CN111408070A - Multi-ion treatment system based on isochronous cyclotron - Google Patents
Multi-ion treatment system based on isochronous cyclotron Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002665 ion therapy Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- -1 carbon ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001064 degrader Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 208000011581 secondary neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-ion treatment system based on an isochronous cyclotron, which comprises an accelerator body, a high-energy conveying line and a rotating rack treatment room, wherein the accelerator body is provided with a plurality of linear accelerator groups; the accelerator body comprises a central area, a superconducting magnet, a radio frequency accelerating cavity, a magnetic pole and an extraction system; the superconducting magnet is arranged on the outer side of the central area in a ring shape, the radio frequency accelerating cavity and the magnetic pole are both arranged between the central area and the superconducting magnet, and an accelerating gap is reserved between the radio frequency accelerating cavity and the magnetic pole; the electron cyclotron resonance ion source is arranged at the front end of the accelerator body, generates ions, is injected into the accelerator body, enters the magnetic channel through the extraction system, is conveyed to the high-energy conveying line, and is conveyed to the rotating rack in the rotating rack treatment room through the high-energy conveying line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical treatment, in particular to a multi-ion treatment system based on an isochronous cyclotron.
Background
The unique energy deposition mode of proton heavy ion is the theoretical basis of its superiority in tumor treatment. The biological effect of a proton heavy ion depends on its energy deposition in the organism: the high-energy ion penetration is strong, but the energy deposition is small, and the biological effect is weak; along with the increase of the penetration depth, the energy loss is larger and larger, the energy transmission linear density is increased, and the biological effect is gradually enhanced; the energy is completely released at the end of the range, and the energy deposited on the unit track is the largest, so that a Bragg peak is formed. Therefore, through energy regulation, the Bragg peak is accurately positioned at the tumor part, and the purposes of effectively killing tumor tissues and causing less damage to normal tissues can be achieved.
According to the age distribution of main patients and the type of tumors suitable for radiotherapy at present, based on parameters such as overall control rate, 3/5-year survival rate of patients, recurrence rate and the like, the lethality of carbon ions basically meets clinical requirements, however, in the radiotherapy of tumors of children and teenagers, in order to reduce secondary tumors to the maximum extent, protons become an ideal choice at present.
The patent publication No. CN 107596579B discloses a proton treatment system based on a compact superconducting cyclotron, which solves the technical problems of accurate positioning of a patient's tumor, treatment preparation time, and treatment efficiency to be improved, but due to the limitation of the accelerator, tumor ion knife treatment at home and abroad adopts single energy-carrying proton or heavy ion. Clinical medical accelerators are typically capable of accelerating only one type of ion, e.g., proton accelerators are essentially impossible to produce clinically useful carbon ions.
The medical accelerator can generate two ions, namely proton and carbon ion, the two ions are firstly explored for combined treatment of tumor at home, most of radiation sensitive tissues are killed by proton beam treatment, and then the carbon ion is used for deep treatment, so that exciting clinical curative effect is obtained.
The ion therapy system is constructed by combining protons, α particles and three ions of carbon ions, and is in line with the future development trend.
The accelerators which can be used for generating energy-carrying ions in tumor radiotherapy at present are mainly divided into three types, namely an isochronous cyclotron, a synchrotron and a synchrocyclotron. The isochronous cyclotron restrains and accelerates ions through a fixed magnetic field and an electric field with fixed frequency, and has the remarkable advantages of small volume, low construction cost, and simplicity and convenience in maintenance compared with a synchrocyclotron which needs a variable magnetic field and an electric field with adjustable frequency to synchronously accelerate ions. As for the synchrocyclotron, although the volume compactness is comparable to that of the isochronous cyclotron, the need of a tunable electric field increases the maintenance cost, and in addition, because the beam is pulsed, the dose of the beam for providing the treatment is greatly limited compared with the continuous beam of the isochronous cyclotron, and the treatment efficiency is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a multi-ion therapy system based on an isochronous cyclotron, which solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a multi-ion treatment system based on an isochronous cyclotron comprises an accelerator body, a high-energy conveying line and a rotating rack treatment room;
the accelerator body comprises a central area, a superconducting magnet, a radio frequency accelerating cavity, a magnetic pole and an extraction system; the superconducting magnet is arranged on the outer side of the central area in a ring shape, the radio frequency accelerating cavity and the magnetic pole are both arranged between the central area and the superconducting magnet, and an accelerating gap is reserved between the radio frequency accelerating cavity and the magnetic pole;
the front end of the accelerator body is provided with an electron cyclotron resonance ion source, and the electron cyclotron resonance ion source generates ions which are injected into the accelerator body, enter the magnetic channel through the extraction system, are conveyed to the high-energy conveying line, and then are conveyed to the rotating rack in the rotating rack treatment room through the high-energy conveying line.
As a further scheme of the invention: the electron cyclotron resonance ion source generation12C6+Ions, α particles and H2+Ions are implanted axially into the central region of the accelerator at an energy of 25 keV.
As a further scheme of the invention: the current density of the superconducting magnet is 47amp/mm2, and the superconducting magnet generates a magnetic field of 2.3-4.2T through excitation.
As a further scheme of the invention: the extraction system comprises an electrostatic deflector and a release film;
the above-mentioned12C6+Ions and α particles are deflected and extracted by an electrostatic deflector placed in the peak region, H2+The ions are stripped and extracted by the stripping film.
As a further scheme of the invention: the high-energy transmission line comprises dipolar iron, quadrupole iron and an energy selector;
the ions enter the energy selector through the four-pole iron and the dipolar iron and then enter the rotating rack treatment room through the four-pole iron and the dipolar iron.
As a further scheme of the invention: and beam current blockers are arranged at the outlet of the accelerator body and the inlet of the treatment room of the rotating rack.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the superconducting magnet is arranged on the outer side of the central area in a ring shape, ions can be restrained from doing cyclotron motion, safe and stable operation of the superconducting magnet can be guaranteed, the size of a bare wire selected by the superconducting magnet is 1.20 × 0.75.75 mm, the size after being enameled is 1.28 × 0.83.83 mm, and the critical current of the superconducting magnet at 4.4T is 565A2During the process, the magnetic field with the average value of 2.3-4.2T can be generated by excitation, so that ions can be restrained from doing rotary motion, and the safe and stable operation of the ion source can be ensured.
The radio frequency accelerating cavity and the magnetic pole are arranged between the central area and the superconducting magnet, accelerating gaps are reserved between the radio frequency accelerating cavity and the magnetic pole, the radio frequency accelerating cavity and the magnetic pole are distributed in an equidistant mode, the accelerating gaps are formed between the radio frequency accelerating cavity and the magnetic pole, single-circle energy gain of ions can be increased to increase circle distance to facilitate leading-out, the radio frequency accelerating cavity works at the frequency of 102.5MHz, 4-time harmonic acceleration can be carried out on the particles, and therefore the particles are accelerated12C6+The ion and α particles reach 300MeV extraction energy, H2+The ion reaches the extraction energy of 260MeV, the magnetic pole 12 is an isochronal shimming magnetic pole, and the deviation of the cyclotron frequency and the resonance cyclotron frequency of the ion is smaller than 1 × 10 through the isochronal shimming magnetic pole-4The sliding phase is less than 20 degrees to ensure12C6+Ions, α particles and H2+Normal acceleration of the ions.
The high-energy transmission line is arranged, the extracted beam is transported to the high-energy transmission line, the high-energy transmission line is composed of secondary iron and quaternary iron, and the beam is focused, deflected and transported to the high-energy transmission lineAn energy selector for switching12C6+Ions, α particles and H2+The ion energy is reduced to the range required for treatment. The core component of the energy selector is a graphite energy degrader, and the graphite energy degrader adjusts the fixed energy of the extracted beam into continuously adjustable energy by adjusting the thickness of the wedge-shaped graphite block in the beam direction. The beam current passes through the energy selector and then further passes through the secondary iron and the quaternary iron and is sent to a rotary rack treatment room.
The multi-ion treatment system based on the isochronous cyclotron can realize multi-ion combination treatment and realize targeted treatment of different tumors; the superconducting technology is used for the magnet system, so that the size of the accelerator host is greatly reduced, the weight and the occupied area of the accelerator are reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an accelerator body in an isochronous cyclotron-based multi-ion therapy system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an isochronous cyclotron-based multi-ion therapy system;
in the figure: 1. an accelerator body; 2. a high-energy conveying line; 3. a rotating gantry treatment room; 4. a beam blocker; 5. four-pole iron; 6. dipolar iron; 7. an energy selector; 8. rotating the frame; 9. a central region; 10. a superconducting magnet; 11. a radio frequency accelerating cavity; 12. a magnetic pole; 13. stripping the film; 14. an electrostatic deflector; 15. and a magnetic channel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, in an embodiment of the present invention, an isochronous cyclotron-based multi-ion therapy system includes an accelerator body 1, a high-energy transport line 2, and a rotating gantry treatment room 3;
the accelerator body 1 comprises a central area 9, a superconducting magnet 10, a radio frequency accelerating cavity 11, a magnetic pole 12 and an extraction system; the superconducting magnet 10 is arranged on the outer side of the central area 9 in a ring shape, the radio frequency accelerating cavity 11 and the magnetic pole 12 are both arranged between the central area 9 and the superconducting magnet 10, and an accelerating gap is reserved between the radio frequency accelerating cavity 11 and the magnetic pole 12;
the front end of the accelerator body 1 is provided with an electron cyclotron resonance ion source, the electron cyclotron resonance ion source generates ions, the ions are injected into the accelerator body 1, enter the magnetic channel 15 through the extraction system, are conveyed to the high-energy conveying line 2, and then are conveyed to the rotating rack 8 in the rotating rack treatment room 3 through the high-energy conveying line 2.
The bare wire size selected for the superconducting magnet 10 is 1.20 × 0.75.75 mm, the size after the enamelling is 1.28 × 0.83.83 mm, and the critical current at the magnetic field of 4.4T is 565A. the current density of the superconducting magnet is 47amp/mm2During the process, the magnetic field with the average value of 2.3-4.2T can be generated by excitation, so that ions can be restrained from doing rotary motion, and the safe and stable operation of the ion source can be ensured.
The low-temperature system can stably provide a low-temperature environment of 4.2K so as to ensure the operation of the superconducting magnet.
The power supply provides current for the superconducting magnet and is provided with quench protection.
Electron cyclotron resonance ion source generation12C6+Ions, α particles and H2+Ions are injected axially into the central region 9 of the accelerator at an energy of 25 keV.
The electron cyclotron resonance ion source can be stably generated12C6+Ions, α particles and H2+The three ions are generated, and simultaneously the low emittance of the extracted beam current is ensured, so that less ions are lost during the injection into the cyclotron after passing through the low-energy transmission line, the electron cyclotron resonance ion source can stably run for more than 100 hours, and the extracted ion current intensity is more than 20 mA.
The radio frequency accelerating cavity 11 and the magnetic poles 12 are both 4 and distributed at equal intervals, 8 accelerating gaps are formed between the radio frequency accelerating cavity 11 and the magnetic poles 12, so that the energy gain of a single circle of ions can be increased to increase the circle distance for being led out, and the radio frequency accelerating cavity 11 works atAt 102.5MHz, 4-order harmonic acceleration can be performed on the particles, so that12C6+The ion and α particles reach 300MeV extraction energy, H2+The ions reached an extraction energy of 260 MeV.
The magnetic pole 12 is an isochronal shimmed magnetic pole, and the deviation of the cyclotron frequency and the resonance cyclotron frequency of the ions can be smaller than 1 × 10 through the isochronal shimmed magnetic pole-4The sliding phase is less than 20 degrees to ensure12C6+Ions, α particles and H2+Normal acceleration of the ions.
The current density of the superconducting magnet 10 is 47amp/mm2, and the superconducting magnet 10 generates a magnetic field of 2.3-4.2T through excitation to restrain12C6+Ions, α particles and H2+The ions do the rotary motion, and the low current density can ensure the safety and the stability of the ions.
The lead-out system includes an electrostatic deflector 14 and a peeling film 13;
12C6+ions and α particles are deflected out by an electrostatic deflector 14 placed in the peak region, H2+Ions are stripped and extracted by the stripping film 13, and after the ions are deflected by the electrostatic deflector 14 or stripped by the stripping film 13, the ions enter the magnetic channel 15 and are focused, so that the particles are ensured to be finally extracted out of the accelerator according to a designed track.
The high-energy transmission line 2 comprises a dipolar iron 6, a quadrupole iron 5 and an energy selector 7;
the energy selector 7 enables the beam energy to be continuously adjustable through the arranged graphite energy reducer, and reduces the high-energy beam led out from the accelerator body 1 into the energy required by treatment;
for H2+Ion beam, the energy of which is adjustable between 0-260MeV, for α particles and H2+The ion beam, the energy of which is adjustable between 0 and 300MeV, further focuses and deflects the reduced beam through a section of high-energy transport line 2, and sends the beam to a rotating frame treatment room 3.
The ions enter the energy selector 7 through the four-pole iron 5 and the two-pole iron 6, then enter the four-pole iron 5 and the two-pole iron 6 and are sent to the rotating rack treatment room 3.
The exit of the accelerator body 1 and the entrance of the rotating frame treatment room 3 are provided with beam current blockers 4 to realize multiple cutoff protection.
The radio frequency system provides high voltage for leading out the beam of the ion source in the isochronous cyclotron, and simultaneously provides a stable and efficient accelerating electric field for accelerating charged ions, so that the charged ions are effectively accelerated to reach the required energy.
The radio frequency system comprises a high-power radio frequency source, an accelerating cavity, a radio frequency transmission system and a low-level control system.
The high-power radio frequency source provides high-frequency power supply for the acceleration system, and meanwhile, the amplitude of the acceleration voltage is kept stable. The high-power radio frequency source combines a two-stage amplification framework solid front stage and an electronic tube cavity power amplification mode to provide enough accelerating electric field for multiple ions. The high-power radio frequency source adopts an 1/4-wavelength coaxial short circuit cavity to realize tuning of an amplification output cavity, and outputs a vacuum adjustable capacitor to realize tuning.
The accelerating cavity converts the radio frequency power into a high frequency voltage electric field for accelerating the multiple ions.
The accelerating cavity can provide high voltage of 60kV to lead out beam current; the accelerating cavity can provide an accelerating electric field with the frequency of 97MHz and the voltage of 60-120Kv to accelerate the multi-ion.
The radio frequency transmission system transmits the power of the high-power radio frequency source to the accelerating cavity, simultaneously monitors the incident power and the reflected power, and avoids the reflected power from directly entering the high-power radio frequency source to damage equipment.
The low-level control system controls the amplitude and phase stability of the acceleration system and adjusts the resonant frequency. Wherein the amplitude stability of the accelerating electric field is 10-3Within, the phase stability is within 0.1 deg.
The extracted beam is transported to a high-energy transport line 2, the high-energy transport line 2 consists of a secondary iron 6 and a quaternary iron 5, and the beam is focused and deflected in the high-energy transport line 2 and transported to an energy selector 7 for being used for selecting the beam to be transmitted to the energy selector12C6+Ions, α particles and H2+The ion energy is reduced to the range required for treatment. The core component of the energy selector 7 is a graphite energy degrader which adjusts the thickness of the wedge-shaped graphite block in the beam direction,the energy of the fixed extracted beam is adjusted to be continuously adjustable. The beam passes through an energy selector 7 and then further passes through a secondary iron 6 and a quaternary iron 5 and is sent to a rotary rack treatment room 3. Beam current blockers 4 are arranged at the outlet of the accelerator body 1 and the inlet of the rotary treatment room 3 so as to realize multiple cutoff protection. The rotating frame 8 is installed in the rotating frame treatment room 3, and the beam can be emitted by the rotating frame 8 and finally irradiated into a patient body through equipment such as a pen-shaped scanning beam installed at the tail end of the rotating frame 8.
Although the present description is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should be able to integrate the description as a whole, and the embodiments can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Therefore, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application; all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (6)
1. A multi-ion treatment system based on an isochronous cyclotron, characterized by comprising an accelerator body (1), a high-energy delivery line (2) and a rotating rack treatment room (3);
the accelerator body (1) comprises a central area (9), a superconducting magnet (10), a radio frequency accelerating cavity (11), a magnetic pole (12) and an extraction system; the superconducting magnet (10) is arranged on the outer side of the central area (9) in a ring shape, the radio frequency accelerating cavity (11) and the magnetic pole (12) are both arranged between the central area (9) and the superconducting magnet (10), and an accelerating gap is reserved between the radio frequency accelerating cavity (11) and the magnetic pole (12);
the electron cyclotron resonance ion source is arranged at the front end of the accelerator body (1), generates ions, is injected into the accelerator body (1), enters the magnetic channel (15) through the extraction system, is conveyed to the high-energy conveying line (2), and is conveyed to the rotating rack (8) in the rotating rack treatment room (3) through the high-energy conveying line (2).
2. The isochronous cyclotron-based multi-ion therapy system of claim 1, wherein the ECR ion source generates12C6+Ions, α particles and H2+Ions are injected axially into the central region (9) of the accelerator at an energy of 25 keV.
3. The isochronous cyclotron-based multi-ion therapy system of claim 1, wherein the superconducting magnet (10) has a current density of 47 amps/mm 2, and the superconducting magnet (10) generates a magnetic field of 2.3-4.2T when excited.
4. An isochronous cyclotron-based multi-ion therapy system according to claim 2, wherein the extraction system comprises an electrostatic deflector (14) and a stripping membrane (13);
12C6+ions and α particles are deflected and extracted by an electrostatic deflector (14) placed in the peak region, H2+The ions are stripped and extracted by the stripping film (13).
5. The isochronous cyclotron-based multi-ion therapy system of claim 1, wherein the high energy delivery line (2) includes a dipole iron (6), a quadrupole iron (5), and an energy selector (7);
the ions enter the energy selector (7) through the four-pole iron (5) and the dipolar iron (6), and then enter the rotating rack treatment room (3) through the four-pole iron (5) and the dipolar iron (6).
6. The isochronous cyclotron-based multi-ion therapy system of claim 1, wherein beam blockers (4) are provided at both the exit of the accelerator body (1) and the entrance of the rotating gantry treatment chamber (3).
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| CN114916118A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-16 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Can accelerate alpha particles and H 2+ Cyclotron for particles and high-gain high-precision method |
| WO2023226245A1 (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-11-30 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | CYCLOTRON CAPABLE OF ACCELERATING α PARTICLES AND H2 + PARTICLES, AND HIGH-GAIN METHOD AND HIGH-PRECISION METHOD |
| US20240121880A1 (en) * | 2022-10-06 | 2024-04-11 | Heron Neutron Medical Corp. | Superconducting electromagnet component and isochronous cyclotron including the same |
| US12349265B2 (en) * | 2022-10-06 | 2025-07-01 | Heron Neutron Medical Corp. | Superconducting electromagnet component and isochronous cyclotron including the same |
| TWI895780B (en) * | 2022-10-06 | 2025-09-01 | 禾榮科技股份有限公司 | Superconducting electromagnet component and isochronous cyclotron including the same |
| CN116421899A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-07-14 | 杭州嘉辐科技有限公司 | Superconducting heavy ion rotating gantry |
| CN116421899B (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-04-09 | 杭州嘉辐科技有限公司 | Superconductive heavy ion rotary frame |
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