CN111392797B - Solar desalination system and method - Google Patents
Solar desalination system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111392797B CN111392797B CN202010418815.7A CN202010418815A CN111392797B CN 111392797 B CN111392797 B CN 111392797B CN 202010418815 A CN202010418815 A CN 202010418815A CN 111392797 B CN111392797 B CN 111392797B
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- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 330
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 243
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了太阳能海水淡化系统及方法，涉及海水淡化领域，包括海水储存池、太阳能聚光罩、淡水储水池、海水喷雾抽风装置、聚导热器、淡水收集槽、环形冷凝器、太阳能反射镜、淡水喷射冷凝器、太阳能发电系统和太阳能塔式海水浓缩结晶系统；采用太阳能反射镜、太阳能聚光罩和聚导热器等多层聚热单元，使太阳能聚光罩内的海水迅速升温，形成饱和蒸汽，海水喷雾抽风装置提高海水蒸发速度和蒸发量，利用太阳能聚光罩、环形冷凝器、淡水喷射冷凝器等多种冷凝器全方位对蒸汽冷凝成淡水，利用太阳能塔式海水浓缩结晶系统，增加海水蒸发量，提高淡化效率。利用太阳能，不需外部能源，所以更节能，具有工艺新颖、结构简单，淡化率高，运行费用低等优点。
The invention discloses a solar seawater desalination system and method, and relates to the field of seawater desalination, including a seawater storage tank, a solar concentrator, a freshwater storage tank, a seawater spray exhaust device, a heat conductor, a freshwater collection tank, an annular condenser, a solar reflector, a freshwater jet condenser, a solar power generation system, and a solar tower seawater concentration and crystallization system; a multi-layer heat collection unit such as a solar reflector, a solar concentrator, and a heat conductor is used to rapidly heat the seawater in the solar concentrator to form saturated steam, a seawater spray exhaust device is used to increase the evaporation speed and evaporation amount of seawater, a solar concentrator, an annular condenser, a freshwater jet condenser, and other condensers are used to condense steam into fresh water in all directions, and a solar tower seawater concentration and crystallization system is used to increase the evaporation amount of seawater and improve the desalination efficiency. The solar energy is used, and no external energy is needed, so it is more energy-saving, and has the advantages of novel process, simple structure, high desalination rate, low operating cost, etc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sea water desalination, in particular to a solar sea water desalination system and a solar sea water desalination method.
Background
Fresh water is one of basic substances for survival and development of human society, fresh water resources are becoming worse and worse, and are seriously unevenly distributed, and fresh water resources in the world are insufficient, so that the problem of increasing concern of people is becoming more and more serious. In order to solve the crisis of fresh water resources, people start to develop into the vast ocean, and a new and more sufficient water source is opened up, namely, the sea water is desalted. The main current desalination method is that; reverse osmosis, ion exchange, distillation, freezing, adsorption, etc., all of which require a large amount of fuel or electricity to be consumed, and have disadvantages of complicated equipment, high energy consumption, etc. Solar energy sea water desalination is used as a new sea water desalination method, sea water is evaporated and re-condensed to obtain fresh water through the photo-thermal effect of solar energy, and in order to make the method more comprehensively utilize solar energy resources, reduce energy consumption and cost, more effectively improve sea water desalination efficiency, and the method is also in continuous research and perfection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and designs a solar seawater desalination system and a solar seawater desalination method.
The invention achieves the above object by the following technical scheme;
The solar seawater desalination system comprises a solar light condensation cover (10), a fresh water collecting tank (13), a fresh water storage tank (14), a solar power generation system (20), a solar reflecting mirror device (30), a seawater storage tank (40), an annular condenser (50), a plurality of seawater spray exhaust devices (60), a plurality of heat collecting conductors (70), a plurality of fresh water spray condensers (80), a concentrated seawater storage system (90) and a solar tower type seawater concentration crystallization system (100);
The seawater storage tank (40) is arranged inside the solar energy light-gathering cover (10), the plurality of heat gathering conductors (70), the seawater spraying and exhausting device (60) and the fresh water collecting tank (13) are all arranged inside the solar energy light-gathering cover (10), and the fresh water collecting tank (13) is arranged along the circular arc at the lower part of the inner side of the solar energy light-gathering cover (10); an annular condenser (50) is arranged around the lower outer edge of the solar concentrator (10); the concentrated seawater storage system (90), the solar tower type seawater concentration and crystallization system (100), the solar power generation system (20) and the plurality of fresh water injection condensers (80) are all arranged at the periphery of the solar light condensation cover (10); the solar power generation system (20) provides power for a plurality of fresh water injection condensers (80), a circulating water pump of the solar tower type seawater concentration crystallization system (100) and the whole system;
Raw material seawater enters a seawater storage tank (40) through a seawater channel of an annular condenser (50), a concentrated seawater outlet of the seawater storage tank (40) is communicated with a water inlet of a concentrated seawater storage system (90), and a water outlet of the concentrated seawater storage system (90) is communicated with a concentrated seawater inlet of a solar tower type seawater concentration crystallization system (100);
The fresh water collecting tank (13) is communicated with a water inlet of the fresh water storage tank (14) through a water outlet pipe (15); the saturated steam inlet (521) of the annular condenser (50) is arranged in the solar light condensing cover (10), the fresh water outlet (522) of the annular condenser (50) is communicated with the fresh water storage tank (14), and the steam outlet of the annular condenser (50) is connected with the saturated steam inlet (812) of the fresh water jet condenser (80); a fresh water injection inlet (811) of the fresh water injection condenser (80) is connected to the fresh water reservoir (14) by a first circulating water pump (82), and a fresh water outlet (813) of the fresh water injection condenser (80) is communicated with the fresh water reservoir (14).
Further, the solar light condensing cover (10) is of a hemispherical hollow structure, a frame (11) made of metal heat conducting materials is adopted, and a heat absorbing material is arranged on the metal surface of the frame (11); the frame (11) divides the semicircle body into a plurality of equilateral triangles with equal specification, each equilateral triangle space is provided with a Fresnel lens (12) with different focal lengths, and the Fresnel lens (12) is clamped by an upper glass block and a lower glass block to form a vacuum sandwich glass shape; the fresh water collecting tank (13) is arranged on the inner side of the lower part of the hemispherical solar energy light-gathering cover (10) and is connected with a fresh water storage tank (14) outside the hemispherical solar energy light-gathering cover (10) through a pipeline (15).
Further, a solar power generation system (20) and a solar reflector device (30) are arranged around the outer periphery of the solar light condensation cover, and the solar power generation system (20) is composed of photovoltaic solar power generation panels, solar trackers, power storage battery packs and solar power generation control inverters with different numbers; the solar reflector device (30) is composed of a plurality of reflectors and a bracket, wherein the reflectors are different in number, and the reflecting surfaces of the reflectors face to the solar light condensing cover.
Further, a circular seawater storage tank (40) is arranged below the inner part of the solar light gathering cover (10), the seawater storage tank (40) is made of reinforced concrete, metal materials, glass fiber reinforced plastics and other materials, the seawater storage tank is limited to have a water surface lower than that of the hemispherical solar light gathering cover (10), and the diameter of the seawater storage tank is smaller than that of the solar light gathering cover (10); the concentrated seawater storage system (90) is arranged outside the solar energy light-gathering cover (10), the concentrated seawater storage system (90) is composed of a concentrated seawater storage tank (91) and a seawater concentration detection control system (92), and when the seawater in the seawater storage tank (40) in the solar energy light-gathering cover (10) reaches a certain concentration, the seawater concentration detection control system (92) sends the high-concentration seawater in the seawater storage tank (40) into the concentrated seawater storage tank (91).
Further, an annular condenser (50) is arranged at the lower edge of the outer part of the solar light condensing cover (10), the annular condenser (50) is provided with a raw material sea water inlet, a saturated steam inlet (521) and a condensate water outlet (522), the sea water inlet is connected with the sea water inlet channel (51), the outlet is positioned at the upper edge of the sea water storage tank (40) and is higher than the sea water storage tank (40) to limit the horizontal plane, the saturated steam inlet (521) is connected with the inner part of the solar light condensing cover (10), the condensate water outlet (522) is communicated with the fresh water storage tank (14), and the steam outlet is connected with a saturated steam inlet (812) of the fresh water jet condenser (80).
Further, the solar energy sea water desalination system further comprises a plurality of sea water spray air draft devices (60), the plurality of sea water spray air draft devices (60) are all arranged in the sea water storage pool (40), the quantity of the sea water spray air draft devices is different, and the sea water spray air draft devices (60) comprise:
The rotary spray air draft device (61) atomizes the seawater, and simultaneously increases a certain air quantity, so that the heat exchange area of the seawater and hot air can be increased, and the seawater evaporation efficiency can be improved;
the circulating seawater pump (62), the water pressure that the circulating seawater pump (62) promoted the sea water of sea water tank (40) to 0.2MPa carries rotatory spraying updraft ventilator (61), and the water pressure of 0.2MPa provides rotatory drive power for rotatory spraying updraft ventilator (61), rotatory updraft ventilator (61) is rotatory updraft and with the sea water atomizing.
Further, each heat collector (70) is provided with a heat collecting plate (71) above the limited sea water surface, all the heat collecting plates (71) are connected by heat conducting plates (72) and extend into the sea water storage tank (40) to be in direct contact with sea water, and all the heat conducting plates (72) in the sea water are connected into a whole to form a stable heat conducting structure.
Further, the solar tower type seawater concentration and crystallization system (100) consists of a concentrated seawater conveying system 101, a solar reflection condenser (102), a fresh water jet vacuum condensing system (103) and a heat collecting evaporator (104); the concentrated seawater conveying system (101) conveys concentrated seawater from a concentrated seawater storage tank (91) to the heat collecting evaporator (104), the solar energy is collected to the heat collecting evaporator (104) by the solar reflection condenser (102), high-temperature steam is generated by utilizing solar energy evaporation of seawater in the heat collecting evaporator (104), and the high-temperature steam of the heat collecting evaporator (104) is pumped out and condensed by the fresh water jet vacuum condensing system (103) to obtain fresh water;
The fresh water jet vacuum condensation system (103) comprises a fresh water jet vacuum pump (1031), a fresh water condenser (1032), a second circulating water pump (1033) and a pipeline; the second circulating water pump (1033) is connected with the fresh water reservoir (14) and the injection inlet of the fresh water injection vacuum pump (1031), the steam inlet of the fresh water injection vacuum pump (1031) is connected with the fresh water condenser (1032), the fresh water condenser (1032) is connected with the steam outlet of the heat collecting evaporator (104), and the outlet of the fresh water injection vacuum pump (1031) is communicated with the fresh water reservoir (14).
In the solar sea water desalination method, raw sea water passes through an annular condenser (50), a fresh water condenser (1032) and enters a sea water storage tank (40) in a solar light collecting hood (10), sea water in the sea water storage tank (40) is heated and evaporated through solar energy of the solar light collecting hood (10), a heat collecting conductor (70) and a solar reflecting mirror (30), evaporated saturated steam is condensed into fresh water by the solar light collecting hood (10), the annular condenser (50) and a fresh water jet condenser (80) respectively and flows into a fresh water storage tank (14), evaporated concentrated sea water enters a concentrated sea water storage tank (91), sea water in the concentrated sea water storage tank (91) is conveyed into a concentrated sea water evaporator (104) by a concentrated sea water conveying system (101) to be concentrated and evaporated continuously, high-temperature steam generated by the concentrated sea water evaporator (104) is condensed by the fresh water storage tank (1032), the condensed fresh water flows into the fresh water storage tank (14) by the fresh water jet vacuum pump (1031) and flows into the fresh water storage tank (14) after being mixed and condensed with the fresh water, the condensed fresh water is separated in the fresh water storage tank (14) and is discharged into the fresh water storage tank (14) by the vacuum pump (104) at the same time, the temperature of the concentrated sea water storage tank (104) is reduced, and the inside the concentrated sea water storage tank (104) is evacuated and the vacuum is discharged by the concentrated sea water storage pump (104) is cooled, the evaporation efficiency is improved, the high-concentration seawater evaporated by the heat collecting evaporator (104) enters a cooling crystallization process for crystallization, so that zero emission is achieved, and the electric energy of all circulating water pumps is provided by a solar power generation system (20).
Further, the solar seawater desalination method is divided into four parts of seawater heating evaporation, fresh water condensation, concentration crystallization and solar power generation:
Heating and evaporating the first part of seawater: the annular condenser (50) and the fresh water condenser (1032) fully utilize the heat energy of the low-temperature saturated steam and the high-temperature saturated steam to initially heat raw material seawater, and the heated seawater is injected into the seawater storage tank (40); the seawater in the seawater storage tank (40) is further heated and evaporated through a solar light condensing cover (10), a solar reflecting mirror (30), a seawater spraying and exhausting device (60) and a heat collecting and conducting device (70) to form low-temperature saturated steam; after the seawater in the concentrated seawater storage pool (91) enters the heat collecting evaporator (104), the solar reverse condensing lens (102) heats the heat collecting evaporator (104) and generates high-temperature saturated steam;
Condensing the second part of fresh water: fresh water condensation comprises low-temperature saturated steam condensation and high-temperature saturated steam condensation; condensing low-temperature saturated steam: the low-temperature saturated steam evaporated in the solar light condensation cover (10) is condensed into fresh water by the solar light condensation cover (10), the annular condenser (50) and the fresh water jet condenser (80) respectively and flows into the fresh water storage tank (14);
High temperature saturated steam condensation: the high-temperature saturated steam generated by the heat collecting evaporator (104) is condensed into fresh water by a fresh water condenser (1032) and a fresh water jet vacuum pump (1031) and flows into a fresh water storage tank (14);
concentrating and crystallizing the third part of concentrated seawater, discharging the evaporated concentrated seawater in the seawater storage tank (40) into a concentrated seawater storage tank (91), conveying the concentrated seawater to a heat collecting evaporator (104) by a concentrated seawater conveying system (101), heating the heat collecting evaporator (104) by a solar reverse condensing lens (102) and generating high-temperature saturated steam, condensing the high-temperature saturated steam into fresh water by a fresh water condenser (1032) and a fresh water jet vacuum pump (1031) and flowing the fresh water into a fresh water storage tank (14), vacuumizing the heat collecting evaporator (104) by the fresh water jet vacuum pump, generating negative pressure in the heat collecting evaporator (104), accelerating the evaporation of the seawater in the heat collecting evaporator (104), and cooling and crystallizing the evaporated high-concentration seawater;
fourth part solar power generation system: the solar power generation system (20) controls the storage battery pack to store electricity and supply electricity through the solar power generation panel, the storage battery pack and the solar power generation control inverter, and provides power for the whole system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that; the solar seawater desalination system adopts a plurality of layers of heat collecting units such as a solar reflecting mirror (30), a Fresnel lens (12) and a heat collecting conductor (70) to enable the seawater entering the solar light collecting cover (10) to be heated rapidly, the system fully utilizes solar energy to generate phase change to the seawater in the solar light collecting cover (10) to form saturated steam, and a seawater spray exhaust device (60) in the solar light collecting cover (10) to accelerate the evaporation speed and the evaporation quantity of the seawater, and simultaneously utilizes the condensers of various condensation modes such as the solar light collecting cover (10), an annular condenser (50) and a fresh water spray condenser (80) to utilize the phase change energy of low-temperature saturated steam in the solar light collecting cover (10) in an omnibearing manner, the saturated steam is condensed into fresh water rapidly in the process of heating raw material seawater through various condensers, and the evaporation speed and the evaporation quantity of the seawater and the seawater desalination efficiency are improved;
Because the vacuum low-temperature crystallization process is utilized in the system, concentrated seawater passes through the heat collecting evaporator (104) to obtain solar energy collected by the solar energy reverse condensing lens (102) to form high-temperature steam, and the raw material seawater is heated in the process that the high-temperature steam is condensed by the fresh water jet vacuum condensing system (103), the fresh water jet vacuum condensing system (103) simultaneously generates negative pressure in the heat collecting evaporator (104), so that the evaporation temperature of water in the heat collecting evaporator (104) is reduced, the evaporation capacity is increased, and the desalination efficiency is improved; the high-concentration seawater evaporated in the heat accumulating evaporator (104) is subjected to cooling crystallization to generate crystals which can be reused as chemical raw materials, so that the system basically realizes zero emission of the waste seawater and zero pollution. Meanwhile, the whole system fully utilizes solar energy, and all running devices do not need external energy, so that the system is more energy-saving. The whole system has the advantages of novel process, simple structure construction, low maintenance and operation cost and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view of a solar desalination system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a solar desalination system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a solar concentrator in the solar desalination system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of an annular condenser in the solar desalination system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar tower type seawater concentration and crystallization system in the solar seawater desalination system according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a rotary spray extraction apparatus for use in a solar desalination system and method according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fresh water spray condenser in a solar desalination system according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a fresh water jet vacuum pump in a solar desalination system according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic process flow diagram of the solar seawater desalination method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the solar seawater desalination system comprises a circular seawater storage tank 40, a concentrated seawater storage system and a fresh water storage tank 14, and further comprises a solar light collecting cover 10 with a semicircle body, a plurality of heat collecting conductors 70, a fresh water collecting tank 13, an annular condenser 50, a plurality of fresh water injection condensers 80, a plurality of fresh water injection vacuum pumps 1031, a solar power generation system 20 and a solar tower type seawater concentration crystallization system 100;
the solar energy desalination system comprises a solar energy light-gathering hood 10, a solar energy tower type sea water concentration crystallization system 100, a solar energy power generation system 20 and a plurality of water injection condensers 80, wherein the plurality of heat gathering conductors 70 and a sea water storage tank 40 are arranged inside the solar energy light-gathering hood 10, the sea water storage tank 40 defines a plane with the sea water surface lower than the maximum diameter of the solar energy light-gathering hood 10, a fresh water collecting tank 13 is arranged at the lower part of the inner side of the solar energy light-gathering hood 10, the solar energy tower type sea water concentration crystallization system 100, the solar energy power generation system 20 and the plurality of water injection condensers 80 are all arranged at the periphery of the solar energy light-gathering hood 10, an annular condenser 50 is arranged at the outer edge of the lower part of the solar energy light-gathering hood 10 around the solar energy light-gathering hood 10, and the solar energy power generation system 20 is used for providing power for the whole sea water desalination system;
seawater enters the seawater storage tank 40 through a seawater channel 51 of the annular condenser 50, a concentrated seawater outlet of the seawater storage tank 40 is communicated with a water inlet of a concentrated seawater storage system, and a water outlet of the concentrated seawater storage system is communicated with a concentrated seawater inlet of the solar tower type seawater concentration crystallization system 100 through a circulating pump;
The fresh water collecting tank 13 is communicated with the water inlet of the fresh water storage tank 14 through the water outlet pipe 15, the saturated steam inlet 812 of each fresh water jet condenser 80 and the saturated steam inlet 521 of the annular condenser 50 are arranged in the solar light condensation cover 10, and the fresh water outlet 522 of the annular condenser 50 is communicated with the fresh water storage tank 14; the water inlet 811 of each fresh water spray condenser 80 is in communication with the fresh water reservoir 14 via a circulation pump and the fresh water outlet 813 thereof is in communication with the fresh water reservoir 14.
As shown in fig. 1, the solar light-condensing cover 10 is a hemispherical hollow structure, the metal frame 11 of the solar light-condensing cover 10 is a main body structure of the whole solar light-condensing cover 10, the metal frame 11 is made of metal heat-conducting materials, heat-absorbing materials are plated on the metal surfaces, the metal frame 11 divides the hemispherical solar light-condensing cover 10 into a plurality of equilateral triangles with equal specifications, and fresnel lenses 12 with unequal focal lengths are arranged in each equilateral triangle space, and the fresnel lenses 12 are clamped by an upper glass and a lower glass to form a vacuum glass state for ensuring service life and service efficiency.
As shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, a plurality of solar reflecting mirror devices 30 are arranged around the outer periphery of the solar light collecting cover 10, each solar reflecting mirror device 30 is composed of a reflecting mirror and a support, the reflecting mirrors are installed on the supports, solar trackers are installed on the supports, the reflecting surfaces of the reflecting mirrors face the solar light collecting cover 10, the solar trackers can automatically adjust the inclination angles of the reflecting surfaces of the reflecting mirrors according to the angle change between the sun and the ground, the reflecting surfaces of the reflecting mirrors are guaranteed to reflect sunlight onto the fresnel lenses 12 of the solar light collecting cover 10, the fresnel lenses 12 concentrate the sunlight onto the heat collecting conductors 70 in the solar light collecting cover 10, and more solar heat energy is obtained in the solar light collecting cover 10.
As shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, the solar power generation system 20 includes a photovoltaic solar power generation panel, a solar tracker, a storage battery pack and a solar power generation control inverter, wherein the storage battery pack is provided with a plurality of first fresh water spray condensers 80, second fresh water spray condensers 103, a solar tower type seawater concentration and crystallization system 100, a circulating seawater pump and a power supply.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the annular condenser 50 has an up-down structure, the upper part is a sea water channel 51, the lower part is a saturated steam and condensed fresh water channel, a solar heat absorbing plate 511 is added in the sea water channel 51, the top of the sea water channel 51 is a sealing panel 512 for preventing heat dissipation of sea water, and raw material sea water is injected into the sea water reservoir 40 through the sea water channel; the inlet of the saturated steam channel 52 is arranged at the sea water outlet, the fresh water outlet 522 is arranged near the sea water inlet and is close to the fresh water storage tank 14, a steam baffle is arranged in the saturated steam channel 52 and is connected with the bottom of the sea water channel 51, the passage time of the saturated steam in the channel is prolonged, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, a heat collector 70 is installed in the seawater storage tank 40, the heat collector 70 is composed of a heat collecting plate 71 and a heat conducting plate 72, the heat collecting plate 71 is made of a metal heat conducting material, the surface of the heat collecting plate 71 is made of an anodic oxidation coating treatment mode, and a heat absorbing material is attached to the surface of the metal heat conducting material. All the heat collecting plates 71 are connected by the heat conducting plates 72 and extend into the seawater reservoir 40 to be in direct contact with the seawater, and all the heat conducting plates 72 are connected into one body in the seawater to form a stable heating body.
Further: as shown in fig. 1, the fresnel lenses 12 mounted on the solar energy condensing cover frame and having unequal focal lengths focus sunlight on the heat collecting plates 71 of different heat collecting conductors 70, increasing the heat absorption of the heat collecting plates 71; the heat collecting plate 71 absorbing heat transfers heat to the atmosphere of the closed space through two ways, firstly, the heat is transferred to the atmosphere of the closed space through heat radiation to improve the environmental temperature in the space, and secondly, the heat is transferred to the seawater storage tank 40 through the heat conducting plate 72 which is integrated with the heat collecting plate 71 and has good heat conducting performance to directly heat the seawater in the seawater storage tank 40, so that a great amount of heat is continuously obtained from the seawater in the seawater storage tank 40, the seawater temperature is increased, the fresh water is rapidly evaporated, and the seawater concentration is improved.
Seawater enters the seawater storage tank 40 through the seawater channel 51 of the annular condenser 50, in the process, the seawater exchanges heat with high-temperature steam in the annular condenser 50 to raise the temperature, the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror reflects sunlight onto the solar light-gathering cover 10, so that the solar light-gathering cover 10 obtains more solar energy, the Fresnel lens 12 focuses the sunlight onto the heat collecting plates 71 of different heat collecting conductors 70, the heat absorption of the heat collecting plates 71 is increased, the heat collecting plates 71 absorbing the heat transfer the heat to the atmosphere of the closed space through two ways, firstly, the heat is transferred to the atmosphere of the closed space through heat radiation to raise the ambient temperature in the space, secondly, the seawater in the seawater storage tank 40 is heated through the heat conducting plates 72, the seawater in the seawater storage tank 40 is continuously heated, the seawater temperature is raised, the fresh water is rapidly evaporated, and the seawater concentration is improved.
As shown in fig. 1,2,3 and 6, the solar energy sea water desalination system further comprises a plurality of sea water spray suction devices 60 installed in the sea water storage tank 40, and the sea water spray suction devices 60 are composed of a rotary spray suction device 61, a sea water circulating water pump 62 and connecting pipes. Each seawater spray extraction device 60 comprises a spray propulsion nozzle 611 and an extraction blade 612.
Further, the seawater circulating pump 62 pumps up the hot seawater of the seawater reservoir 40, and the water pressure pressurized to 0.2MPa is supplied to the rotary spray suction device 61 through the connection pipe, and the water pressure of 0.2MPa supplies the rotary spray suction device 61 with rotary driving power. The pressurized seawater is sprayed out from an atomization propulsion nozzle 611 in the rotary spray air suction device 61, the atomization propulsion nozzle 611 simultaneously reacts thrust to the rotary spray air suction device 61 to enable the device to rotate rapidly, an air suction blade 612 fixed on the rotary spray air suction device 61 rotates together to generate upward blowing air, and the air convection of the closed space is enhanced by the air generated by the air suction blade 612. The spray propulsion nozzle 611 atomizes the seawater to increase the heat exchange area of the seawater and the hot air, and the air quantity generated by the air suction blades 612 enhances the air convection to increase the evaporation speed of the atomized seawater.
The outer surface of the solar energy light-gathering cover 10 is cooled by natural environment, saturated steam in the solar energy light-gathering cover 10 is partially condensed on the inner surface of the light-gathering cover due to temperature difference, condensed fresh water flows to the fresh water collecting tank 13, and then is gathered to the fresh water storage tank 14 through the water outlet pipe (15); the first circulating water pump 82 of the fresh water spray condenser 80 sucks fresh water from the fresh water storage tank 14 and pressurizes and conveys the fresh water to the fresh water spray condenser 80, the fresh water spray condenser 80 generates negative pressure in a mixing chamber due to jet entrainment, and the other part of saturated steam in the solar energy light-condensing cover 10 is sucked into the fresh water spray condenser to be condensed, and the condensed water and the sprayed fresh water are returned to the fresh water storage tank 14 together;
As shown in fig. 1,2, 3, and 7, the water spray condenser 80 includes: a fresh water jet pump 81, a first circulating water pump 82 and an air extraction pipeline; the first circulating water pump 82 sucks fresh water from the fresh water reservoir 14 and increases the water pressure to 0.3MPa, the fresh water is sent to the fresh water injection inlet 811 of the fresh water injection pump 81 through the nozzle and is injected into the suction chamber at a high speed, the pressure energy of the water is changed into kinetic energy to form high-speed jet flow, saturated steam sucked into the mixing chamber from the saturated steam suction inlet 812 is forcedly carried by the high-speed jet flow to be mixed with the saturated steam to form a gas-liquid mixed flow, the gas-liquid mixed flow enters the diffuser, the pressure of the mixing chamber is reduced to form vacuum, the kinetic energy of the mixed jet flow is converted into pressure energy in the expansion section of the diffuser, the speed is reduced, the pressure is increased, the saturated steam is compressed and condensed, and flows out of the fresh water outlet 813 of the fresh water injection condenser 80 together with the fresh water and returns to the fresh water reservoir 14, the non-condensable gas is released into the atmosphere in the fresh water reservoir, and the condensed fresh water remains in the fresh water reservoir.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the concentrated seawater storage system comprises a concentrated seawater storage tank 91 and a seawater concentration detection control system 91, when the seawater in the seawater storage tank 40 in the solar light-gathering cover 10 reaches a certain concentration, the seawater concentration detection control system 91 sends the high-concentration seawater in the seawater storage tank 40 into the concentrated seawater storage tank 91, and the seawater in the concentrated seawater storage tank 91 is transported to the solar tower type seawater concentration crystallization system 100 by the seawater re-concentrated seawater transport system 101 for further distillation crystallization.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8, the solar tower type seawater concentration and crystallization system 100 comprises a concentrated seawater conveying system 101, a solar reflection condenser 102, a fresh water jet vacuum condensing system 103 and a heat collecting evaporator 104, wherein the heat collecting evaporator 104 is made of a metal material, and the inside and outside of the metal material are both processed by adopting an anodic oxidation coating treatment mode, so that a heat absorbing material is attached to the surface of a metal heat conducting material, the heat absorbing capacity is improved, and the heat collecting efficiency is increased. A fresh water condenser 1032 is installed between the evaporation outlet of the heat collecting evaporator 104 and the fresh water spray vacuum pump 1031, and is installed at the seawater inlet of the ring condenser 50, and condenses hot steam by using cold seawater, and conversely, the hot steam heats the inlet raw material seawater again, thereby fully utilizing energy exchange and improving the energy utilization rate and the fresh water desalination rate.
Further, the concentrated seawater transporting system 101 transports the concentrated seawater from the concentrated seawater storage tank 91 to the heat collecting evaporator 104, the solar reflecting condenser 102 collects the sun to the heat collecting evaporator 104, the heat collecting evaporator 104 obtains a large amount of heat to generate high-temperature steam, the outlet of the high-temperature steam is communicated with the steam inlet of the fresh water condenser 1032 of the fresh water spray vacuum condensing system 103, the steam outlet of the fresh water condenser 1032 is connected with the pumped steam inlet of the fresh water spray vacuum pump 1031, the fresh water spray inlet of the fresh water spray vacuum pump 1031 is connected with the outlet of the second circulating water pump 1033, and the sprayed fresh water outlet of the fresh water spray vacuum pump 1031, the fresh water outlet of the fresh water condenser 1032, and the outlet of the second circulating water pump 1033 are all communicated with the fresh water storage tank 14.
Still further, the second circulating water pump 1033 of the fresh water spray vacuum condensation system 103 pressurizes the fresh water in the fresh water reservoir to 0.3MPa, and sends the pressurized fresh water to the fresh water spray inlet of the fresh water spray vacuum pump 1031, and the pressurized fresh water is sprayed to the mixing chamber at a high speed through the nozzle, so that the pressure energy of the water is changed into kinetic energy, and a high-speed jet flow is formed, and due to the entrainment effect of the water jet flow, a negative pressure is generated in the mixing chamber, the negative pressure pumps the high-temperature steam in the heat accumulating evaporator 104, the pumped high-temperature steam is condensed by the fresh water condenser 1032, the condensed fresh water flows into the fresh water reservoir 14 through the fresh water outlet, the non-condensed steam is pumped into the fresh water spray vacuum pump mixing chamber to form a mixed flow, the mixed flow is pressurized by the diffuser, then discharged through the fresh water spray outlet and returned to the fresh water reservoir 14, the air is separated in the fresh water reservoir, the non-condensed fresh water is released into the atmosphere, and the condensed fresh water is stored in the fresh water reservoir.
Still further, negative pressure is formed in the heat collecting evaporator 104 sucked by the fresh water spray vacuum pump 1031, thereby reducing the vapor temperature of the concentrated seawater in the heat collecting evaporator 104, increasing the evaporation amount, and improving the fresh water condensing efficiency.
As shown in fig. 9, the solar energy sea water desalination method comprises four parts of sea water heating evaporation, fresh water condensation, concentrated sea water concentration crystallization and solar energy power generation;
The first part is heated and evaporated seawater: the annular condenser 50 and the fresh water condenser 1032 make full use of the heat energy of the low-temperature saturated steam and the high-temperature saturated steam to perform initial heating on raw seawater, and the heated seawater is injected into the seawater storage tank 40; the seawater in the seawater storage tank 40 is further heated and evaporated through the solar light condensing cover 10, the solar reflecting mirror 30, the seawater spraying and exhausting device 60 and the heat collecting and conducting device 70 to form low-temperature saturated steam; the solar inverse condenser 102 heats the heat accumulating evaporator 104 and generates high temperature saturated steam.
The second portion is fresh water condensation, comprising: low temperature saturated steam condensation and high temperature saturated steam condensation.
Condensing low-temperature saturated steam into: the evaporated low-temperature saturated steam in the solar light condensation cover 10 is condensed into fresh water by the solar light condensation cover 10, the annular condenser 50 and the fresh water injection condenser 80 respectively and flows into the fresh water storage tank 14;
Condensing high-temperature saturated steam into: the high temperature saturated steam generated by the heat accumulating evaporator 104 is condensed into fresh water by the fresh water condenser 1032, the fresh water jet vacuum pump 1031, and the like, and flows into the fresh water reservoir 14.
The third part is concentrated seawater crystallization, the evaporated concentrated seawater in the seawater storage tank 40 is discharged into a concentrated seawater storage tank 91, the concentrated seawater is sent to a heat collecting evaporator 104 by a concentrated seawater conveying system 101, a solar reverse condensing lens 102 heats the heat collecting evaporator 104 and generates high-temperature saturated steam, the high-temperature saturated steam is condensed into fresh water by a fresh water condenser 1032 and a fresh water jet vacuum pump 1031 and flows into a fresh water storage tank 14, the fresh water jet vacuum pump simultaneously vacuumizes the heat collecting evaporator 104, negative pressure is generated in the heat collecting evaporator 104, the evaporation of the seawater in the heat collecting evaporator 104 is accelerated, and the high-concentration seawater is cooled and crystallized after the evaporation.
The fourth part is a solar power generation system: the solar power generation system 20 controls the storage battery set to store electricity and supply electricity through the solar power generation panel, the storage battery set and the solar power generation control inverter, and provides power for the whole system.
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and all technical modifications made according to the technical scheme of the invention fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. Solar energy sea water desalination, its characterized in that: the solar energy tower type concentrated seawater concentrating and crystallizing system comprises a solar energy light condensation cover (10), a fresh water collecting tank (13), a fresh water storage tank (14), a solar energy power generation system (20), a solar energy reflecting mirror device (30), a seawater storage tank (40), an annular condenser (50), a plurality of seawater spraying and exhausting devices (60), a plurality of heat collecting conductors (70), a plurality of fresh water spraying condensers (80), a concentrated seawater storage system (90) and a solar energy tower type concentrated seawater concentrating and crystallizing system (100);
The seawater storage tank (40) is arranged inside the solar energy light-gathering cover (10), the plurality of heat gathering conductors (70), the seawater spraying and exhausting device (60) and the fresh water collecting tank (13) are all arranged inside the solar energy light-gathering cover (10), and the fresh water collecting tank (13) is arranged along the circular arc at the lower part of the inner side of the solar energy light-gathering cover (10); an annular condenser (50) is arranged around the lower outer edge of the solar concentrator (10); the concentrated seawater storage system (90), the solar tower-type concentrated seawater concentration and crystallization system (100), the solar power generation system (20) and the plurality of fresh water injection condensers (80) are all arranged on the periphery of the solar light condensation cover (10); the solar power generation system (20) provides power for a plurality of fresh water injection condensers (80), a circulating water pump of the solar tower type concentrated seawater concentration crystallization system (100) and the whole system; the annular condenser (50) is arranged at the lower edge of the outer part of the solar light condensation cover (10), the annular condenser (50) is provided with a raw material sea water inlet, a saturated steam inlet (521) and a fresh water outlet (522), the sea water inlet is connected with the sea water inlet channel (51), the outlet is positioned at the upper edge of the sea water storage tank (40) and is higher than the sea water storage tank (40) to limit the horizontal plane, the saturated steam inlet (521) is connected with the inner part of the solar light condensation cover (10), the fresh water outlet (522) is communicated with the fresh water storage tank (14), and the steam outlet is connected with the saturated steam inlet (812) of the fresh water injection condenser (80); each heat collecting and conducting device (70) is provided with a heat collecting plate (71) at a position higher than a limited sea water surface, all the heat collecting plates (71) are connected by heat conducting plates (72) and extend into a sea water storage tank (40) to be in direct contact with sea water, and all the heat conducting plates (72) in the sea water are connected into a whole to form a stable heat conducting structure;
raw material seawater enters a seawater storage tank (40) through a seawater channel of an annular condenser (50), a concentrated seawater outlet of the seawater storage tank (40) is communicated with a water inlet of a concentrated seawater storage system (90), and a water outlet of the concentrated seawater storage system (90) is communicated with a concentrated seawater inlet of a solar tower type concentrated seawater concentration crystallization system (100);
The fresh water collecting tank (13) is communicated with a water inlet of the fresh water storage tank (14) through a water outlet pipe (15); the saturated steam inlet (521) of the annular condenser (50) is arranged in the solar light condensing cover (10), the fresh water outlet (522) of the annular condenser (50) is communicated with the fresh water storage tank (14), and the steam outlet of the annular condenser (50) is connected with the saturated steam inlet (812) of the fresh water jet condenser (80); the fresh water injection inlet (811) of the fresh water injection condenser (80) is connected with the fresh water storage tank (14) through a first circulating water pump (82), and the fresh water outlet (813) of the fresh water injection condenser (80) is communicated with the fresh water storage tank (14);
The solar light-gathering cover (10) is of a hemispherical hollow structure, a frame (11) is formed by adopting a metal heat-conducting material, and a heat-absorbing material is arranged on the metal surface of the frame (11); the frame (11) divides the semicircle body into a plurality of equilateral triangles with equal specification, each equilateral triangle space is provided with a Fresnel lens (12) with different focal lengths, and the Fresnel lens (12) is clamped by an upper glass block and a lower glass block to form a vacuum sandwich glass shape; the fresh water collecting tank (13) is arranged on the inner side of the lower part of the hemispherical solar energy light-gathering cover (10) and is connected with a fresh water storage tank (14) outside the hemispherical solar energy light-gathering cover (10) through a water outlet pipe (15);
A solar power generation system (20) and a solar reflector device (30) are arranged around the solar light condensing cover (10), and the solar power generation system (20) consists of photovoltaic solar power generation panels, solar trackers, power storage battery packs and solar power generation control inverters with different numbers; the solar reflector device (30) consists of a plurality of reflectors and brackets, wherein the number of the reflectors is different, and the reflecting surfaces of the reflectors face the solar light condensing cover (10);
a plurality of seawater spray draft devices (60) are all arranged in the seawater storage tank (40), and the seawater spray draft devices (60) comprise:
The rotary spray air draft device (61) atomizes the seawater, and meanwhile, a certain air quantity is increased, so that the heat exchange area of the seawater and hot air can be increased, and the seawater evaporation efficiency is improved;
The circulating seawater pump (62), the circulating seawater pump (62) lifts the seawater pressure of the seawater storage tank (40) to 0.2MPa and conveys the seawater pressure to the rotary spray air suction device (61), the water pressure of 0.2MPa provides rotary driving power for the rotary spray air suction device (61), and the rotary spray air suction device (61) rotates to suction air and atomizes the seawater.
2. A solar desalination system according to claim 1 wherein: the circular seawater storage tank (40) is arranged below the inside of the solar energy light-gathering cover (10), the seawater storage tank (40) is made of reinforced concrete, metal materials and glass fiber reinforced plastics, the water surface of the seawater storage tank (40) is limited to be lower than the hemispherical solar energy light-gathering cover (10), and the diameter of the seawater storage tank is smaller than that of the solar energy light-gathering cover (10); the concentrated seawater storage system (90) is arranged outside the solar energy light-gathering cover (10), the concentrated seawater storage system (90) is composed of a concentrated seawater storage tank (91) and a seawater concentration detection control system (92), and when the seawater in the seawater storage tank (40) in the solar energy light-gathering cover (10) reaches a certain concentration, the seawater concentration detection control system (92) sends high-concentration seawater in the seawater storage tank (40) into the concentrated seawater storage tank (91).
3. A solar desalination system according to claim 2 wherein: the solar tower type concentrated seawater concentration crystallization system (100) consists of a concentrated seawater conveying system (101), a solar reflection condenser (102), a fresh water jet vacuum condensation system (103) and a heat collecting evaporator (104); the concentrated seawater conveying system (101) conveys concentrated seawater from a concentrated seawater storage tank (91) to the heat collecting evaporator (104), the solar energy is collected to the heat collecting evaporator (104) by the solar reflection condenser (102), high-temperature steam is generated by utilizing solar energy evaporation of seawater in the heat collecting evaporator (104), and the high-temperature steam of the heat collecting evaporator (104) is pumped out and condensed by the fresh water jet vacuum condensing system (103) to obtain fresh water;
The fresh water jet vacuum condensation system (103) comprises a fresh water jet vacuum pump (1031), a fresh water condenser (1032), a second circulating water pump (1033) and a pipeline; the second circulating water pump (1033) is connected with the fresh water reservoir (14) and the injection inlet of the fresh water injection vacuum pump (1031), the steam inlet of the fresh water injection vacuum pump (1031) is connected with the fresh water condenser (1032), the fresh water condenser (1032) is connected with the steam outlet of the heat collecting evaporator (104), and the outlet of the fresh water injection vacuum pump (1031) is communicated with the fresh water reservoir (14).
4. A solar desalination method using the solar desalination system of claim 3, wherein: raw seawater passes through the annular condenser (50), the fresh water condenser (1032), the raw seawater enters the seawater storage tank (40) in the solar energy light condensation cover (10), the seawater in the seawater storage tank (40) is heated and evaporated through the solar energy light condensation cover (10), the heat collecting and conducting device (70) and the solar energy reflecting mirror (30), the evaporated saturated steam is condensed into fresh water by the solar energy light condensation cover (10), the annular condenser (50) and the fresh water jet condenser (80) respectively and flows into the fresh water storage tank (14), the evaporated concentrated seawater enters the concentrated seawater storage tank (91), the seawater in the concentrated seawater storage tank (91) is conveyed into the heat collecting and evaporating device (104) by the concentrated seawater conveying system (101) to be concentrated and evaporated continuously by solar energy, high-temperature steam generated by the heat collecting and evaporating device (104) is condensed by the fresh water condenser (1032), the condensed fresh water flows into the fresh water storage tank (14), the uncondensed fresh water steam is pumped out by the fresh water jet vacuum pump (1031) and mixed and condensed with the fresh water, the fresh water flows into the fresh water storage tank (14) and is separated in the fresh water storage tank (14), the evaporated by the air is separated in the vacuum water storage tank (14), the evaporation device (14) is discharged into the heat collecting and evaporating device (104) by the vacuum pump (104) to reduce the vacuum evaporation efficiency, and the heat is reduced, and the evaporation efficiency is increased at the same time, the heat is increased by the heat of the heat collecting and evaporating device (104), the high-concentration seawater evaporated by the heat collecting evaporator (104) enters a cooling crystallization process for crystallization, so that zero emission is achieved, and the electric energy of all circulating water pumps is provided by a solar power generation system (20).
5. The solar desalination method of claim 4, wherein: the solar sea water desalting method includes four parts, namely sea water heating evaporation, fresh water condensation, concentration crystallization and solar power generation:
Heating and evaporating the first part of seawater: the annular condenser (50) and the fresh water condenser (1032) fully utilize the heat energy of the low-temperature saturated steam and the high-temperature saturated steam to initially heat raw material seawater, and the heated seawater is injected into the seawater storage tank (40); the seawater in the seawater storage tank (40) is further heated and evaporated through a solar light condensing cover (10), a solar reflecting mirror (30), a seawater spraying and exhausting device (60) and a heat collecting and conducting device (70) to form low-temperature saturated steam; after the seawater in the concentrated seawater storage tank (91) enters the heat collecting evaporator (104), the solar reflection condenser (102) heats the heat collecting evaporator (104) and generates high-temperature saturated steam;
Condensing the second part of fresh water: fresh water condensation comprises low-temperature saturated steam condensation and high-temperature saturated steam condensation; condensing low-temperature saturated steam: the low-temperature saturated steam evaporated in the solar light condensation cover (10) is condensed into fresh water by the solar light condensation cover (10), the annular condenser (50) and the fresh water jet condenser (80) respectively and flows into the fresh water storage tank (14);
High temperature saturated steam condensation: the high-temperature saturated steam generated by the heat collecting evaporator (104) is condensed into fresh water by a fresh water condenser (1032) and a fresh water jet vacuum pump (1031) and flows into a fresh water storage tank (14);
the third part of concentrated seawater is concentrated and crystallized, the evaporated concentrated seawater in the seawater storage tank (40) is discharged into a concentrated seawater storage tank (91), the concentrated seawater is sent to a heat collecting evaporator (104) by a concentrated seawater conveying system (101), a solar reflection condenser (102) heats the heat collecting evaporator (104) and generates high-temperature saturated steam, the high-temperature saturated steam is condensed into fresh water by a fresh water condenser (1032) and a fresh water jet vacuum pump (1031) and flows into a fresh water storage tank (14), the fresh water jet vacuum pump (1031) simultaneously vacuumizes the heat collecting evaporator (104), negative pressure is generated in the heat collecting evaporator (104), the evaporation of the seawater in the heat collecting evaporator (104) is accelerated, and the high-concentration seawater after evaporation is cooled and crystallized;
fourth part solar power generation system: the solar power generation system (20) controls the storage battery pack to store electricity and supply electricity through the solar power generation panel, the storage battery pack and the solar power generation control inverter, and provides power for the whole system.
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