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CN111355000B - Vehicle and power battery heating device and method thereof - Google Patents

Vehicle and power battery heating device and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111355000B
CN111355000B CN201811574271.2A CN201811574271A CN111355000B CN 111355000 B CN111355000 B CN 111355000B CN 201811574271 A CN201811574271 A CN 201811574271A CN 111355000 B CN111355000 B CN 111355000B
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China
Prior art keywords
phase
motor
state
power battery
switch
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CN111355000A (en
Inventor
黄伟
宁荣华
刘海军
张宇昕
丘国维
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vehicle and a power battery heating device and a method thereof, the power battery heating device comprises a three-phase inverter, a three-phase alternating current motor and a control module, the control module is used for obtaining a rotor angle signal of the three-phase alternating current motor, when the parking state of the vehicle detects that the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, a target switch state of the three-phase inverter is selected according to the motor type and the rotor angle signal, and the three-phase inverter is controlled to electrify and heat a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor according to a power supply device under the target switch state, so that the three-phase alternating current motor and/or the three-phase inverter heat cooling liquid flowing through the power battery after being electrified and heated, the temperature of the power battery can be increased without using an engine or adding a heating device during heating, the heating efficiency is high, the temperature of the power battery is increased rapidly, and the torque generated by the motor is small, and meanwhile, the torque of continuous rotation cannot be generated, so that the vehicle cannot run by itself during heating.

Description

Vehicle and power battery heating device and method thereof
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a vehicle and a power battery heating device and method thereof.
Background
In recent years, new energy automobiles are vigorously developed, and power batteries based on lithium ions are widely applied, so that the charge and discharge capacity of the power batteries is greatly reduced at low temperature due to the inherent characteristics of the batteries, which affects the use of the vehicles in cold regions.
In order to solve the problem, in the prior art, a battery management system is used for detecting and sending the temperature of a power battery unit, if the temperature is lower than a preset temperature threshold value, a vehicle control unit commands an engine controller to control an engine to rotate at a constant speed at a certain rotating speed through CAN communication, the engine drives a generator to rotate, and the power battery unit is rapidly charged and discharged through the generator to achieve the purpose of preheating a battery pack.
Another technical scheme in the prior art is that when the ambient temperature is low and the power battery needs to be heated, the cooling liquid is pumped out by the water pump from the refrigerating liquid tank and is sent into the liquid cooling plate of the power battery after being heated by the PTC heater, so that the temperature of the liquid cooling plate of the power battery is raised, and then the liquid cooling plate of the power battery heats the power battery, thereby improving the working performance of the power battery under the cold condition. In the technical scheme, a PTC heater is needed, so that the cost is increased, and if the PTC heater is damaged, the secondary cost is increased.
In summary, the prior art has problems that when the power battery is heated in a low temperature state, the battery heating efficiency is low due to the heating of the engine, and the cost is increased due to the heating of the PTC heater.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure is directed to a vehicle, a power battery heating apparatus and a method thereof, which are used to solve the problems of low battery heating efficiency caused by heating a power battery by an engine at a low temperature and cost increase caused by heating by a PTC heater in the prior art.
The present disclosure is achieved as such, and a first aspect of the present disclosure provides a power battery heating apparatus, including:
the three-phase inverter is connected with power supply equipment, and the power supply equipment is used as a heating energy source;
a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor is connected with a three-phase bridge arm of the three-phase inverter;
the control module is respectively connected with the three-phase inverter and the three-phase alternating current motor, and is used for acquiring a rotor angle signal of the three-phase alternating current motor, selecting a target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to a preset motor type and the rotor angle signal when the parking state of the vehicle detects that the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, and controlling the three-phase inverter to electrify and heat a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor according to heating energy provided by the power supply equipment in the target switching state, so that the three-phase alternating current motor and/or the three-phase inverter heat cooling liquid flowing through the power battery.
The second aspect of the present disclosure provides a power battery heating method, where the power battery heating method is based on the above power battery heating apparatus, and the power battery heating method includes:
acquiring a rotor angle signal of the three-phase alternating current motor;
when the temperature of the power battery is detected to be lower than a preset temperature value in the parking state of the vehicle, selecting a target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to a preset motor type and the rotor angle signal;
and controlling the three-phase inverter to electrify and heat a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor according to the heating energy provided by the power supply equipment in the target switching state, so that the three-phase alternating current motor and/or the three-phase inverter heat the cooling liquid flowing through the power battery.
A third aspect of the present disclosure provides a vehicle including the power battery heating apparatus of the first aspect.
The control module is used for acquiring a rotor angle signal of the three-phase alternating current motor, selecting a target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to the type of the motor and the rotor angle signal when the temperature of the power battery is detected to be lower than a preset temperature value in a parking state of the vehicle, and controlling the three-phase inverter to electrify and heat a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor according to power supply equipment in the target switching state, so that the three-phase alternating current motor is heated after being electrified and/or the three-phase inverter heats cooling liquid flowing through the power battery. The utility model discloses technical scheme is according to the on-off state of motor type with rotor angle signal control three-phase inverter for three-phase inverter provides the heat source to the inside three-phase coil of three-phase alternating current machine, realize the heating to power battery through cooling circuit behind the heating coolant liquid, need not use the engine or increase the temperature promotion that heating device just can realize power battery, and the heating efficiency is high, power battery temperature risees fast, and the torque that the motor produced is little, can not produce continuous rotatory torque simultaneously, with this guarantee that the vehicle can not travel by oneself when the heating.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery heating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is another schematic structural view of a power battery heating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a power battery heating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a distribution direction of a magnetic field of a stator of a motor during twelve switching operations of a three-phase inverter in a power battery heating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a current path diagram of a power battery heating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is another current path diagram of a power battery heating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a power battery heating method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle power battery heating system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more clearly understood, the present disclosure is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the disclosure.
In order to explain the technical solution of the present disclosure, the following description is given by way of specific examples.
The disclosed embodiment provides a power battery heating apparatus of a vehicle, as shown in fig. 1, the power battery heating apparatus includes:
a three-phase inverter 11, the three-phase inverter 11 being connected to a power supply apparatus 10, the power supply apparatus 10 serving as a heating energy source;
a three-phase alternating current motor 12, wherein three-phase coils of the three-phase alternating current motor 12 are connected with a three-phase bridge arm of a three-phase inverter 11;
and the control module 13 is used for acquiring a rotor angle signal of the three-phase alternating current motor 12, selecting a target switching state of the three-phase inverter 11 according to a preset motor type and the rotor angle signal when the parking state of the vehicle detects that the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, and controlling the three-phase inverter 11 to electrify and heat a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor 12 according to heating energy provided by the power supply equipment 10 in the target switching state, so that the three-phase alternating current motor 12 and/or the three-phase inverter 11 heat cooling liquid flowing through the power battery.
The power supply device 10 may be implemented by an external power supply device such as a charging pile, or may be a power battery itself, that is, the heating energy provided by the power supply device 10 may be output by the power battery, may also be output by a dc charger, or output by an ac charger after rectification, and is not limited herein; the three-phase inverter 11 comprises six power switch units, wherein the power switch units can be transistor, IGBT, MOS tube and other device types, two power switch units form a phase bridge arm and form a three-phase bridge arm together, and the connection point of the two power switch units in each phase bridge arm is connected with a phase coil in the three-phase alternating current motor 12; the three-phase alternating current motor 12 comprises three-phase coils, the three-phase coils are connected to a middle point, and the three-phase alternating current motor 12 can be a permanent magnet synchronous motor or an asynchronous motor; the rotor angle signal of the three-phase ac motor 12 acquired by the control module 13 is an included angle between a rotor magnetic field of the three-phase ac motor 12 and a phase axis of the stator a, and may be fed back to the control module 13 after being acquired by an angle sensor, or may be calculated by the control module 13 according to a current of the three-phase ac motor, and no specific limitation is made herein; in addition, control module 13 CAN gather power battery's voltage, the electric current, the temperature, the phase current of three-phase alternating current motor 12, control module 13 CAN include vehicle control unit, motor controller's control circuit and BMS battery manager circuit, the three passes through the CAN line connection, different modules in control module 13 control switching on and off of power switch in the three-phase inverter 11 according to the information control that obtains in order to realize switching on of different current return circuits, in addition, be equipped with the coolant pipe on power battery, three-phase inverter 11 and three-phase alternating current motor 12, the coolant liquid flows in this coolant pipe, CAN carry out temperature regulation through the coolant liquid to in the coolant pipe, with the temperature of adjusting power battery.
Wherein, because of the inherent characteristics of the battery, the charge and discharge capacity of the power battery is greatly reduced in the low temperature state, which may affect the use of the new energy automobile in the cold region, in order to make the power battery work normally, the temperature of the power battery needs to be raised when the temperature of the power battery is too low, therefore, the temperature of the power battery is obtained through the control module 13, the temperature of the power battery can be obtained through the battery manager, the temperature of the power battery is compared with the preset temperature value to judge whether the power battery is in the low temperature state, when the temperature of the power battery is detected to be lower than the preset temperature value, the temperature of the power battery can be raised by raising the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing through the power battery, because the three-phase inverter 11 and the three-phase alternating current motor 12 both generate heat in the working process, therefore, the three-phase inverter 11 and/or the three-phase alternating current motor 12 can be controlled to heat the cooling liquid flowing through the power battery, the coolant may be heated by controlling the three-phase inverter 11 to operate according to a selected target switching state, and energizing the three-phase inverter 11 to heat the three-phase coil of the three-phase ac motor 12 in the target switching state, and stopping heating when the temperature of the power battery is detected to reach a preset temperature value.
In the embodiment, the three-phase inverter is controlled to work according to the selected target switching state, so that the three-phase inverter provides a heat source for the three-phase coil inside the three-phase alternating-current motor in the target switching state, the cooling liquid is heated and then the power battery is heated through the cooling loop, the temperature of the power battery can be increased without using an engine or adding a heating device, the heating efficiency is high, and the temperature of the power battery is increased quickly; in addition, in the heating process of the power battery, the three-phase inverter is controlled to work according to the selected target switching state, so that the torque generated by the motor is small, and meanwhile, the torque of continuous rotation cannot be generated, and the vehicle cannot run by itself during heating.
As another implementation manner, as shown in fig. 2, the battery heating apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a switch module, the switch module is used for connecting the power supply device 10 to the three-phase inverter 11, and the switch module is connected to the control module 13, the control module 13 controls the switch module to be turned on when detecting that the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, and controls the switch module to be turned off when detecting that the temperature of the power battery is higher than the preset temperature value.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the switch module (not shown in the figure) includes a first switch unit 141 and a second switch unit 142, the power supply device 10 (not shown in the figure) includes an external power supply device 101 and a power battery 102, the first switch unit 141 is connected to the external power supply device 101, and the second switch unit 142 is connected to the power battery 102.
Specifically, when the power supply device 10 is the external power supply device 101 and the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, the control module 13 controls the first switch unit 141 to be turned on and the second switch unit 142 to be turned off, so that the external power supply device 101 provides heating energy;
when the power supply device 10 is the power battery 102 and the temperature of the power battery is lower than the preset temperature value, the control module 13 controls the second switch unit 142 to be turned on, and the first switch unit 141 to be turned off, so that the power battery provides heating energy.
Further, as an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 3, the first switching unit 141 includes a first switching element K1 and a second switching element K2, a first end of the first switching element K1 is connected to the positive electrode of the external power supply apparatus 101, a first end of the second switching element K2 is connected to the negative electrode of the external power supply apparatus 101, a second end of the first switching element K1 is connected to the positive terminal of the three-phase inverter 11, and a second end of the second switching element K2 is connected to the negative terminal of the three-phase inverter 11.
Further, as an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 3, the second switching unit 142 includes a third switching element K3 and a fourth switching element K4, a second end of the third switching element K3 is connected to the positive electrode of the power battery 102, a second end of the fourth switching element K4 is connected to the negative electrode of the power battery 102, a first end of the third switching element K3 is connected to the positive terminal of the three-phase inverter 11, and a second end of the fourth switching element K4 is connected to the negative terminal of the three-phase inverter 11.
In a vehicle parking state, when the control module 13 detects that the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset threshold value, the control module 13 controls the first switching element K1 and the second switching element K2 to be conducted, or controls the third switching element K3 and the fourth switching element K4 to be conducted, and controls the three-phase inverter 11 to work according to a target switching state, so that the three-phase inverter 11 is used for electrifying the three-phase alternating-current motor 12, the three-phase alternating-current motor 12 generates heat with the three-phase inverter 11 after being electrified, and the coolant is used for heating the power battery through a power battery loop; when the vehicle is in a driving state, the control module 13 controls the third switching element K3 and the fourth switching element K4 to be turned on, and controls the three-phase inverter 11 to operate in a motor driving mode to drive the three-phase alternating current motor 12; when the power battery 102 is charged, the control module 13 controls the first switch element K1, the second switch element K2, the third switch element K3 and the fourth switch element K4 to be turned on, so that the external charging device 101 charges the power battery 102 through the turned-on switch elements.
In the present embodiment, the power battery charging apparatus is provided with the switch module 14, and the control module 13 controls the switching state of the switch module 14, so that the switch module 14, the three-phase inverter 11, and the three-phase ac motor 12 are heated only when the power battery needs to be heated, thereby preventing energy from being wasted.
Further, as an embodiment, before controlling the three-phase inverter 11 and the three-phase ac motor 12 to heat the coolant flowing through the power battery, the control module 13 needs to determine whether the received information meets a preset condition, where the preset condition may include, in addition to the determination of the temperature value of the power battery, other determination conditions:
the control module 13 acquires gear information, vehicle speed information and temperature information of the power battery;
the control module 13 acquires the current working state of the motor according to the gear information and the vehicle speed information, and selects a target switching state of the three-phase inverter 11 according to the motor type and the rotor angle signal when the current working state of the motor is a P-gear parking non-driving state and the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, so that the three-phase inverter 11 energizes and heats a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor 12 according to heating energy in the target switching state, the three-phase alternating current motor 12 heats cooling liquid flowing through the power battery together with the three-phase alternating current motor 11 after being energized and heated, and the control module 13 controls the switching module 14 to be turned off until the current working state is detected as the driving state or the temperature of the power battery is not lower than the preset temperature value;
when the control module 13 determines that the temperature of the power battery is lower than the preset temperature value, the gear information, the vehicle speed information and the temperature information of the power battery are obtained again.
During specific implementation, the control module 13 specifically performs the following steps when obtaining the current working state of the motor according to the gear information and the vehicle speed information: when the control module 13 determines that the current gear is the P gear and the vehicle speed is 0, the current working state of the motor is a non-driving state; when the control module 13 determines that the current gear is not the P gear or the vehicle speed is not zero, the current working state of the motor is a driving state; it should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the two determination conditions of the operating state of the motor and the temperature of the power battery are not in sequence.
When the preset conditions are that the current gear is P gear, the vehicle speed is 0 and the temperature of the power battery does not reach a preset temperature value, namely the temperature of the power battery is detected to be low when the vehicle is in a parking state, the three-phase inverter 11 and the three-phase alternating current motor 12 are used for heating cooling liquid flowing through the power battery, and when one of the current gear, the vehicle speed and the temperature of the power battery does not meet the preset condition in a circulating detection process in the heating process, the heating is stopped, and all switches are controlled to be switched off.
In the embodiment, when the detected gear information, the vehicle speed information and the temperature information of the power battery meet the preset conditions in the parking state, the power supply equipment is controlled to output current, and the cooling liquid flowing through the power battery is heated through the three-phase inverter and the three-phase alternating current motor, so that the power battery is heated in the parking state of the vehicle, and the vehicle can be normally started in the low-temperature condition.
Further, as an embodiment, the three-phase inverter 11 may be controlled in the following manner: the control module 13 outputs a PWM control signal to the three-phase inverter 11, so that the three-phase inverter 11 operates in a target switching state, obtains an output power of the power supply device, compares the output power with a preset heating power, and adjusts a duty ratio of the PWM control signal according to a comparison result to adjust the output power to the preset heating power.
The control module 13 receives voltage and current data output by the power supply device, calculates output power of the power battery, regards the output power as battery heating power, compares the calculated heating power with preset heating power, increases PWM duty ratio and increases output current of the power battery if the calculated heating power is low, and decreases the PWM duty ratio and decreases output current of the power battery if the calculated heating power is high until the heating power reaches the vicinity of heating instruction power; it should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the control module 13 is further configured to obtain the temperature of the motor, and control the heating power not to increase when the temperature of the motor reaches the limit value.
In the present embodiment, the output power of the power supply device is obtained and compared with the preset heating power, and then the duty ratio of the PWM control signal of the three-phase inverter 11 is adjusted and controlled according to the comparison result, so that the heating power is controllable in a closed loop.
Further, when the three-phase inverter 11 is implemented, as shown in fig. 3, the three-phase inverter 11 includes a first power switch unit, a second power switch unit, a third power switch unit, a fourth power switch unit, a fifth power switch, and a sixth power switch. The control end of each power switch unit is connected to the control module 13 (not shown in the figure), the first ends of the first power switch unit, the third power switch unit and the fifth power switch unit are connected together to form a positive end of the three-phase inverter 11, the second ends of the second power switch unit, the fourth power switch unit and the sixth power switch unit are connected together to form a negative end of the three-phase inverter 11, the first phase coil of the three-phase ac motor 12 is connected to the second end of the first power switch unit and the first end of the fourth power switch unit, the second phase coil of the three-phase ac motor 12 is connected to the second end of the third power switch unit and the first end of the sixth power switch unit, and the third phase coil of the three-phase ac motor 12 is connected to the second end of the fifth power switch unit and the first end of the second power switch unit. That is, the control terminal of each power switch unit is connected to the control module 13 (not shown in the figure), the first terminals of the first power switch unit, the third power switch unit and the fifth power switch unit are connected in common and connected to the first switch element K1, the second terminals of the second power switch unit, the fourth power switch unit and the sixth power switch unit are connected in common and connected to the second switch element K2, the first phase coil of the three-phase ac motor 12 is connected to the second terminal of the first power switch unit and the first terminal of the fourth power switch unit, the second phase coil of the three-phase ac motor 12 is connected to the second terminal of the third power switch unit and the first terminal of the sixth power switch unit, and the third phase coil of the three-phase ac motor 12 is connected to the second terminal of the fifth power switch unit and the first terminal of the second power switch unit.
The first power switch unit and the fourth power switch unit in the three-phase inverter 11 form a first phase arm (a phase arm), the third power switch unit and the sixth power switch unit form a second phase arm (B phase arm), the input end of the fifth power switch unit and the second power switch unit form a third phase arm (C phase arm), and the control mode of the three-phase inverter 11 may be as follows:
dividing the switching state of the three-phase inverter 11 into twelve switching states, when the control module 13 controls the switching state of the three-phase inverter 11, firstly determining the interval of the position of the motor rotor according to the obtained rotor angle signal, and then selecting the optimal switching state of the three-phase inverter 11, namely a target switching state, from the twelve switching states according to the interval of the position of the motor rotor and the type of the motor; it should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the section where the rotor of the motor is located is also divided into twelve sections, and each section corresponds to one or more switching states of the three-phase inverter.
In the embodiment, the section where the rotor position of the motor is located is determined according to the rotor angle signal, and then the optimal switching state of the three-phase inverter is selected according to the section where the rotor position of the motor is located and the type of the motor, so that the torque of the motor is small, the motor cannot generate continuously rotating torque, and the vehicle cannot run by itself during heating.
Further, the twelve operating states of the three-phase inverter 11 include: the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating current motor 12 by the first phase leg, and the current output from the three-phase alternating current motor 12 is output to the first state of the heating energy source by the second phase leg and the third phase leg, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating current motor 12 by the first phase leg, and the current output from the three-phase alternating current motor 12 is output to the second state of the heating energy source by the third phase leg, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating current motor 12 by the first phase leg and the second phase leg, and the current output from the three-phase alternating current motor 12 is output to the third state of the heating energy source by the third phase leg, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating current motor 12 by the second phase leg, and the current output from the three-phase alternating current motor 12 is output to the fourth state of the heating energy source by the third phase leg, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating current motor 12 by the second phase leg, and the first phase leg and the third phase leg output the current output from the three-phase alternating current motor 12 to the fifth state of the heating energy source, the second phase leg inputs the heating energy to the three-phase alternating current motor 12, and the first phase leg outputs the current output from the three-phase alternating current motor 12 to the sixth state of the heating energy source, the second phase leg and the third phase leg inputs the heating energy to the three-phase alternating current motor 12, and the first phase leg outputs the current output from the three-phase alternating current motor 12 to the seventh state of the heating energy source, the third phase leg inputs the heating energy to the three-phase alternating current motor 12, and the first phase leg outputs the current output from the three-phase alternating current motor 12 to the eighth state of the heating energy source, the third phase leg inputs the heating energy to the three-phase alternating current motor 12, and the first phase leg and the second phase leg output the current output from the three-phase alternating current motor 12 to the ninth state of the heating energy source, The heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating current motor 12 by the third phase arm, and the second phase arm outputs the current output by the three-phase alternating current motor 12 to the tenth state of the heating energy source, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating current motor 12 by the first phase arm and the third phase arm, and the second phase arm outputs the current output by the three-phase alternating current motor 12 to the eleventh state of the heating energy source, and the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating current motor 12 by the first phase arm, and the second phase arm outputs the current output by the three-phase alternating current motor 12 to the twelfth state of the heating energy source.
Specifically, twelve switching states of the three-phase inverter 11 and three-phase currents of the three-phase inverter 11 in each switching state are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0001916291440000111
further, as shown in fig. 4, the connection method of the three-phase ac motor winding ABC in the battery heating apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is a counterclockwise Y-connection method, and the rotor in the three-phase ac motor may be a winding type or a permanent magnet type, where the permanent magnet type is taken as an example in the present embodiment to describe the switching states of the six power units of the three-phase inverter 11.
Specifically, in combination with the upper table and fig. 4, the direction of current flowing into the motor winding is a positive direction, the direction of current flowing out is a negative direction, twelve switching states of the three-phase inverter 11 and the distribution direction of the motor stator magnetic field are shown in fig. 4, for example, a → BC, it indicates that complementary symmetric PWM signals are input to the upper and lower bridges of the a-phase to control the on-off of the power units of the upper and lower bridges, that is, the power units of the upper bridge are on, the power units of the lower bridge are off, the power units of the upper bridge are off all the time for the B, C two phases, the power units of the lower bridge are on all the time, it indicates that current flows in from the winding of the a-phase and flows out from the two phases of B, C, and at this time, if the phase current of the a-phase is Ic, the phase current of B, C is one-year current
Figure BDA0001916291440000121
Ic, and A, B, C are all dc currents, and the magnetic field of the stator of the motor is coincident with the axis of phase a and along the positive direction of the axis of phase a, as shown by the arrow with number 1 in fig. 4, and the rotor of the motor is subjected to an electromagnetic force which is coincident with the axis of phase a.
For example, BC → a shows that B, C two-phase upper and lower bridge inputs the same complementary and symmetrical PWM signals to control the on and off of the upper and lower bridge power units, while the a-phase upper bridge power unit is always turned off, the lower bridge power unit is always turned on, the current flows in from the B, C phase winding and flows out from the a phase winding, at this time, the B, C two-phase current is
Figure BDA0001916291440000122
Ic, phase a current is-Ic, and A, B, C phases are all dc currents, the magnetic field of the stator of the motor is coincident with and in the opposite direction of the phase a axis, as shown by the arrow labeled 7 in fig. 4, and the rotor of the motor is subjected to an electromagnetic force which is coincident with and in the opposite direction of the phase a axis, and the electromagnetic force is opposite to that in the a → BC state.
For example, as shown in a → B, the upper and lower bridges of phase a input complementary and symmetric PWM signals to control the on-off of the power units of the upper and lower bridges, while phase B is that the power units of the upper bridge are always off, the power units of the lower bridge are always on, which means that current flows in from the winding of phase a and flows out from phase B, at this time, the phase a current is Ic, the phase B current is-Ic, the switching tubes of the upper and lower bridges of phase C are all off, the current is 0, and the phase A, B is direct current, at this time, the magnetic field of the stator of the motor and the axis of phase a are deflected clockwise by 30 ° in electrical angle, as shown in the arrow direction with number 12 in fig. 4, and the rotor of the motor is subjected to an electromagnetic force to be coincident with the magnetic field. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, only three switching states, i.e., a → BC, B → AC and a → B, are taken as examples to exemplarily describe twelve switching states of the three-phase inverter 11, and the specific operation manners of the other nine switching states may be described in relation to the three switching states, i.e., a → BC, B → AC and a → B, and are not described herein again.
As can be seen from the above analysis of the twelve switching states of the three-phase inverter 11, the 360 ° electrical angle of the motor rotor is divided into 12 equal parts by the 12 magnetic field directions, each of the 12 equal parts is 30 ° electrical angle, that is, the 12 magnetic field directions divide the position of the motor rotor into 12 intervals, and now the determination of the position interval of the motor rotor according to the rotor angle signal will be specifically described as follows:
assuming that the motor is a pair-pole motor, the electrical angle is positive counterclockwise, and the a-phase axis (or magnetic field) is a reference zero angle position, that is, the magnetic field direction indicated by reference number 1 in fig. 4 is a reference zero angle, and assuming that the angle when the magnetic field of the motor rotor and the a-phase axis coincide is measured by the angle sensor in advance is θ0Reading the rotor magnetic field position angle of the angle sensor before the motor is electrified and heatedθ1Then, the control module 13 may calculate the interval where the rotor position of the motor is located according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0001916291440000131
wherein fmod is a remainder function and fix is an integer function; theta0The angle value is the angle value of the coincidence of the electronic rotor magnetic field and the phase axis of the stator A, which is measured in advance by an angle sensor; theta1The rotor magnetic field position angle value is measured by an angle sensor before the motor is electrified and heated; delta theta0Is theta1And theta0The angle difference value of the motor rotor and the angle value obtained after the 360-degree electrical angle of the motor rotor is left; n is a radical of0The sequence number of the interval where the position of the motor rotor is obtained through calculation; n is a radical of1Is and N0The sequence numbers of the intervals of the motor rotor positions with the reverse phase difference of 180 degrees; n is a radical of2Is and N0And the interval serial number of the motor rotor position with 180-degree electrical angle difference in the opposite direction of + 1.
In the embodiment, the section where the rotor position is located is determined according to the rotor angle signal, so that when the control module controls the three-phase inverter, the target switching state of the three-phase inverter can be effectively determined according to the section where the rotor position is located, and further when the three-phase inverter is controlled to heat the power battery according to the target switching state of the three-phase inverter, the torque of the motor is small, the motor cannot generate continuously rotating torque, and the vehicle cannot run by itself during heating is ensured.
Further, after obtaining the motor rotor position interval according to the above formula (1), the control module 13 obtains the Δ θ0Obtaining the rotor magnetic field distance N for the value after 30 DEG surplus0Angle value delta theta of interval number magnetic field direction1And according to the angle value Delta theta1The target switching state is selected among twelve switching states corresponding to the motor rotor type.
Specifically, the control module 13 operates according to the equation Δ θ1＝fmod(Δθ030 deg. rotor field distance N0Angle value delta theta of interval number magnetic field direction1And according to the angle valueΔθ1The target switching state is selected among twelve switching states corresponding to the motor rotor type.
In the present embodiment, since the motor rotor position is divided into 12 equal parts according to the 360 ° electrical angle of the motor rotor, and each section is divided into 30 ° electrical angles, the twelve switching states are divided according to Δ θ0When the value after 30 degrees is left and the motor type select the target switching state in twelve switching states of the three-phase inverter, the selection accuracy of the target switching state can be effectively ensured.
Further, when the motor type is a non-salient pole motor and the angle value Δ θ1When the angle is less than 15 degrees, the control module 13 selects the switch state serial number and the N in the twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter 110Or N1A corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a non-salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the angle is larger than 15 degrees, the control module 13 selects the switch state serial number and the N in the twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter 110+1 or N2A corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a non-salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1At 15 °, the control module 13 selects the switch state numbers and N among the twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter 110、N1、N0+1 or N2Any corresponding switch state.
Further, when the motor type is a salient pole motor and the angle value Δ θ1When the angle is less than 15 degrees, the control module 13 selects the switch state serial number and the N in the twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter 110A corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the angle is larger than 15 degrees, the control module 13 selects the switch state serial number and the N in the twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter 110+1 corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the angle is equal to 15 degrees, the control module selects the switch state serial number and the N in twelve switch states of the 13 three-phase inverter 110Or N0+1 corresponds to the switch state.
The above process is specifically described below by way of specific examples, which are detailed below:
for a non-salient pole type permanent magnet motor, when the direct axis inductance Ld is equal to the quadrature axis inductance Lq, the electromagnetic torque formula of the non-salient pole type permanent magnet motor is as follows:
Figure BDA0001916291440000151
wherein P is the motor pole pair number psifIs the rotor flux linkage, ISThe space current vector synthesized by three-phase currents of the stator is consistent with the direction of a magnetic field of the stator, and thetaeIs the magnetic field of the motor rotor and the stator current IS(or stator field). From the above electromagnetic torque equation (2), when θ iseWhen the angle is 90 °, the torque value is maximum. After the motor shaft is locked by the parking function of the P gear, if the position of the motor rotor is just stopped in an interval of 11-12 at the moment, because each interval angle is 30 degrees, the middle angle of 15 degrees of each interval is taken as a middle line, and the maximum electromagnetic torque generated by the rotor and the stator magnetic fields with the serial numbers of 11, 12, 5 and 6 when the rotor is positioned at the middle line of 15 degrees is the maximum
Figure BDA0001916291440000152
It can be seen that the torque at this time is about the theoretical maximum torque
Figure BDA0001916291440000153
And the torque generated by the stator magnetic field and the rotor magnetic field in a pair of opposite directions with the 180 DEG difference between the stator magnetic fields is the same, the stator magnetic field can be selected to be 11 or 12, that is, the switching state of the three-phase inverter 11 is optimally selected to be AC → B or A → B, or the switching state B → AC or B → A of the opposite magnetic field numbers 5 or 6, while the included angle between the rotor and the stator magnetic field is more than 15 DEG when the other switching state is selected, the generated torque is more than the above torque, and the switching state torque selected to be A → B or B → A is the smallest when the motor rotor position is between the middle lines of numbers 12 and 15 DEG, and the switching state torque selected to be AC → B or B → AC is the smallest when the motor rotor position is between the middle line of numbers 12 and 11.
In addition, for the salient pole type permanent magnet motor, because the direct axis inductance Ld is smaller than the quadrature axis inductance Lq, the electromagnetic torque formula of the salient pole type permanent magnet motor is as follows:
Figure BDA0001916291440000154
the meaning of each parameter in the formula (3) can refer to the related description of the formula (2), and is not described again here; from the above electromagnetic torque equation (4), when θ ise<When the angle is 90 degrees, the generated torque is slightly smaller than the torque generated by the non-salient pole motor under the same angle, and when theta is equal to thetae>The torque at 90 ° reaches a maximum value only at an angle, so when the rotor is at the 11-12 sequence number magnetic field middle line, the switching state of the three-phase inverter is optimally selected to be AC → B or a → B, and the opposite direction magnetic field sequence number 5 or 6 of 11 or 12 cannot be selected because they produce a torque slightly larger than that of 11 or 12, and when the motor rotor position is between sequence numbers 12 and 15 °, the switching state torque of a → B is minimal, and at this time its opposite direction magnetic field sequence number 6 cannot be selected because it produces a torque slightly larger than that of 12, and when the motor rotor position is between 15 ° middle line and sequence number 11, the switching state torque of AC → B is minimal, and at this time its opposite direction magnetic field sequence number 5 cannot be selected because it produces a torque slightly larger than that of 11, and when the rotor is in other intervals the switching state selection is similar to above, and will not be described in detail herein.
It is noted that, for the wound rotor, since the rotor has no magnetic field, the constant magnetic field generated by the stator winding will not cause the rotor to be subjected to electromagnetic force, and the rotor will not rotate, and the stator switch state can be any one of 12 states.
Because the motor is electrified by blindly or fixedly selecting a switching state, the torque of the motor can be very large and even reach the theoretical maximum value, and the excessive torque has great influence on the mechanical stress and the fatigue life of the P-gear lock, in the embodiment, the torque can be minimum by selecting the optimal switching state of the three-phase inverter according to the section where the rotor of the motor is located, the magnetic field of the stator is fixed in one direction, a rotating magnetic field cannot be generated, and continuous rotating electromagnetic torque is not generated, so that even if the motor shaft is not locked by the parking function of the P-gear, the rotor of the motor can only rotate to the magnetic field number which is most adjacent to the rotor of the motor and stop rotating, and because the magnetic field of the stator and the magnetic field of the rotor coincide at the moment, the motor has no torque output, and the electric vehicle can not be started by itself because the motor is electrified and heated.
The following describes the technical solution of the present disclosure with a specific circuit configuration (the present example describes the three-phase inverter 11 operating in the first switching state, i.e., a → BC):
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an example of the power battery heating apparatus of the present disclosure, in which only power supply devices (power batteries and external power supply devices), switch modules, a three-phase inverter, and a three-phase ac motor are considered for convenience of description, the upper diagram omits other electrical devices, the first power switch unit in the three-phase inverter 11 includes a first upper bridge arm VT1 and a first upper bridge diode VD1, the second power switch unit includes a second lower bridge arm VT2 and a second lower bridge diode VD2, the third power switch unit includes a third upper bridge arm VT3 and a third upper bridge diode VD3, the fourth power switch unit includes a fourth lower bridge arm VT4 and a fourth lower bridge diode VD4, the fifth power switch unit includes a fifth upper bridge arm VT5 and a fifth upper bridge diode VD5, the sixth power switch unit includes a sixth lower bridge arm VT6 and a sixth lower bridge diode VD6, the three-phase ac motor 12 may be a permanent magnet synchronous motor or an asynchronous motor, in a specific implementation, when a power battery needs to be heated, and in order to heat the power battery, assuming that a target switching state of operation of the three-phase inverter 11 is an a → BC switching state, the control module specifically includes:
step 1, when the whole vehicle is powered on, the whole vehicle controller receives gear information, a vehicle speed signal and a temperature signal of a power battery sent by a battery manager.
And 2, detecting whether the current gear is in the P gear and the vehicle speed is zero by the vehicle control unit.
And 3, if not, exiting the motor heating program.
And 4, if so, judging whether the temperature of the power battery is lower than a set threshold value.
And 5, if not, exiting the motor heating program.
And 6, if so, the vehicle control unit sends a battery heating instruction and heating power to the battery manager and the motor controller.
Step 7, the battery manager controls the switches K1 and K2 to be closed;
step 8, the motor controller control circuit controls the a-phase upper bridge power switch (the first upper bridge arm VT1) of the three-phase inverter 11 to be turned on, the a-phase lower bridge power switch (the fourth lower bridge arm VT4) to be turned off, the B, C-phase upper bridge power switch (the third upper bridge arm VT3 and the fifth upper bridge arm VT5) to be always turned off in the current switching state, the B, C-phase lower bridge power switch (the second lower bridge arm VT2 and the sixth lower bridge arm VT6) to be always turned on in the current switching state, at this time, the external power supply device 101 discharges, the current passes through the positive electrode of the external power supply device 101, the VT1, the a-phase upper bridge power switch VT1 of the three-phase inverter 11, the a-phase coil of the three-phase ac motor 12, the B, C-phase coil of the three-phase ac motor 12, and then passes through the B, C-phase lower bridge power switches 6 and 2 of the three-phase inverter 11, and the switch K2 to the negative electrode of the external power supply device 101 during the PWM cycle on period, forming an inductive energy storage loop, as shown in fig. 5;
step 9, the motor controller control circuit controls the a-phase upper bridge power switch (the first upper bridge arm VT1) of the three-phase inverter 11 to be continuously in the on state, the a-phase lower bridge power switch (the fourth lower bridge arm VT4) to be continuously in the off state, the B, C-phase upper bridge power switch (the third upper bridge arm VT3 and the fifth upper bridge arm VT5) to be continuously off in the current switching state, the B, C-phase lower bridge power switch (the second lower bridge arm VT2 and the sixth lower bridge arm VT6) to be also continuously off in the current switching state, at this time, the discharging path of the external power supply device 101 is turned off, the a-phase coil current forms a follow current through the upper bridge power unit VT1, the current passes through the a-phase coil, the B, C-phase coil of the three-phase ac motor 12, passes through the B, C-phase VD3 and the VD5 of the three-phase inverter 11, and then reaches the a-phase upper bridge power unit 1 to form an inductive current follow current loop, as shown in fig. 6;
step 10, a motor controller receives battery voltage and current data, calculates output power, regards the output power as battery heating power, compares the calculated heating power with heating instruction power sent by a battery manager, increases PWM duty ratio and increases battery output current if the calculated heating power is low, decreases PWM duty ratio and decreases battery output current if the calculated heating power is high until the heating power reaches the vicinity of the heating instruction power;
step 11, circularly detecting the gear, the vehicle speed and the temperature of the power battery by the vehicle controller, repeating the step 8-10 when the conditions are met, and quitting the heating program when the conditions are not met;
and step 12, if the heating condition is not met, exiting the heating program, completely turning off the upper bridge and the lower bridge of the three-phase inverter, and turning off the control switches K1 and K2 of the battery manager.
It should be noted that the above-described power battery heating process is specifically described for the battery heating device by discharging and heating the battery by the external power supply device 101, and the specific process of discharging and heating the power battery 102 itself may refer to the above description, and is not described herein again.
In the embodiment, by adopting the power battery heating device comprising the three-phase inverter, the three-phase alternating current motor and the control module, the control module acquires a rotor angle signal of the three-phase alternating current motor, selects a target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to the motor type and the rotor angle signal when the parking state of the vehicle detects that the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, controls the three-phase inverter to electrify and heat a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor according to power supply equipment in the target switching state, so that the three-phase alternating current motor and/or the three-phase inverter heat cooling liquid flowing through the power battery after being electrified and heated, the temperature of the power battery can be increased without using an engine or adding a heating device during heating, the heating efficiency is high, the temperature of the power battery is increased quickly, the torque generated by the motor is small, and, And meanwhile, the continuous rotating torque is not generated, so that the vehicle is ensured not to run by itself when being heated.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, the present invention also provides a power battery heating method, which is applied to the power battery heating apparatus shown in fig. 1 to 6. Specifically, the power battery heating method comprises the following steps:
step S71: and acquiring a rotor angle signal of the three-phase alternating current motor.
Step S72: and when the parking state of the vehicle detects that the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, selecting a target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to a preset motor type and the rotor angle signal.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the three-phase inverter has twelve switching states, and the selecting the target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to the preset motor type and the rotor angle signal in step S72 specifically includes:
determining the interval of the motor rotor position according to the rotor angle signal, and selecting the target switch state from the twelve switch states according to the interval of the motor rotor position and the motor type; the motor rotor position range has twelve range states, and the twelve range states of the motor rotor position range correspond to the twelve switching states of the three-phase inverter.
Further, the rotor angle signal is an included angle between a rotor magnetic field and an a-phase axis of the stator, the a-phase axis is used as a reference angle position, and determining a section where the rotor position of the motor is located according to the rotor angle signal includes:
according to the formula
Figure BDA0001916291440000191
Determining the interval of the motor rotor position; wherein fmod is a remainder function and fix is an integer function; theta0The angle value is the angle value of the motor rotor magnetic field and the stator A phase axis which are measured in advance by the angle sensor when the motor rotor magnetic field and the stator A phase axis coincide; theta1Before the motor is electrified and heated, the angle is changedThe position and angle values of the rotor magnetic field are measured by the sensor; delta theta0Is theta1And theta0The angle difference value of the motor rotor and the angle value obtained after the 360-degree electrical angle of the motor rotor is left; n is a radical of0The sequence number of the interval where the position of the motor rotor is obtained through calculation; n is a radical of1Is and N0The sequence numbers of the intervals of the motor rotor positions with the reverse phase difference of 180 degrees; n is a radical of2Is and N0And the interval serial number of the motor rotor position with 180-degree electrical angle difference in the opposite direction of + 1.
Further, selecting the target switching state from the twelve switching states according to the section of the motor rotor position and the motor type comprises:
according to the delta theta0Obtaining the rotor magnetic field distance N for the value after 30 DEG surplus0Angle value delta theta of interval number magnetic field direction1And according to said angle value Delta theta1And the motor type selects the target switching state among the twelve switching states.
Further, according to the angle value delta theta1Selecting the target switch state among the twelve switch states with the motor type includes:
when the motor type is a non-salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the selected switch states is less than 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch states to be N in twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0Or N1A corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a non-salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the selected switch states is larger than 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch state to be N in twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0+1 or N2A corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a non-salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the switch states is equal to 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch state to be N from twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0、N1、N0+1 or N2Any corresponding switch state.
Further, according to the angle value delta theta1In the twelve switching states with the motor typeWherein selecting the target switch state comprises:
when the motor type is a salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the selected switch states is less than 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch states to be N in twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0A corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the selected switch states is larger than 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch state to be N in twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0+1 corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the switch states is equal to 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch state to be N from twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0Or N0+1 corresponds to the switch state.
Step S73: and controlling the three-phase inverter to electrify and heat a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor according to the heating energy provided by the power supply equipment in the target switching state, so that the three-phase alternating current motor and/or the three-phase inverter heat the cooling liquid flowing through the power battery.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, since the power battery heating method is implemented based on the power battery heating device shown in fig. 1 and fig. 6, specific principle processes of the power battery heating method can be described with reference to fig. 1 to fig. 6, and are not described again here.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a vehicle, where the vehicle further includes a power battery heating device provided in the above embodiment, the vehicle further includes a power battery, a coolant tank, a water pump, and a water line, the water pump inputs coolant in the coolant tank to the water line according to a control signal, and the water line passes through the power battery and the power battery heating device.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the vehicle includes: the system comprises at least one three-phase alternating current motor (two are taken as examples in the figure) and a motor rotor angle sensor, at least one motor controller (two are taken as examples in the figure), at least one power battery, a cooling liquid tank, a water pump, a battery manager, a vehicle control unit, an optional charger (external power supply equipment) and necessary cooling liquid pipelines. The motor controller is connected with the three-phase alternating current motor and the angle sensor, the positive and negative electrodes of the power battery are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the motor controller, the power battery is further connected with a battery manager, the optional charger is connected with the power battery and the motor controller, and the battery manager and the motor controller are communicated with the whole vehicle controller through a CAN (controller area network) line. The motor controller is used for controlling the upper and lower bridge power switches of the three-phase inverter and acquiring three-phase current and angle sensor information theta, and the whole vehicle controller is used for managing the operation of a whole vehicle and other controller devices on the vehicle. The water pump pumps the cooling liquid out of the cooling liquid tank and conveys the cooling liquid to a first three-phase alternating current motor through a water pipeline, the output of the first three-phase alternating current motor is connected to a first motor controller, the output of the first motor controller is connected to a second three-phase alternating current motor, the output of the second three-phase alternating current motor is connected to a second motor controller, the output of the second motor controller is connected to the input of a power battery, and the output of the power battery is connected back to the cooling liquid tank to form a heating circulation loop, so that the heating of the power battery is realized.
Further, referring to fig. 1, fig. 3 and fig. 8, the detailed working flow steps of the battery heating apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure are as follows:
step 1, when a whole vehicle is powered on, a whole vehicle controller receives gear information, a vehicle speed signal and a power battery temperature signal sent by a battery manager;
step 2, detecting whether the current gear is in a P gear and whether the vehicle speed is zero by the vehicle control unit;
step 3, if not, exiting the motor heating program;
step 4, if yes, judging whether the temperature of the power battery is lower than a set threshold value;
step 5, if not, exiting the motor heating program;
step 6, if yes, the vehicle control unit sends a battery heating instruction and heating power to the battery manager and the motor controller;
step 7, at this time, the battery manager controls the switches K1 and K2 to be switched on, the third switch element K3 and the fourth switch element K4 to be switched on or off, the motor controller acquires a signal theta of an angle sensor in the motor to judge a position section where the motor rotor is located, selects a power switch corresponding to twelve state switching of the three-phase inverter to be switched on a winding in a corresponding sequence according to the section where the motor rotor is located, controls an upper power switch and a lower power switch of the three-phase inverter to be switched on to the three-phase alternating current motor through 6 paths of PWM, so that the motor and the motor controller generate heat, thereby heating cooling liquid in a cooling loop pipeline of the motor and the motor controller, the cooling liquid flows into a power battery loop to heat a battery cell in the power battery, the motor controller acquires bus voltage and three-phase current, the battery manager acquires battery voltage and current, calculates output power, and performs closed-loop control on heating power, the three-phase inverter ensures that the heating power is gradually reduced along with the rise of the temperature of the motor through PWM duty ratio control, so that the heating power is controlled within the precision range of the set power;
step 8, circularly detecting the gear, the vehicle speed and the temperature of the power battery by the vehicle control unit, entering a heating program if the conditions are met, and exiting the heating program if the conditions are not met;
and 9, if the heating condition is not met, exiting the heating program, completely switching off the upper bridge and the lower bridge of the three-phase inverter, and switching off the control switches K1 and K2 of the battery manager.
It should be noted that, in the above-described power battery heating process, the battery heating device is specifically described by discharging and heating the battery by the external power supply device, and the specific process of discharging and heating the power battery itself may refer to the above description, and is not described herein again.
The invention provides a vehicle, which adopts a power battery heating device comprising a three-phase inverter, a three-phase alternating current motor and a control module, so that the control module acquires a rotor angle signal of the three-phase alternating current motor, selects a target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to the type of the motor and the rotor angle signal when the temperature of the power battery is detected to be lower than a preset temperature value in a parking state of the vehicle, controls the three-phase inverter to electrify and heat a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor according to power supply equipment in the target switching state, so that the three-phase alternating current motor and/or the three-phase inverter heat cooling liquid flowing through the power battery after being electrified and heated, the temperature of the power battery can be increased without using an engine or adding a heating device during heating, the heating efficiency is high, the temperature of the power battery is increased quickly, and the torque generated by the motor is small, And meanwhile, the continuous rotating torque is not generated, so that the vehicle is ensured not to run by itself when being heated.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, not to limit them; although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (13)

1. A power battery heating apparatus, characterized in that the power battery heating apparatus comprises:
the three-phase inverter is connected with power supply equipment, and the power supply equipment is used as a heating energy source;
a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor is connected with a three-phase bridge arm of the three-phase inverter;
the control module is respectively connected with the three-phase inverter and the three-phase alternating current motor, and is used for acquiring a rotor angle signal of the three-phase alternating current motor, selecting a target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to a preset motor type and the rotor angle signal when the parking state of the vehicle detects that the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, and controlling the three-phase inverter to electrify and heat a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor according to heating energy provided by the power supply equipment in the target switching state, so that the three-phase alternating current motor and/or the three-phase inverter heat cooling liquid flowing through the power battery;
the three-phase inverter has twelve switching states, the control module determines a motor rotor position interval according to the rotor angle signal, and selects the target switching state from the twelve switching states according to the motor rotor position interval and the motor type; the motor rotor position interval has twelve interval states, and the twelve interval states of the motor rotor position interval correspond to twelve switching states of the three-phase inverter;
the target switch state is as follows: selecting an optimal switching state of a three-phase inverter according to a section where a motor rotor is located, wherein the optimal switching state is used for enabling electromagnetic torque of the three-phase alternating current motor to be minimum when a vehicle is in a parking state, and a stator magnetic field is fixed in one direction, so that the three-phase alternating current motor is prevented from generating continuously rotating electromagnetic torque to enable the vehicle to automatically run;
in the target switching state, the current flowing to the three-phase coil of the three-phase ac motor by the three-phase inverter is direct current for preventing the three-phase ac motor from generating a stator magnetic field in an unfixed direction.
2. The power battery heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the three-phase inverter includes a first phase leg, a second phase leg, and a third phase leg, the twelve switching states of the three-phase inverter include a first state in which the first phase leg inputs the heating energy to the three-phase alternating current motor, and the second phase leg and the third phase leg output the current output by the three-phase alternating current motor to a heating energy source, a first state in which the first phase leg inputs the heating energy to the three-phase alternating current motor, and a third state in which the third phase leg outputs the current output by the three-phase alternating current motor to the heating energy source, a first phase leg and the second phase leg input the heating energy to the three-phase alternating current motor, and a third phase leg outputs the current output by the three-phase alternating current motor to a third state in which the heating energy source, The heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating-current motor by the second phase leg, the current output from the three-phase alternating-current motor is output to the fourth state of the heating energy source by the third phase leg, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating-current motor by the second phase leg, and the current output from the three-phase alternating-current motor is output to the fifth state of the heating energy source by the first phase leg, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating-current motor by the second phase leg, the current output from the three-phase alternating-current motor is output to the sixth state of the heating energy source by the first phase leg, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating-current motor by the second phase leg and the third phase leg, and the current output from the three-phase alternating-current motor is output to the seventh state of the heating energy source by the first phase leg, The heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating-current motor by a third phase leg, and the current output by the three-phase alternating-current motor is output to an eighth state of the heating energy source by the first phase leg, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating-current motor by the third phase leg, and the current output by the three-phase alternating-current motor is output to a ninth state of the heating energy source by the first phase leg, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating-current motor by the third phase leg, and the current output by the three-phase alternating-current motor is output to a tenth state of the heating energy source by the second phase leg, the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating-current motor by the first phase leg and the third phase leg, and the current output by the three-phase alternating-current motor is output to an eleventh state of the heating energy source by the second phase leg, And a twelfth state in which the heating energy is input to the three-phase alternating-current motor by the first phase arm, and the current output from the three-phase alternating-current motor is output to the heating energy source by the second phase arm.
3. The power battery heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the battery heating apparatus further includes a switch module for connecting the power supply device to the three-phase inverter, and the switch module is connected to the control module, and the control module controls the switch module to be turned on when detecting that the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, and controls the switch module to be turned off when detecting that the temperature of the power battery is higher than a preset temperature value.
4. The power battery heating apparatus of claim 3, wherein the power supply device includes an external power supply device and a power battery, the switch module includes a first switch unit and a second switch unit, the first switch unit is connected to the external power supply device, the second switch unit is connected to the power battery, and the control module is specifically configured to:
when the power supply equipment is external power supply equipment and the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, the control module controls the first switch unit to be switched on and the second switch unit to be switched off so that the external power supply equipment provides the heating energy;
when the power supply equipment is a power battery and the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, the control module controls the second switch unit to be switched on, and the first switch unit is switched off, so that the power battery provides the heating energy.
5. The power battery heating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the control module acquires gear information, vehicle speed information, and temperature information of the power battery;
the control module acquires the current working state of a motor according to the gear information and the vehicle speed information, and selects a target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to the motor type and the rotor angle signal when the current working state is a P-gear parking non-driving state and the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, the three-phase inverter energizes and heats a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor according to the heating energy in the target switching state, the three-phase alternating current motor and the three-phase inverter heat cooling liquid flowing through the power battery after being energized and heated, and the control module controls the switching module to be switched off until the current working state is detected to be a driving state or the temperature of the power battery is not lower than a preset temperature value;
and when the control module judges that the temperature of the power battery is lower than a preset temperature value, gear information, vehicle speed information and the temperature information of the power battery are obtained again.
6. The power battery heating apparatus of claim 5, wherein the control module outputs a PWM control signal to the three-phase inverter to operate the three-phase inverter in the target switching state, obtains an output power of the power supply device, compares the output power with a preset heating power, and adjusts a duty ratio of the PWM control signal according to a comparison result to adjust the output power to the preset heating power.
7. A power battery heating method based on the power battery heating device of claim 1, wherein the power battery heating method comprises:
acquiring a rotor angle signal of the three-phase alternating current motor;
when the temperature of the power battery is detected to be lower than a preset temperature value in the parking state of the vehicle, selecting a target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to a preset motor type and the rotor angle signal;
and controlling the three-phase inverter to electrify and heat a three-phase coil of the three-phase alternating current motor according to the heating energy provided by the power supply equipment in the target switching state, so that the three-phase alternating current motor and/or the three-phase inverter heat the cooling liquid flowing through the power battery.
8. The power cell heating method according to claim 7, wherein the three-phase inverter has twelve switching states, and the selecting the target switching state of the three-phase inverter according to the preset motor type and the rotor angle signal comprises:
determining the interval of the motor rotor position according to the rotor angle signal, and selecting the target switch state from the twelve switch states according to the interval of the motor rotor position and the motor type; the motor rotor position range has twelve range states, and the twelve range states of the motor rotor position range correspond to the twelve switching states of the three-phase inverter.
9. The method for heating a power battery according to claim 8, wherein the rotor angle signal is an angle between a rotor magnetic field and an a-phase axis of a stator, the a-phase axis is a reference angle position, and the determining a motor rotor position interval according to the rotor angle signal comprises:
according to the formula
Figure FDA0003234013770000041
Determining the interval of the motor rotor position; wherein fmod is a remainder function and fix is an integer function; theta0The angle value is the angle value of the motor rotor magnetic field and the stator A phase axis coincident, which is measured in advance by an angle sensor; theta1The angle value of the rotor magnetic field position measured by the angle sensor before the motor is electrified and heated; delta theta0Is theta1And theta0The angle difference value of the motor rotor and the angle value obtained after the 360-degree electrical angle of the motor rotor is left; n is a radical of0The sequence number of the interval where the position of the motor rotor is obtained through calculation; n is a radical of1Is and N0The sequence numbers of the intervals of the motor rotor positions with the reverse phase difference of 180 degrees; n is a radical of2Is and N0And the interval serial number of the motor rotor position with 180-degree electrical angle difference in the opposite direction of + 1.
10. The power battery heating method according to claim 9, wherein the selecting the target switching state among the twelve switching states according to the section where the motor rotor position is located and the motor type comprises:
according to the delta theta0Obtaining the rotor magnetic field distance N for the value after 30 DEG surplus0Angle value delta theta of interval number magnetic field direction1And according to said angle value Delta theta1And the motor type selects the target switching state among the twelve switching states.
11. The power cell heating method according to claim 10, wherein the angle-based value Δ θ is1Selecting the target switch state among the twelve switch states with the motor type includes:
when the motor type is a non-salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the selected switch states is less than 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch states to be N in twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0Or N1A corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a non-salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the selected switch states is larger than 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch state to be N in twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0+1 or N2A corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a non-salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the switch states is equal to 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch state to be N from twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0、N1、N0+1 or N2Any corresponding switch state.
12. The power cell heating method according to claim 10, wherein the angle-based value Δ θ is1Selecting the target switch state among the twelve switch states with the motor type includes:
when the motor type is a salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the selected switch states is less than 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch states to be N in twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0A corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1Greater than 15 °When the three-phase inverter is in the on-off state, the control module selects the serial number of the on-off state to be N in the twelve on-off states of the three-phase inverter0+1 corresponding switch state; when the motor type is a salient pole motor and the angle value delta theta1When the number of the switch states is equal to 15 degrees, the control module selects the serial number of the switch state to be N from twelve switch states of the three-phase inverter0Or N0+1 corresponds to the switch state.
13. A vehicle, characterized in that the vehicle comprises a power battery heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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