of the chain lifting unit through an adjusting sleeve, and the adjusting sleeve is provided with a bolt in a threaded manner, and the bolt is abutted against the floating rods;

5. The shearing device of a garlic harvester as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a cleaning unit disposed below the positioning mechanism, the cleaning unit comprising a rotatable cleaning barrel brush, two ends of the cleaning barrel brush being provided with rotating shafts rotatably connected to the two side plates, one end of one of the rotating shafts extending beyond the side plate and being fixed with a pulley.