CN111358551A - A microwave ablation catheter for bronchoscopy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a microwave ablation catheter used under a bronchoscope, and belongs to the technical field of medical devices. Wherein, the microwave ablation catheter includes a handle, a fixed sheath, a silicone catheter, and a microwave catheter head; the handle includes a microwave joint, a temperature measurement joint, a water inlet pipe joint, and a water outlet pipe joint; the fixed sheath is externally placed on the silicone catheter, which is fixed The position sheath and the silicone catheter are placed together at the handle end; the silicone catheter adopts a multi-lumen silicone tube, and memory alloy material is added in the catheter; the head of the microwave catheter includes a microwave antenna, an eccentric balloon, and a temperature measurement module. The invention provides a microwave ablation catheter for bronchoscopy, which can perform intracavity microwave ablation under ERCP combined with biliary stent placement, thereby increasing the stent patency period and the patient's survival period.

Description

A microwave ablation catheter for bronchoscopy

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a microwave ablation catheter for bronchoscopy.

Background technique

Benign and malignant tumors in the airway often cause different degrees of airway obstruction, resulting in severe breathing difficulties, and complications such as obstructive pneumonia, which seriously threaten the life of patients. Its traditional surgical treatment has the disadvantages of long operation period and many postoperative complications, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients, and even threatens life. In the past ten years, with the comprehensive application of modern advanced equipment and technology, the field of airway intervention has developed rapidly. Some cases of local obstruction can be recanalized by ablation techniques combined with stents, radiotherapy and other techniques. This part of the cases can often get significant treatment effects: significantly improve ventilation, relieve dyspnea, improve activity tolerance, improve quality of life, and prolong life expectancy. In recent years, with the extensive development of airway interventional technology and the continuous application of new technology equipment, the extensive development of airway interventional technology and the continuous application of new technology equipment, airway tumor ablation technology has gradually formed a relatively complete technical series. The bronchoscopy interventional ablation technique has the characteristics of simple operation, remarkable curative effect, and few adverse reactions. Among them, the microwave ablation technique has the advantages of accurate positioning, small contact point of the radiation head, easy to grasp the cautery area and relatively safe, etc., and is gradually favored by many doctors. It has been used to treat patients with bronchial lesions at home and abroad.

Microwaves used clinically are non-ionizing radiation electromagnetic waves. The main mechanism of action is that after microwave radiation, electrolyte ions and bound charges in the body tissue rapidly move relative to the microwave frequency to absorb microwave energy, so that the polar molecules in the tissue are in High-speed oscillation state. During the oscillation process, in order to overcome the viscosity of the medium and the friction between adjacent molecules, the microwave energy can be converted into heat energy, resulting in high temperature (up to 65℃-100℃) in the tissue. The high temperature can make the bronchial lesions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, granulation and necrotic tissue coagulation, degeneration, necrosis or vaporization. Thereby, the patient's airway is expanded, and the sputum bacteria negative conversion is accelerated. In addition, the temperature of the surrounding tissue also rises at the same time, so that the blood vessels expand and blood supply increases, which promotes the absorption of local inflammation and the regeneration and repair of the surrounding tissue, which is beneficial to the recovery of the patient. The main indications of microwave therapy are airway stenosis caused by benign and malignant tumors, airway granulation tissue formation, and hemostasis. In addition, other effects of microwave, such as immune and anti-inflammatory effects, can also enhance leukocyte phagocytosis, inhibit tumor cell metastasis to distant sites, and control the spread of inflammatory responses.

Existing microwave treatment technology directly contacts the microwave ablation antenna to the lesion tissue for ablation. During microwave ablation treatment, if the power is too large, the treatment time is too long, or the treatment range is too large and deep, complications such as bronchial wall hemorrhage and perforation may be caused. Most are avoided by the surgeon controlling the power used and minimizing the treatment time during the treatment. Therefore, avoiding the risk of bronchial wall perforation and artificial excessive burning during microwave ablation in the airway has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in clinical practice.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a microwave ablation catheter for bronchoscopy, which can perform intracavity microwave ablation combined with biliary stent placement under ERCP to increase stent patency and patient survival.

In order to achieve the above purpose, according to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the microwave ablation catheter for bronchoscopy includes a handle, a fixed sheath, a silicone catheter, and a microwave catheter head; the handle includes a microwave joint, a temperature measurement joint , water inlet pipe joint, water outlet pipe joint; the fixing sheath is externally placed on the silicone catheter, and the retaining sheath and the silicone catheter are placed on the handle end together; the silicone catheter adopts a multi-lumen silicone tube, and memory alloy material is added to the catheter; The microwave catheter head includes a microwave antenna, an eccentric balloon, and a temperature measurement module.

Preferably, the fixing sheath is fixed on the proximal handle end of the silicone catheter, and the fixing sheath is provided with a check valve, the check valve is used as a water injection hole for injecting physiological saline, and the physiological saline is injected into the stopper through the water injection interface. After returning to the valve, it reaches the position of the eccentric balloon, and the eccentric balloon expands outward with the microwave antenna as the axis to form an isolation cavity with human tissue when the microwave antenna is heated, buffer microwave energy, and make the treated tissue heated evenly;

Preferably, the head of the microwave catheter is integrally molded with silicone, and the bending rate can reach 60-180 degrees;

Preferably, the microwave antenna adopts a tetrafluoro ring coaxial monopole microwave antenna, the antenna length is 10mm, and it is excited by a coaxial transmission line. The tetrafluoro ring has a symmetrical standing wave distribution, and the microwave radiation electric field can be approximately expressed as:

Where: Eo is the peak value of the electric field; t is the pulse width; t ₁ is the pulse rise time and fall time; ƒ ₀ is the carrier frequency.

Preferably, the material of the silicone catheter is a medical silicone rubber tube added with memory alloy material, the high temperature resistance is greater than 200 ° C, the high temperature resistance is greater than 20% of the temperature of the microwave antenna when it is heated, the diameter of the catheter is less than 2.5mm, and the length is less than 2.5 mm. less than 1 meter;

Preferably, the volume of the eccentric balloon can be up to 20×15mm.

Preferably, the multi-lumen channel of the silicone catheter includes a water inlet cavity, a temperature measurement cavity, a coaxial cable cavity, and an eccentric balloon cavity;

Further, the water inlet cavity is used to input cooling water in the catheter, thereby reducing the damage of the tissue around the catheter by reducing the temperature of the catheter;

The temperature measurement chamber is connected to the temperature measurement connector and the temperature measurement module, and is used to place the ultra-fine coaxial cable of the temperature module; the temperature measurement module is placed at the bottom of the water inlet end of the eccentric balloon, and is used to monitor the degree of heating of human tissue ;

The coaxial cable cavity is connected to the microwave joint and the microwave antenna, and is used for a semi-rigid coaxial cable channel that can be processed as an antenna, and is also used as a water outlet cavity for outputting cooling water in the conduit;

The balloon cavity is connected with a water injection hole and an eccentric balloon, and is used for inputting physiological saline, and the physiological saline is input to the eccentric balloon, and the eccentric balloon gradually bulges around with the increase of the water injection volume.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. A microwave ablation catheter for the treatment of benign and malignant airway stenosis under bronchoscopy, which has the advantages of less trauma and fewer complications, can effectively remove lesions, restore airway patency, and improve the quality of life of patients; For patients with surgically treated airway lesions, microwave ablation via electronic bronchoscopy is a relatively safe and effective method.

2. A microwave ablation catheter for bronchoscopy, the design of the eccentric balloon water injection of the microwave ablation catheter, and the precise balloon-type temperature-controlled microwave ablation avoids the microwave antenna directly contacting the lesion tissue, and rapid The risk of perforation due to excessive carbonization of the tracheal wall due to excessive temperature or prolonged ablation of the focal tissue due to elevated temperature.

3. A temperature measurement module design for microwave ablation catheters under bronchoscopy can more accurately test the actual temperature of human tissue, so as to monitor the temperature of human tissue in real time, to prevent the tissue temperature from being too high, and to avoid the patient's injury during the treatment process. pain.

4. A microwave ablation catheter for bronchoscopy is designed for the treatment of airway obstruction, but it is not limited to the treatment of this disease, and can also be used for tumor emboli formed in the esophagus, colon, gastric antrum and bile duct. Blocking.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the microwave catheter tip eccentric balloon after water injection.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the microwave catheter head after the eccentric balloon of the microwave catheter head of the present invention is filled with water.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the eccentric balloon of the microwave catheter tip of the present invention without water injection.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of the microwave catheter head of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the microwave ablation catheter for bronchoscopy includes a handle 1, a fixed sheath 8, a silicone catheter 2, and a microwave catheter tip 3; the handle 1 includes a microwave connector 4, a measuring The temperature joint 5, the water inlet pipe joint 6, the water outlet pipe joint 7; the fixing sheath 8 is externally placed on the silicone catheter 2, and the fixing sheath 8 and the silicone catheter 2 are placed together at the first end of the handle; the silicone catheter 2 adopts a multi-lumen channel Silicone tube, with memory alloy material added in the catheter; the microwave catheter head 3 includes a microwave antenna 9 , an eccentric balloon 10 , and a temperature measurement module 11 .

The fixed sheath 8 is fixed on the silicone catheter 2 near the first end of the handle, and the fixed sheath 8 is provided with a check valve 12, the check valve 12 is used as a water injection hole for injecting physiological saline, and the physiological saline passes through the water injection interface 13. After being injected into the check valve 12, it reaches the position of the eccentric balloon 10, and the eccentric balloon 10 expands outward with the microwave antenna 9 as the axis to form an isolation cavity with human tissue when the microwave antenna 9 is heated, buffer microwave energy, and make the The treated tissue is heated evenly;

The microwave catheter head 3 is made of silicone as a whole, and the bending rate can reach 60-180 degrees. During the treatment, the microwave ablation catheter reaches the lesion position through the bronchoscope. According to the position of the lesion, an appropriate amount of normal saline is injected through the check valve 12. Physiological saline flows into the eccentric balloon 10 through the eccentric balloon cavity 17 of the silicone catheter, the eccentric balloon 10 is inflated, and the microwave energy is turned on. The energy rapidly heats water molecules to ablate airway lesions, and the volume of the eccentric balloon 10 after water injection can reach a maximum of 20x15mm. .

The microwave antenna 9 adopts a tetrafluoro-ring coaxial monopole microwave antenna, the antenna length is 10 mm, and is excited by a coaxial transmission line. The standing wave is distributed symmetrically up and down. During ablation treatment, the ablation range is distributed in an elliptical shape symmetrically outward along the antenna axis.

The silicone catheter 2 is made of a medical silicone rubber tube with a memory alloy material of less than 2.5 mm, which will not cause foreign body reactions to human tissues, and will not cause inflammation to surrounding tissues. More than 20% of the temperature when it is hot;

As shown in FIG. 3 , it is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the microwave catheter head eccentric balloon without water injection. It is the state when the microwave ablation catheter enters the human body, and the eccentric balloon 10 is in a closed state. After the injection of liquid is completed for ablation, The syringe can be connected to the check valve 12, the liquid in the eccentric balloon 10 can be sucked out, and the microwave ablation catheter can be withdrawn from the human body.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the multi-cavity of the silicone catheter 2 includes a water inlet cavity 14, a temperature measurement cavity 15, a coaxial cable cavity 16, and an eccentric balloon cavity 17, and the cavity is formed by an integral mold of silicone;

The water inlet cavity 14 is used to input cooling water into the silicone catheter, thereby reducing the damage of the tissue around the catheter by reducing the temperature of the catheter;

The temperature measurement chamber 15 is connected to the temperature measurement connector 5 and the temperature measurement module 11, and is used for placing the ultra-thin coaxial cable of the temperature module; the temperature measurement module 11 is placed at the bottom of the water inlet end of the eccentric balloon 10, and is used to monitor the human body The degree of tissue heating, the temperature measurement module enters the human body with the ablation catheter, and the doctor can judge the process state of the tissue being ablated by the temperature, so as to control the ablation process and judge the ablation effect;

The coaxial cable cavity 16 is connected to the microwave joint 4 and the microwave antenna 9, and is used for a semi-rigid coaxial cable channel that can be processed as an antenna, and is also used as a water outlet cavity for outputting cooling water in the conduit;

The balloon cavity 17 is connected to the check valve 12 as the water injection hole and the eccentric balloon 10, and is used for inputting physiological saline, and the physiological saline is input to the eccentric balloon 10, and the eccentric balloon 10 gradually bulges around with the increase of the water injection volume. .

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the patent of the present invention is subject to the appended claims.

Claims (11)

1. a microwave ablation catheter for bronchoscopy, comprising a handle, a fixed sheath, a silicone catheter, a microwave catheter head; the handle comprises a microwave joint, a temperature measurement joint, a water inlet pipe joint, and a water outlet pipe joint; the fixed sheath It is externally placed on the silicone catheter, and the retaining sheath and the silicone catheter are placed on the handle end together; the silicone catheter adopts a multi-lumen silicone tube, and memory alloy material is added to the catheter; the microwave catheter head includes a microwave antenna and an eccentric balloon. , the temperature measurement module. 2 . The microwave ablation catheter according to claim 1 , wherein the fixing sheath is fixed on the proximal handle end of the silicone catheter, and a check valve is provided on the fixing sheath, and the check valve is used for injecting physiological functions. 3 . The water injection hole of saline. After the normal saline is injected into the check valve through the water injection port, it reaches the position of the eccentric balloon. The eccentric balloon expands outward with the microwave antenna as the axis to form an isolation cavity with the human tissue when the microwave antenna is heated. The microwave energy heats the treated tissue evenly. 3 . The microwave ablation electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the head of the microwave catheter is integrally molded with silica gel, and the bending rate can reach 60-180 degrees. 4 . 4. The microwave ablation electrode according to claim 1, wherein the microwave antenna adopts a tetrafluoro ring coaxial monopole microwave antenna, the antenna length is 10mm, and is excited by a coaxial transmission line, and the antenna only has a tangential electric field strength , the direction of the field strength is perpendicular to the radiating antenna, and the standing wave distribution is symmetrical up and down in the tetrafluoro ring. The microwave radiation electric field can be approximately expressed as:

Where: Eo is the peak value of the electric field; t is the pulse width; t ₁ is the pulse rise time and fall time; ƒ ₀ is the carrier frequency. 5 . The microwave ablation electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the silicone catheter is a medical silicone rubber tube added with a memory alloy material, the high temperature resistance is greater than 200° C., and the high temperature resistance is greater than the temperature of the microwave antenna when it is heated. 6 . more than 20%, the diameter of the catheter is less than 2.5mm, and the length is less than 1 meter. 6 . The microwave ablation electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the eccentric balloon has a maximum volume of 20×15 mm. 7 . 7 . The microwave ablation electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-lumen channel of the silicone catheter comprises a water inlet cavity, a temperature measurement cavity, a coaxial cable cavity, and an eccentric balloon cavity. 8 . 8 . The microwave ablation electrode according to claim 7 , wherein the water inlet cavity is used to input cooling water into the catheter, so as to reduce the temperature of the catheter, thereby reducing the damage to the tissue around the catheter. 9 . 9 . The microwave ablation electrode according to claim 7 , wherein the temperature measurement cavity is connected to a temperature measurement connector and a temperature measurement module, and is used to place a very thin coaxial cable of the temperature module; the temperature measurement module is placed in the temperature measurement module. 10 . The bottom of the water inlet end of the eccentric balloon is used to monitor the degree of heating of human tissue. 10 . The microwave ablation electrode according to claim 7 , wherein the coaxial cable cavity is connected to a microwave joint and a microwave antenna, and is used for a semi-rigid coaxial cable channel that can be processed as an antenna, and is also used as a water outlet cavity. 11 . Used to output cooling water in conduits. 11 . The microwave ablation electrode according to claim 7 , wherein the balloon cavity is connected to a water injection hole and an eccentric balloon for inputting physiological saline, and the physiological saline is input to the eccentric balloon, and the eccentric balloon is injected with the eccentric balloon. 12 . The increase in water volume gradually bulged around.

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