CN111361175A - Production method, product and production equipment of gel sheet and aerogel composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a production method, product and production equipment of a gel sheet and aerogel composite material. Wherein, the production method of the gel sheet includes: 1) compressing the fluffy fibrous material by using a flat separator; 2) injecting a sol liquid into the compressed fluffy fibrous material, and after gelation, separating the flat separator and the intermediate gel film. The use of flat separators to compress the fluffy fibrous material can effectively control the thickness of the gel sheet and reduce the thickness deviation when making thinner products.

Description

Production method, product and production equipment of gel sheet and aerogel composite material

technical field

The invention relates to the field of aerogel composite materials, in particular to a gel sheet, a production method, products and production equipment of aerogel composite materials.

Background technique

As the heat of aerogel gradually increases, more and more researches have been done on aerogel. The aerogel itself is relatively brittle, but after being compounded with other fiber materials, it can effectively improve the fragmentation situation, and has a certain flexibility. At present, the industrial production technology of aerogel composites is relatively mature. The aerogel composite material includes aerogel and reinforcing material. The preparation process is to prepare a solution and a catalyst in advance, mix the solution and the catalyst to form a sol, and composite the reinforcing material in the sol stage. Gel composite.

Aerogel composites have been mass-produced in industry, and their production methods can be continuous production and batch production.

For example: CN 101653975 B discloses a process and device for casting a gel sheet, that is, the fiber material is rolled into a roll with a water-impermeable material, and then a catalyzed sol solution is injected, and the water-impermeable material is disassembled after it is gelled. The aerogel sheet is separated by a breathable material, and then dried. This process has the problem that the thickness cannot be controlled. The fiber material is rolled into a roll. If the strength is not well controlled, the thickness will be different, resulting in the final product. The uniformity of the thickness cannot be guaranteed.

CN 107848815 A discloses an aerogel sheet manufacturing apparatus, comprising: a fixed container into which a felt is inserted; and a dipping device that injects a silica sol precursor into the felt inserted into the fixed container to impregnate and gelling the silica sol precursor, wherein the impregnation device includes a rotating roller that moves from one end of the top surface of the felt to the other while rotating to inject the stored silica sol precursor into the felt, thereby impregnating and gelling Silica sol precursor. The device can efficiently and quickly produce aerogel composite materials, but there is no way to control the thickness of the product. The thickness of the product depends on the thickness of the fiber material, and the thickness of the fiber material is uneven. The thickness of the final product is uneven.

CN 107614432 A discloses an apparatus for manufacturing aerogel sheets, comprising: a plurality of fixed containers into which fiber sheets are inserted; and an impregnation container provided with a accommodating part and a silica precursor injection part , a plurality of fixed containers are stacked in the accommodating part in multiple stages, and the silica precursor injection part injects the silica precursor into the accommodating part to impregnate the silica precursor into the fibers inserted in the respective fixed containers In sheet, the batch production unit also cannot control the product thickness.

According to the national standard GB/T 34336-2017 "Nanoporous Aerogel Thermal Insulation Composite Products", the size and allowable deviation of the felt in the size and allowable deviation of aerogel thermal insulation composite products are: when the thickness δ≥10mm, the thickness requirements allow The deviation is (-1.0, +3.0)mm; when the thickness is 5<δ<10mm, the allowable deviation is (-1.0, +2.0)mm; when the thickness δ≤5mm, the allowable deviation is (0, +2.0)mm . The thickness dimension and allowable deviation of the plate are: (-1.0, +2.0) mm. The thickness of the fluffy fiber material felt is specified in GB/T 11835-2016, "Rock wool, slag wool and its products for thermal insulation", and the allowable deviation is (-3, not limited) mm, and the allowable deviation for the thickness of the board is (- 3, +3) mm. The thickness tolerance specified in this national standard is difficult to achieve for aerogel thermal insulation composite materials, especially when preparing thinner products, it is difficult to achieve the required thickness.

Aerogel composite materials will not only be used in industrial pipes, boiler insulation, automobile body insulation, indoor wall decoration insulation, etc., but also in some relatively closed equipment with certain vibration or friction. When used in these devices for a long time, the aerogel composite materials are required to have high mechanical properties, which can prevent damage during use, but the currently commercially available aerogel composite materials have poor mechanical properties, and a little force is applied. It falls off from the affixed surface, so it cannot meet the requirements of use. For example, the aerogel composite material Pyrogel (XT-E) of Aspen Company has been tested by mechanical properties, and its in-plane tensile strength is 0.005-0.02MPa, shear strength is 0.006-0.03MPa, tensile strength is 0.2-0.5 MPa. In-plane tensile strength test (refer to ASTM 297), shear strength test (refer to ASTM C273/C273M), tensile strength test (refer to ASTM-D3574-08).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a production method, product and production equipment of a gel sheet and aerogel composite material in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.

The technical scheme provided by the present invention is:

A production method of a gel sheet, comprising:

1) The fluffy fibrous material is compressed by the plane partition;

2) The sol liquid is injected into the compressed fluffy fiber material, and after gelation, the flat separator and the gel sheet in the middle are separated.

In the present invention, the fluffy fiber material is compressed by the flat separator, which can effectively control the thickness of the gel sheet and reduce the thickness deviation when preparing thinner products.

In the step 1) of the present invention, the fluffy fibrous material is compressed to a specified thickness using two flat separators.

In the step 1) of the present invention, the fluffy fibrous materials are arranged at intervals by using multi-layer planar separators, and are respectively compressed to a specified thickness. The fluffy fiber material is respectively placed between the multi-layer flat separators, and then the fluffy fiber material is compressed to a specified thickness by the multi-layer flat separator to realize the production of multiple gel sheets.

In the present invention, the compression to a specified thickness adopts a limit block of a specified thickness between the plane partitions. Compression to the specified thickness is achieved by the thickness of the stopper.

In the present invention, different specified thicknesses can be selected, which can be 1-30 mm. Preferably, the specified thickness is 1-20 mm. Further preferred are 2mm, 5mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, and the like.

In step 1) of the present invention, the fluffy fiber material is compressed by using a plane partition, and the thickness of the compressed fluffy fiber material reaches 5-80%. Preferably, the degree of compression in the step 1): the original thickness of the fluffy fiber material is compressed by 5-50%. By controlling the degree of compression of the bulky fibrous material, the strength of the product, such as shear strength, in-plane pull strength and tensile strength, is improved. The degree of compression may be 5%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, etc., more preferably 30% to 50%.

The shape of the fluffy fibrous material in the present invention may be sheet, plate, felt or block. The density of the fluffy fibrous material described in the present invention is in the range of 0.03-0.30 g/cm ³ .

The fluffy fiber material in the present invention is selected from one or more of glass fiber, pre-oxidized silk fiber, polyurethane foam material, melamine foam, ceramic fiber, aramid fiber and polyester fiber. Preferably, the fluffy fiber material is pre-oxidized silk fiber, aramid fiber, polyester fiber.

The material of the plane partition in the present invention is selected from one or more of plastic, wood, marble, glass, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and iron alloy.

In the step 2) of the present invention, the compressed fluffy fiber material is transferred into a sealed reaction device, and negative pressure is formed in the reaction device and sol liquid is injected. In the form of negative pressure, the sol liquid can be accelerated into the fluffy fiber material as soon as possible to complete the impregnation, and the dead zone without sol liquid can also be avoided.

Preferably, the pressure of the reaction device is controlled at -0.05～-0.095MPa. More preferably, it is -0.06 to -0.08MPa.

The sol liquid in the present invention can be inorganic, organic or inorganic-organic combined sol liquid. Preferably, the sol liquid is silica sol, metal oxide sol or organic sol. More preferred are silica sol, alumina sol, zirconia sol, polyurethane sol, and polyimide sol.

The present invention provides a gel sheet prepared by the above-mentioned production method.

The present invention provides a method for producing an aerogel composite material. The above production method is used to prepare a gel sheet, and then the gel sheet is dried to obtain an aerogel composite material. The drying can be supercritical drying, atmospheric drying, subcritical drying, freeze drying or microwave drying.

The present invention provides an aerogel composite material prepared by the above-mentioned production method.

The aerogel composite material described in the present invention includes the following properties:

(1) Thermal conductivity at room temperature≤0.04W/m·K;

(2) Shear strength≥0.2MPa;

(3) In-plane tensile strength ≥ 0.2MPa;

(4) Tensile strength ≥ 1Mpa.

Preferably, the aerogel composite material includes the following properties:

(1) Thermal conductivity at room temperature≤0.03W/m·K;

(2) Shear strength≥0.4MPa;

(3) In-plane tensile strength ≥ 0.3MPa;

(4) Tensile strength ≥ 2MPa.

Preferably, the aerogel composite material includes the following properties:

(1) Thermal conductivity at room temperature≤0.025W/m·K;

(2) Shear strength≥0.5MPa;

(3) In-plane tensile strength ≥ 0.3MPa;

(4) Tensile strength ≥4MPa.

Performance test of the material in the present invention: in-plane tensile strength test (refer to ASTM 297), sample area ≥ 625mm ² , shear strength test (refer to ASTM C273/C273M), tensile strength test (refer to ASTM-D3574- 08), the sample is cut according to the cutting diagram of the tensile property test sample in GB1040.3-2006.

The invention provides a device for controlling the thickness of an aerogel composite material, comprising: at least two stacked plane partitions, a height limit block between the plane partitions, and a limit bracket for fixing the plane partitions.

In the present invention, the fluffy fibrous material is compressed to a specified thickness by a plane separator, and the height-limiting block can adjust the specified thickness; then a sol liquid is injected, and after the sol is transformed into a gel, the plane separator and the gel sheet in the middle are separated to obtain Gel sheets of specified thickness. The device can not only produce thinner products, but also reduce the thickness deviation of thinner products.

In the present invention, the height-limiting block can be arranged separately from the plane partition, or can be connected with the plane partition.

In the present invention, two height-limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides between the plane partitions. The shape of the height-limiting block can be arbitrary, as long as the distance between the plane partitions is consistent, preferably a rectangular height-limiting block. Preferably, the thicknesses of the two height-limiting blocks between the plane partitions are the same.

The material of the height-limiting block in the present invention can be selected from one or a combination of plastic, wood, marble, glass, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and iron alloy.

In the present invention, height-limiting blocks with different thicknesses can be selected, which can be 1-30 mm. Preferably, the height-limiting block has a thickness of 1-20 mm. Further preferred are 2mm, 5mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, and the like.

The material of the planar separator in the present invention can be selected from one or a combination of plastic, wood, marble, glass, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and iron alloy.

The thickness of the planar separator in the present invention is 1-20 mm.

The limiting bracket in the present invention includes a pair of bracket plates and a connecting rod for fixing the two brackets. The limit bracket is used to fix or clamp the plane partition and the height limit block, so as to avoid the change of the distance between the plane partitions; in addition, it is also convenient for the overall disassembly and transportation of the whole device.

Preferably, the support plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the planar partition, and cooperate with the connecting rods for fixing the two to form a space where the planar partition can be placed and fixed.

Preferably, the side end of the bracket plate is provided with a fixing slot for mounting with the connecting rod. Further preferably, the fixing slots may be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support plate, and the number on one side may be 2 to 5, or more, and the directions of the fixing slots may also be different. The number of connecting rods is determined according to the fixed card slot.

Preferably, the bottom of the support plate is provided with a folded edge. The hem prevents the flat partition from coming out.

Preferably, hooks are provided on the support plate. The hooks facilitate the overall transport of the unit.

Preferably, the plate body of the support plate is provided with a hollow structure. The hollow structure allows a large amount of sol liquid to enter between the plane partitions, avoiding the dead zone without sol liquid.

The present invention also provides a device for manufacturing aerogel composite materials, including the device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material as described above and a reaction device for accommodating the device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material; the reaction device is provided with There is a feed port for the sol liquid.

The reaction device in the present invention may be an open structure or a sealed structure. Preferably, the reaction device is a sealed structure, which can be composed of a bottom container and a top cover.

Preferably, the reaction device is provided with a first feed port and/or a second feed port for the sol liquid. The first feeding port is arranged on the top cover for adding sol liquid under normal pressure. The second feeding port is arranged at the side end of the bottom container for adding the sol liquid under negative pressure.

Preferably, the reaction device is provided with a suction port. The air suction port can be connected with a vacuum pump, and the pressure of the reaction device can be controlled before or during the gelation reaction to form a negative pressure, and the sol liquid can be added with the second feed port.

Preferably, a liquid level display mechanism is provided on the outer side of the reaction device. The liquid level display mechanism includes interfaces on the upper and lower ends of the reaction device, and a transparent leather tube connecting the interfaces between the upper and lower ends.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:

(1) In the present invention, the flat separator is used to compress the fluffy fiber material, which can effectively control the thickness of the gel sheet and reduce the thickness deviation when preparing thinner products.

(2) In the present invention, by controlling the degree of compression of the fluffy fiber material, the strength of the product, such as shear strength, in-plane tensile strength and tensile strength, is improved.

(3) The device and equipment in the present invention can control the thickness of the aerogel composite material, and can manufacture the aerogel composite material with a thickness of 1 to 20 mm, and the thickness deviation can be controlled within -0.2 to 0.2 mm, - 1.0～1.0mm, -1.5～0.5mm, -0.5～1.5mm or 0～2.0mm.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for controlling the thickness of an aerogel composite material;

Fig. 2 is the assembly position relation diagram of some components;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a support plate;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of connecting rod;

Fig. 5 is the preparation state diagram of the monolithic aerogel composite material;

Fig. 6 is the preparation state diagram of the multi-piece aerogel composite material;

7 is a schematic structural diagram of a manufacturing equipment of aerogel composite materials;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus for manufacturing an aerogel composite material.

101, bottom container; 102, top cover; 103, first feed port; 104, second feed port; 105, suction port; 106, upper end interface; 107, lower end interface; 2, Bracket plate; 201, fixed slot; 202, hemming; 203, hollow structure; 204, hook; 3, plane partition; 4, height limit block; 5, connecting rod; 501, bayonet; 502, baffle; 6. Fluffy fiber material.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In the drawings, parts unnecessary for describing the present invention will be omitted for clarity.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material includes: stacked planar partitions 3 , height-limiting blocks 4 located between the planar partitions 3 , and limiting brackets for fixing the planar partitions 3 .

The material of the plane partition 3 can be selected from one or a combination of plastic, wood, marble, glass, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and iron alloy. The shape and size of the planar separator 3 can be selected according to the desired size of the aerogel composite sheet. The thickness of the planar separator 3 is 1 to 20 mm, specifically, 5 mm and 10 mm.

The planar partitions 3 are stacked in sequence, and the overall size of each planar partition 3 is the same. The number of the planar partitions 3 can be increased or decreased according to actual production needs, but at least two planar partitions 3 are included.

Two height-limiting blocks 4 are symmetrically arranged on both sides within the interval between each pair of plane partitions 3 . The height-limiting block 4 can be provided separately from the plane partition 3 , or can be connected with the plane partition 3 . The material of the height-restricting block 4 can be selected from one or a combination of plastic, wood, marble, glass, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and iron alloy.

The shape of the height-limiting block 4 can be arbitrary, as long as the distance between the plane partitions 3 is consistent, and the height-limiting block 4 can be a rectangle. The distance between the plane partitions 3 is adjusted by the thickness of the height-limiting blocks 4, and the thickness of the height-limiting blocks 4 can be selected differently, and can be 1-30 mm, specifically 1-20 mm. For example 2mm, 5mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm and 20mm etc. The thicknesses of the two height-limiting blocks 4 between the plane partitions 3 are preferably kept the same, of course, they can also be different when producing aerogel sheets with special shapes.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the limit bracket includes a pair of bracket plates 2 and a connecting rod 5 for fixing the two. The limit bracket is used to fix or clamp the plane partition 3 and the height limit block 4, so as to prevent the distance between the plane partitions 3 from changing; in addition, it is also convenient for the overall disassembly and transportation of the entire device. The support plates 2 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the stacked plane partitions 3, and cooperate with the connecting rods 5 for fixing the two support plates 2 to form a space for placing and fixing the stacked plane partitions 3.

The bracket plate 2 is in the shape of a sheet as a whole, and a hook 204 is provided on the top, which can facilitate the overall transportation of the device. The bottom of the bracket plate 2 is provided with a folded edge 202 , and the flat partition plate 3 is preferably placed vertically between the bracket plates 2 when placed in the limiting bracket, so the folded edge 202 can prevent the flat partition plate 3 from coming out. A hollow structure 203 is provided on the board body of the support board 2 . The hollow structure 203 can allow a large amount of sol liquid to enter between the planar partitions 3, so as to avoid a dead zone without sol liquid.

The two side ends of the bracket plate 2 are provided with fixed slots 201 for mounting with the connecting rod 5 . The fixed card slots 201 can be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support plate 2 , and the number on one side can be 2 to 5, specifically three, and the directions of the fixed card slots 201 can also be different. The number of connecting rods 5 is determined according to the number of fixing slots 201 . As shown in FIG. 3 , there are three fixing slots 201 on one side, and six fixing slots 201 on both sides, corresponding to six connecting rods 5 .

As shown in FIG. 4 , the connecting rod 5 is provided with a bayonet 501 which is matched with the fixing slot 201 , and baffles 502 are provided on both sides of the bayonet 501 . The baffle 502 can prevent the fixing slot 201 from coming out of the bayonet 501 .

The assembly of the device to control the thickness of the aerogel composite is shown in Figure 2. Place the two support plates 2 symmetrically, and install three connecting rods 5 on one side. Place the side on which the three connecting rods 5 are installed on the bottom surface, and place the plane partition 3 , the height limiting block 4 and the fluffy fiber material 6 in order from bottom to top. Two height-limiting blocks 4 and fluffy fiber material 6 are placed between every two plane partitions 3, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the two height-limiting blocks 4 are placed near the sides of the plane partitions 3, and the fluffy fiber material 6 is It is placed between two height-limiting blocks 4 , and the fluffy fiber material 6 is compressed to a specified thickness through the plane partition 3 , where the specified thickness is the thickness of the height-limiting block 4 . Then, another three connecting rods 5 are installed on the other side of the two bracket plates 2 .

The manufacturing equipment of the aerogel composite material includes a device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material and a reaction device 1 . The reaction device 1 is used to place or accommodate the device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material, and the installed device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material is put into the reaction device 1 . The shape of the reaction apparatus 1 is not particularly limited, and may be an open structure or a sealed structure.

As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the reaction device 1 is a sealed structure, consisting of a bottom container 101 and a top cover 102, and the whole is a rectangular parallelepiped.

The top cover 102 is provided with a first feeding port 103 and an air exhaust port 105 . Both the first feeding port 103 and the air exhaust port 105 are provided with valves, which can be opened during use. The first feeding port 103 is mainly used for adding the sol solution at normal pressure, and it is only necessary to pour the sol solution on the top.

The bottom container 101 is provided with a second feed port 104 for the sol liquid, and the second feed port 104 is also provided with a valve. The air suction port 105 can be connected with a vacuum pump, and the pressure of the reaction device 1 can be controlled before or during the gelation reaction to form a negative pressure, and the second feed port 104 can be used to feed the sol liquid.

The outer side of the bottom container 101 is provided with a liquid level display mechanism. The liquid level display mechanism includes an upper end interface 106 on the outer side of the bottom container 101, a lower end interface 107, and a transparent leather tube connecting the upper and lower end interfaces. The bottom container can be known by observing the liquid level of the sol liquid in the transparent leather tube. Level height of the sol liquid in 101.

The present invention also provides a method for producing a gel sheet, comprising: 1) compressing the fluffy fibrous material 6 by using a plane partition 3; 2) injecting a sol liquid into the compressed fluffy fibrous material 6, and after gelation, Separate the flat separator 3 from the gel sheet in the middle. The fluffy fiber material 6 is compressed to a specified thickness by the plane partition 3, and the height limit block 4 can adjust the specified thickness; then the sol liquid is injected from the first feeding port 103 or the second feeding port 104, and after the sol is transformed into a gel , to separate the planar separator 3 from the gel sheet in the middle, that is, to obtain a gel sheet with a specified thickness.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 , the production method of the gel sheet includes: 1) compressing the fluffy fiber material 6 to a specified thickness by using two flat separators 3; 2) compressing the fluffy fiber material 6 into the compressed fluffy fiber material 6 After the sol liquid is injected and gelled, the flat separator 3 and the gel sheet in the middle are separated.

Another implementation method, as shown in FIG. 6 , the production method of the gel sheet includes: 1) using multi-layer planar separators to arrange the fluffy fibrous materials at intervals, and compress them to a specified thickness; 2) to the compressed fluffy fiber material The sol liquid is injected into the fiber material 6, and after gelation, the flat separator 3 and the gel sheet in the middle are separated.

The following is a description of specific application examples:

Application example 1

Two flat separators are used, which can be rigid plastic plates. The fluffy pre-oxidized silk fibers with a thickness of 2.2 to 2.5 mm are limited in height by a height-limiting block with a thickness of 2.0 mm, and then compressed to the height-limiting block. Then inject the prepared sol liquid so that the sol liquid can fill the pores of the fibers. After the sol is transformed into a gel, separate the flat rigid plastic plate and the pre-oxidized silk fiber composite gel sheet to obtain 2.0mm Thick gel sheet.

Application example 2

Two flat separators are used, which can be aluminum plates. The fluffy glass fiber with a thickness of 10.0-11.0mm is limited by a 10.0mm height-limiting block, compressed to 10.0mm, and then pumped under a vacuum of 0.08MPa. Negative pressure for 30min, and then inject the prepared sol liquid, so that the glass fiber is completely immersed in the sol liquid, wait for gelation, and then separate the flat aluminum plate and the glass fiber gel sheet to obtain a 10.0mm thick gel sheet.

Application example 3

A plurality of plane separators are used, which can be iron plates. The fluffy glass fibers with a thickness of 5.0-6.0mm are limited in height by 5.0mm height-limiting blocks, and the fluffy glass fibers with a thickness of 2.0-3.0mm are limited by 2.0 mm. mm height limit block height, compress it to 5.0mm height limit block height and 2.0mm height limit block height, inject the prepared sol solution, make the glass fiber completely immersed in the sol liquid, wait for gelation, separate the iron plate and Glass fiber gel sheets, namely gel sheets with a thickness of 5.0 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively.

Application example 4

Two flat separators are used, which can be rigid plastic plates. The fluffy pre-oxidized silk fibers with a thickness of 1.1 to 1.3 mm are compressed to 1.0 mm (compression degree) with a height-limiting block with a thickness of 1.0 mm. 9%-23%), and then inject the prepared sol liquid so that the sol liquid can fill the pores of the fibers. After the sol is transformed into a gel, separate the flat rigid plastic plate and the pre-oxidized silk fiber composite gel sheet , that is, a gel sheet with a thickness of 1.0 mm is obtained, and the gel sheet is dried by supercritical to obtain a flat xerogel sheet with a specified thickness, and the thickness deviation of the xerogel sheet is (-0.15, 0.2) mm.

To test the properties of the xerogel sheet, (1) the thermal conductivity at room temperature is 0.0017W/m·K; (2) the shear strength is 0.41MPa; (3) the in-plane tensile strength is 0.35MPa; (4) the tensile strength is 3.24MPa.

Application example 5

Two flat separators are used, which can be rigid plastic plates. The fluffy pre-oxidized silk fibers with a thickness of 10.5 to 11.5 mm are limited to a height of 10.0 mm and compressed to 10.0 mm (the degree of compression). 4.8%-13%), inject the prepared sol liquid, and then pump negative pressure for 40min under the vacuum of 0.06MPa, so that the sol liquid can fill the pores of the fiber, and after the sol is transformed into a gel, the plane rigid A gel sheet composited with a plastic plate and pre-oxidized silk fibers, a gel sheet with a thickness of 10.0 mm is obtained, and the gel sheet is dried by an atmospheric pressure drying method to obtain a flat xerogel sheet with a specified thickness. The xerogel sheet The thickness deviation is (-0.5, 1.0) mm.

To test the properties of the xerogel sheet, (1) the thermal conductivity at room temperature is 0.022W/m·K; (2) the shear strength is 0.33MPa; (3) the in-plane tensile strength is 0.31MPa; (4) the tensile strength is 3.12MPa.

Application example 6

A plurality of plane separators are used, which can be aluminum plates. The fluffy glass fibers with a thickness of 5.1-6.0mm are limited by 5.0mm height-limiting blocks, and the fluffy glass fibers with a thickness of 2.1-2.5mm are limited by 2.0mm Compressed to 5.0mm (compression degree of 2%-16.7%) and 2.0mm (compression degree of 4.7%-20%), inject the prepared sol solution to make the glass fiber completely immersed in the sol liquid , to gel, separate the aluminum plate to obtain gel sheets with thickness of 5.0mm and 2.0mm respectively, and dry the gel sheets by supercritical drying method to obtain flat xerogel sheets of specified thickness. The thickness deviation of (-0.3, 0.5) mm.

To test the properties of the xerogel sheet, (1) thermal conductivity at room temperature 0.020W/m·K; (2) shear strength 0.27MPa; (3) in-plane tensile strength 0.28MPa; (4) tensile strength 1.88MPa.

Application example 7

Two sheets of plane partitions are used, which can be rigid plastic plates. Polyurethane fibers with a thickness of 9.5 to 10.0 mm are used to limit the height of the thickness of 7.0 mm and are compressed to 7.0 mm (the degree of compression is 26.3%). -30%), inject the prepared sol liquid, and then pump the negative pressure for 40min under the vacuum of 0.07MPa, so that the sol liquid can fill the pores of the fibers. Polyurethane fiber composite gel sheet, drying the gel sheet by normal pressure drying method to obtain a flat xerogel sheet of specified thickness, the thickness deviation of the xerogel sheet is (-0.8, 0.8) mm.

To test the properties of the xerogel sheet, (1) the thermal conductivity at room temperature is 0.023W/m·K; (2) the shear strength is 0.44MPa; (3) the in-plane tensile strength is 0.39MPa; (4) the tensile strength is 3.62MPa.

Application example 8

Two flat partitions are used, which can be marble slabs. The aramid fibers with a thickness of 5.0 to 6.0 mm are used to limit the height of the aramid fibers with a thickness of 3.5 mm and are compressed to 3.5 mm (the compression degree is 30%- 41.6%), inject the prepared sol liquid, and then pump the negative pressure for 30min under the vacuum degree of 0.09MPa, so that the sol liquid can fill the pores of the fibers. Fiber composite gel sheet, drying the gel sheet by normal pressure drying method to obtain a flat xerogel sheet of specified thickness, the thickness deviation of the xerogel sheet is (-0.5, 0.8) mm.

To test the properties of the xerogel sheet, (1) thermal conductivity at room temperature 0.020W/m·K; (2) shear strength 0.55MPa; (3) in-plane tensile strength 0.46MPa; (4) tensile strength 4.31MPa.

Application example 9

Two plane separators are used, which can be rigid plastic plates. The pre-oxidized silk fibers with a thickness of 2.3-2.9mm are compressed to 1.5mm with a height-limiting block with a thickness of 1.5mm (the degree of compression is 1.5mm). 34.7%-48.2%), inject the prepared sol liquid, and then pump the negative pressure for 40min under the vacuum degree of 0.08MPa, so that the sol liquid can fill the fiber pores, and after the sol is transformed into a gel, the plane rigid plastic is separated. The gel sheet composited with the board and the pre-oxidized silk fiber is dried by the normal pressure drying method to obtain a flat xerogel sheet with a specified thickness, and the thickness deviation of the xerogel sheet is (-0.3, 0.5) mm .

To test the properties of the xerogel sheet, (1) thermal conductivity at room temperature 0.016W/m·K; (2) shear strength 0.62MPa; (3) in-plane tensile strength 0.55MPa; (4) tensile strength 4.57MPa.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, personnel can make some changes or modifications to equivalent examples of equivalent changes by using the above-mentioned technical content, but any content that does not depart from the technical solution of the present invention is based on the technical solution of the present invention. Substantially any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments still fall within the scope of the solutions of the present invention.

Claims (29)

1. a production method of gel sheet, is characterized in that, comprises: 1) The fluffy fibrous material is compressed by the plane partition; 2) The sol liquid is injected into the compressed fluffy fiber material, and after gelation, the flat separator and the gel sheet in the middle are separated. 2 . The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein in the step 1), two sheets of flat separators are used to compress the fluffy fiber material to a specified thickness. 3 . 3 . The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein in the step 1), the fluffy fibrous materials are arranged at intervals by using multi-layer planar separators, and are respectively compressed to a specified thickness. 4 . 4. The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the compressing to a specified thickness is performed by setting a limit block of a specified thickness between the plane partitions. 5. The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the specified thickness is 1-20 mm. 6 . The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the degree of compression in the step 1): the original thickness of the fluffy fiber material is compressed by 5-50%. 7 . 7 . The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the density of the fluffy fibrous material ranges from 0.03 to 0.30 g/cm ³ . 8. The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the fluffy fiber material is selected from the group consisting of glass fiber, pre-oxidized silk fiber, polyurethane foam, polyester fiber, aramid fiber, melamine foam One or more of cotton and ceramic fibers. 9. The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the material of the plane partition is selected from one or more of plastic, wood, marble, glass, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and iron alloy. kind. 10. The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the compressed fluffy fibrous material is transferred into a sealed reaction device, and a negative pressure is formed in the reaction device and the sol is injected liquid. 11 . The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 10 , wherein the pressure of the reaction device is controlled at -0.05 to -0.095 MPa. 12 . 12 . The method for producing a gel sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the sol liquid is silica sol, metal oxide sol or organic sol. 13 . 13. A gel sheet prepared by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 12. 14. A method for producing an aerogel composite material, characterized in that a gel sheet is prepared by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and then the gel sheet is dried to obtain the aerogel composite material. 15. An aerogel composite material prepared by the production method according to claim 14. 16. The aerogel composite material of claim 15, wherein the aerogel composite material comprises the following properties: (1) Thermal conductivity at room temperature≤0.04W/m·K; (2) Shear strength≥0.2MPa; (3) In-plane tensile strength ≥ 0.2MPa; (4) Tensile strength ≥ 1MPa. 17. A device for controlling the thickness of an aerogel composite material, characterized by comprising: at least two stacked planar partitions, a height-limiting block located between the planar partitions, and a limit bracket for fixing the planar partitions. 18 . The device for controlling the thickness of aerogel composite material according to claim 17 , wherein two height-limiting blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides between the plane partitions. 19 . 19 . The device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material according to claim 18 , wherein the thicknesses of the two height-limiting blocks between the plane partitions are the same. 20 . 20 . The device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material according to claim 17 , wherein the height-limiting block has a thickness of 1-20 mm. 21 . 21 . The device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material according to claim 17 , wherein the thickness of the planar separator is 1-20 mm. 22 . 22. The device for controlling the thickness of an aerogel composite material according to claim 17, wherein the limiting bracket comprises a pair of bracket plates and a connecting rod for fixing the two. 23. The device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material according to claim 22, wherein the side end of the support plate is provided with a fixing slot for installation with the connecting rod. 24. The device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material according to claim 22, wherein the bottom of the support plate is provided with a folded edge. 25. The device for controlling the thickness of the aerogel composite material according to claim 22, wherein a hollow structure is provided on the plate body of the support plate. 26. An apparatus for manufacturing aerogel composite materials, comprising the device for controlling the thickness of aerogel composite materials as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 25 and a reaction device for accommodating the device for controlling the thickness of aerogel composite materials ; The reaction device is provided with a feed port for the sol liquid. 27. The apparatus for manufacturing aerogel composite materials according to claim 26, wherein the reaction device is a sealed structure. 28. The apparatus for manufacturing aerogel composite materials according to claim 27, wherein the reaction device is provided with an air suction port. 29. The apparatus for manufacturing aerogel composite materials according to claim 26, wherein a liquid level display mechanism is provided on the outer side of the reaction device.

Images