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CN111433058A - 用于机动车的减震器的附加弹簧以及用于机动车的减震器的减震支承装置 - Google Patents

用于机动车的减震器的附加弹簧以及用于机动车的减震器的减震支承装置 Download PDF

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CN111433058A
CN111433058A CN201880078575.1A CN201880078575A CN111433058A CN 111433058 A CN111433058 A CN 111433058A CN 201880078575 A CN201880078575 A CN 201880078575A CN 111433058 A CN111433058 A CN 111433058A
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elastomer body
additional spring
spring
shock absorber
shock
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CN111433058B (zh
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A·罗斯
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/22—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only
    • B60G11/24—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only characterised by means specially adapted for attaching the spring to axle or sprung part of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/019—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof
    • B60G17/01941—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof characterised by the use of piezoelectric elements, e.g. sensors or actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
    • F16F1/374—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape having a spherical or the like shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
    • F16F3/087—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material
    • F16F3/093—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material the springs being of different materials, e.g. having different types of rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
    • F16F3/087—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material
    • F16F3/093—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material the springs being of different materials, e.g. having different types of rubber
    • F16F3/0935—Units comprising several springs made of plastics or the like material the springs being of different materials, e.g. having different types of rubber and being of the same shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/062—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper
    • B60G15/063—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper characterised by the mounting of the spring on the damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/062—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper
    • B60G15/066—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper the spring being different from a coil spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/14—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber
    • B60G2202/143—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber subjected to compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/128—Damper mount on vehicle body or chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/45—Stops limiting travel
    • B60G2204/4502—Stops limiting travel using resilient buffer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/45—Stops limiting travel
    • B60G2204/4502—Stops limiting travel using resilient buffer
    • B60G2204/45021—Stops limiting travel using resilient buffer for limiting upper mount movement of a McPherson strut
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/71—Light weight materials
    • B60G2206/7104—Thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/71—Light weight materials
    • B60G2206/7104—Thermoplastics
    • B60G2206/71043—Polyamid elastomer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/73—Rubber; Elastomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/50—Pressure
    • B60G2400/51—Pressure in suspension unit
    • B60G2400/512—Pressure in suspension unit in spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2401/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60G2401/10—Piezoelectric elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/025—Elastomers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/08—Sensor arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2234/00—Shape
    • F16F2234/08—Shape spherical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2236/00—Mode of stressing of basic spring or damper elements or devices incorporating such elements
    • F16F2236/04—Compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/58—Stroke limiting stops, e.g. arranged on the piston rod outside the cylinder

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的减震器(30)的附加弹簧(10)以及一种用于机动车的减震器(30)的减震支承装置(20)。在此，附加弹簧(10)包括第一弹性体(12)，该第一弹性体具有供减震器(30)的活塞杆(32)引导通过的中心孔(18)。根据本发明，第一弹性体(12)在一端面(12‑1)处设计为球形的。根据本发明的减震支承装置(20)包括圆柱形的容纳空间(24)，附加弹簧(10)的第一弹性体(12)被部分地保持在该容纳空间中，并且该减震支承装置的特征在于，容纳空间(24)具有与第一弹性体(12)的端面(12‑1)相对应地设计的、成型为球形的底面(24‑1)。

Description

用于机动车的减震器的附加弹簧以及用于机动车的减震器的 减震支承装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述类型的用于机动车的减震器的附加弹簧和一种根据权利要求10的前序部分所述类型的用于机动车的减震器的减震支承装置。
背景技术
这种附加弹簧在现有技术中是充分公知的，并且被用于限定车辆的总体悬挂特性并且形成用于车轮悬挂部的减振的端部止动件。为此，附加弹簧布置在减震器的活塞杆上，其中该附加弹簧保持在减震支承装置的区域中。如果机动车弹动非常严重，则在减震器的减震管上的减震盖和减震支承装置之间压缩附加弹簧。还已知了，为附加弹簧设置渐进的特性曲线，以便在进一步加大压缩程度时确保附加弹簧的柔和的屈服并逐渐的硬化。
在DE 10 2012 020 569 A1中公开了一种这类的附加弹簧和一种这类的减震支承装置。
附加弹簧的一个已知问题是，附加弹簧在与减震支承装置连接的区域中磨损增加，并进而磨蚀，这是由于当今机动车中减震器的常见的倾斜布置而造成的倾斜压缩，亦即减震器的活塞杆相对于机动车车身的非平行的压缩。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，如此改进根据权利要求1的前序部分所述类型的附加弹簧，使得确保附加弹簧的寿命更长。
该目的通过权利要求1的特征部分特征结合其上位概念特征实现。
从属权利要求2至9提出了本发明的有利的改进方案。
附加弹簧以已知的方式包括第一弹性体，该第一弹性体具有供减震器的活塞杆引导通过的中心孔。
根据本发明规定，第一弹性体在一个端面处设计为球形。根据本发明的设计方案的效果是，在把根据本发明的附加弹簧按照规定安装在减震器的活塞杆上之后(＝>按照规定安装意味着，在安装之后，弹性体的球形端面与车身侧的减震支承装置对准)，由于第一弹性体的球形端面，此时在减震支承装置和弹性体之间实现了“铰接的”支承，由此弥补了倾斜压缩的缺点。由此有利地确保无偏移的压缩，从而在弹性体上不再出现或仅较小程度地出现不利的磨损，从而确保了第一弹性体的以及进而附加弹簧的无磨损的运行并因此确保了更长的使用寿命。
本发明的另一有利的改进方案规定，附加弹簧包括第二弹性体，该第二弹性体具有相对于第一弹性体不同的、有利地较低的弹簧刚度，并且设有供减震器的活塞杆引导通过的中心孔，其中第一弹性体与球形端面相对置地、与第一弹性体邻接地以及进而与第一弹性体成一列地布置，并且其中第二弹性体在其背向第一弹性体的端面上同样设计为球形的。这种构造的优点在于，由于第二弹性体的端面的球形设计，使得角度调节得到改善，从而实现了无偏移的压缩。另外，实现了对附加弹簧的弹力的期望的渐进特性曲线的改进的微调。因此，通过相应地选择两个弹性体的弹簧刚度，即为第一弹性体选择硬弹簧刚度以及与此相比，为第二弹性体选择非常柔软的弹簧刚度，实现了在车辆空载时非常柔和的回弹率以及弹动舒适性略有提升。另一个优点则在于，这样设计的附加弹簧的使用寿命更长。这是由于以下事实：在磨损的情况下，通常仅影响第二弹性体，因为第二弹性体由于其较低的弹簧刚度而更易于磨损，因此仅需更换此弹簧而不必更换整个附加弹簧。此外有利的是，由于附加弹簧的模块化构造，提供了可用于不同车辆的模块化系统，这导致附加弹簧的变型多样性的减少，从而降低了成本。
第一弹性体和/或第二弹性体的球形端面在此优选设计成球头的形式。
根据本发明的另一特别有利的实施方式，在第一弹性体和第二弹性体之间布置有止动缓冲器，该止动缓冲器具有与第一弹性体和第二弹性体相对应的、供减震器的活塞杆引导通过的中心孔，以及该止动缓冲器相对于两个弹性体具有明显更高的弹簧刚度。由此以一种简单的方式确保了附加弹簧非常强劲地变形发展(Progression)，并且进而例如在过快地驶过地面碎石时保证了阻挡限制。
止动缓冲器在此优选地布置在形成于第一和/或第二弹性体中的空腔中。
本发明的另一特别有利的实施形式规定，在止动缓冲器中集成有压电式的压力传感器。该实施方案的优点在于，借助于传感器为用于底盘控制的控制器提供了信号输入以供使用。
第一和第二弹性体优选地由弹性体材料制成，尤其是由聚氨酯制成，并且止动缓冲器由聚酰胺制成。
本发明的目的还在于，如此改进一种根据权利要求10的前序部分所述类型的用于机动车的减震器的减震支承装置，使得该减震支承装置有助于追求根据权利要求1至9所述的附加弹簧的较长的使用寿命。
该目的通过权利要求10的特征部分特征结合其上位概念特征实现。
从属权利要求11至13构成了根据本发明的减震支承装置的有利的改进方案。
以已知的方式，用于机动车的减震器的减震支承装置具有用于将轴承固定至车身的凸缘区域以及设计为空心体的圆柱形的容纳空间，附加弹簧的第一弹性体在组装状态下被部分地保持在该容纳空间中。
根据本发明，容纳空间在此具有与第一弹簧元件的端面相对应地设计的、成型为球形的底面。根据本发明的设计方案具有积极的效果，即由于彼此对置的球形表面在此在第一弹簧元件和减震支承装置之间实现了最佳的角度调节，并且因此再次明显减小了倾斜压缩的有害影响。
优选弹性体的支承元件布置在凸缘区域中以用于拧紧减震器的活塞杆。
另一有利的实施方式规定，支承元件包括压电式的压力传感器，该压电式的压力传感器为用于底盘控制的控制器提供了相应的输入信号。通过在支承元件和进而在减震支承装置中布置了压电式的压力传感器，有利地能够简化至车身侧布置的用于底盘控制的控制器的电线的铺设。
容纳空间的底面在此优选地被设计成球窝(Kugelpfanne)的形式。
本发明的其他优点和应用可能性由以下结合附图所示实施例的描述得出。
附图说明
在附图中示出：
图1示出了根据本发明的附加弹簧的示意性剖面图；
图2示出了根据本发明的减震支承装置的示意性剖面图，以及
图3以示意性剖面图示出了处于组装状态的图1的附加弹簧和图2的减震支承装置。
具体实施方式
图1示出了总体上由附图标记10表示的附加弹簧。附加弹簧10包括第一弹性体12，第二弹性体14和止动缓冲器16。
如图1所示，两个弹性体12、14沿轴向a观察布置成一列，并且第一弹性体12在其背向第二弹性体14的端面12-1上被设计为球形的，即该表面具有半球形的设计。相应地，第二弹性体14在其背向第一弹性体12的端面14-1上也被设计为球形的，在当前情况下也是半球形的，在压缩期间第二弹性体14通过该端面支撑在减震器盖34上，参见图3。
从图1中还可以看出，沿轴向a观察，止动缓冲器16布置在第一和第二弹性体12、14之间，在此是在设计于第二弹性体14中的空腔中。止动缓冲器16可以可选地设置有压电式的压力传感器28，该压力传感器提供用于底盘控制的相应的输入信号。
此外，弹性体12、14和止动缓冲器16均设有彼此对准布置的中心孔18。
此外，弹性体12、14和止动缓冲器16具有不同的弹簧刚度。由弹性体材料、例如像聚氨酯形成的弹性体12、14被如此设计，使得第一弹性体12具有比第二弹性体14更高的弹簧刚度。并且由塑料材料、优选聚酰胺制成的止动缓冲器16具有与第一弹簧元件12相比又明显更高的弹簧刚度。
图2示出了减震支承装置的示意图，该减震支承装置总体上用附图标记20表示。减震支承装置20包括用于固定至车身的凸缘区域22以及被设计为空心体的圆柱形的容纳空间24，该容纳空间用于部分地容纳附加弹簧10的第一弹性体12。此外，减震支承装置20在凸缘区域22中具有弹性体的支承元件26以用于拧紧减震器30的活塞杆32。可选地，减震支承装置20可以设置有压电式的压力传感器28'，该压电式的压力传感器将相应的输入信号提供给底盘控制器。压电式的压力传感器28'布置在减震支承装置20中被证明是特别有利的，因为这能够简化用于底盘控制的电线的敷设。
如图2所示，容纳空间24的底面24-1设计为与第一弹性体12的球形端面12-1相对应。即底面24-1具有相对于端面12-1的凸形形状对应地设计为凹形的配对轮廓。
图3以示意图示出了在减震器30的活塞杆32上处于组装状态的附加弹簧10和减震支承装置20。由于第一弹性体12的接触面12-1和减震支承装置24的底面24-1的根据本发明的设计，在附加弹簧10和减震支承装置之间存在一种铰接支承，这种支承在倾斜压缩时引起角度调节，并进而实现无偏移的压缩。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于机动车的减震器的附加弹簧(10)，该附加弹簧包括第一弹性体(12)，该第一弹性体具有供减震器(30)的活塞杆(32)引导通过的中心孔(18)，其特征在于，第一弹性体(12)在一个端面(12-1)处设计为球形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的附加弹簧(10)，其特征在于，设有第二弹性体(14)，该第二弹性体具有相对于第一弹性体(12)不同的弹簧刚度，其中，第二弹性体(14)具有供减震器(30)的活塞杆(32)引导通过的中心孔(18)并且与球形的端面(12-1)相对置地、与第一弹性体(12)邻接地布置，以及其中第二弹性体(14)在其背向第一弹性体(12)的端面(14-1)上同样设计为球形的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的附加弹簧(10)，其特征在于，球形设计的端面(12-1，14-1)设计为球头的形式。
4.根据权利要求2所述的附加弹簧(10)，其特征在于，设有止动缓冲器(16)，该止动缓冲器具有与两个弹性体(12、16)相比不同的弹簧刚度，其中，该止动缓冲器(16)具有供减震器(30)的活塞杆(32)引导通过的中心孔(18)，以及该止动缓冲器布置在第一弹性体(12)与第二弹性体(14)之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的附加弹簧(10)，其特征在于，止动缓冲器(16)布置在形成于第一弹性体(12)和/或第二弹性体(14)中的空腔中。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的附加弹簧(10)，其特征在于，在止动缓冲器(16)中集成有压电式的压力传感器(28)。
7.根据权利要求3至6中任一项所述的附加弹簧(10)，其特征在于，止动缓冲器(16)由聚酰胺制成。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的附加弹簧，其特征在于，第一弹性体(12)和/或第二弹性体(14)由弹性体材料制成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的附加弹簧，其特征在于，第一弹性体(12)和/或第二弹性体(14)由聚氨酯制成。
10.一种用于机动车的减震器的减震支承装置(20)，该减震支承装置包括用于固定至车身的凸缘区域(22)以及圆柱形的容纳空间(24)，在组装状态下根据权利要求1至8中任一项设计的附加弹簧(10)的第一弹性体(12)被部分地保持在所述容纳空间中，其特征在于，容纳空间(24)具有与第一弹性体(12)的端面(12-1)相对应地设计的、成型为球形的底面(24-1)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的减震支承装置(20)，其特征在于，弹性体的支承元件(26)布置在凸缘区域(22)中。
12.根据权利要求11所述的减震支承装置(20)，其特征在于，弹性体的支承元件(26)包括压电式的压力传感器(28’)。
13.根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的减震支承装置(20)，其特征在于，容纳空间(24)的底面(24-1)被设计成球窝的形式。
CN201880078575.1A 2017-12-06 2018-11-22 用于机动车的减震器的附加弹簧以及用于机动车的减震器的减震支承装置 Active CN111433058B (zh)

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