CN111405906A - 用于治疗癌症的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请提供一种在一个体中治疗癌症的免疫组合物。所述免疫组合物包括一用于治疗癌症的免疫治疗成份(immunotherapeutics),以及一具有SEQ ID NOs.1‑3且可选择性地和细胞趋化因子(CXC chemokine receptor 4;CXCR4)结合之多肽。当所述免疫组合物的所述多肽和细胞趋化因子(CXCR4)结合时,同时也调控了所述肿瘤的免疫微环境和/或调节免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤的可达性。本揭露也同时提供了一种使用所述免疫组合物治疗癌症的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张2017年9月18日提交的美国临时申请No.62/559728的优先权,所述美国临时申请通过引用文献加入本文。
技术领域
本申请与一免疫组合物有关,所述免疫组合物为一可选择性地和细胞趋化因子(CXC chemokine receptor 4;CXCR4)结合之多肽与一种或多种免疫治疗成份之组合。
背景技术
除了化疗、放射线治疗和手术以外,免疫疗法已被认为是癌症治疗的第四大重点。现有的癌症免疫治疗成份(immunotherapeutics)主要为能够阻断T细胞检查点受体(T-cell checkpoint receptor)和他们的同族配位体(cognate ligand)之蛋白-蛋白间交互作用(protein-protein interaction)的单株抗体(monoclonal antibodies;mAbs)。临床上已被核准的单株抗体包括了T细胞检查点抑制抗体Ipilimumab(Bristol-Myers-Squibbs公司的)、Pembrolizumab(Merck公司的)、Nivolumab(Bristol-Myers-Squibbs公司的)、Aterzolizumab(Roche和Genetech公司的)、Avelumab(EMD Serno公司的)和Duravalumab(AstraZeneca公司的)。
特别地,Ipilmumab为可和细胞毒杀型T淋巴细胞抗原4(cytotoxic Tlymphocyte-associated antigen 4;CTLA4)受体蛋白质直接结合的一全人类IgG1单株抗体。Pembrolizumab和Nivolumab为人类化(humanized)抗细胞程序性死亡蛋白(Programmedcell death protein 1;PD-1)之单株抗体,其可以阻断PD-1和其配位体之结合,进而干扰T细胞的讯息传递以及细胞死亡。而Atezolizumab、Avelumab和Durvalumab也为人类化抗细胞程序性死亡蛋白配位体一(Programmed cell death protein ligand 1;PD-L1)之单株抗体,其也能够藉由抑制受体和PD-L1之间的结合。
同时,基因改造自体T细胞疗法在T细胞活化和癌症细胞靶向中会以更直接的方式执行,且也在血癌中展现出显著的临床反应。在上述疗法中,嵌合抗原受体(chimericantigen receptor)或对癌症有靶向特异性的T细胞受体(target-specific T cellreceptors;TCRs)在体外转导并表现于一病患的T细胞中,以在将所述T细胞注入所述病患以前培养其肿瘤细胞特异性。
然而,由于引发有效的T细胞抗癌反应或活化相关的免疫抑制机制需要多个步骤,现有的单一免疫疗法通常会造成较差的免疫反应或无法克服肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制机制。因此,在大部分的癌症病患中,现有的单一免疫疗法会导致免疫逃脱(immune escape)或肿瘤持续成长,造成治疗功效不佳。
发明内容
本申请的目的为提供一种经一佐剂强化且可促进有效抗肿瘤免疫反应之免疫疗法。
本申请的另一目的为提供一种能够调节肿瘤微环境中之免疫抑制机制的免疫佐剂。
本申请的的一种实施例提供了一种用于治疗癌症的组合物。所述组合物包括一种可治疗癌症的免疫治疗成份(immunotherapeutics),以及一种多肽,其包括SEQ ID NOs.1-3的其中一种序列且能选择性地和细胞趋化因子(CXC chemokine receptor 4;CXCR4)结合。
较佳地,所述免疫治疗成份可选择性地以CTLA-4、PD-1、PD-L1、TIM-3、LAG-3、B7-1、B7-H3、NKG2A、KIR、BTLA、VISTA/PD-1H、TIGIT、CD96、OX40、CD28、ICOS、HVEM、41BB、CD40L、CD137、GITR、CD27、CD30、DNAM-1、CD28H或上述之辅受体(co-receptor)做为目标。
较佳地,所述免疫治疗成份可为一抗体、一疫苗、一细胞激素(cytokine)、一蛋白质、一多肽、一具有所述蛋白质或所述多肽编码的表现载体、一小分子、一RNA干扰(RNAi)或一适体(apatmer)。
较佳地,所述免疫治疗成份为自体免疫细胞(autologous immune cells)、具肿瘤特异性的自体T细胞(autologous T cells)、具经修改之T细胞受体(T-cell receptors;TCR)的T细胞或具嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptors;CARs)的T细胞。
较佳地,所述多肽和CXCR4结合时会调节所述肿瘤的一免疫微环境(immunemicroenvironment)。
较佳地,所述多肽和CXCR4结合时会调节所述免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤的可达性。
较佳地,所述免疫细胞包括CD45阳性(CD45+)细胞、CD3阳性(CD3+)T细胞、CD4阳性CD8阴性(CD4+CD8-)T细胞、CD4阴性CD8阳性(CD4-CD8+)T细胞、调节T细胞(regulatory T-cell)、自然杀手细胞(NK cells)、自然杀手T细胞(NKT cells)、巨噬细胞(macrophages)、颗粒球(granulocytes)或单核球(monocytes)。
较佳地,可被所述免疫组合物治疗的癌症为乳癌、直肠癌、肺癌、胰脏癌、摄护腺癌、肾脏癌、肝癌、淋巴癌或黑色素瘤。
本申请的另一种实施例提供了一种治疗癌症的方法。所述方法包括以下一步骤:递送前述之免疫组合物至一个体中。
较佳地,所述多肽是以静脉注射、皮下注射或腹膜内注射(intraperitoneal)的方式递送至所述个体中。
总之,根据本申请的一种或多种实施例,所述多肽包括SEQ ID NOs.1-3的其中一种序列(例如:PTX-9908)并和所述免疫治疗成份互补且能协同调控肿瘤免疫微环境,和/或调节免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤的可达性。
附图说明
以下之图式将绘示本申请的一种或多种实施例,且将和说明书一同解释本申请的原理。同样的标号将尽量用于图式中以参照到一实施例中相同或相似的元件。
图1为符合本申请的一种实施例之PTX-9908调控肿瘤微环境(microenvironment)中免疫抑制机制以增进免疫组合物之疗效的示意图。
图2A为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示MC38异种移植小鼠模型(xenograft mouse model)在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其平均肿瘤体积之不同。
图2B为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示MC38异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其肿瘤体积抑制率之不同。
图3A为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示MC38异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其肿瘤重量之不同。
图3B为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示MC38异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其肿瘤成长抑制率(tumor growth inhibition;TGI)之不同。
图4为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示MC38异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其体重的一致性。
图5为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示MC38异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其肿瘤组织内免疫细胞种类之不同。
图6A为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示EMT-6异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其平均肿瘤体积之不同。
图6B为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示EMT-6异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其肿瘤体积抑制率之不同。
图7A为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示EMT-6异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其肿瘤重量之不同。
图7B为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示EMT-6异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其肿瘤成长抑制率之不同。
图8为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示EMT-6异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其体重的一致性。
图9为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示EMT-6异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其肿瘤组织内免疫细胞种类之不同。
图10A为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示LL/2异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其平均肿瘤体积之不同。
图10B为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示LL/2异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其肿瘤体积抑制率之不同。
图11为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示LL/2异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其体重的一致性。
图12为符合本申请的一种实施例之一实验结果,所述实验结果显示LL/2异种移植小鼠模型在以所述治疗组合物治疗或未以所述治疗组合物治疗时,其肿瘤组织内免疫细胞之种类。
就一般的实施方式而言,前述的各种特征并非符合比例且是特别强调和本申请有关的特征。相似的标号在本申请的图式和文字之中代表相似的元件。
具体实施方式
以下将更完整的叙述本申请,并引用绘示本发明中各种不同实施例的图示。本申请可能会以不同形式实施,且在解释时不应限制于以下的实施例。相反的,所提供的这些实施例是为了要使本申请内容彻底且完整,且对本领域技术人员完整传递本申请的范畴。相似的标号在本申请的图式和文字之中代表相似的元件。
以下的〝PTX-9908〞(也被称为CTCE-9908)为一小型多肽模拟物(analog peptide)具有SEQ ID NOs:1-3之中的任一序列且包含基质细胞衍生因子1(stromal cell derivedfactor one;SDF-1)的一部份序列之单体(monomer)或双体(dimer)。PTX-9908为一CXCR4拮抗物且会阻止SDF-1和CXCR4的结合。CXCR4为一七部穿膜G1偶联受体蛋白(seventransmembrane G1-coupled protein)且广泛的表现于免疫细胞之中;包括T细胞、B细胞、单核球、多形核细胞(polymorphonuclear cells;PMNCs)、未成熟树状细胞(dendriticcells)和固态以及造血组织恶性肿瘤都会表现CXCR4。所述SDF-1/CXCR4途径已被证实和免疫细胞之动员、癌症移转(cancer metastasis)以及人类免疫不全症病毒(humanimmunodeficiency virus;HIV)进入细胞的途径有关。
本申请中的PTX-9908可根据美国专利第7,423,011号所描述的方法取得。在本揭露的诸多实施例中,PTX-9908可为一实质上经纯化之多肽、一经纯化之多肽片段、一经修饰的多肽、一经修饰的多肽片段或一PTX-9908之类似物。
于本申请中〝免疫治疗成份〞包括但不限于:单株抗体(monoclonal antibodies)、疫苗、重组细胞激素(recombinant cytokines)、具亲和性之蛋白(affinity protein)或经改造的非抗体多肽、有所述具亲和性之蛋白或非抗体多肽编码的表现载体(expressionvector)、小分子、RNA干扰和/或以下之分子靶向的适体:细胞毒杀型T淋巴细胞抗原4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4;CTLA-4)、程序性细胞死亡蛋白(programmed cell death-1;PD-1)、程序性细胞死亡配体1(programmed cell deathligand-1;PD-L1)、T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白分子3(T-cell immunoglobulin and mucindomain 3;TIM-3)、淋巴球启动基因3(lymphocyte-activation gene 3;LAG-3)、分化群80(cluster of differentiation 80;CD80)、分化群276(CD276,也可称为B7-H3)、分化群94(CD94,也可称为NKG2A)、杀手细胞类免疫球蛋白受体(killer-cell immunoglobulin-likereceptor;KIR)、B和T淋巴球减弱子(B-and T-lymphocyte attenuator;BTLA)、抑制T细胞活化的免疫球蛋白V型结构域(V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation;VISTA)、程序性细胞死亡蛋白同源物(programmed cell death-1 homolog;PD-1H)、T细胞免疫球蛋白和免疫受体酪胺酸基抑制结构域(T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptortyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain;TIGIT)、分化群96(CD96)、分化群134(CD134,也可称为OX40)、分化群28(CD28)、诱导T细胞共刺激分子(inducible T-cellcostimulatory;ICOS)、疱疹病毒进入调控因子(herpes virus entry mediator;HVEM)、分化群137(CD137,也可称为41BB)、分化群154(CD154,也可称为CD40L)、醣皮质素诱导之TNFR相关蛋白(glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein;GITR)、分化群27(CD27)、分化群30(CD30)、DNAX辅助分子1(DNAX accessory molecule-1;DNAM-1)、分化群28同源物(CD28 homolog;CD28H)或其他免疫细胞受体和上述之辅受体。
〝免疫治疗成份〞一词在本申请中也可指〝免疫治疗细胞〞,例如细胞激素诱导之杀手细胞(cytokine-induced killer cells;CIK cells)、自然杀手细胞、树状细胞、树状-细胞激素诱导之杀手细胞(DC-CIK cells)、γδT细胞(Gamma-delta T cell)、自体免疫细胞(autologous immune cells)、基因改造之具嵌合抗原受体的T细胞(geneticallyengineered chimeric antigen receptor T;CAR-T)、具基因改造之T细胞受体的T细胞(genetically engineered TCR T cells)、具肿瘤特异性的自体T细胞、自体肿瘤浸润淋巴球(autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocyte;autologous TIL)和/或免疫细胞疗法中用来注射入一个体的基因改造之周边血单核细胞。
〝免疫细胞〞一词在本申请中也可包括CD45阳性细胞、CD3阳性T细胞、CD4阳性CD8阴性T细胞、CD4阴性CD8阳性T细胞、调节T细胞、自然杀手细胞、自然杀手T细胞、巨噬细胞、颗粒球、单核球、细胞激素诱导之杀手细胞、树状细胞、树状-细胞激素诱导之杀手细胞、γδT细胞、基因改造之具嵌合抗原受体的T细胞、具基因改造之T细胞受体的T细胞、具肿瘤特异性的自体T细胞、自体肿瘤浸润淋巴球和/或免疫细胞疗法中用来注射入一个体的基因改造之周边血单核细胞。
〝治疗〞或〝疗法〞一词在本申请中涵盖了能改善病程进展的治疗(diseasemodifying treatment)和对症状的治疗(symptomatic treatment),即分别为在症状发作之能降低病程严重度的治疗和/或缓解症状的治疗。本申请提供的治疗方法大致包括:给予一个体有效治疗剂量的一种或多种小分子、多肽、抗体、RNA干扰或适体。适合的个体包括被识别出已罹患或易罹患一种或多种疾病的病患。适合接受治疗的典型病患包括哺乳动物,更精确地来说为灵长类,特别是人类。其他适合的病患包括伴侣动物,例如狗、猫或马等;或为一家畜,例如牛、猪或羊等。
根据本申请的一种面向,PTX-9908是用于与一种或多种免疫治疗成份结合以治疗或产生一医药成分以治疗多种癌症。所述多种癌症包括但不限于:无法切除性(unresectable)或转移性(metastatic)黑色素瘤(melanoma)、转移性非小细胞肺癌(metastatic non-small cell lung cancer;NSCLS)、复发(recurrent)或转移性头颈鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck;SCCHN)、典型何杰金氏淋巴瘤(classical Hodgkin lymphoma;cHL)、晚期原位(locally advanced)或转移性尿道癌(urothelial carcinoma)、带有高度微卫星体不稳定性(microsatellite instability-high;MSI-H)生物标记或误配修补缺陷(mismatch repair deficiency;dMMR)的固态瘤、转移性肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma)、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma;HCC)、转移性Merkel氏细胞癌(Merkel cell carcinoma;MCC)或皮肤、肺、肾、膀胱、头颈、肝、乳房和其他身体器官的其他类上皮细胞癌(carcinoma),以及白血病(leukemia)、多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma)和消化系统的其他种肿瘤。
在某些实施例中,肿瘤免疫微环境可因PTX-9908和CXCR4之结合而被调节。例如,如图1所示,PTX-9908和CXCR4之结合关系可能使肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制机制被弱化,进而使和PTX-9908一同使用之免疫治疗成份(如:抗体)进入肿瘤微环境中,发挥其完整的治疗能力。
在其他实施例中,PTX-9908和CXCR4结合时也可调节免疫细胞相对于肿瘤位置之可达性。如图1所示,PTX-9908和CXCR4之结合关系可能导致免疫细胞之浸润或动员能力于肿瘤中被调节,使与癌症有关之纤维母细胞(cancer associated fibroblast)构成之屏蔽较松散,因此使细胞毒杀免疫细胞(又称为免疫作用细胞(immune effector cells),可为细胞毒杀T细胞(Cytotoxic T cell,即为CD8阳性T细胞)和自然杀手T细胞,或未显示于图1中的CD3阳性T细胞或自然杀手细胞)或免疫治疗细胞到达所述肿瘤处并歼灭所述肿瘤,和/或降低位于肿瘤微环境之免疫抑制细胞(可为单核球、颗粒球或调节T细胞)的量。
在本申請的另一面向,PTX-9908是用于与一种或多种免疫治疗成份结合以治疗或产生一医药成分以治疗多种病毒感染。上述病毒感染包括但不限于以下病毒所造成的感染:人类免疫不全症病毒、人类乳突状瘤病毒(human papilomavirus;HPV)、Epstein-Barr二氏病毒(Epstein-Barr virus;EBV)、巨细胞病毒(Cytomegalovirus;CMV)、人类疱疹病毒(human herpesvirus;HHV)、水痘带状病毒(Varicella zoster virus;VZV)、肝炎病毒(hepatitis virus)、麻疹病毒(measles virus)、腺病毒(adenovirus)或其他可能会在宿主体内造成持续性感染的病毒。
在某些实施例中,PTX-9908和CXCR4结合时可调节病毒感染处的免疫微环境。例如,PTX-9908和CXCR4之结合可能导致病毒感染处之免疫抑制机制被弱化,进而使免疫治疗成份之组合(如:抗体)发挥其完整的治疗能力。
在其他实施例中,免疫细胞相对于病毒感染处之可达性也可于PTX-9908和CXCR4结合时被调节。例如:PTX-9908和CXCR4之结合可能导致在病毒感染处的免疫细胞之浸润或动员能力提高,进而使被活化的免疫细胞或免疫治疗细胞到达感染处并歼灭所述病毒。
本申请的再一面向和一种治疗已罹患或易罹患一种或多种癌症的一个体之方法有关。上述癌症可包括无法切除性或转移性黑色素瘤、转移性非小细胞肺癌、复发或转移性头颈鳞状细胞癌、典型何杰金氏淋巴瘤、晚期原位或转移性尿道癌、带有高度微卫星体不稳定性生物标记或误配修补缺陷的固态瘤、转移性肾细胞癌、肝细胞癌、转移性Merkel氏细胞癌或皮肤、肺、肾、膀胱、头颈、肝、乳房和其他身体器官的其他种上皮细胞癌,以及白血病、多发性骨髓瘤和消化系统的其他种肿瘤。
在一实施例中,所述方法包括给予所述个体PTX-9908和一种或多种免疫治疗成份的组合。较佳地,以静脉注射、皮下注射或腹膜内注射方式给予所述个体PTX-9908。所述被给予的PTX-9908较佳地为能够调节肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制机制和/或能够调节免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤之可达性的一有效治疗剂量。换言之,PTX-9908以能够和免疫治疗成份之组合产生协同效应的一剂量被递送至所述个体中。
本申请的再一面向和一种治疗已罹患或易罹患一种或多种病毒感染的一个体之方法有关。上述病毒感染可包括以下病毒所造成的感染:人类免疫不全症病毒、人类乳突瘤病毒、Epstein-Barr二氏病毒、巨细胞病毒、人类疱疹病毒、水痘带状病毒、肝炎病毒、麻疹病毒、腺病毒或其他可能会在宿主体内造成持续性感染的病毒。
在一实施例中,所述方法包括给予所述个体PTX-9908和一种或多种免疫治疗成份的组合。较佳地,以静脉注射皮下注射或腹膜内注射方式给予所述个体PTX-9908。所述被给予的PTX-9908较佳地为能够调节病毒感染处微环境中的免疫抑制机制和/或能够调节免疫细胞相对于所述感染处之可达性的一有效治疗剂量。换言之,PTX-9908以能够和免疫治疗成份产生协同效应的一剂量被递送至所述个体中。
一〝有效治疗剂量〞指的是为了达成所需治疗成效(如阻止或抑制肿瘤成长,或使感染处或循环系统中的病毒量下降)于所需之治疗时间中有效之剂量。一PTX-9908的有效治疗剂量可能会因各种因素而改变,如:所述个体的病程、年龄、性别和体重,以及PTX-9908在所述个体中引发所需反应之能力。有效治疗剂量也可为之PTX-9908其所带来的治疗之益远大于其毒性或有害反应的一剂量。
需特别注意的是,PTX-9908之剂量可能会因病况严重的程度而有不同,可调整给药方案以提供优化治疗。对任何个体而言,应根据专业人士或监控给药过程者之判断,随着时间依所述个体需求,特别调整给药方案。
为了优化PTX-9908递送至所述个体之过程,PTX-9908较佳地可和一药学上可被接受的载体(carrier)或赋形剂(excipient)结合,上述之所述载体或所述赋形剂可包括各种溶剂、分散液、涂层、抗菌(antibacterial)或抗真菌(antifungal)剂、等张(isotonic)剂或推迟吸收剂(absorption delay agents)等可和人体生理上相容的各种介质。在一实施例中,所述载体适合以注射(parenteral)方式递送。另外,所述载体也适合以静脉注射、皮下注射、腹膜内注射、肌肉注射(intramuscular)、舌下给药或口服方式递送。药学上可被接受的载体包括无菌液态溶液或分散液,和用来实时调配无菌注射液或介质之无菌粉末。
PTX-9908之剂型也可为溶液、微乳夜(microemulsion)、微脂体(liposome)或其他具规律之结构,使有效成分达高浓度。所述载体也可为一溶液或分散液,所述溶液或所述分散液可包括:水、乙醇、多元醇(polyol,例如:甘油(glycerol)、丙二醇(propyleneglycol)、液态聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol))或上述物质之混合物。如需维持适当的流动性,则需使用如卵磷脂(lecithin)类的介质;如在分散液或在接口活性剂(surfactant)之中则须维持所需的粒子大小。在许多情况下,所述剂型成分之中最好包括等张剂,例如:糖、多元醇如甘露醇(mannitol)或山梨醇(sorbitol),或氯化钠(sodium chloride)。如需使所述可注射剂型有较长的吸收时间,则可以于所述剂型成分之中包括一推迟吸收剂,例如:单硬脂酸酯(monostearate)和明胶(gelatin)。所述可注射剂型也可和一种或多种化合物共同配置以增加PTX-9908之可溶性。
更进一步地,PTX-9908也可以一延时释放剂型(time release formulation)给药,例如在包括一缓释聚合物的成份之中被递送;或也可和能够使PTX-9908不被快速释放之载体一同被制备,如一控制释放剂型,其包括植入式和微胶囊(microencapsulated)药物递送系统。也可使用可生物分解和可生物兼容之聚合物,例如乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(ethylenevinyl acetate)、聚酸酐(polyanhydride)、聚羟酸(polyglycolic acid)、胶原蛋白(collagen)、聚原酸酯(polyorthoester)、聚乳酸(polylactic acid)和聚乳酸-聚羟酸共聚物(polylactic-polyglycolic copolymers;PLG)。许多上述剂型的制备方法已被其他专利保护或大致上所属领域的技术人员所知。
也可将PTX-9908加入一适量之适合溶剂,或前述成分中所需物质之组合物,以制备无菌注射溶液。所述无菌注射溶液可再经无菌过滤程序(filtered sterilization)。一般来说,可将PTX-9908加入一无菌载体(sterilized vehicle)以制备一分散液,且所述载体包括一基本散布媒介和前述成分中所需物质。若为了制备无菌粉末供调配无菌注射溶液之所需,较佳的制备方法系以真空干燥(vacuum drying)和冻干(freeze-drying)制程,取上述经无菌过滤之所述无菌注射溶液完成干燥后,得到PTX-9908粉末和其他附加成分。
本申请之实施例中的PTX-9908可被修改以调整所述些多肽之特性,但又同时保留其调节免疫微环境或调节免疫细胞可达性的特质。例如:PTX-9908可被修改以调整其药物动力学特性,如其体内(in vivo)稳定性或半衰期。PTX-9908也可被修改使一种或多种可被侦测之物质标记在所述多肽上,如各种酵素、辅基(prosthetic group)、荧光(fluorescent)物质、发光(luminescent)物质和放射性物质。更进一步地,PTX-9908也可被改为和一个或多个官能基结合,以获得额外或更佳的治疗效果。
本申请中的多种实施例提供了一种PTX-9908之修改方案,即PTX-9908以一〝前驱药〞(prodrug)之型态被制备,此时所述多肽本身并不调节免疫微环境或调节免疫细胞可达性,但其可于体内的新陈代谢之中被转换为具免疫活性的PTX-9908。
疗效评估I
30只7至9周龄的C57BL/6雌性小鼠分别被接种MC38人类直肠癌细胞,并于小鼠中肿瘤平均体积达80至120mm3(或为100mm3左右)时开始进行治疗。将所述小鼠随机分配为3组(即每一组10只小鼠)。第一组以腹膜内注射(intraperitoneal)方式每二周给予1剂磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline;PBS),共给予5剂。第二组以腹膜内注射方式每二周给予1剂抗PD-1抗体(anti-PD-1antibody),且剂量为10mg/kg,共给予5剂。第三组以腹膜内注射方式每二周给予1剂剂量为10mg/kg之抗PD-1抗体,共给予5剂;以及以一周内5天给药2天不给药的给药日程给予每1剂剂量为25mg/kg之PTX-9908,共给予13剂。当第一组之平均肿瘤体积到达2000mm3时本研究即行终止。
于本研究中,肿瘤体积以mm3表示且使用以下公式计算得到体积:V=(L*W*W)/2;其中V代表肿瘤体积,L代表肿瘤长度(即肿瘤最长处)而W代表肿瘤宽度(即肿瘤中和L互相垂直之最长距离)。采用于上述三组中所获得之肿瘤体积数据,以独立样本t检定(Independent-Samples T Test)对每一组之间的平均肿瘤体积执行统计分析。上述分析结果中原始P值(P-value)取至小数第三位,但若P值小于0.001则不调整所述P值。所有检定皆为双边检定(two-sided)。
如图2A中所示,在三组小鼠的肿瘤成长曲线(平均肿瘤体积随着时间的变化)中可见第三组的平均肿瘤体积有下降趋势。平均肿瘤体积抑制率是使用以下述公式计算所量测到的肿瘤体积而得:平均肿瘤体积抑制率(%)=(控制组之平均肿瘤体积(C)–所述实验组之平均肿瘤体积(T))/控制组之平均肿瘤体积(C)*100%。如图2B所示,第三组之肿瘤体积抑制率显著地高于第二组。
于本研究终止时量测肿瘤重量。如图3A中所示,第三组之肿瘤重量相较于第二组之肿瘤重量少了24.6%。使用以下公式计算所量测到的肿瘤重量而得肿瘤成长抑制率(TGI):肿瘤成长抑制率(%)=(控制组之平均肿瘤重量(C)–该实验组的平均肿瘤重量(T))/控制组之平均肿瘤重量(C)*100%。如图3B所示,第三组之肿瘤成长抑制率显著地高于第二组。
在本研究进行的过程中也全程监控小鼠体重。如图4中所示,没有在第三组小鼠身上发现会影响其体重的副作用。
更进一步地,如图5所示,以流式细胞仪(flow cytometry)分析肿瘤中之活细胞,发现第三组和其他组相比,在CD45阳性(CD45+)细胞族群之中有较高比率的CD3阳性(CD3+)T细胞、CD4阴性CD8阳性(CD4-CD8+)T细胞和自然杀手T细胞(NKT cells);因此所述实验结果代表了正调控(upregulate)细胞毒杀性免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤微环境之可达性。
图2至图5中的实验结果清楚地展现了PTX-9908和抗PD-1疗法于治疗大肠癌时之协同效应。
疗效评估II
30只7至9周龄的BALB/C雌性小鼠分别被接种EMT-6人类乳癌细胞,并于小鼠中肿瘤平均体积达80至120mm3(或为100mm3左右)时开始进行治疗。将所述小鼠随机分配为3组。第一组以腹膜内注射方式每二周给予1剂磷酸盐缓冲液,共给予6剂。第二组以腹膜内注射方式每二周给予1剂抗PD-1抗体,且剂量为10mg/kg,共给予6剂。第三组以腹膜内注射方式每二周给予1剂剂量为10mg/kg之抗PD-1抗体,共给予6剂;以及以一周内5天给药2天不给药的给药日程给予每1剂剂量为25mg/kg之PTX-9908,共给予15剂。当第一组之平均肿瘤体积到达2000mm3时本研究即行终止。
于本研究中,肿瘤体积以mm3表示且使用以下公式计算得到体积:V=(L*W*W)/2;其中V代表肿瘤体积,L代表肿瘤长度(即肿瘤最长处)而W代表肿瘤宽度(即肿瘤中和L互相垂直之最长距离)。采用于上述三组中所获得之肿瘤体积数据,以独立样本t检定对每一组之间的平均肿瘤体积执行统计分析。上述分析结果中原始P值取至小数第三位,但若P值小于0.001则不调整所述P值。所有检定皆为双边检定。
如图6A中所示,在三组小鼠的肿瘤成长曲线(平均肿瘤体积随着时间的变化)中可见第三组的平均肿瘤体积有下降趋势。使用以下公式计算所量测到的肿瘤体积而得平均肿瘤体积抑制率:平均肿瘤体积抑制率(%)=(控制组之平均肿瘤体积(C)–所述实验组之平均肿瘤体积(T))/控制组之平均肿瘤体积(C)*100%。如图6B所示,第三组之肿瘤体积抑制率显著地高于第二组。
于本研究终止时量测肿瘤重量。如图7A所示,第三组之肿瘤重量相较于第二组之肿瘤重量少了53.7%。使用以下公式计算所量测到的肿瘤重量而得肿瘤成长抑制率(TGI):肿瘤成长抑制率(%)=(控制组之平均肿瘤重量(C)–所述实验组的平均肿瘤重量(T))/控制组之平均肿瘤重量(C)*100%。如图7B所示,第三组之肿瘤成长抑制率显著地高于第二组。
在本研究进行的过程中也全程监控小鼠体重。如图8中所示,没有在第三组小鼠身上发现会影响其体重的副作用。
更进一步地,如图9所示,以流式细胞仪分析肿瘤中之活细胞,发现第三组和其他组相比,在CD45阳性细胞族群之中有着较高比率的CD3阳性T细胞、CD4阴性CD8阳性T细胞,和较低比率的颗粒球(granulocyte)与单核球(monocyte)。在免疫微环境中,已知颗粒球和单核球之存在会负调节抗PD-1抗体所引起的抗肿瘤反应,因此所述实验结果代表正调控细胞毒杀性免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤微环境之可达性,和负调控(downregulate)抑制性免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤微环境之可达性。
图6至图9中的实验结果清楚地展现了PTX-9908和抗PD-1疗法于治疗乳癌时之协同效应。
疗效评估III
30只7至9周龄的C57BL/6雌性小鼠分别被接种LL/2人类肺癌细胞,并于小鼠中肿瘤平均体积达80至120mm3(或为100mm3左右)时开始进行治疗。将所述小鼠随机分配为3组。第一组以腹膜内注射方式每二周给予1剂磷酸盐缓冲液,共给予5剂。第二组以腹膜内注射方式每二周给予1剂抗PD-1抗体,且剂量为10mg/kg,共给予5剂。第三组以腹膜内注射方式每二周给予1剂剂量为10mg/kg之抗PD-1抗体,共给予5剂;以及以一周内5天给药2天不给药的给药日程给予每1剂剂量为25mg/kg之PTX-9908,共给予13剂。当第一组之平均肿瘤体积到达2000mm3时本研究即行终止。
于本研究中,肿瘤体积以mm3表示且使用以下公式计算得到体积:V=(L*W*W)/2;其中V代表肿瘤体积,L代表肿瘤长度(即肿瘤最长处)而W代表肿瘤宽度(即肿瘤中和L互相垂直之最长距离)。采用于上述三组中所获得之肿瘤体积数据,以独立样本t检定对每一组之间的平均肿瘤体积执行统计分析。上述分析结果中原始P值取至小数第三位,但若P值小于0.001则不调整所述P值。所有检定皆为双边检定。
如图10A中所示,在三组小鼠的肿瘤成长曲线(平均肿瘤体积随着时间的变化)中可见第三组的平均肿瘤体积有下降趋势。使用以下公式计算所量测到的肿瘤体积而得平均肿瘤体积抑制率:平均肿瘤体积抑制率(%)=(控制组之平均肿瘤体积(C)–所述实验组之平均肿瘤体积(T))/控制组之平均肿瘤体积(C)*100%。如图10B所示,第三组之肿瘤体积抑制率显著地高于第二组。
在本研究进行的过程中也全程监控小鼠体重。如图11中所示,没有在第三组小鼠身上发现会影响其体重的副作用。
更进一步地,如图12所示,以流式细胞仪分析肿瘤中之活细胞,发现第三组和其他组相比,在CD45阳性细胞族群之中有着较高比率的CD3阳性T细胞、CD4阴性CD8阳性T细胞,和较低比率的单核球。在免疫微环境中,已知单核球之存在会负调节抗PD-1抗体所引起的抗肿瘤反应,因此所述实验结果代表可正调控细胞毒杀性免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤微环境之可达性,和负调控抑制性免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤微环境之可达性。
图10至图12中的实验结果清楚地展现了PTX-9908和抗PD-1疗法于治疗肺癌时之协同效应。
总之,根据本申请的多种实施例,具有SEQ ID NOs.1-3的其中一种序列且能选择性地和细胞趋化因子结合之多肽(如PTX-9908),能够和免疫治疗成份互补且产生协同效应调节肿瘤免疫微环境和/或调节免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤的可达性,因此而增进了免疫疗法之效力。
上述实施例仅为示例。所属技术领域中的其他细节也经常被认为是本申请的技术特征。因此,未展示或叙述许多上述细节。虽然本申请的许多特征、优点、结构细节和功能已一同在前述叙述中阐明,然而本说明书仅为本申请之示例,且可在细节上变化。上述实施例可在符合以下请求项内的前提之下做修饰。
序列表
<110> 泰宗生物科技股份有限公司
<120> 一种用于治疗癌症的组合物
<130> 序列表
<150> US 62/559,728
<151> 2017-09-18
<160> 3
<210> 1
<211> 17
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> 9
<223> Xaa为Lys,在此条件下其alpha氨基和epislon氨基二者和与酰胺键形成有关,且能够保护Lys的羧基。
<400> 1
Lys Gly Val Ser Leu Ser Tyr Arg Xaa Arg Tyr Ser Leu Ser Val Gly Lys
1 5 10 15
<210> 2
<211> 19
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> 10
<223> Xaa为Lys,在此条件下其alpha氨基和epislon氨基二者与酰胺键的形成有关,所述酰胺键和旁边的Cys氨基酸残基形成键结。
<400> 2
Lys Gly Val Ser Leu Ser Tyr Arg Cys Xaa Cys Arg Tyr Ser Leu Ser Val Gly
1 5 10 15
Lys
<210> 3
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<221> MOD_RES
<222> 10
<223> Xaa选自于氢与和SDF-1的至少一部份同源的多肽所组成的群组。
<400> 3
Lys Gly Val Ser Leu Ser Tyr Arg Cys Xaa
1 5 10
Claims (17)
1.一种用于治疗癌症的组合物,其特征在于,包括:
一种多肽,所述多肽包括SEQ ID NOs.1-3的其中一种序列且能选择性地和细胞趋化因子(CXC chemokine receptor 4;CXCR4)结合;以及
一种用于治疗癌症的免疫治疗成份。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述免疫治疗成份可选择性地以CTLA-4、PD-1、PD-L1、TIM-3、LAG-3、B7-1、B7-H3、NKG2A、KIR、BTLA、VISTA/PD-1H、TIGIT、CD96、OX40、CD28、ICOS、HVEM、41BB、CD40L、CD137、GITR、CD27、CD30、DNAM-1、CD28H或上述之辅受体(co-receptor)做为目标。
3.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述免疫治疗成份为一抗体、一疫苗、一细胞激素(cytokine)、一蛋白质、一多肽、一具有所述蛋白质或所述多肽编码的表现载体、一小分子、一RNA干扰(RNAi)或一适体(aptamer)。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述免疫治疗成份为自体免疫细胞(autologous immune cells)、具肿瘤特异性的自体T细胞(autologous T cells)、具经修改之T细胞受体(T-cell receptors)的T细胞或具嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigenreceptors;CARs)的T细胞。
5.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,当所述多肽和CXCR4结合时会调节所述肿瘤的一免疫微环境(immune microenvironment)。
6.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,当所述多肽和CXCR4结合时会调节所述免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤的可达性。
7.如权利要求6所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述免疫细胞为CD45阳性(CD45+)细胞、CD3阳性(CD3+)T细胞、CD4阳性CD8阴性(CD4+CD8-)T细胞、CD4阴性CD8阳性(CD4-CD8+)T细胞、调节T细胞(regulatory T-cell)、自然杀手细胞(NK cells)、自然杀手T细胞(NKTcells)、巨噬细胞(macrophages)、颗粒球(granulocytes)或单核球(monocytes)。
8.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述癌症为乳癌、直肠癌、肺癌、胰脏癌、摄护腺癌、肾脏癌、肝癌、淋巴癌或黑色素瘤。
9.一种在具有肿瘤的个体中治疗癌症的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
递送一治疗组合物至所述个体中,所述治疗组合物包括:
一种多肽,其包括SEQ ID NOs.1-3的其中一种序列且其能选择性地和细胞趋化因子(CXC chemokine receptor 4;CXCR4)结合;以及
一种可治疗癌症的免疫治疗成份。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述多肽是以静脉注射、皮下注射或腹膜内注射(intraperitoneal)的方式递送至所述个体中。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述免疫治疗成份可选择性地以CTLA-4、PD-1、PD-L1、TIM-3、LAG-3、B7-1、B7-H3、NKG2A、KIR、BTLA、VISTA/PD-1H、TIGIT、CD96、OX40、CD28、ICOS、HVEM、41BB、CD40L、CD137、GITR、CD27、CD30、DNAM-1、CD28H或上述之辅受体(co-receptor)做为目标。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述免疫治疗成份为一抗体、一疫苗、一细胞激素(cytokine)、一蛋白质、一多肽、一具有所述蛋白质或所述多肽编码的表现载体、一小分子、一RNA干扰(RNAi)或一适体(aptamer)。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述免疫治疗成份为自体免疫细胞(autologous immune cells)、具肿瘤特异性的自体T细胞(autologous T cells)、具经修改之T细胞受体(T-cell receptors)的T细胞或具嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigenreceptors;CARs)的T细胞。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述多肽和CXCR4结合时会调节所述肿瘤的一免疫微环境(immune microenvironment)。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述多肽和CXCR4结合时会调节所述免疫细胞相对于所述肿瘤的可达性。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述免疫细胞为CD45阳性(CD45+)细胞、CD3阳性(CD3+)T细胞、CD4阳性CD8阴性(CD4+CD8-)T细胞、CD4阴性CD8阳性(CD4-CD8+)T细胞、调节T细胞(regulatory T-cell)、自然杀手细胞(NK cells)、自然杀手T细胞(NKTcells)、巨噬细胞(macrophages)、颗粒球(granulocytes)或单核球(monocytes)。
17.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述癌症为乳癌、直肠癌、肺癌、胰脏癌、摄护腺癌、肾脏癌、肝癌、淋巴癌或黑色素瘤。
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