CN111412827A - A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, settlement monitoring device and settlement monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, a settlement monitoring device and a settlement monitoring method. A magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside the sedimentation tube of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor arranged in the roadbed body; the sedimentation magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed body and is slidably connected with the outer wall of the sedimentation tube; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor includes an electronic warehouse and a waveguide rod ; The waveguide rod passes through the subsidence magnetic ring, one end of the waveguide rod is connected to one end of the electronic warehouse, and the other end of the waveguide rod is suspended; the electronic warehouse is used to load the emitted excitation signal on the waveguide rod, and receive it in the corresponding to the subsidence magnetic ring. The first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated by the position of the waveguide and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide, and the subgrade displacement is obtained according to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave value. The invention can realize accurate and efficient monitoring of settlement.

Description

A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, settlement monitoring device and settlement monitoring method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of settlement monitoring, in particular to a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, a settlement monitoring device and a settlement monitoring method.

Background technique

Settlement monitoring is a commonly used monitoring method in the field of geotechnical engineering, and is widely used in settlement monitoring during and after the filling of dams, roadbeds, and embankments. The layered settlement is mainly monitored by the layered settlement instrument. Its working principle is mainly based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The settlement pipe covered with the magnetic induction settlement ring is lengthened section by section according to the soil filling progress. When the soil subsides, the settlement will be driven. The magnetic ring sinks synchronously, and the probe connected with the scale ruler is slowly put into the settlement tube. When the probe encounters the settlement magnetic ring, an electromagnetic induction signal is generated and sent to the surface instrument for display, and an audible and visual alarm is issued at the same time. The scale of the mouth is the distance between the position of the settlement magnetic ring and the nozzle. By comparing the changes of the positions of the subsidence magnetic rings over time, the subsidence of the strata at the positions of the subsidence magnetic rings can be obtained.

This method has many shortcomings in actual monitoring: (1) Manual measurement and reading accuracy is poor, labor intensity is high, and work efficiency is low; (2) In typhoon or rainstorm weather, especially at night, the risk factor of human observation is high; (3) Manual observation Real-time and continuous observation cannot be achieved, and it is difficult to meet the needs of informatization development.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Based on this, it is necessary to provide a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, a settlement monitoring device and a settlement monitoring method, so as to realize accurate and efficient monitoring of settlement.

For achieving the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:

A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor is arranged in the roadbed body; the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor comprises: a sedimentation pipe, a sedimentation magnetic ring and a magnetostrictive displacement sensor;

The magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside the settling tube; the settling magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed and is slidably connected with the outer wall of the settling tube; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor includes an electronic warehouse and a waveguide rod; The waveguide rod passes through the subsidence magnetic ring, one end of the waveguide rod is connected to one end of the electronic warehouse, and the other end of the waveguide rod is suspended; the electronic warehouse is used to load the emitted excitation signal to the electronic warehouse. The waveguide rod receives the first mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide corresponding to the subsidence magnetic ring and the second mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide. The displacement value of the roadbed is obtained from the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave.

Optionally, the electronic compartment includes a communication control circuit and an excitation pulse generation circuit, a magneto-elastic wave detection circuit, and a time measurement circuit connected with the communication control circuit; the communication control circuit is used to send the excitation pulse generation circuit to the excitation pulse generation circuit. Sending a pulse control signal, sending the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave detected by the magneto-elastic wave detection circuit to the time measurement circuit, and receiving the first force sent by the time measurement circuit The first time difference signal corresponding to the magnetically coupled elastic wave, the second time difference signal corresponding to the second force-magnetically coupled elastic wave sent by the time measurement circuit is received, and the subgrade displacement value is obtained from the time difference signal.

Optionally, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor further includes: a settlement magnetic ring anchor claw; the settlement magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed body through the settlement magnetic ring anchor claw.

Optionally, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor further includes an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate; the upper fixed plate is arranged at one end of the settling tube; the lower fixed disc is arranged at the other end of the settling tube; The roadbed magnetic displacement sensor is arranged inside the settling tube between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate; the distance between the upper fixed plate and the settlement magnetic ring is greater than the maximum displacement of the corresponding road base; the The upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate are used for fixing the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor.

Optionally, the magnetostrictive displacement sensor further includes: a sensor housing; the electronic housing and the waveguide rod are both located inside the sensor housing; the electronic housing is fixed on the sensor housing; the sensor The shell is fixed inside the settling tube through the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate.

Optionally, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor further includes: an external single-chip controller and an external acquisition device; the external single-chip controller and the external acquisition device are both connected in communication with the electronic warehouse; the external single-chip controller is used for A monitoring control signal is sent to the electronic warehouse to control the electronic warehouse to send out an excitation signal; the external acquisition device is used to collect the displacement value of the roadbed.

Optionally, the electronic warehouse further includes: a timing controller; the timing controller is connected to the communication control circuit; the timing controller is used to send monitoring control signals to the communication control circuit every set time , so that the communication control circuit controls the excitation pulse generating circuit to generate an excitation signal.

The present invention also provides a settlement monitoring device, comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned roadbed magnetic displacement sensors; one of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensors is located in one roadbed body; End fixed connection.

Optionally, the settlement monitoring device further includes: an external single-chip controller and an external acquisition device; the external single-chip controller and the external acquisition device are both connected in communication with the electronic bins of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensors; the The external single-chip controller is used to send monitoring control signals to the electronic warehouse to control the electronic warehouse to send out excitation signals; the external acquisition device is used to collect the displacement values of each base layer.

The present invention also provides a settlement monitoring method, which is used in the above-mentioned settlement monitoring device; the method includes:

Obtain monitoring and control signals and send out excitation signals;

After the excitation signal is loaded on the waveguide rod, the first mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide corresponding to the subsidence magnetic ring and the second mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide;

determining a first time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and a second time stop signal corresponding to the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave;

The first time difference signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave is calculated from the generation time of the first time stop signal and the excitation signal, and the second time difference signal is calculated from the generation time of the second time stop signal and the excitation signal. the second time difference signal corresponding to the force-magnetic coupling elastic wave;

Obtaining the position of the subsidence magnetic ring from the first time difference signal, the second time difference signal and the length of the waveguide;

The displacement value of the corresponding road base is determined by the position of the settlement magnetic ring.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention provides a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, a settlement monitoring device and a settlement monitoring method. The roadbed magnetic displacement sensor arranged in the subgrade body includes: a settlement pipe, a settlement magnetic ring and a magnetostrictive displacement sensor; a magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside the settlement pipe; the settlement magnetic ring is fixed in the subgrade body, and is connected to the settlement pipe. The outer wall is slidably connected; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor includes an electronic bin and a waveguide rod. The invention realizes real-time and continuous automatic monitoring by setting a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, avoids manual measurement and reading, improves the accuracy of settlement monitoring, and improves monitoring efficiency.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a road-based magnetic displacement sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the circuit schematic diagram of the communication control circuit and the TDC timing circuit of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the circuit schematic diagram of the excitation pulse generating circuit of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the circuit principle diagram of the magneto-elastic wave detection circuit of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the circuit schematic diagram of the moment discriminating circuit of the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of a communication interface of the present invention;

7 is a schematic structural diagram of a settlement monitoring device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a road-based magnetic displacement sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor of this embodiment is arranged in the roadbed body; the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor includes: a settling pipe 3 , a settling magnetic ring 5 and a magnetostrictive displacement sensor.

The magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside the settling tube 3; the settling magnetic ring 5 is fixed in the roadbed and is slidably connected with the outer wall of the settling tube 3; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor includes an electronic warehouse 6 and the waveguide rod 7; the waveguide rod 7 passes through the subsidence magnetic ring 5, one end of the waveguide rod 7 is connected to one end of the electronic warehouse 6, and the other end of the waveguide rod 7 is suspended; the electronic warehouse 6 is used to load the emitted excitation signal on the waveguide rod 7, and receive the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide corresponding to the subsidence magnetic ring 5 and the suspended end of the waveguide. The generated second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave, and the subgrade displacement value is obtained according to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave.

In this embodiment, the waveguide rod 7 is a waveguide wire, and a damper is provided at the suspended end of the waveguide rod 7 .

As an optional implementation manner, the electronic compartment 6 includes a communication control circuit and an excitation pulse generation circuit, a magneto-elastic wave detection circuit, and a time measurement circuit connected to the communication control circuit; the communication control circuit is used to The excitation pulse generating circuit sends a pulse control signal, sends the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave detected by the magneto-elastic wave detection circuit to the time measurement circuit, and receives the time measurement The first time difference signal corresponding to the first mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave sent by the circuit, the second time difference signal corresponding to the second mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave sent by the time measurement circuit is received, and the subgrade displacement value is obtained from the time difference signal. Wherein, the time measurement circuit includes a time identification circuit and a TDC time measurement circuit; the time identification circuit is used to determine the first time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave The second time stop signal corresponding to the wave; the TDC timing circuit is used to calculate the difference between the first time stop signal and the first time stop signal to obtain a time difference signal. The circuit schematic diagram of the communication control circuit and the TDC timing circuit is shown in Figure 2, the circuit schematic diagram of the excitation pulse generating circuit is shown in Figure 3, and the circuit schematic diagram of the magnetoelastic wave detection circuit is shown in Figure 4 As shown, the circuit schematic diagram of the time discriminating circuit is shown in FIG. 5 .

As an optional implementation manner, the magneto-elastic wave detection circuit is a detection coil.

As an optional embodiment, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor further includes: a settlement magnetic ring anchor claw 4; the settlement magnetic ring anchor claw 4 is installed on the settlement magnetic ring 5 and is clamped in the roadbed body, so that The settling magnetic ring 5 is fixed in the roadbed.

As an optional embodiment, the settling pipe 3 is a PVC pipe, and the length of the settling pipe 3 is generally 2m-4m; mortar or undisturbed soil is used for backfilling between the settling pipe 3 and the bedrock.

As an optional implementation manner, the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor further includes an upper fixed plate 1 and a lower fixed plate 8; the upper fixed plate 1 is arranged at one end of the settling pipe 3; the lower fixed plate 8 is arranged At the other end of the settling tube 3; the subgrade magnetic displacement sensor is arranged inside the settling tube 3 between the upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 8; the upper fixed plate 1 and the settling magnetic ring The distance between 5 is greater than the maximum displacement of the corresponding road base; the upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 8 are used to fix the road base magnetic displacement sensor.

As an optional implementation manner, the magnetostrictive displacement sensor further includes: a sensor housing 2; the electronic housing 6 and the waveguide rod 7 are both located inside the sensor housing 2; the electronic housing 6 is fixed On the sensor housing 2 ; the sensor housing 2 is fixed inside the settling tube 3 by the upper fixing plate 1 and the lower fixing plate 8 . Specifically, the upper fixing plate 1 and the sensor housing 2 are connected by bolts; the lower fixing plate 8 and the sensor housing 2 are fixed by bolts, and the outer diameter of the upper fixing plate 1 is connected to the lower fixing plate 1 . The outer diameter of the fixed plate 8 is the same as the inner diameter of the settling tube 3. The upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 8 are fixed at different depths of the settling tube 3 through a row of 4 screws for use. Secure the sensor housing 2.

As an optional implementation manner, the road-based magnetic displacement sensor further includes: an external microcontroller controller and an external acquisition device. The electronic warehouse 6 is connected with a communication cable; one end of the communication cable is connected to the electronic warehouse 6, and the other end passes through the reserved holes on the upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 8 to cause a nozzle, and communicates with the external single-chip controller and the external single-chip controller. External acquisition device connection. The external single-chip controller and the external collection device are all connected to the electronic warehouse 6 through communication cables; the external single-chip controller is used to send a monitoring control signal to the electronic warehouse 6 to control the electronic warehouse 6. An excitation signal is sent out; the external acquisition device is used to acquire the displacement value of the roadbed. Specifically, the communication control circuit in the electronic warehouse 6 is connected to the external single-chip controller and the external acquisition device through a communication interface. The schematic diagram of the communication interface is shown in Figure 6.

As an optional implementation manner, the electronic warehouse 6 further includes: a timing controller; the timing controller is connected to the communication control circuit; the timing controller is used to send the communication The control circuit sends a monitoring control signal, so that the communication control circuit controls the excitation pulse generating circuit to generate an excitation signal.

As an optional embodiment, the inner diameter of the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 is the same as the outer diameter of the sedimentation tube 3 .

As an optional implementation manner, the electronic chamber 6 and the waveguide rod 7 are fixedly connected by threads.

The working principle of the road-based magnetic displacement sensor in this embodiment is as follows: the external single-chip controller or timing controller controls the excitation pulse generating circuit through the communication control circuit to generate a pulse signal of a certain period as the excitation source, and then the pulse width modulation, The power is amplified to generate a narrow pulse excitation signal of a certain amplitude, which is loaded on the waveguide wire and coupled with the permanent magnet to generate a force-magnetic coupling elastic wave; the detection coil detects the position of the waveguide corresponding to the subsidence magnetic ring 5. The first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide are passed through the signal filtering and amplifying circuit for signal conditioning; The time stop signal corresponding to the two-force magnetic coupling elastic wave is sent to the TDC timing circuit for time measurement.

The TDC timing circuit calculates the time difference between the first time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the generation time (current pulse) of the excitation signal, obtains the first time difference T ₁ , and calculates the second time corresponding to the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave. The second time difference T ₂ is obtained from the time difference between the time stop signal and the excitation signal generation time (current pulse). Set the length of the settlement pipe 3 as H, and calculate the position of the settlement magnetic ring 5 according to h=(T ₁ /T ₂ )×H, so as to obtain the displacement value of the roadbed, and then send it to other equipment by means of communication and data output.

The roadbed magnetic displacement sensor of this embodiment realizes real-time and continuous automatic monitoring of settlement, avoids manual measurement and reading, improves the accuracy of settlement monitoring, improves monitoring efficiency, and greatly reduces labor costs; the structure is simple and the installation is simple convenient.

Example 2

The present invention also provides a settlement monitoring device, and FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a settlement monitoring device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 7 , the settlement monitoring device of this embodiment includes a plurality of roadbed magnetic displacement sensors described in Embodiment 1 above; one of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensors is located in one roadbed body; two adjacent roadbed magnetic displacement sensors The ends of the settling tube 3 are fixedly connected. The specific structure of the road-based magnetic displacement sensor is not repeated here, and it is sufficient to refer to Embodiment 1.

As an optional embodiment, the settling pipe 3 in the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor adopts PVC pipe, and the length of a single settling pipe 3 is generally 2m-4m; the bottom of the settling pipe 3 is buried in the bedrock, and the buried depth is generally 0.5 m～1.0m, use mortar or undisturbed soil to backfill between the settlement pipe 3 and the bedrock; the settlement pipe 3 is connected one by one with the layered filling of the filling body until the top surface of the filling body, and the settlement closest to the top surface of the filling body The orifice of the pipe 3 is lower than the top surface of the filling body.

As an optional implementation manner, the settlement monitoring device further includes: an external single-chip controller and an external acquisition device; the external single-chip controller and the external acquisition device are connected to the electronic warehouse of each of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensors. 6. Communication connection; the external single-chip controller is used to send monitoring control signals to the electronic warehouse 6 to control the electronic warehouse 6 to send out excitation signals; the external acquisition device is used to collect the displacement values of each base layer.

As an optional implementation manner, the ends of the settling pipes 3 of two adjacent roadbed magnetic displacement sensors are fixedly connected through a pipe collar.

In the settlement monitoring device of the present embodiment, the settling pipe 3 in each roadbed magnetic displacement sensor is equipped with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor through the upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 8. The distance between the magnetic ring 5 and the upper fixed plate 1 is greater than the maximum displacement of the roadbed of this layer. The settlement pipes 3 are connected one by one with the subgrade filling until the top surface of the subgrade.

The realization principle of the settlement monitoring device of the present embodiment is:

When the subgrade is displaced, the subsidence magnetic ring anchor 4 is driven to move the subsidence magnetic ring 5 sleeved outside the subsidence tube 3, and a relative displacement occurs between the subsidence magnetic ring 5 and the waveguide rod 7, and the excitation signal in the electronic warehouse 6 moves along the The waveguide rod 7 propagates and is coupled with the subsidence magnetic ring 5 to generate a force-magnetic coupling elastic wave; the detection coil in the electronic warehouse 6 detects the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated by the position of the waveguide corresponding to the subsidence magnetic ring 5 and the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated in the position of the wave guide corresponding to the subsidence magnetic ring 5 The second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated by the suspended end of the waveguide is passed through the signal filtering and amplifying circuit for signal conditioning; the time stop corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave is obtained through the time discriminating circuit. The signal is sent to the TDC timing circuit for time measurement. The TDC timing circuit calculates the time difference between the first time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the generation time (current pulse) of the excitation signal, obtains the first time difference T ₁ , and calculates the second time corresponding to the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave. The second time difference T ₂ is obtained from the time difference between the time stop signal and the excitation signal generation time (current pulse). The length of the sedimentation tube 3 is set as H, and the position of the sedimentation magnetic ring 5 is calculated according to h=(T ₁ /T ₂ )×H. Since the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is fixed, the displacement change measured by the magnetostrictive displacement sensor is the displacement of the roadbed.

The settlement monitoring device realizes real-time and continuous automatic monitoring of multi-layer settlement, avoids manual measurement and reading, improves the accuracy of layered settlement monitoring, improves monitoring efficiency, and greatly reduces labor costs; the structure is simple and the installation is simple. Convenient; has the advantages of high precision, no temperature drift, no contact, long life, good stability, etc., effectively overcomes the shortcomings and deficiencies in the existing technology; can be widely used in settlement monitoring in the field of geotechnical engineering, with a wide range of application value.

Example 3

The present invention also provides a settlement monitoring method, which is used in the settlement monitoring device in the above embodiment 2; the method includes:

Step 101: Acquire a monitoring control signal and issue an excitation signal.

Step 102: After the excitation signal is loaded on the waveguide rod 7, the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide corresponding to the subsidence magnetic ring 5 and the second force-magnetic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide are obtained. Coupled elastic waves.

Step 103 : Determine a first time stop signal corresponding to the first mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave and a second time-stop signal corresponding to the second mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave.

Step 104: Calculate the first time difference signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave from the generation time of the first time stop signal and the excitation signal, and calculate the generation time of the second time stop signal and the excitation signal from the generation time of the second time stop signal and the excitation signal. A second time difference signal corresponding to the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave is calculated.

Step 105: Obtain the position of the subsidence magnetic ring 5 from the first time difference signal, the second time difference signal and the length of the waveguide.

Step 106 : Determine the displacement value of the corresponding road base from the position of the subsidence magnetic ring 5 .

The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the methods and core ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the present invention There will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. In conclusion, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a roadbed magnetic displacement sensor, is characterized in that, described roadbed magnetic displacement sensor is arranged in roadbed body; Described roadbed magnetic displacement sensor comprises: sedimentation pipe, sedimentation magnetic ring and magnetostrictive displacement sensor; The magnetostrictive displacement sensor is arranged inside the settling tube; the settling magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed and is slidably connected with the outer wall of the settling tube; the magnetostrictive displacement sensor includes an electronic warehouse and a waveguide rod; The waveguide rod passes through the subsidence magnetic ring, one end of the waveguide rod is connected to one end of the electronic warehouse, and the other end of the waveguide rod is suspended; the electronic warehouse is used to load the emitted excitation signal to the electronic warehouse. The waveguide rod receives the first mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide corresponding to the subsidence magnetic ring and the second mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide. The displacement value of the roadbed is obtained from the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave. 2 . A road-based magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the electronic warehouse comprises a communication control circuit and an excitation pulse generating circuit, a magneto-elastic wave detection circuit, a time measurement circuit connected with the communication control circuit circuit; the communication control circuit is used for sending a pulse control signal to the excitation pulse generating circuit, and sending the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave detected by the magneto-elastic wave detection circuit to the The time measurement circuit, receives the first time difference signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave sent by the time measurement circuit, receives the second time difference signal corresponding to the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave sent by the time measurement circuit, and is sent by the time measurement circuit. The time difference signal obtains the subgrade displacement value. 3 . The roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 1 , further comprising: a settlement magnetic ring anchor claw; the settlement magnetic ring is fixed in the roadbed body through the settlement magnetic ring anchor claw. 4 . 4. A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, further comprising an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate; the upper fixed plate is arranged on one end of the settling pipe; the lower fixed plate is arranged on At the other end of the settling tube; the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor is arranged inside the settling tube between the upper fixed disc and the lower fixed disc; the distance between the upper fixed disc and the settling magnetic ring is greater than Corresponding to the maximum displacement of the roadbed; the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate are used to fix the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor. 5 . The road-based magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 4 , wherein the magnetostrictive displacement sensor further comprises: a sensor housing; both the electronic warehouse and the waveguide rod are located inside the sensor housing. 6 . ; the electronic warehouse is fixed on the sensor shell; the sensor shell is fixed inside the settling tube through the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate. 6. A roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, further comprising: an external single-chip controller and an external acquisition device; the external single-chip controller and the external acquisition device are both connected with the electronic warehouse communication connection; the external single chip controller is used for sending a monitoring control signal to the electronic warehouse to control the electronic warehouse to send out an excitation signal; the external acquisition device is used for collecting the displacement value of the roadbed. 7 . The roadbed magnetic displacement sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the electronic warehouse further comprises: a timing controller; the timing controller is connected with the communication control circuit; the timing controller is used for A monitoring control signal is sent to the communication control circuit every set time, so that the communication control circuit controls the excitation pulse generating circuit to generate an excitation signal. 8. A settlement monitoring device, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of roadbed magnetic displacement sensors as claimed in any one of claims 1-5; one of said roadbed magnetic displacement sensors is located in a subgrade body; two adjacent two The ends of the settling pipes of the roadbed magnetic displacement sensor are fixedly connected. 9. A settlement monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that, further comprising: an external single-chip controller and an external acquisition device; the external single-chip controller and the external acquisition device are connected with each of the roadbed magnetic The electronic warehouse of the displacement sensor is communicatively connected; the external single-chip controller is used to send monitoring control signals to the electronic warehouse to control the electronic warehouse to send out excitation signals; the external acquisition device is used to collect the displacement values of each base layer. 10. A settlement monitoring method, wherein the method is used in the settlement monitoring device according to claim 8 or 9; the method comprises: Obtain monitoring and control signals and send out excitation signals; After the excitation signal is loaded on the waveguide rod, the first mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave generated at the position of the waveguide corresponding to the subsidence magnetic ring and the second mechano-magnetically coupled elastic wave generated at the suspended end of the waveguide; determining a first time stop signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave and a second time stop signal corresponding to the second force-magnetic coupling elastic wave; The first time difference signal corresponding to the first force-magnetic coupling elastic wave is calculated from the generation time of the first time stop signal and the excitation signal, and the second time difference signal is calculated from the generation time of the second time stop signal and the excitation signal. the second time difference signal corresponding to the force-magnetic coupling elastic wave; Obtaining the position of the subsidence magnetic ring from the first time difference signal, the second time difference signal and the length of the waveguide; The displacement value of the corresponding road base is determined by the position of the settlement magnetic ring.

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