CN111423583B - 一种引入呋喃结构的聚酰亚胺树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种引入呋喃结构的聚酰亚胺树脂及其制备方法,在二酐单体的设计上引入呋喃结构,得到的一系列生物基含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度为180℃~400℃,空气环境热降解质量损失5%的温度为430℃~520℃,具备较高使用温度和热稳定性,最低熔体粘度介于300Pa·s~2000 Pa·s之间;由于不含有酰胺结构,所以吸水率小于0.4%;可以应用于航空航天、空间、微电子和精密机械等许多高新技术领域。含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂在玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性上与相应的石化基聚酰亚胺大致相同,可以替代石化基聚酰亚胺。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚酰亚胺树脂合成技术领域,尤其涉及一种引入呋喃结构的聚酰亚胺树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着全球经济的高速发展,以大量消耗石油资源和由此造成严重环境污染为代价的传统化工产业正在面临着严峻的挑战。在这种时代背景下,环境友好、以再生资源为原料的生物基高分子材料的研发正越来越受到人们的重视。近年来,对于生物基聚酰亚胺材料的研发也逐渐增多。但多数生物基聚酰亚胺主链中引入了含脂肪环的生物基结构,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性无法与芳香族聚酰亚胺相媲美。呋喃环为生物基来源,而且其刚性与芳香环相仿,中国专利CN 108219133A中公开了一种含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂及其制备方法,由于采用呋喃环代替脂肪环结构,该生物基聚酰亚胺材料的玻璃化转变温度和耐热性较脂肪环聚合物有了显著的提高,但是二胺的刚性较高导致聚合物的熔体粘度偏高,而且酰胺键的引入易导致该材料吸水率升高,不适宜作为工程塑料使用。
可见,目前含呋喃环结构的生物基聚酰亚胺材料虽然在耐热性方面较含脂肪环生物基聚酰亚胺有显著的改善,但是加工性以及吸水性方面仍存在不足。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服以上现有技术的缺点:提供一种兼具较高的耐分解温度、优良的加工性和低吸水性的引入呋喃结构的聚酰亚胺树脂及其制备方法。
本发明的技术解决方案如下:一种引入呋喃结构的聚酰亚胺树脂,具有如下结构式:
其中Ar为二胺单体残基;n是整数,且n>0;R1和R2各自独立地选自下述结构中的任意一种:
其中m是整数,m≥0。
所述Ar可选自下列基团中的一种或两种以上:
其中,连于苯环的横线“-”均表示Ar基团与重复单元中氮原子的连接键。R3和R4各自独立地选自下述结构中的任意一种:
其中x为整数,0≤x≤4。
所述Ar优选自下列基团中的至少一种:下列结构具有较好的柔性或大体积侧基,可使聚合物具有更好的加工性能。
其中,连于苯环的横线“-”均表示Ar基团与氮原子的连接键。
所述Ar优选自下列基团中的至少一种:下列结构具有大体积侧基或不对称结构,进一步降低聚合物的熔体粘度。
其中,连于苯环的横线“-”均表示Ar基团与氮原子的连接键。
本发明提供一种所述的引入呋喃结构的聚酰亚胺树脂的制备方法,将含呋喃二元酸酐单体和二胺单体通过缩聚反应得到含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂;
其中,所述含呋喃二元酸酐单体的结构式如下:
其中R1和R2各自独立地选自下述结构中的任意一种:
其中m是整数,m≥0。
所述二胺单体结构式如下:
H2N-Ar-NH2
其中,Ar为二胺单体残基,可选自下列基团中的一种或两种以上:
其中,连于苯环的横线“-”均表示Ar基团与重复单元中氮原子的连接键。R3和R4各自独立地选自下述结构中的任意一种:
其中x为整数,0≤x≤4。
作为优选,Ar选自下列基团中的至少一种:
进一步优选,Ar选自下列基团中的至少一种:
其中,连于苯环的横线“-”均表示Ar基团与氮原子的连接键。
作为优选,含呋喃二元酸酐单体中醚键与苯环的连接位置可以改变,得到异构结构的二酐单体,结构式如下所示:
异构的二酐单体由于具有不对称结构,能够增大分子链的自由体积,增大分子链旋转位阻,制备得到的聚合物具有更高的玻璃化转变温度和更低的熔体粘度。
作为优化,所述的引入呋喃结构的聚酰亚胺树脂的制备方法,包括以下具体步骤:
(1)将二胺单体加入到氮气或惰性气体保护的极性非质子溶剂中,搅拌使其完全溶解后加入含呋喃二元酸酐单体,搅拌反应8~24小时,得到聚酰胺酸溶液;
(2)采用热亚胺化法或溶液亚胺化法将聚酰胺酸溶液制备成聚酰亚胺薄膜或粉末树脂。
所述极性非质子溶剂为N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺,N,N’-二甲基乙酰胺或N’-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种。
所述溶液亚胺化法中共沸带水剂为甲苯、二甲苯或氯代甲苯。
所述含呋喃二元酸酐单体可通过现有技术中的有机合成方法制得。
本发明的有益效果是:在二酐单体的设计上引入呋喃结构,得到的一系列生物基含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度为180℃~400℃,空气环境热降解质量损失5%的温度为430℃~520℃,具备较高使用温度和热稳定性,最低熔体粘度介于300Pa·s~2000Pa·s之间;由于不含有酰胺结构,所以吸水率小于0.4%;可以应用于航空航天、空间、微电子和精密机械等许多高新技术领域。含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂在玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性上与相应的石化基聚酰亚胺大致相同,可以替代石化基聚酰亚胺。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中聚酰亚胺树脂在空气气氛中的热失重曲线。
图2为实施例2中聚酰亚胺树脂在空气气氛中的热失重曲线。
图3为实施例3中聚酰亚胺树脂在空气气氛中的热失重曲线。
图4为实施例4中聚酰亚胺树脂在空气气氛中的热失重曲线。
图5为实施例5中聚酰亚胺树脂在空气气氛中的热失重曲线。
图6为实施例6中聚酰亚胺树脂在空气气氛中的热失重曲线。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,但本发明不仅局限于以下具体实施例。
实施例1:
本实施例中含呋喃结构聚酰亚胺树脂具有如下结构:
其中n为大于0的整数。
具体制备方法为:氮气保护下,将0.4325g(4.0mmol)的间苯二胺和20毫升N,N-二甲基乙酰胺加入50mL反应瓶中,室温搅拌,待含二胺完全溶解后,再加入1.5691g(4.0mmol)的含呋喃二酐,然后将溶液稀释到重量百分浓度为10%,继续室温搅拌24小时,制得粘稠的聚酰胺酸溶液。然后将聚酰胺酸溶液铺在玻璃板上,在普通烘箱中60℃烘2h,80℃烘2h,100℃烘2h,120℃烘2h,150℃烘2h,然后在真空烘箱中250℃烘2h,300℃烘2h,350℃烘2h,得到含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺薄膜。所得到的含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度为214℃,通过热重分析仪测试上述方法制备的薄膜的空气环境热降解质量损失5%的温度为481℃,吸水率为0.34%。采用溶液亚胺化法制备得到的对应聚酰亚胺树脂粉末的最低熔体粘度约为612Pa·s。
实施例2:
本实施例中含呋喃结构聚酰亚胺树脂具有如下结构:
其中n为大于0的整数。
具体制备方法为:氮气保护下,将0.8096g(4.0mmol)的4,4‘-二氨基二苯醚和20毫升N,N-二甲基乙酰胺加入50mL反应瓶中,室温搅拌,待含二胺完全溶解后,再加入1.5691g(4.0mmol)的含呋喃二酐,然后将溶液稀释到重量百分浓度为10%,继续室温搅拌24小时,制得粘稠的聚酰胺酸溶液。然后将聚酰胺酸溶液铺在玻璃板上,在普通烘箱中60℃烘2h,80℃烘2h,100℃烘2h,120℃烘2h,150℃烘2h,然后在真空烘箱中250℃烘2h,300℃烘2h,350℃烘2h,得到含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺薄膜。所得到的含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度为207℃,通过热重分析仪测试上述方法制备的薄膜的空气环境热降解质量损失5%的温度为462℃,吸水率为0.35%。采用溶液亚胺化法制备得到的对应聚酰亚胺树脂粉末的最低熔体粘度约为453Pa·s。
实施例3:
本实施例中含呋喃结构聚酰亚胺树脂具有如下结构:
其中n为大于0的整数。
具体制备方法为:氮气保护下,将1.1693g(4.0mmol)的1,4-双(4’-胺苯氧基)苯和20毫升N,N-二甲基乙酰胺加入50mL反应瓶中,室温搅拌,待含二胺完全溶解后,再加入1.5691g(4.0mmol)的含呋喃二酐,然后将溶液稀释到重量百分浓度为10%,继续室温搅拌24小时,制得粘稠的聚酰胺酸溶液。然后将聚酰胺酸溶液铺在玻璃板上,在普通烘箱中60℃烘2h,80℃烘2h,100℃烘2h,120℃烘2h,150℃烘2h,然后在真空烘箱中250℃烘2h,300℃烘2h,350℃烘2h,得到含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺薄膜。所得到的含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度为196℃,通过热重分析仪测试上述方法制备的薄膜的空气环境热降解质量损失5%的温度为450℃,吸水率为0.33%。采用溶液亚胺化法制备得到的对应聚酰亚胺树脂粉末的最低熔体粘度约为357Pa·s。
实施例4:
本实施例中含呋喃结构聚酰亚胺树脂具有如下结构:
其中n为大于0的整数。
具体制备方法为:氮气保护下,将1,2809g(4.0mmol)的3,3-双三氟甲基-4,4-联苯二胺和20毫升N,N-二甲基乙酰胺加入50mL反应瓶中,室温搅拌,待含二胺完全溶解后,再加入1.5691g(4.0mmol)的含呋喃二酐,然后将溶液稀释到重量百分浓度为10%,继续室温搅拌24小时,制得粘稠的聚酰胺酸溶液。然后将聚酰胺酸溶液铺在玻璃板上,在普通烘箱中60℃烘2h,80℃烘2h,100℃烘2h,120℃烘2h,150℃烘2h,然后在真空烘箱中250℃烘2h,300℃烘2h,350℃烘2h,得到含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺薄膜。所得到的含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度为250℃,通过热重分析仪测试上述方法制备的薄膜的空气环境热降解质量损失5%的温度为497℃,吸水率为0.31%。采用溶液亚胺化法制备得到的对应聚酰亚胺树脂粉末的最低熔体粘度约为834Pa·s。
实施例5:
本实施例中含呋喃结构聚酰亚胺树脂具有如下结构:
其中n为大于0的整数。
具体制备方法为:氮气保护下,将0.8096g(4.0mmol)的4,4‘-二氨基二苯醚和20毫升N,N-二甲基乙酰胺加入50mL反应瓶中,室温搅拌,待含二胺完全溶解后,再加入1.5691g(4.0mmol)的含呋喃异构二酐,然后将溶液稀释到重量百分浓度为10%,继续室温搅拌24小时,制得粘稠的聚酰胺酸溶液。然后将聚酰胺酸溶液铺在玻璃板上,在普通烘箱中60℃烘2h,80℃烘2h,100℃烘2h,120℃烘2h,150℃烘2h,然后在真空烘箱中250℃烘2h,300℃烘2h,350℃烘2h,得到含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺薄膜。所得到的含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度为221℃,通过热重分析仪测试上述方法制备的薄膜的空气环境热降解质量损失5%的温度为485℃,吸水率为0.34%。采用溶液亚胺化法制备得到的对应聚酰亚胺树脂粉末的最低熔体粘度约为371Pa·s。
实施例6:
本实施例中含呋喃结构聚酰亚胺树脂具有如下结构:
其中n为大于0的整数。
具体制备方法为:氮气保护下,将0.8096g(4.0mmol)的4,4‘-二氨基二苯醚和20毫升N,N-二甲基乙酰胺加入50mL反应瓶中,室温搅拌,待含二胺完全溶解后,再加入1.5691g(4.0mmol)的含呋喃异构二酐,然后将溶液稀释到重量百分浓度为10%,继续室温搅拌24小时,制得粘稠的聚酰胺酸溶液。然后将聚酰胺酸溶液铺在玻璃板上,在普通烘箱中60℃烘2h,80℃烘2h,100℃烘2h,120℃烘2h,150℃烘2h,然后在真空烘箱中250℃烘2h,300℃烘2h,350℃烘2h,得到含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺薄膜。所得到的含呋喃环的聚酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度为229℃,通过热重分析仪测试上述方法制备的薄膜的空气环境热降解质量损失5%的温度为483℃,吸水率为0.33%。采用溶液亚胺化法制备得到的对应聚酰亚胺树脂粉末的最低熔体粘度约为347Pa·s。
以上仅是本发明的特征实施范例,对本发明保护范围不构成任何限制。凡采用同等交换或者等效替换而形成的技术方案,均落在本发明权利保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
6.根据权利要求5所述的引入呋喃结构的聚酰亚胺树脂的制备方法,其特征
在于,包括以下具体步骤:
(1)将二胺单体加入到氮气或惰性气体保护的极性非质子溶剂中,搅拌使其完全溶解后加入含呋喃二元酸酐单体,搅拌反应8~24小时,得到聚酰胺酸溶液;
(2)采用热亚胺化法或溶液亚胺化法将聚酰胺酸溶液制备成聚酰亚胺薄膜 或粉末树脂。
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