CN111411942A - Ground stress testing device and method for trepanning stress relief method - Google Patents
Ground stress testing device and method for trepanning stress relief method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111411942A CN111411942A CN202010223429.2A CN202010223429A CN111411942A CN 111411942 A CN111411942 A CN 111411942A CN 202010223429 A CN202010223429 A CN 202010223429A CN 111411942 A CN111411942 A CN 111411942A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/02—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种能够顺利进行应力解除的用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置及其测试方法,其中,用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置包括取芯套筒、钻头,还包括呈锥状、且中空的转换接头,所述转换接头的大径端与所述取芯套筒的一端固定连接,所述转换接头的小径端与所述钻头的一端固定连接,所述转换接头的大径等于所述取芯套筒的外径。本发明在使用时第一步打钻孔过程中就已经将取芯套筒连同钻头一起送进了钻孔内,这样就保证了取芯套筒是一定可以进入钻孔内,也就避免了后续取芯套筒不易送进钻孔,难以施工锥形孔以及进行应力解除过程。
The invention discloses an in-situ stress testing device and a testing method for the stress-relief method of casing holes, which can smoothly perform stress relief. , and also includes a conical and hollow conversion joint, the large diameter end of the conversion joint is fixedly connected with one end of the coring sleeve, and the small diameter end of the conversion joint is fixedly connected with one end of the drill bit, so The major diameter of the conversion joint is equal to the outer diameter of the coring sleeve. When the present invention is in use, the coring sleeve and the drill bit are already sent into the drilled hole during the first drilling process, which ensures that the coring sleeve can definitely enter the drilled hole and avoids the need for Subsequent coring sleeves are not easy to feed into the drilled holes, and it is difficult to construct tapered holes and perform stress relief processes.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及地应力测试领域,特别是涉及一种用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置及其测试方法。The invention relates to the field of in-situ stress testing, in particular to an in-situ stress testing device and a testing method thereof used for a casing stress relief method.
背景技术Background technique
地应力,又称原岩应力,是在漫长的地质年代里,由于地质构造运动等原因产生的,地壳中的应力状态是各种起源应力的总和,主要由重力应力、构造应力、孔隙压力、热应力和残余应力等耦合而成。地应力是引起采矿工程围岩、支架变形和破坏、产生矿井动力现象的根本作用力,在诸多的影响采矿工程稳定性因素中,地应力是最重要和最根本的因素之一。随着采矿规模的不断扩大和开采深度的不断增加,地应力的影响越加严重,往往造成煤矿井下巷道和采场的坍塌破坏、冲击地压等矿井动力现象的发生,致使矿井生产无法进行,并经常引起严重的事故,造成人员伤亡和财产的重大损失。因此准确地进行地应力测量,弄清深部煤岩体应力环境,是确定工程岩体力学属性,进行围岩稳定性分析和计算,矿井动力现象区域预测的前提,以便采取有效技术手段和措施,避免和减少灾害的发生,实现矿井安全高效生产的重要保障。In-situ stress, also known as protolith stress, is generated in a long geological age due to geological tectonic movements and other reasons. The stress state in the crust is the sum of various origin stresses, mainly composed of gravitational stress, tectonic stress, pore pressure, Thermal stress and residual stress are coupled. In-situ stress is the fundamental force that causes deformation and failure of surrounding rock and supports in mining engineering, and produces dynamic phenomena in mines. Among the many factors affecting the stability of mining engineering, in-situ stress is one of the most important and fundamental factors. With the continuous expansion of the mining scale and the continuous increase of the mining depth, the influence of in-situ stress is more and more serious, which often causes the collapse and damage of the underground roadway and stope of the coal mine, and the occurrence of mine dynamic phenomena such as shock ground pressure, which makes the mine production impossible. And often cause serious accidents, resulting in casualties and heavy property losses. Therefore, accurate in-situ stress measurement and clarification of the stress environment of deep coal and rock mass are the prerequisites for determining the mechanical properties of engineering rock mass, performing analysis and calculation of surrounding rock stability, and regional prediction of mine dynamic phenomena, so as to take effective technical means and measures. Avoiding and reducing the occurrence of disasters is an important guarantee for the safe and efficient production of mines.
目前地应力测量方法有很多,但最常用的主要还是水压致裂法和套孔应力解除法。然而水压致裂法测得的主应力方向定位不准,测得的结果精度不高,同时成本也较高,所以套孔应力解除法是目前国内外最普遍采用的发展较为成熟的一种地应力测量方法。但是在煤矿井下进行地应力测量时,套孔应力解除法目前在运用上还存在一定的技术困难,由于煤矿井下地质条件复杂,施工成的钻孔往往不是笔直的,且钻孔深处视野不清,不易安装应力计,加之推杆一般都是采用丝扣连接,大大制约了工作效率。国内外一些专家和学者也对地应力测试装备进行了相应的研究和改良:At present, there are many in-situ stress measurement methods, but the most commonly used methods are the hydraulic fracturing method and the casing stress relief method. However, the orientation of the principal stress measured by the hydraulic fracturing method is inaccurate, the accuracy of the measured results is not high, and the cost is also high. Therefore, the casing stress relief method is currently the most widely used and mature one at home and abroad. In-situ stress measurement method. However, when measuring in-situ stress in coal mines, there are still some technical difficulties in the application of the casing stress relief method. Due to the complex geological conditions in coal mines, the constructed boreholes are often not straight, and the field of vision at the depth of the borehole is not clear. It is not easy to install the stress gauge, and the push rod is generally connected by a screw thread, which greatly restricts the work efficiency. Some experts and scholars at home and abroad have also carried out corresponding research and improvement on in-situ stress testing equipment:
(1)一种通过单个钻孔测量地应力的装置及测量方法——中南大学(马春德等)(1) A device and measurement method for measuring in-situ stress through a single borehole - Central South University (Ma Chunde, etc.)
中南大学马春德等发明了“一种通过单个钻孔测量地应力的装置及测量方法”,通过施工单个钻孔即可获取测点处地应力的准确大小和方向信息。该装置包括孔内岩心定位拍照装置和岩心地面重定向装置。该方法为先利用孔内定向拍照装置对处于原岩应力区的未断岩心在钻孔内进行定位拍照,获取岩心在原位上的断面特征点清晰图像,再利用岩心地面重定向装置在地面精确模拟重现钻孔的包括方位角和倾角等参数的空间位置,其后通过图形特征点比对还原出岩心在地下原位时的真实空间位置状态,并划出方位标记线,然后按标记线方向进行声发射小试件加工制作,最后通过开展各向岩石试件的声发射信号测试,获取对应Kaiser效应点,并计算出地下岩体真实三维地应力值。Ma Chunde of Central South University and others invented "a device and measurement method for measuring in-situ stress through a single borehole", and the accurate magnitude and direction information of the in-situ stress at the measuring point can be obtained by constructing a single borehole. The device includes an in-hole core positioning and photographing device and a core ground redirection device. The method is to firstly use the in-hole directional photographing device to locate and photograph the unbroken core in the original rock stress zone in the borehole, obtain a clear image of the cross-sectional feature points of the core in situ, and then use the core ground redirection device on the ground. Accurately simulate and reproduce the spatial position of the borehole including parameters such as azimuth and inclination, and then restore the real spatial position of the core when the core is in situ underground through the comparison of graphical feature points, and draw the azimuth marking line, and then press the mark Acoustic emission small specimens are processed and manufactured in the direction of the line, and finally, the acoustic emission signal test of the rock specimens in all directions is carried out to obtain the corresponding Kaiser effect points, and the real three-dimensional in-situ stress value of the underground rock mass is calculated.
本发明提供了一种简单易行、经济高效、的通过单个钻孔测量地应力的方法,但是由于煤矿开采和取芯扰动原因,通过声发射信号测得的地应力不能完全反应真实的三维应力状态。The invention provides a simple, economical and efficient method for measuring in-situ stress through a single borehole, but due to the disturbance of coal mining and coring, the in-situ stress measured by the acoustic emission signal cannot fully reflect the real three-dimensional stress state.
(2)一种用于地应力测试中快速钻进的钻头及方法——中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,兖州煤业股份有限公司(赵武胜等)(2) A drill bit and method for rapid drilling in in-situ stress testing - Wuhan Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanzhou Coal Industry Co., Ltd. (Zhao Wusheng, etc.)
中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所和兖州煤业股份有限公司赵武胜等公开了一种用于地应力测试中快速钻进的钻头及方法。钻头包括:第一取芯管,其一端可与大孔钻头可拆卸的连接,其外径略小于所述大孔钻头的外径;锥形钻头,其第一端的外径与所述大孔钻头的外径相同,所述锥形钻头与所述第一取芯管可拆卸的连接;第二取芯管,其第一端与所述锥形钻头的第二端连接,其外径略小于所述锥形钻头第二端的外径;取芯钻头,与所述第二取芯管的第二端连接,其外径与所述锥形钻头第二端的外径相同;所述锥形钻头内设有联通所述第一取芯管和所述第二取芯管的过水通道。该钻头可以提高安装孔施工效率及试验成功率,具有较高的工程应用价值。Wuhan Institute of Geomechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Zhao Wusheng of Yanzhou Coal Industry Co., Ltd. disclosed a drill bit and method for fast drilling in in-situ stress testing. The drill bit includes: a first coring pipe, one end of which can be detachably connected with the large-hole drill bit, and its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the large-hole drill bit; The outer diameter of the hole drill bit is the same, and the conical drill bit is detachably connected to the first coring pipe; the first end of the second coring pipe is connected to the second end of the conical drill bit, and its outer diameter is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the second end of the tapered drill bit; the core drill bit is connected to the second end of the second coring pipe, and its outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the second end of the tapered drill bit; the cone A water passage communicating with the first coring pipe and the second coring pipe is arranged in the drill bit. The drill bit can improve the installation hole construction efficiency and the test success rate, and has high engineering application value.
该发明提供了一种新型钻头,这种钻头虽然能够提高试验成功率,但是由于井下地质环境复杂,地应力高,实际情况下一般都需要经历几次扩孔才能完成,要用此钻头将钻孔一次成型非常困难。The invention provides a new type of drill bit. Although this drill bit can improve the test success rate, due to the complex underground geological environment and high in-situ stress, in practice it usually takes several times of reaming to complete the drilling. It is very difficult to form the hole at one time.
(3)一种深孔地应力测试中空心包体的推送与定位装置及方法——中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所(赵武胜等)(3) A device and method for pushing and positioning hollow inclusions in deep hole in-situ stress testing - Wuhan Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhao Wusheng, etc.)
中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所赵武胜等公开了一种深孔地应力测试中空心包体的推送与定位装置,包括定位杆,定位杆的前端的顶部设置有顶部定位槽、水平定位槽和包体线缆定位槽,定位杆从前端到后端依次设置有第一组定位支撑和第二组定位支撑,定位杆的前端还设置有摄像头,定位杆上还水平设置有三维电子罗盘,定位杆的后端连接有若干个推送杆。本发明还公开了一种深孔地应力测试中空心包体的推送与定位方法,包括孔口空间方位测量步骤、空心包体推送步骤、空心包体进小孔步骤、空心包体安装方位测量步骤。Zhao Wusheng, Wuhan Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc. disclosed a push and positioning device for a hollow core in a deep hole in-situ stress test, including a positioning rod. The top of the front end of the positioning rod is provided with a top positioning groove, a horizontal positioning groove and a package. The positioning rod is provided with a first group of positioning supports and a second group of positioning supports in sequence from the front end to the rear end. The front end of the positioning rod is also provided with a camera, and a three-dimensional electronic compass is also set horizontally on the positioning rod. The rear end is connected with several push rods. The invention also discloses a method for pushing and locating a hollow inclusion in a deep hole in-situ stress test. step.
本发明公开了一种新的空心包体的推送与定位装置,构思新颖,但两组定位支撑杆材质为钢筋,在孔内摩擦容易磨损;且只有一个摄像头,摄像头处于定位杆上方,由于定位杆的阻挡,摄像头难以完全看清孔内情况;推杆还是通过螺纹连接,螺纹容易磨损和被煤灰与岩粉等弄脏,影响工作效率。The invention discloses a new hollow enclosure body pushing and positioning device, which has a novel concept, but the two sets of positioning support rods are made of steel bars, which are easily worn by friction in the holes; and there is only one camera, and the camera is located above the positioning rod. If the rod is blocked, it is difficult for the camera to see the situation in the hole completely; the push rod is still connected by a thread, and the thread is easily worn and contaminated by coal ash and rock dust, which affects the work efficiency.
(4)地应力测试用空芯包体小孔安装对中调整装置和使用方法——湖南科技大学(叶洲元等)(4) Centering adjustment device and method of installation for small holes of hollow-core enclosures for ground stress test - Hunan University of Science and Technology (Ye Zhouyuan, etc.)
湖南科技大学叶洲元等公开了一种地应力测试用空芯包体小孔安装对中调整装置和使用方法,包括空芯包体应力计,空芯包体应力计的导向杆第一端部处安装有至少两个可通过充气朝小孔径向发生膨胀来调节导向杆位置的调位脚,各调位脚对应接有通气管,通气管末端连有充气装置,导向杆第二端部处设有可视化系统用于探测小孔环境。通过设置调位脚及可对调位脚充气的充气装置,结合可视化系统即时监测导向杆与小孔中心的相对位置状况,可适时调整导向杆作位置偏移,完成空芯包体与小孔的对中安装,且可一次对中安装到位,装置整体结构简单。Hunan University of Science and Technology Ye Zhouyuan et al. disclose a hollow-core cladding small hole installation and centering adjustment device for ground stress testing and a method of use, including a hollow cladding stress gauge, a hollow cladding stress gauge at the first end of the guide rod At least two adjusting feet are installed that can adjust the position of the guide rod by inflating toward the small hole radially. There are visualization systems for probing the pinhole environment. By setting up the adjusting foot and the inflating device that can inflate the adjusting foot, combined with the visualization system, the relative position of the guide rod and the center of the small hole can be monitored in real time, and the guide rod can be adjusted in time to make the position offset to complete the hollow shell and the small hole. It can be installed in the center, and can be installed in place at one time, and the overall structure of the device is simple.
本发明公开了一种新的空芯包体小孔安装对中装置,但是辅助对中安装过程需要不断地充气和放气,调整位置,耗时长,效率低;摄像头处于导向杆尖头端部,在安装过程中很容易被磕碰坏,且空心包体内的胶水溢出很容易弄花摄像头,造成摄像头报废,设备损失率高。The invention discloses a new hollow-core cladding small hole installation centering device, but the auxiliary centering installation process needs to constantly inflate and deflate, adjust the position, take a long time, and have low efficiency; the camera is located at the tip end of the guide rod , It is easy to be damaged by knocking during the installation process, and the overflow of the glue in the hollow bag can easily mess up the camera, causing the camera to be scrapped and the equipment loss rate is high.
在煤矿井下进行地应力测量时,套孔应力解除法目前在运用上还存在一定的技术困难,主要表现在以下几个方面:When in-situ stress measurement is carried out in coal mines, there are still certain technical difficulties in the application of the casing stress relief method, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
①常用的施工工艺是将矿用钻杆直接与钻头相连接打地应力测试钻孔,然而,套孔应力解除钻孔直径一般为130mm,而矿用钻杆直径一般为50或75mm,所以在打钻过程中,钻杆晃动会非常厉害,又加上煤矿井下地质条件差,岩性复杂,各层岩石强度不同,加上高地应力与钻头自身重力作用,施工成的钻孔往往不是笔直的,都会有一些弯曲,因此在最后套芯解除的时候,一般情况下很难将取芯套筒顺利的送入孔内,不能顺利的进行应力解除,取不出完整的岩芯,当孔较深且地应力较大时,这种问题尤为突出;①The commonly used construction process is to directly connect the mining drill pipe with the drill bit to drill the ground stress test hole. However, the diameter of the hole stress relief hole is generally 130mm, and the diameter of the mining drill pipe is generally 50 or 75mm, so in the During the drilling process, the drill pipe will shake very much. In addition, the underground geological conditions of the coal mine are poor, the lithology is complex, the strength of each layer of rock is different, and the high ground stress and the gravity of the drill bit, the drilled holes are often not straight. , there will be some bending, so when the core is released at the end, it is generally difficult to send the coring sleeve into the hole smoothly, the stress cannot be relieved smoothly, and the complete core cannot be taken out. This problem is particularly prominent when the ground is deep and the in-situ stress is large;
②当钻孔施工完毕进行应力计安装时,需要将应力计送入钻孔底,由于煤矿井下视野不清晰,且钻孔较深,所以根本看不清孔内情况,只能依靠人工感觉将应力计送入孔内,这种情况下,往往无法准确判断是否将应力计安装到孔底的小孔内,以及应力计安装的质量是否合格,若遇到塌孔,阻力会变大,应力计可能会由于碰到掉落的石块而导致无法继续推进,应力计内灌装的胶水也会提前流出,导致应力计和钻孔都报废,浪费人力物力和财力;②When the stress gauge is installed after the drilling is completed, the stress gauge needs to be sent to the bottom of the borehole. Since the underground view of the coal mine is not clear and the borehole is deep, the situation in the hole cannot be seen at all. The stress gauge is sent into the hole. In this case, it is often impossible to accurately judge whether the stress gauge is installed in the small hole at the bottom of the hole, and whether the quality of the stress gauge installation is qualified. The gage may not be able to continue to advance due to the falling stones, and the glue filled in the stress gage will also flow out in advance, resulting in the scrapping of the stress gage and the drill hole, a waste of manpower, material and financial resources;
③套孔应力解除法所用的推杆一般都是采用丝扣连接,由于煤矿井下环境差,地面经常有煤灰和岩粉,加之施工钻孔时经常有水流存在,会打湿煤粉和岩粉,使环境更加恶劣,井下工作空间一般较狭小,推杆难免碰到地面上,推杆的丝扣螺纹因此会沾上湿润的煤粉和岩粉颗粒,很难清理掉,同时螺纹容易磨损,这就会导致螺纹很难拧上,同时由于每连接一根推杆都要拧一次螺纹,这大大的制约了工作效率,给现场工作造成不便,影响生产。③The push rods used in the stress relief method are generally connected by screw threads. Due to the poor underground environment of coal mines, there are often coal ash and rock powder on the ground. In addition, there is often water flow during construction drilling, which will wet the coal powder and rock. The underground working space is generally narrow, the push rod will inevitably hit the ground, and the screw thread of the push rod will be stained with wet coal powder and rock powder particles, which is difficult to clean up, and the thread is easy to wear. , which will make it difficult to screw on the thread. At the same time, because each push rod needs to be screwed once, this greatly restricts the work efficiency, causes inconvenience to on-site work, and affects production.
因此本领域技术人员致力于开发一种能够顺利进行应力解除的用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置及其测试方法。Therefore, those skilled in the art are devoted to developing an in-situ stress testing device and a testing method for the casing stress relieving method that can smoothly perform stress relieving.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够顺利进行应力解除的用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置及其测试方法。In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an in-situ stress testing device and a testing method for the stress relief method of the casing hole which can smoothly perform stress relief.
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置,包括取芯套筒、钻头,还包括呈锥状、且中空的转换接头,所述转换接头的大径端与所述取芯套筒的一端固定连接,所述转换接头的小径端与所述钻头的一端固定连接,所述转换接头的大径等于所述取芯套筒的外径。In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides an in-situ stress testing device for the stress relief method of casing holes, which includes a coring sleeve, a drill bit, and a conical and hollow conversion joint. The diameter end is fixedly connected with one end of the coring sleeve, the small diameter end of the conversion joint is fixedly connected with one end of the drill bit, and the large diameter of the conversion joint is equal to the outer diameter of the coring sleeve.
较佳的,所述转换接头的大径端端部设有沿其径向向内凹陷的第一凸台,所述第一凸台与所述取芯套筒的一端螺纹连接。Preferably, the large-diameter end of the conversion joint is provided with a first boss recessed inward along its radial direction, and the first boss is threadedly connected to one end of the core-taking sleeve.
较佳的,所述转换接头的小径端端部设有沿其径向向内凹陷的第二凸台,所述第二凸台与所述钻头的一端螺纹连接。Preferably, the end of the small diameter end of the adapter is provided with a second boss recessed inward along its radial direction, and the second boss is threadedly connected to one end of the drill bit.
较佳的,所述转换接头的小径端设有卡口。Preferably, the small diameter end of the adapter is provided with a bayonet.
较佳的,还包括钻机、钻杆,所述钻杆的一端与所述钻机固定连接,所述钻杆的另一端与所述取芯套筒的另一端固定连接。Preferably, it also includes a drilling rig and a drilling rod, one end of the drilling rod is fixedly connected to the drilling rig, and the other end of the drilling rod is fixedly connected to the other end of the coring sleeve.
进一步的,还包括窥视定向系统,所述窥视定向系统包括壳体、监测主机,所述壳体中设有姿态仪,所述壳体的一端还设有长焦镜头、360°全景镜头和连接杆,所述连接杆上连接有应力计,所述姿态仪、长焦镜头和360°全景镜头和应力计分别与所述监测主机电气连接;Further, it also includes a peeping orientation system, the peeping orientation system includes a casing and a monitoring host, the casing is provided with an attitude indicator, and one end of the casing is also provided with a telephoto lens, a 360° panoramic lens and a connection. a rod, the connecting rod is connected with a stress gauge, and the attitude gauge, the telephoto lens, the 360° panoramic lens and the stress gauge are respectively electrically connected to the monitoring host;
所述壳体的外周面上设有三个环形排列的万向轮,相邻的两个万向轮之间的夹角为60°。The outer peripheral surface of the casing is provided with three annularly arranged universal wheels, and the included angle between two adjacent universal wheels is 60°.
进一步的,还包括与所述壳体的另一端固定连接的便携推杆,所述便携推杆包括第一杆和第二杆,所述第一杆的一端端部中空、且设有沿其径向向内延伸的限位凸起,所述第二杆的一端伸入所述第一杆的一端,所述第二杆伸入所述第一杆的一端设有与所述限位凸起配合的限位凹槽。Further, it also includes a portable push rod fixedly connected with the other end of the housing, the portable push rod includes a first rod and a second rod, one end of the first rod is hollow, and is provided with a A limit protrusion extending radially inward, one end of the second rod extends into one end of the first rod, and one end of the second rod extending into the first rod is provided with the limit protrusion Matching limit grooves.
较佳的,所述限位凹槽包括依次设置且相互垂直的第一槽、第二槽和第三槽,所述第二杆的一端设有与其螺纹连接的限位环,所述限位环与所述第一杆的一端端部抵接。Preferably, the limit groove includes a first groove, a second groove and a third groove which are arranged in sequence and are perpendicular to each other, and one end of the second rod is provided with a limit ring threadedly connected with the limit ring. The ring is in contact with one end of the first rod.
较佳的,所述第一杆的一端设有锁扣,所述第二杆的一端设有与所述锁扣抵接的限位环,所述锁扣的底部设有弹簧。Preferably, one end of the first rod is provided with a lock, one end of the second rod is provided with a limit ring abutting against the lock, and a bottom of the lock is provided with a spring.
一种上述的用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置的测试方法,包括以下步骤,A test method of the above-mentioned in-situ stress testing device for the stress relief method of casing, comprising the following steps,
第一,将钻杆、取芯套筒、转换接头和钻头依次连接,钻孔打至预定位置;First, connect the drill pipe, coring sleeve, adapter and drill bit in sequence, and drill to the predetermined position;
第二,退出钻杆,卸掉钻头,然后将转换接头更换为锥形头,再将取芯套筒和锥形头送至孔底,施工锥形孔;Second, withdraw the drill pipe, remove the drill bit, then replace the adapter with a conical head, and then send the coring sleeve and conical head to the bottom of the hole to construct a conical hole;
第三,退出钻杆,将小钻头连接到锥形头前端,然后再将其送至孔底施工应力计小孔。Third, withdraw the drill pipe, connect the small drill bit to the front end of the conical head, and then send it to the bottom of the hole to construct the small hole of the stress gauge.
第四,待钻孔干燥后,将应力计安装到连接杆上,将壳体与便携推杆连接,然后将应力计推入钻孔内,在应力计前进过程中,通过监测主机观测孔内情况,观测是否有破碎或者垮孔的情况,当应力计前进到应力计小孔位置时,通过监测主机调整长焦镜头焦距,观察应力计小孔情况,然后将应力计对准小孔,将其送入应力计小孔小孔内,挤出胶水,并观察应力计的安装质量。Fourth, after the borehole is dry, install the stress gauge on the connecting rod, connect the housing with the portable push rod, and then push the stress gauge into the borehole. During the progress of the stress gauge, observe the inside of the hole by monitoring the host. When the stress gauge is advanced to the position of the small hole of the stress gauge, adjust the focal length of the telephoto lens by monitoring the host, observe the condition of the small hole of the stress gauge, and then align the stress gauge with the small hole, put the Put it into the small hole of the stress gauge, squeeze out the glue, and observe the installation quality of the stress gauge.
第五,待胶水干燥后,进行套芯解除。Fifth, after the glue is dry, the core is released.
本发明的有益效果是:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
第一,本发明用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置在使用时第一步打钻孔过程中就已经将取芯套筒连同钻头一起送进了钻孔内,这样就保证了取芯套筒是一定可以进入钻孔内,也就避免了后续取芯套筒不易送进钻孔,难以施工锥形孔以及进行应力解除过程;First, the in-situ stress testing device used for the stress relief method of the casing hole of the present invention has already sent the coring sleeve together with the drill bit into the drilled hole during the first drilling process, thus ensuring the extraction of the core. The core sleeve must be able to enter the drilled hole, which avoids the difficulty of feeding the subsequent core-taking sleeve into the drilled hole, the difficulty of constructing the tapered hole and the stress relief process;
第二,通过本发明用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置的窥视定向系统推进应力计时,能够维持应力计一直在钻孔中央,可以实时测量钻孔的空间轨迹、方位角、倾角以及空心包体应力计的偏转角等参数,可以通过监测主机监视窗清楚地观察到前方是否有垮孔和塌孔等情况,能够将应力计准确安装到应力计小孔内,以确保应力计安装的质量可靠,大大提高安装成功率;同时还可以对钻孔壁特定区域裂隙以及破碎区等进行精细化拍照分析,这样可以为地应力测试提供更多有力的资料;Second, by propelling the stress meter through the peeping orientation system of the in-situ stress testing device for the casing stress relief method of the present invention, the stress meter can be maintained in the center of the borehole all the time, and the spatial trajectory, azimuth, inclination angle and The deflection angle and other parameters of the stress gauge of the hollow body can be clearly observed by monitoring the monitoring window of the host to see if there are collapsed holes and collapsed holes in the front, and the stress gauge can be accurately installed in the small hole of the stress gauge to ensure the installation of the stress gauge. The quality of the drill is reliable, which greatly improves the success rate of installation; at the same time, it can also carry out fine photo analysis of the cracks and broken areas in the specific area of the borehole wall, which can provide more powerful data for the in-situ stress test;
第三,本发明用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置的便携推杆使用简单,连接非常方便,有效地避免了在煤矿井下普通丝扣连接推杆的螺纹由于沾上湿润的煤粉和岩粉颗导致螺纹很难拧上,以及螺纹极易磨损造成推杆报废的问题,提高了工作效率,节约了成本。Third, the portable push rod of the in-situ stress testing device used for the stress relief method of the casing hole of the present invention is simple to use, and the connection is very convenient, which effectively prevents the thread of the common thread connecting push rod from being stained with wet coal powder in the coal mine. And rock powder particles make it difficult to screw on the thread, and the thread is easily worn, causing the push rod to be scrapped, which improves work efficiency and saves costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置的部分结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the in-situ stress testing device used for the casing stress relief method according to the present invention.
图2是本发明用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置中转换接头的结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conversion joint in the ground stress testing device for the stress relief method of the casing according to the present invention.
图3是本发明用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置的另一部分结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another part of the structure of the in-situ stress testing device used in the casing stress relief method according to the present invention.
图4是本发明用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置中窥视定向系统的部分结构主视图。FIG. 4 is a partial front view of the structure of the peeping orientation system in the in-situ stress testing device used for the casing stress relief method of the present invention.
图5是图4的侧视图。FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG. 4 .
图6是本发明用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置中便携推杆的结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable push rod in the ground stress testing device used for the stress relief method of the casing according to the present invention.
图7是本发明用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置中第二杆的端部结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the end structure of the second rod in the in-situ stress testing device for the stress relief method of the casing according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明,需注意的是,在本发明的描述中,术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方式构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, in a specific manner construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.
如图1-图7所示,一种用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置,包括取芯套筒1、钻头2,还包括呈锥状、且中空的转换接头3,水流可以从转换接头中间流过,转换接头3的大径端与取芯套筒1的一端固定连接,转换接头3的小径端与钻头2的一端固定连接,转换接头3的大径φ1等于取芯套筒1的外径。本实施中,转换接头3的小径φ2等于钻头2的一端的外径,与钻头2适配。As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 7, an in-situ stress testing device for casing stress relief method includes a
转换接头3的大径端端部设有沿其径向向内凹陷的第一凸台301,第一凸台301与取芯套筒1的一端螺纹连接。The large diameter end of the
转换接头3的小径端端部设有沿其径向向内凹陷的第二凸台302,第二凸台302与钻头2的一端螺纹连接。The end of the small diameter end of the
转换接头3的小径端设有卡口303。在拆卸时,可以将钳子放置在卡口位置以拧动转换接头,有利于拆卸。The small diameter end of the
还包括钻机4、钻杆5,钻杆5的一端与钻机4固定连接,钻杆5的另一端与取芯套筒1的另一端固定连接。It also includes a
还包括窥视定向系统6,窥视定向系统6包括壳体601、监测主机602,壳体601中设有姿态仪603,壳体601的一端还设有长焦镜头604、360°全景镜头605和连接杆606,连接杆606上连接有应力计607,姿态仪603、长焦镜头604和360°全景镜头605和应力计607分别与监测主机602电气连接;姿态仪、长焦镜头以及360°全景镜头与监测主机的连接方式可以通过线缆连接,也可以是无线连接。It also includes a peeping
壳体601的外周面上设有三个环形排列的万向轮608,相邻的两个万向轮608之间的夹角为60°。360°全景镜头具有超高分辨率,与监测主机连接后,可以通过监测主机监视窗观测到钻孔破碎情况以及钻孔壁上的裂隙发育情况,在钻孔中前进时可以对钻孔壁进行360°全景拍照和录像,与长焦镜头搭配使用,可以对钻孔壁特定区域裂隙以及破碎区等进行精细化拍照分析,这样可以为地应力测试提供更多有力的资料。The outer peripheral surface of the
还包括与壳体601的另一端固定连接的便携推杆7,便携推杆7包括第一杆701和第二杆702,第一杆701的一端端部中空、且设有沿其径向向内延伸的限位凸起7011,第二杆702的一端伸入第一杆701的一端,第二杆702伸入第一杆701的一端设有与限位凸起7011配合的限位凹槽7021。It also includes a
限位凹槽7021包括依次设置且相互垂直的第一槽70211、第二槽70212和第三槽70213,所述第二杆702的一端设有与其螺纹连接的限位环7022,所述限位环7022与所述第一杆701的一端端部抵接。使用时,推动第一杆701,使限位凸起7011进入第一槽70211后旋转进入第二槽70212,然后回拉第一杆701进入第三槽70213,形成对便携推杆止转,旋转限位环7022使其与第一杆701的一端端部抵接,形成对第二杆702的轴向限位,实现了便携推杆的连接。The
上述的用于套孔应力解除法的地应力测试装置的测试方法,包括以下步骤,The above-mentioned test method for the in-situ stress testing device of the casing stress relief method comprises the following steps,
第一,将钻杆5、取芯套筒1、转换接头3和钻头2依次连接,钻孔打至预定位置;First, connect the
第二,退出钻杆5,卸掉钻头2,然后将转换接头3更换为锥形头,再将取芯套筒1和锥形头送至孔底,施工锥形孔;Second, withdraw the
第三,退出钻杆5,将小钻头2连接到锥形头前端,然后再将其送至孔底施工应力计小孔。Third, withdraw the
第四,待钻孔干燥后,将应力计607安装到连接杆606上,将壳体601与便携推杆7连接,然后将应力计607推入钻孔内,在应力计607前进过程中,通过监测主机602观测孔内情况,观测是否有破碎或者垮孔的情况,当应力计607前进到应力计小孔位置时,通过监测主机602调整长焦镜头604焦距,观察应力计小孔情况,然后将应力计607对准小孔,将其送入应力计小孔小孔内,挤出胶水,并观察应力计607的安装质量。Fourth, after the borehole is dry, install the
第五,待胶水干燥后,进行套芯解除。Fifth, after the glue is dry, the core is released.
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解,本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此,凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案,皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art according to the concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims.
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