CN111350784B - A kind of preparation method of helical spring implanted with stiffness driver and spring prepared therefrom - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of helical spring implanted with stiffness driver and spring prepared therefrom Download PDFInfo
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- CN111350784B CN111350784B CN202010095858.6A CN202010095858A CN111350784B CN 111350784 B CN111350784 B CN 111350784B CN 202010095858 A CN202010095858 A CN 202010095858A CN 111350784 B CN111350784 B CN 111350784B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/3605—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by their material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/366—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers made of fibre-reinforced plastics, i.e. characterised by their special construction from such materials
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种植入刚度驱动器的螺旋弹簧制备方法，包括如下工艺步骤：1)，玻璃纤维束浸渍树脂；2)，玻璃纤维单向布卷曲若干层形成中间层；3)，中间层套上导流网，并浸渍树脂形成预成型体；4)，将形状记忆合金与玻璃纤维编织成为外包覆层；5)，将外包覆层套在预成型体上，制得复合材料螺旋弹簧的最终纤维增强体；6)，将纤维增强体卷绕在模具内模模腔内，与外模合模并加热加压固化；7)，脱模后、清理、打磨，并进行后固化；8)，将两个末端金属接头分别与形状记忆合金两个末端外接电源接口连接，并将两个末端金属接头粘接配合在复合材料螺旋弹簧两端。本发明能实现弹簧的轻量化，满足多种工况下的刚度调节需求，提升汽车舒适性。
The invention relates to a preparation method of a coil spring implanted with a rigidity driver, comprising the following process steps: 1), glass fiber bundles are impregnated with resin; 2), glass fiber unidirectional cloth is curled several layers to form an intermediate layer; 3), the intermediate layer is covered with 4), weaving the shape memory alloy and glass fiber to form an outer cladding layer; 5), covering the outer cladding layer on the preform to obtain a composite coil spring 6), winding the fiber reinforcement in the inner mold cavity of the mold, clamping the mold with the outer mold and curing under heat and pressure; 7), after demoulding, cleaning, grinding, and post-curing; 8), connect the two end metal joints to the external power supply interfaces of the two ends of the shape memory alloy respectively, and bond the two end metal joints to both ends of the composite coil spring. The invention can realize the lightweight of the spring, meet the stiffness adjustment requirements under various working conditions, and improve the comfort of the vehicle.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to a preparation method of a spiral spring implanted into a stiffness driver and a spring prepared by the same, which are applied to an automobile suspension and belong to the technical field of spiral springs.
[ background of the invention ]
A large number of practices prove that the automobile parts and components manufactured by adopting the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material can obviously reduce the weight of the automobile, reduce the oil consumption and improve the comfort of the automobile, not only can play a good role in energy conservation and emission reduction, but also can obviously improve the endurance mileage of the new energy automobile. Coil springs are widely used spring elements in automotive suspension systems, as well as in various mechanical systems. The composite material helical spring is a helical spring made of fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material. On the premise of the same rigidity, the weight of the composite material spiral spring is less than half of that of the metal spiral spring. Meanwhile, the composite material has good fatigue reliability, so the fatigue life of the composite material spiral spring is longer than that of metal. In addition, the composite material coil spring has higher energy storage capacity than the metal coil spring due to the higher specific strength and specific modulus of the composite material. Therefore, the comprehensive performance of the composite material spiral spring is obviously superior to that of the metal spiral spring.
However, the stiffness of the currently disclosed composite material coil spring is a fixed value after curing and molding, and the automobile has different requirements for the suspension stiffness under different working conditions, so that the currently disclosed composite material coil spring can only achieve a better damping effect after a certain compromise in a specific working condition, and cannot enable the suspension performance to be optimal. Although the related achievement of the variable-stiffness metal spiral spring can be used for reference, the composite material spiral spring is designed into the forms of variable spring wire diameter, variable pitch diameter and variable pitch so as to realize the variable-stiffness function of the composite material spiral spring, the gradient change of the internal layering of the composite material spiral spring can be caused, the deformation and stress distribution of the composite material spiral spring are seriously uneven, and the fatigue life of the composite material spiral spring cannot be ensured. In addition, the variable stiffness characteristic realized by the structural means can only provide limited secondary stiffness or gradual-change stiffness, and cannot meet the stiffness regulation requirement of the automobile under various working conditions.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide an innovative method for manufacturing a coil spring implanted with a stiffness driver and a spring manufactured thereby, so as to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
[ summary of the invention ]
In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a coil spring implanted in a stiffness driver, which can achieve light weight of the spring, meet stiffness adjustment requirements under various working conditions, and improve comfort of an automobile.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a spring made by the method of making a coil spring with an implanted rate driver.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for preparing a spiral spring implanted with a stiffness driver comprises the following process steps:
1) impregnating glass fiber bundles with resin;
2) curling a plurality of layers of glass fiber unidirectional cloth along the prepared glass fiber bundle in a +/-45-degree direction to form an intermediate layer;
3) sleeving a prepared intermediate layer on a prefabricated integral flow guide net, and impregnating resin to form a preformed body;
4) weaving the shape memory alloy and the glass fiber into an outer coating layer by adopting a circular weaving machine according to a preset weaving scheme, and dipping resin in advance for later use;
5) sleeving the outer coating layer prepared in the step 4) on the preformed body prepared in the step 3) to prepare a final fiber reinforcement of the composite material spiral spring;
6) winding the fiber reinforcement prepared in the step 5) in a mold cavity of an inner mold of a mold, then closing the mold with an outer mold, and heating, pressurizing and curing;
7) after demoulding of the composite material helical spring, cleaning and polishing are carried out, and post-curing treatment is carried out;
8) and respectively connecting two tail end metal connectors with two tail end external power interfaces of the shape memory alloy, and bonding and matching the two tail end metal connectors at two ends of the composite material spiral spring to finally obtain the spiral spring implanted with the stiffness driver.
The preparation method of the spiral spring implanted with the stiffness driver further comprises the following steps: the glass fiber bundles in the step 1) can be replaced by carbon fiber bundles.
The preparation method of the spiral spring implanted with the stiffness driver further comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the shape memory alloy wires are continuously distributed in the +/-45-degree direction in the outer coating layer.
The preparation method of the spiral spring implanted with the stiffness driver also comprises the following steps: the die inner die in the step 6) is a detachable combined inner die.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the cross section of a spring wire of the spiral spring implanted into the stiffness driver is composed of a mandrel, an intermediate layer, a flow guide layer and an outer coating layer; the mandrel is made of glass fiber bundles and is impregnated with resin; the middle layer is formed by curling a plurality of layers of +/-45-degree unidirectional glass fiber cloth; the flow guide layer is made of a flow guide net; the outer coating layer is formed by weaving continuous reinforced fibers through a circular weaving machine, and a continuous rigidity driver is woven into the woven preformed body; the stiffness driver is composed of shape memory alloy wires and conductive fibers.
The coil spring of the implant rate driver of the present invention is further configured to: the shape memory alloy wire in the outer coating layer is formed by a continuous shape memory alloy wire and forms a conductive loop with the vehicle-mounted power supply; or the shape memory alloy wires are formed by a plurality of continuous shape memory alloy wires and jointly form a conductive loop with the vehicle-mounted power supply; or the electric heating wire is wound with heating fibers such as a resistance wire to form a strand of line, and the resistance wire and a vehicle-mounted power supply form a conductive loop.
The coil spring of the implant rate driver of the present invention is further configured to: the coil spring further comprises a metal joint with an insulating effect; the metal joint is matched and fixed with the surface of the spring body and connected with the shape memory alloy wire, and the fixed constraint of the two ends of the shape memory alloy wire is realized through the matched constraint of the metal joint and the installation clamping position of the spiral spring.
The coil spring of the implant rate driver of the present invention is further configured to: the metal connector is connected with a vehicle-mounted power supply and a vehicle-mounted control system and forms a conductive and control loop with the shape memory alloy wire; and the vehicle-mounted power supply energizes and heats the stiffness driver in the composite material spiral spring according to the instruction of the vehicle-mounted control system.
The coil spring of the implant rate driver of the present invention is further configured to: the spring wire is in the form of equal diameter, equal pitch diameter and equal pitch; or in the form of variable spring wire diameter, variable pitch diameter or variable pitch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention enables the automobile or the railway passenger car carrying the composite material spiral spring to have the rigidity active control function of a suspension or a bogie, and obviously improves the comfort and the dynamic performance of the automobile or the railway passenger car;
2) because the variable-stiffness composite material spiral spring is a material and an actuator with specific functions, the composite material spiral spring has the characteristics of structure and function integration and material and device integration, and meanwhile, the original suspension stiffness adjusting system can be omitted, and finally the light weight and intelligent level of an automobile or a railway passenger car are improved.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the coil spring of the implant rate driver of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the wire of the variable rate composite coil spring of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the braid of the outer cover in step 4) of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a process flow diagram of a method of preparing a coil spring for implantation of a rate driver of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Referring to the attached drawings 1 to 4 in the specification, the invention relates to a method for preparing a spiral spring implanted with a stiffness driver, which comprises the following process steps:
1) impregnating glass fiber bundles with resin; wherein the glass fiber bundles can also be replaced by carbon fiber bundles or other fiber bundles.
2) Curling a plurality of layers of glass fiber unidirectional cloth along the prepared glass fiber bundle in a +/-45-degree direction to form an intermediate layer; wherein, the number of the curling layers is related to the rigidity design value of the spiral spring of the variable-rigidity composite material.
3) And sleeving the prepared intermediate layer on a prefabricated integral flow guide net, and impregnating resin to form a preformed body.
4) The shape memory alloy and the glass fiber (or other fibers) are woven into an outer coating layer by a circular weaving machine according to a preset weaving scheme, and the outer coating layer is impregnated with resin in advance for standby. The shape memory alloy wires are continuously distributed in the +/-45-degree direction in the outer coating layer, so that the torsional rigidity of the section of the spring wire is directly influenced, and the maximum rigidity adjusting effect is exerted.
5) Sleeving the outer coating layer prepared in the step 4) on the preformed body prepared in the step 3) to prepare a final fiber reinforcement of the composite material spiral spring; and an external power supply interface is reserved at the tail end of the shape memory alloy of the final fiber reinforcement of the composite material spiral spring.
6) Winding the fiber reinforcement prepared in the step 5) in a mold cavity in a mold, then closing the mold with an outer mold, and heating, pressurizing and curing. The die inner die is a detachable combined inner die, so that the composite material spiral spring can be smoothly demoulded;
7) after demoulding of the composite material helical spring, cleaning and polishing are carried out, and post-curing treatment is carried out;
8) and respectively connecting two tail end metal connectors with two tail end external power interfaces of the shape memory alloy, and bonding and matching the two tail end metal connectors at two ends of the composite material spiral spring to finally obtain the spiral spring implanted with the stiffness driver.
The cross section of the spring wire 10 of the spiral spring implanted with the stiffness driver manufactured by the manufacturing method is composed of the mandrel 1, the middle layer 2, the flow guide layer 3 and the outer coating layer 4. The spring wire 10 is in the form of equal diameter, equal pitch diameter and equal pitch; or in the form of variable spring wire diameter, variable pitch diameter or variable pitch, or in combination of the three.
Wherein the mandrel 1 is made of glass fiber bundles and impregnated with resin. The middle layer 2 is formed by curling a plurality of layers of +/-45-degree unidirectional glass fiber cloth. The flow guide layer 3 is made of a flow guide net, restrains the intermediate layer 2 to prevent the glass fiber cloth in a curled state from scattering, guides resin to flow, and ensures a good resin infiltration effect between the intermediate layer 2 and the outer cladding layer 4. The outer coating 4 is woven from continuous reinforcing fibers by a circular knitting machine, and a continuous stiffness driver is woven into the woven preform. The strength of the outer cladding 4 can be adjusted and ensured by design, such as increasing the thickness and the number of layers of the outer cladding 4 or increasing the fiber strength and the diameter and the number of the shape memory alloy wires in the outer cladding.
Further, the stiffness driver is composed of shape memory alloy wires 6 and conductive fibers 7. Specifically, the shape memory alloy wire 6 in the outer coating layer 4 is composed of a continuous shape memory alloy wire 6 and forms a conductive loop with a vehicle-mounted power supply; or consists of a plurality of continuous shape memory alloy wires 6 which jointly form a conductive loop with the vehicle-mounted power supply; or the electric heating wire is wound with heating fibers such as a resistance wire to form a strand of line, and the resistance wire and a vehicle-mounted power supply form a conductive loop.
The coil spring of the implanted stiffness driver further comprises a metal joint 5 with an insulating effect; the metal joint 5 is matched and fixed with the surface of the spring body and connected with the shape memory alloy wire 6, and the fixed constraint of the two ends of the shape memory alloy wire 6 is realized through the matched constraint of the metal joint 4 and the installation clamping position of the spiral spring.
Further, the metal connector 5 is connected with a vehicle-mounted power supply and a vehicle-mounted control system 8, and forms a conductive and control loop with the shape memory alloy wire 6. The vehicle-mounted power supply energizes and heats the stiffness driver in the composite material spiral spring according to the instruction of the vehicle-mounted control system 8; the relationship between the temperature and heating time of the shape memory alloy is as follows:
wherein T0 is the initial temperature of the shape memory alloy, T is the temperature of the shape memory alloy after heating, T is the heating time, and I is the current value passed by the shape memory alloy; rhorThe resistivity, h the convective heat transfer coefficient, d the fiber diameter, ρ the density, and C the specific heat capacity are all material performance parameters of the shape memory alloy.
The change rule of the elastic modulus of the shape memory alloy along with the temperature is as follows:
E＝E0(1-QαT)
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the shape memory alloy after the temperature change, E0 is the initial elastic modulus of the shape memory alloy, alpha is the linear expansion coefficient, and Q is the material characteristic parameter, and the material characteristic parameter is obtained by a material performance test.
After the temperature of the stiffness driver reaches a required range, the internal shape memory alloy is subjected to phase change and the elastic modulus is changed, and finally the stiffness of the composite material spiral spring is matched and controlled under specific working conditions. The related control strategies comprise frequency domain control, skyhook control, fuzzy PID control and other common suspension control strategies, and specific control strategies can be selected according to specific characteristics of the vehicle type.
After the spiral spring implanted with the stiffness driver is loaded, the spiral spring is deformed to a certain degree under the action of the gravity of an automobile or a railway passenger car, so that the shape memory alloy wire 6 generates a prestress field. In the running process of the automobile or the railway passenger car, the vehicle-mounted control system 8 outputs a corresponding instruction to the vehicle-mounted power supply according to a preset control strategy according to the running state of the automobile monitored by the vehicle-mounted sensing system; and the vehicle-mounted power supply energizes and heats the stiffness driver according to the instruction, so that the elastic modulus of the shape memory alloy is changed according to a preset requirement, the torsional stiffness of the composite material spiral spring wire is changed according to a preset requirement, and finally the matching control of the composite material spiral spring stiffness under a specific working condition is realized.
The spiral spring implanted with the stiffness driver has a stiffness active control function, and a suspension carrying the composite material spiral spring belongs to a semi-active control suspension, so that the dynamic performance, light weight and intelligent level of the whole automobile can be obviously improved.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, which are not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which are within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure, should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
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| CN202010095858.6A CN111350784B (en) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-02-17 | A kind of preparation method of helical spring implanted with stiffness driver and spring prepared therefrom |
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| CN112157867A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2021-01-01 | 浙江理工大学 | Transverse stabilizer bar with actively variable rigidity and preparation method thereof |
| CN112211936A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-12 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Torsion bar spring and preparation method thereof |
| CN113334802B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-08-26 | 浙江理工大学 | Preparation method of variable-stiffness composite opposite wave spring |
| CN113733593A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-12-03 | 浙江理工大学 | Preparation method and electrifying method of active variable-stiffness composite material arc spring |
| CN115320136A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-11 | 苏州三航复合材料有限公司 | Novel FRP composite material helical spring and manufacturing process thereof |
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| JPS59144837A (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1984-08-20 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Hollow-section coiled spring made of fiber reinforcing plastics and method of manufacturing the spring |
| DE19939460C1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-01-25 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Coil spring has a hollow tubular spring wire of plastics/glass fibers and an opening along its length with an elastic coupling between the facing and spaced wall sections for improved performance under static/dynamic forces |
| FR2837250B1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2007-02-09 | Max Sardou | COMPOSITE HELICOIDAL SPRING AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
| JP2006226327A (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2006-08-31 | Kyoto Institute Of Technology | FRP coil spring and production method thereof |
| DK2778267T3 (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2019-12-02 | Parabeam Bv | Upholstery material for an elastic, insulating or waterproof covering of objects or components |
| CN103398240A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-11-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Shape memory polymer variable-stiffness tube and manufacturing method thereof |
| DE102014211096A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Torsionally loaded rod-shaped component with different fiber reinforcements for tensile and compressive loads |
| CN204677664U (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-09-30 | 铜梁县宝克机械制造有限公司 | A kind of automobile shock packing ring |
| DE102016210118B3 (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2017-10-05 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing screw or coil springs made of a fiber-reinforced material and apparatus for carrying out this method |
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