CN111346571B - Sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of surfactants, and particularly relates to a sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant and a preparation method thereof. The application discloses a sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant, which has a structure shown as a formula (I), wherein A is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, ether, phenyl or substituted phenyl, R is straight-chain alkyl containing 1-3 carbon atoms, X is methyl or phenyl, n is an integer of 8-16, a is an integer not less than 1, and the sum of a and b is 3. The sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant has a sulfate-containing hydrophilic chain and a siloxane hydrophobic chain, is excellent in surface activity and strong in wettability, can meet the requirements of temperature resistance, salt resistance and calcium and magnesium resistance, and can effectively perform wetting reversal on rocks.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of surfactants, and particularly relates to a sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The organic silicon surfactant is a new generation surfactant which appears in recent years, has very high surface activity of hydrophobic alkoxy chains, can remarkably reduce the surface tension of water to 21mN/m, and is a very high-efficiency surfactant. Compared with the traditional hydrocarbon surfactant, the silicone surfactant has super-wettability because the trisiloxane chains are arranged in an umbrella shape at the interface and can be rapidly spread at the gas/liquid interface and because the flexibility of the silicone chains enables the trisiloxane chains to be arranged more tightly at the water interface.
In the current tertiary oil recovery process, a large amount of surfactant is required. The most basic function of these surfactants is to reduce the oil-water interfacial tension and start the residual oil in the rock pores, so it must satisfy the characteristics of low interfacial tension, low adsorption capacity, high solubilization parameter, compatibility with the bottom layer fluid, wide source, and low cost.
Sulfonate-based anionic surfactants, as the most commonly used tertiary oil recovery surfactants, also suffer from a number of disadvantages, such as: the performance can not adapt to engineering requirements, the ultralow interfacial tension is difficult to realize, the temperature resistance and salt resistance are low, the adsorption on the surface of clay is easy, the wetting reversal effect on rocks is poor, and the like. Therefore, the development of a surfactant having excellent comprehensive properties is an important technical problem to be solved for the deep development and utilization of petroleum resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides a sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems that the existing sulfate-based anionic surfactant cannot adapt to engineering requirements in performance, is difficult to realize ultralow interfacial tension, has low temperature resistance and salt resistance, is easy to be adsorbed by the clay surface, has poor wetting reversal effect on rocks and the like, and overcome the defects of the existing surfactant.
The application provides a sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant which has a structure shown as a formula (I);
wherein A is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, ether group, phenyl or substituted phenyl, R is a straight-chain alkyl group containing 1-3 carbon atoms, X is methyl or phenyl, n is an integer of 8-16, a is an integer not less than 1, and the sum of a and b is 3.
Preferably, A is selected from straight-chain alkyl, saturated fatty ether group or phenyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms;
x is methyl, n is an even number of 8-12, and a is equal to 3.
Preferably, A is selected from-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2CH2-、
Or
Preferably, the structure is as follows: has the following structure:
The application also provides a preparation method of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out addition reaction on diglycidyl ether and siloxane alkyl alcohol to obtain a first reaction intermediate, and then carrying out sulfonation reaction on the first reaction intermediate and chlorosulfonic acid in an organic solvent to obtain the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant;
the structural formula of the diglycidyl ether is shown in the specification
The structural formula of the siloxane alkyl alcohol is shown in the specification
The structural formula of the first reaction intermediate is
Wherein A is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, ether group, phenyl or substituted phenyl, R is a straight-chain alkyl group containing 1-3 carbon atoms, X is methyl or phenyl, n is an integer of 8-16, a is an integer not less than 1, and the sum of a and b is 3.
Preferably, the addition reaction is carried out under the action of a first catalyst, and the first catalyst is potassium tert-butoxide and/or sodium tert-butoxide;
the molar ratio of the diglycidyl ether to the siloxane alkyl alcohol is (2-4) to 1;
the reaction temperature of the addition reaction is 70-90 ℃.
Preferably, a first reaction base is also added in the sulfonation reaction, and the first reaction base is sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate;
the organic solvent is chloroform, dichloromethane and/or acetone;
the molar ratio of the first reaction intermediate to the first reaction alkali to the chlorosulfonic acid is 1 (2-6) to 2-6.
Preferably, the diglycidyl ether is prepared by carrying out a first catalytic reaction on dihydric alcohol and epoxy chlorohydrocarbon under the action of a second reaction alkali and a phase transfer catalyst;
the structural formula of the dihydric alcohol is shown in the specification
The structural formula of the epoxy chlorohydrocarbon is shown in the specification
Wherein A is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, ether group, phenyl or substituted phenyl, and R is a straight-chain alkyl group containing 1-3 carbon atoms;
the phase transfer catalyst is tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, tetrabutylammonium bromide and/or dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide;
the second reaction alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide;
the molar ratio of the dihydric alcohol to the epoxy chlorohydrocarbon to the second reaction alkali is 1 (2-4) to (2-4);
the reaction temperature of the first catalytic reaction is 40-60 ℃.
Preferably, the siloxane alkyl alcohol is obtained by carrying out a second catalytic reaction on siloxane and terminal enol in an inert atmosphere;
the structural formula of the siloxane is H-Si (X)3SiO)a(CH3)b(ii) a The structural formula of the terminal enol is
Wherein X is methyl or phenyl, m is an integer of 6-14, a is an integer not less than 1, and the sum of a and b is 3.
Preferably, the second catalyst of the second catalytic reaction is a platinum catalyst;
the dosage of the second catalyst is 0.002-0.004% mol equivalent;
the molar ratio of the siloxane to the terminal enol is 1 (1-3);
the reaction temperature of the second catalytic reaction is 80-100 ℃.
The application provides an anionic gemini surfactant simultaneously having a sulfate-group-containing hydrophilic chain and a siloxane hydrophobic chain, which has high surface activity of a hydrocarbon surfactant, can be rapidly spread on a gas/liquid interface due to umbrella-shaped arrangement of trisiloxane chains on the interface, and has good wetting property. The sulfonate-based anionic gemini surfactant is excellent in surface activity, the critical micelle is 0.2mmol/L and is 1/40 of sodium dodecyl sulfate (9.8mmol/L), the surface tension of the surfactant at the critical micelle concentration is 22.67mN/m and is far lower than that of sodium dodecyl sulfate (39.0mN/m), the surfactant is high in surface activity and strong in wettability, the requirements of temperature resistance and salt and calcium magnesium resistance can be met, the wetting reversal can be effectively carried out on rocks, the surfactant can be used in binary composite flooding and ternary composite flooding in tertiary oil recovery, the surfactant can also be used in daily chemicals such as an emulsifier and a wetting agent, the surfactant can be popularized and used in petroleum exploitation and other fields, and the defects of the existing surfactant are overcome.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a chart of the infrared spectrum of a sulfate group anionic gemini surfactant (bis (heptamethyl trialkoxysilanylalkylalkoxyalkyl) sulfate) in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a gamma-c curve (30 ℃ C.) of a sulfate group anionic gemini surfactant (bis (heptamethyl trialkoxysilanylalkylalkoxyalkyl) sulfate ester) in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a temperature resistance test of a sulfate group anionic gemini surfactant (bis (heptamethyl trialkoxysilane alkyl alkoxy hydrocarbyl sulfate)) in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 shows the salt tolerance (30 ℃ C.) of a sulfate group anionic gemini surfactant (bis (heptamethyl trialkoxysilane alkyl alkoxy hydrocarbyl sulfate)) in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the calcium resistance (30 ℃ C.) of a sulfate group anionic gemini surfactant (bis (heptamethyltrialkoxysilanylalkylalkoxyalkyl) alkyl sulfate) in example 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The application discloses a sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant which has a structure shown as a formula (I);
wherein A is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, ether group, phenyl or substituted phenyl, R is a straight-chain alkyl group containing 1-3 carbon atoms, X is methyl or phenyl, n is an integer of 8-16, a is an integer not less than 1, and the sum of a and b is 3.
The sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant of the present application contains 2 hydrophilic groups and 2 hydrophobic groups, has better surface activity, lower critical micelle concentration, and contains more compact hydrophobic groups so as to have stronger interchange effect in a water/air interface. In addition, the trisiloxane chain is arranged in an umbrella shape at the interface, so that the trisiloxane chain can be rapidly spread at the gas/liquid interface, and the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant is more tightly arranged at the water interface due to the flexibility of the trisiloxane chain, so that the trisiloxane chain has super-wettability.
Further, X is methyl, A is selected from straight-chain alkyl, saturated fatty ether group or phenyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms, and the participation of the linking groups can enable the sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant to have better surface activity;
further, A is selected from-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2CH2-、
Or
In the application, n is an even number of 8-12, so that the raw material of the sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant can be more easily obtained, the preparation cost is reduced, and the engineering requirement can be more met. a is equal to 3, so that the siloxane chain is arranged in an umbrella shape on the interface and can be rapidly spread on the gas/liquid interface, and the sulfonate anionic gemini surfactant has the characteristics of good wettability, high and low temperature resistance, weather aging resistance, no toxicity, physiological inertia and the like.
Further, X is methyl, A is selected from-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2CH2-、
Or
R is methylene, n is an even number of 8-12, and a is equal to 2.
Further, the sulfonate-based anionic gemini surfactant of the present application has the following structure:
The application also provides a preparation method of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant, which comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out a first catalytic reaction on dihydric alcohol and epoxy chlorohydrocarbon at 40-60 ℃ for 0.5-1 h under the action of a second reaction alkali and a phase transfer catalyst, preferably sequentially filtering, drying and distilling under reduced pressure the reaction liquid after the reaction is completed to prepare diglycidyl ether, wherein the phase transfer catalyst is tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, tetrabutylammonium bromide and/or dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, the phase transfer catalyst is preferably 0.02 times of molar equivalent, the second reaction alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide, and the molar ratio of the dihydric alcohol, the epoxy chlorohydrocarbon and the second reaction alkali is 1 (2-4) to (2-4), more preferably 1 (2.1-2.3) to (2.1-2.3);
2) in an inert atmosphere, carrying out a second catalytic reaction on siloxane and terminal enol at 80-100 ℃, wherein the added second catalyst is a platinum catalyst with the molar equivalent of 0.002-0.004%, the molar ratio of the siloxane to the terminal enol is 1 (1-3), the more preferable molar ratio is 1 (1.1-1.5), the platinum catalyst is more specifically chloroplatinic acid, continuing the reaction for 4-5 h, and preferably carrying out reduced pressure distillation to remove small molecular substances to obtain siloxane alkyl alcohol;
3) carrying out addition reaction on diglycidyl ether and siloxane alkyl alcohol, wherein the molar ratio of the diglycidyl ether to the siloxane alkyl alcohol is (2-4): 1, more preferably (2.1-2.5): 1, adding 0.06-0.10 mol of a first catalyst, reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 20-24 h, cooling, neutralizing, extracting with dichloromethane, drying, and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain a first reaction intermediate, wherein the first catalyst is potassium tert-butoxide and/or sodium tert-butoxide;
4) dispersing a first reaction intermediate in an organic solvent, adding a first reaction alkali sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate, slowly dropwise adding chlorosulfonic acid to perform sulfonation reaction, wherein the molar ratio of the first reaction intermediate to the first reaction alkali to the chlorosulfonic acid is 1 (2-6) to (2-6), more preferably 1 (4-4.5) to (4-4.5), the organic solvent is trichloromethane, dichloromethane and/or acetone, reacting at 22-25 ℃ for 4-5 h, neutralizing the reaction solution with sodium hydroxide, extracting, and evaporating to obtain the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant.
The sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant is simple in preparation method, mild in reaction condition, easy to separate products and high in yield.
For a further understanding of the present application, reference will now be made in detail to the following examples.
Example 1
Sodium bis (heptamethyltrialkoxysilane) octyl ethoxy sulfate
This example provides a method of making the sulfonate-based anionic gemini surfactant (sodium bis-heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octylethoxy sulfate) of the present application.
The preparation method of this example includes the following steps:
1) synthesis of ethylene glycol glycidyl ether
Adding 1mol of ethylene glycol, 3mol of sodium hydroxide, 0.3mol of distilled water and 0.04mol of phase transfer catalyst tetrabutylammonium chloride into a reactor, slowly dropwise adding epoxy chloropropane, carrying out a first catalytic reaction for 0.5h at 45 ℃, filtering the reaction solution after the reaction is completed, drying the reaction solution by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation to obtain ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether;
2) synthesis of heptamethyltrisiloxaneoctanol
Under the protection of nitrogen, adding 1mol of heptamethyltrisiloxane and 1.4mol of terminal octenol into a reactor, heating to 100 ℃, adding chloroplatinic acid with 0.004% of catalyst amount in molar equivalent for a second catalytic reaction, continuing the reaction for 4 hours, cooling to 25 ℃, and removing small molecular substances by reduced pressure evaporation to obtain heptamethyltrisiloxane octanol;
3) synthesis of bis-heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octyl glycol
Under the protection of nitrogen, adding 1mol of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and 2.5mol of heptamethyltrisiloxane octanol into a reactor, simultaneously adding 0.08mol of potassium tert-butoxide, heating to 90 ℃ for 24h addition reaction, cooling, neutralizing, extracting with dichloromethane, drying and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain bis-heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octyl ethylene glycol;
4) synthesis of bis (heptamethyl trialkoxy silane) octyl ethoxy sodium sulfate
Under the protection of nitrogen, 1mol of bis-heptamethyl trialkoxysilane alkyl alkoxy diol and 5mol of sodium carbonate are dispersed in trichloromethane, 5mol of chlorosulfonic acid is slowly dripped, the sulfonation reaction is continued for 4h after the dripping is finished, the pH of the reaction solution is adjusted to 10 by sodium hydroxide, and the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant is obtained by extraction and evaporation.
Example 2
This example provides an infrared spectrum characterization of the sodium bis (heptamethyltrialkoxysilane) octylethoxy sulfate, the target product of the preparation of example 1, and the results are shown in fig. 1.
FIG. 1 (sodium bis heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octylethoxy sulfate): 3061.68cm-1And 3029.61cm-1Are respectively CH3Antisymmetric stretching and plane rocking vibration peaks; 3019.45cm-1And 3014.00cm-1is-CH2-antisymmetric and symmetric extensional vibration peaks; 1474.34cm-1And 745.29cm-1is-CH2Peak of in-plane bending vibration and in-plane rocking vibration of 1267.22cm-1And 1085.71cm-1The peak is antisymmetric stretching and symmetric stretching vibration peak of-S ═ O in the product; 1085.71, 1054.82cm-1The absorption peak of stretching vibration (peak width is strong) at the position of Si-O-Si is 817.90cm-1The position is the strong absorption peak of the stretching vibration of Si-C. 596.65cm-1Is the antisymmetric stretching vibration peak of-SO.
Example 3
In this example, surfactant assay was performed on the target product sodium bis heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octylethoxy sulfate.
The surface tension is an important property of the liquid, the surface tension of the water is reduced by the surfactant, the surface tension of the sodium bis-heptamethyl trialkoxysilane octyl ethoxy sulfate solution under different concentrations is measured by a ring-and-loop method, the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the surface tension (gamma-micelle concentration) under the critical micelle concentration are obtained from the turning point of a curve in the graph (see figure 2)cmc). FIG. 2 shows bis-heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octylethoxy sulfuric acid of the present inventionThe ester sodium has excellent surface activity, the critical micelle of the ester sodium is 0.2mmol/L, the ester sodium is 1/40 of sodium dodecyl sulfate (9.8mmol/L), and the surface tension of the ester sodium at the critical micelle concentration is 22.67mN/m and is far lower than that of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (39.0 mN/m).
Example 4
The surface tension of the aqueous solution (0.2mmol/L) of sodium bis (heptamethyltrialkoxysilane) octylethoxy sulfate was tested at different temperatures to determine the temperature resistance of the surfactant, and see FIG. 3 for the results. FIG. 3 shows that sodium bis-heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octylethoxy sulfate has good high-temperature resistance, and the surface tension is reduced from 22.68mN/m to 20.36 mN/m.
Example 5
The salt tolerance of the surfactant was judged by testing the surface tension of aqueous solution (0.2mmol/L) of sodium bis heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octylethoxy sulfate at different NaCl concentrations, see FIG. 4 for the results. As can be seen from FIG. 4, when the NaCl concentration is 15000mg/L, the surface tension of the sodium bis-heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octylethoxy sulfate solution reaches a minimum of 20.36mN/m, and when the NaCl concentration is continuously increased, the surface tension of the solution starts to increase until 35000mg/L, the surface tension is 23.06mN/m, and the oil displacement requirement is still met.
Example 6
In different CaCl2The surface tension value of the aqueous solution (0.2mmol/L) of sodium bis-heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octylethoxy sulfate was measured at the concentration to judge the calcium resistance of the surfactant, and the results are shown in FIG. 5. As can be seen from FIG. 5, when CaCl2When the concentration is 20000mg/L, the surface tension of the sodium bis-heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octyl ethoxy sulfate solution reaches the lowest 21.46mN/m, and Na is continuously added+The concentration and the surface tension of the solution start to increase until 35000mg/L, the surface tension is 23.54mN/m, and the oil displacement requirement is still met.
Example 7
The water wetting angle of the glass capillary before and after treatment with the bis-heptamethyl trialkoxysilane octyl ethoxy sodium sulfate wetting reversal agent was measured by a capillary rising test, and the wetting reversal effect was quantitatively evaluated, with the results shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the capillary wettability was greatly changed after the treatment of 2mmol/L sodium bis-heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octylethoxy sulfate, and as a result, as shown in Table 1, the oil and water wetting angles before the treatment were 45.7 ℃ and 43.6 ℃, and the oil and water wetting angles after the treatment were 79.2 ℃ and 86.3 ℃, respectively.
TABLE 1 results of wet inversion of sodium heptamethyltrialkoxysilane octylethoxy sulfate in aqueous solution
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant in the field of oil exploitation is characterized in that the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant has a structure shown as a formula (I);
wherein A is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, ether group, phenyl or substituted phenyl, R is a straight-chain alkyl group containing 1-3 carbon atoms, X is methyl or phenyl, n is an integer of 8-16, a is an integer not less than 1, and the sum of a and b is 3.
2. The use of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant according to claim 1, wherein A is selected from a linear alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a saturated fatty ether group or a phenyl group;
x is methyl, n is an even number of 8-12, and a is equal to 2.
3. Use of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that said a is selected from-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2CH2-、
4. Use of the sulfate based anionic gemini surfactant according to claim 3 in the field of oil exploitation, characterized by the following structure:
5. the use of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant according to claim 1 in the field of oil exploitation, wherein the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
carrying out addition reaction on diglycidyl ether and siloxane alkyl alcohol to obtain a first reaction intermediate, and then carrying out sulfonation reaction on the first reaction intermediate and chlorosulfonic acid in an organic solvent to obtain the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant;
the structural formula of the diglycidyl ether is shown in the specification
The structural formula of the siloxane alkyl alcohol is shown in the specification
The structural formula of the first reaction intermediate is
Wherein A is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, ether group, phenyl or substituted phenyl, R is a straight-chain alkyl group containing 1-3 carbon atoms, X is methyl or phenyl, n is an integer of 8-16, a is an integer not less than 1, and the sum of a and b is 3.
6. The use of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant in the field of oil exploitation according to claim 5, wherein the addition reaction is carried out under the action of a first catalyst, and the first catalyst is potassium tert-butoxide and/or sodium tert-butoxide;
the molar ratio of the diglycidyl ether to the siloxane alkyl alcohol is 1 (2-4);
the reaction temperature of the addition reaction is 70-90 ℃.
7. The use of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant in the field of oil exploitation according to claim 5, wherein a first reaction base is further added in the sulfonation reaction, and the first reaction base is sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate;
the organic solvent is chloroform, dichloromethane and/or acetone;
the molar ratio of the first reaction intermediate to the first reaction alkali to the chlorosulfonic acid is 1 (2-6) to 2-6.
8. The use of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant in the field of oil exploitation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the diglycidyl ether is prepared by a first catalytic reaction of a dihydric alcohol and an epoxy chlorohydrocarbon under the action of a second reaction base and a phase transfer catalyst;
the structural formula of the dihydric alcohol is shown in the specification
The structural formula of the epoxy chlorohydrocarbon is shown in the specification
Wherein A is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, ether group, phenyl or substituted phenyl, and R is a straight-chain alkyl group containing 1-3 carbon atoms;
the phase transfer catalyst is tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, tetrabutylammonium bromide and/or dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide;
the second reaction alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide;
the molar ratio of the dihydric alcohol to the epoxy chlorohydrocarbon to the second reaction alkali is 1 (2-4) to 2-4;
the reaction temperature of the first catalytic reaction is 40-60 ℃.
9. The use of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant in the field of oil exploitation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the siloxane alkyl alcohol is obtained by a second catalytic reaction of siloxane and a terminal alkenyl alcohol in an inert atmosphere;
the structural formula of the siloxane is H-Si (X)3SiO)a(CH3)b(ii) a The structural formula of the terminal enol is
Wherein X is methyl or phenyl, m is an integer of 6-14, a is an integer not less than 1, and the sum of a and b is 3.
10. The use of the sulfate-based anionic gemini surfactant according to claim 9 in the field of oil exploitation, wherein the second catalyst of the second catalytic reaction is a platinum catalyst;
the concentration of the second catalyst is 0.002-0.004% mol equivalent;
the molar ratio of the siloxane to the terminal enol is 1 (1-3);
the reaction temperature of the second catalytic reaction is 80-100 ℃.
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