CN111337337B - Device and method for preparing variable-density gas-containing soil sample based on zeolite displacement reaction - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing variable-density gas-containing soil sample based on zeolite displacement reaction Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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Abstract
The invention discloses a variable density gas-containing soil sample preparation device and method based on zeolite displacement reaction, comprising a zeolite reaction kettle, a soil sample reaction kettle and a soil sample forming box, wherein the bottom of the zeolite reaction kettle is communicated with the middle part of the soil sample reaction kettle through a high-pressure conduit A, the top of the zeolite reaction kettle is communicated with an air inlet pipe B and a first vacuum pressure gauge, the top of the soil sample reaction kettle is communicated with the bottom of the soil sample forming box through the high-pressure conduit B, a stirrer is correspondingly arranged in the soil sample reaction kettle, the top of the soil sample reaction kettle is communicated with the air inlet pipe A and a second vacuum pressure gauge, the bottom of the soil sample reaction kettle is communicated with the top of the soil sample forming box through a soil slurry communication pipe, and a fourth valve, a first flowmeter and a seventh valve are sequentially arranged on the soil slurry communication pipe from top to bottom; and a third vacuum pressure gauge is communicated with the bottom of the soil sample forming box. The invention can prepare the gas-containing soil sample which is not limited by the density condition and meets the indoor geotechnical experiment requirement in batch and controllable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering geotechnical tests, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a variable-density gas-containing soil sample based on zeolite displacement reaction, and in particular relates to an indoor artificial simulation sample preparation technology of seabed gas-containing sediment.
Background
The soil containing gas refers to the soil body in which the gas exists in a closed free and dissolved state rather than in the form of gas-water compound. It is considered as a metastable state balance body consisting of soil particles, pore water, gas, temperature and overburden pressure, and once the balance is broken, the engineering properties of the metastable state balance body are rapidly changed, so that the engineering is disastrous. Such as: disaster accidents such as coastal landslide, soil liquefaction and foundation subsidence are often caused by seabed gas-containing sediments, and the disaster accidents are important potential safety hazards in ocean engineering.
The gas-containing soil is ubiquitous in nature, but because the gas pressure in the soil is high and unstable, the gas is easy to decompose, desolventize and escape, the original structure of the soil body is destroyed, and the original gas-containing soil sample on site is difficult to obtain. Even if special equipment is adopted to obtain the pressure-maintaining undisturbed soil sample, the problems of difficulty in secondary processing in a room, uneven gas content of the soil sample and the like still exist, the development of a method for manually preparing the gas-containing soil in the room is promoted, and the engineering characteristics of the seabed gas-containing sediment are researched by simulating the preparation of the gas-containing soil sample. The patent 'pressure-variable controllable gas replacement back pressure device and application thereof in preparation of a gas-containing soil sample (ZL 201310752757.1)' provides a method for forming the gas-containing soil by replacing zeolite with water by means of the adsorption characteristic of the zeolite, but the method is only applicable to preparation of the gas-containing soil sample of loose tricholoma matsutake, but cannot be prepared for preparation of the gas-containing soil sample with higher density.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing a variable-density gas-containing soil sample based on zeolite replacement reaction, which are characterized in that water in sample pores is utilized to replace N 2 gas in zeolite, the content of N 2 gas is proportioned by zeolite powder, soil slurry with accurate data is proportioned by each flowmeter, the metered soil slurry is introduced into a soil sample forming box, a soil sample with required sample height is obtained by a pushing piston with scales, after freezing forming, the soil sample is melted under the back pressure of less than or equal to 200kPa, and the pore water of the soil sample replaces N 2 gas in zeolite, so that the gas-containing soil sample with different densities is prepared.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
The variable density gas-containing soil sample preparation device based on zeolite displacement reaction comprises a zeolite reaction kettle, a soil sample reaction kettle and a soil sample forming box, wherein the bottom of the zeolite reaction kettle is communicated with the middle part of the soil sample reaction kettle through a high-pressure conduit A, the top of the zeolite reaction kettle is communicated with an air inlet pipe B and a first vacuum pressure gauge, and a first valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe B; the top of the soil sample reaction kettle is communicated with the bottom of the soil sample forming box through a high-pressure conduit B, a third valve is arranged at the position, close to the top of the soil sample reaction kettle, of the high-pressure conduit B, and an eighth valve is arranged at the position, close to the bottom of the soil sample forming box, of the high-pressure conduit B; the soil sample reaction kettle is internally provided with a stirrer correspondingly, the top of the soil sample reaction kettle is communicated with an air inlet pipe A and a second vacuum pressure gauge, a fifth valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe A, and a thermometer is arranged in the soil sample reaction kettle; the bottom of the soil sample reaction kettle is communicated with a water inlet pipe, and a second flowmeter and a sixth valve are correspondingly arranged on the water inlet pipe; the bottom of the soil sample reaction kettle is communicated with the top of the soil sample forming box through a soil slurry communication pipe, and a fourth valve, a first flowmeter and a seventh valve are sequentially arranged on the soil slurry communication pipe from top to bottom; the soil sample forming box is characterized in that a third vacuum pressure gauge is arranged at the bottom of the soil sample forming box in a communicating manner, the soil sample forming box comprises a die top cover, a forming die and a die bottom cover, the die top cover is detachably and hermetically arranged at the top of the forming die, the die bottom cover is detachably and hermetically arranged at the bottom of the forming die, and the die top cover is provided with a pushing piston with scales.
In order to better realize the invention, the zeolite reaction kettle comprises a tank body and a zeolite sealing cover which is hermetically covered at the tank opening at the top of the tank body, wherein the zeolite sealing cover is fixedly connected with the top of the tank body through a plurality of first bolts; the bottom of the tank body is funnel-shaped, a second valve is arranged at the position, close to the bottom of the tank body, of the high-pressure conduit A, and the air inlet pipe B and the first vacuum pressure gauge are communicated and arranged on the zeolite sealing cover.
Preferably, the pushing piston comprises a pushing rod, a pushing handle and a pushing piston plate, the pushing rod is installed on the die top cover in a penetrating mode, the pushing handle is fixed to the top end of the pushing rod, the pushing piston plate is fixed to the bottom end of the pushing rod, the pushing piston plate is matched and located inside the forming die, the pushing handle is located outside the soil sample forming box, and graduation marks are arranged on the pushing rod in the height direction.
Preferably, the soil sample reaction kettle comprises a cylinder body and a soil sample sealing cover which is hermetically covered on a top cylinder opening of the cylinder body, and the soil sample sealing cover is fixedly connected with the top of the cylinder body through a plurality of second bolts; the air inlet pipe A and the second vacuum pressure gauge are both communicated and arranged on the soil sample sealing cover, and the end part of the high-pressure guide pipe B is communicated and arranged on the soil sample sealing cover.
Preferably, the invention further comprises a vacuum pump, an N 2 storage tank and a water injection tank, wherein the vacuum pump is provided with a vacuumizing pipe, the vacuumizing pipe of the vacuum pump is respectively corresponding to the air inlet pipe A and the air inlet pipe B, the N 2 storage tank is provided with an air outlet pipe, and the air outlet pipe of the N 2 storage tank is respectively corresponding to the air inlet pipe A and the air inlet pipe B.
Preferably, the stirrer comprises a stirring motor, a stirring shaft and stirring paddles, the stirring shaft is rotatably and penetratingly arranged on the soil sample sealing cover, a plurality of stirring paddles are cooperatively arranged on the stirring shaft, all stirring paddles are positioned inside the cylinder, the stirring motor is arranged on the soil sample sealing cover, and a power output shaft of the stirring motor is in power connection with the stirring shaft.
Preferably, the end part of the high-pressure conduit B is communicated with the die bottom cover, the bottom end of the soil slurry communication pipe is communicated with the die top cover, and the third vacuum pressure gauge is communicated with the bottom of the forming die.
A preparation method of a variable density gas-containing soil sample based on zeolite displacement reaction comprises the following steps:
A. Sequentially placing saturated permeable stone and filter paper on a mold bottom cover from bottom to top, sealing a forming mold through a mold top cover and a mold bottom cover to form a closed soil sample forming box, and weighing the mass m 0 of the soil sample forming box at the moment; the soil sample reaction kettle is installed, the baked soil with the mass of m 1 is put into a cylinder, and a soil sample sealing cover is closed and covered; the zeolite reaction kettle is installed, the dried zeolite powder with the mass of m 1 is put into the zeolite reaction kettle, and a zeolite sealing cover is closed and covered;
B. The zeolite reaction kettle is communicated with the soil sample reaction kettle through a high-pressure conduit A, the soil sample reaction kettle is communicated with the soil sample forming box through a high-pressure conduit B, a vacuumizing pipe of a vacuum pump is respectively communicated with the air inlet pipe A and the air inlet pipe B in a sealing way, a fourth valve and a sixth valve are closed, the first valve, the third valve, the fifth valve, the seventh valve and the eighth valve are opened, and a vacuum pump is started to exhaust air in the zeolite reaction kettle, the soil sample forming box and the baked soil; when the first vacuum pressure gauge, the second vacuum pressure gauge and the third vacuum pressure gauge are all close to-100 kPa, continuing to exhaust air for not less than 1.5 hours, and then closing the first valve and the fifth valve;
C. The air inlet pipe A and the air inlet pipe B are respectively connected with a high-purity N 2 storage tank, and a decompression valve of the N 2 storage tank is regulated to maintain the pressure at 300kPa; opening the first valve and the fifth valve, closing the first valve and the fifth valve after the first vacuum pressure gauge and the second vacuum pressure gauge are stabilized at 300kPa, and standing for 12 hours without obvious pressure reduction;
D. opening a second valve to enable zeolite powder in the tank body to fall into the soil sample reaction kettle completely, closing the second valve and opening a stirrer to stir, enabling the baked soil and the zeolite powder to be mixed uniformly, and recording the temperature value of a thermometer;
E. Immersing the water inlet pipe into distilled water in the water injection tank, opening a sixth valve, slowly injecting distilled water into the cylinder body through the water inlet pipe, recording a flow reading V 0 on the second flowmeter, and closing the sixth valve; stirring by opening a stirrer to uniformly mix soil and water to form soil slurry;
F. opening a fourth valve and a seventh valve, under the action of gravity, enabling soil slurry in the soil sample reaction kettle to flow into a soil sample forming box, recording flow by a first flowmeter, and closing the seventh valve after the required soil slurry flows into the soil sample forming box;
G. Opening an eighth valve, and slowly pushing a pushing piston by using a jack to solidify and deform soil slurry until the required sample height of the soil sample is reached; after standing and the water head discharged into the high-pressure conduit B is stable and unchanged for more than 24 hours, closing an eighth valve; removing the soil slurry communication pipe and the high-pressure guide pipe B, and integrally moving the soil sample forming box into a freezing chamber for freezing forming; after forming, unscrewing a die bottom cover of the soil sample forming box, pushing out the soil sample through a pushing piston, and rapidly mounting the soil sample on a base of the geotechnical triaxial apparatus; controlling the back pressure to be less than or equal to 200kPa through a triaxial test system; after the soil sample is melted, the water in the pores of the soil sample slowly displaces N 2 gas in the zeolite until the water is stable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The device can be used for preparing gas-containing soil samples with different densities, which are not limited by density conditions and meet the indoor geotechnical experiment requirements, in batches and quantitatively.
(2) The sample preparation device utilizes water in sample pores to replace N 2 gas in zeolite, the content of N 2 gas is proportioned through zeolite powder, soil slurry with accurate data is proportioned through each flowmeter, then the metered soil slurry is introduced into a soil sample forming box, the soil slurry is solidified and deformed through a pushing piston with scales, a soil sample with required sample height is obtained, and the gas-containing soil sample with different densities is prepared.
(3) The invention has wide application range, is not only suitable for coarse-grain sand, but also suitable for fine-grain cohesive soil, and is not limited by the density condition of the prepared sample; meanwhile, the device has the advantages of uniform soil sample gas content, repeatable sample preparation, high manufacturing efficiency, convenient device installation and low cost.
(4) The invention can prepare various gas-containing soil samples (such as one-dimensional compression test, triaxial test, cyclic shear test and the like) required by geotechnical tests by replacing soil sample forming boxes with different sizes, is suitable for preparing the gas-containing soil samples in batches in a short time, and is used for researching different mechanical properties of the gas-containing soil in geotechnical tests.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the zeolite reaction vessel in fig. 1.
Wherein, the names corresponding to the reference numerals in the drawings are:
The device comprises a 1-zeolite reaction kettle, 100-first valves, 101-first vacuum pressure gauges, 102-zeolite sealing covers, 103-first bolts, 104-zeolite powder, 105-tank bodies, 106-second valves, 107-high-pressure guide pipes A, 108-air inlet pipes B, 2-soil sample reaction kettles, 200-thermometers, 201-third valves, 202-second bolts, 203-soil sample sealing covers, 204-stirrers, 205-cylinder bodies, 206-soil samples, 207-fourth valves, 208-first flow meters, 209-second vacuum pressure gauges, 210-fifth valves, 211-air inlet pipes A, 212-second flow meters, 213-water inlet pipes, 214-sixth valves, 215-high-pressure guide pipes B, 3-soil sample forming boxes, 300-seventh valves, 301-mold top covers, 302-forming molds, 303-filter papers, 304-mold bottom covers, 305-eighth valves, 306-scale marks, 307-pushing pistons, 308-third vacuum pressure gauges, 309-permeable stones, 4-soil slurry communication pipes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the variable density gas-containing soil sample preparation device based on zeolite replacement reaction comprises a zeolite reaction kettle 1, a soil sample reaction kettle 2 and a soil sample forming box 3, wherein the bottom of the zeolite reaction kettle 1 is communicated with the middle part of the soil sample reaction kettle 2 through a high-pressure conduit A107, an air inlet pipe B108 and a first vacuum pressure gauge 101 are communicated with the top of the zeolite reaction kettle 1, and a first valve 100 is arranged on the air inlet pipe B108. The top of the soil sample reaction kettle 2 is communicated with the bottom of the soil sample forming box 3 through a high-pressure guide pipe B215, a third valve 201 is arranged at the position, close to the top of the soil sample reaction kettle 2, of the high-pressure guide pipe B215, and an eighth valve 305 is arranged at the position, close to the bottom of the soil sample forming box 3, of the high-pressure guide pipe B215. The stirrer 204 is correspondingly arranged in the soil sample reaction kettle 2, the top of the soil sample reaction kettle 2 is communicated with an air inlet pipe A211 and a second vacuum pressure gauge 209, a fifth valve 210 is arranged on the air inlet pipe A211, and the thermometer 200 is arranged in the soil sample reaction kettle 2. The bottom of the soil sample reaction kettle 2 is communicated with a water inlet pipe 213, and a second flowmeter 212 and a sixth valve 214 are correspondingly arranged on the water inlet pipe 213. The bottom of the soil sample reaction kettle 2 is communicated with the top of the soil sample forming box 3 through a soil slurry communication pipe 4, and a fourth valve 207, a first flowmeter 208 and a seventh valve 300 are sequentially arranged on the soil slurry communication pipe 4 from top to bottom. The soil sample shaping box 3 bottom intercommunication is equipped with third vacuum pressure gauge 308, and soil sample shaping box 3 includes mould top cap 301, moulded die 302 and mould bottom cover 304, and mould top cap 301 detachable seal installs in moulded die 302 top, and mould bottom cover 304 detachable seal installs in moulded die 302 bottom, and mould top cap 301 is equipped with the pushing piston 307 of taking the scale. The soil sample forming box 3 is internally provided with a permeable stone 309 and a filter paper 303 in sequence from bottom to top. The end of the high-pressure conduit B215 is communicated with the bottom cover 304, the bottom end of the soil slurry communication pipe 4 is communicated with the top cover 301, and the third vacuum pressure gauge 308 is communicated with the bottom of the forming die 302.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the zeolite reaction kettle 1 comprises a tank body 105 and a zeolite sealing cover 102 which is hermetically covered on the top tank opening of the tank body 105, and the zeolite sealing cover 102 is fixedly connected to the top of the tank body 105 through a plurality of first bolts 103. The bottom of the tank 105 is funnel-shaped, a second valve 106 is arranged at a position of the high-pressure conduit A107 close to the bottom of the tank 105, and the air inlet pipe B108 and the first vacuum pressure gauge 101 are communicated and arranged on the zeolite sealing cover 102.
As shown in fig. 1, the pushing piston 307 comprises a pushing rod, a pushing handle and a pushing piston plate, the pushing rod is installed on the top cover 301 in a penetrating manner, the pushing handle is fixed at the top end of the pushing rod, the pushing piston plate is fixed at the bottom end of the pushing rod, the pushing piston plate is matched and located inside the forming die 302, the pushing handle is located outside the soil sample forming box 3, and scale marks 306 are arranged on the pushing rod along the height direction.
As shown in fig. 1, the soil sample reaction kettle 2 comprises a cylinder 205 and a soil sample sealing cover 203 hermetically covered on the top cylinder mouth of the cylinder 205, and the soil sample sealing cover 203 is fixedly connected with the top of the cylinder 205 through a plurality of second bolts 202. The air inlet pipe A211 and the second vacuum pressure gauge 209 are both communicated and arranged on the soil sample sealing cover 203, and the end part of the high-pressure guide pipe B215 is communicated and arranged on the soil sample sealing cover 203.
The invention also comprises a vacuum pump, an N 2 storage tank and a water injection tank, wherein the vacuum pump is provided with a vacuumizing pipe, the vacuumizing pipe of the vacuum pump is respectively corresponding to the air inlet pipe A211 and the air inlet pipe B108, the N 2 storage tank is provided with an air outlet pipe, and the air outlet pipe of the N 2 storage tank is respectively corresponding to the air inlet pipe A211 and the air inlet pipe B108.
As shown in FIG. 1, the stirrer 204 of the invention comprises a stirring motor, a stirring shaft and stirring paddles, wherein the stirring shaft is rotatably and penetratingly arranged on the soil sample sealing cover 203, a plurality of stirring paddles are cooperatively arranged on the stirring shaft, all stirring paddles are positioned in the cylinder 205, the stirring motor is arranged on the soil sample sealing cover 203, and a power output shaft of the stirring motor is in power connection with the stirring shaft.
A preparation method of a variable density gas-containing soil sample based on zeolite displacement reaction comprises the following steps:
A. The saturated permeable stone 309 and the filter paper 303 are placed on the mold bottom cover 304 in order from bottom to top, the mold top cover 301 and the mold bottom cover 304 are used to seal the mold 302 to form the closed soil sample molding box 3, and the mass m 0 of the soil sample molding box 3 at this time is weighed. The soil sample reaction kettle 2 is installed, the baked soil with the mass of m 1 is put into the cylinder 205, and the soil sample sealing cover 203 is closed and covered. The zeolite reaction kettle 1 is installed, the dried zeolite powder 104 with the mass of m 1 is put into the zeolite reaction kettle 1, and the zeolite sealing cover 102 is closed and covered.
B. The zeolite reaction kettle 1 is communicated with the soil sample reaction kettle 2 through a high-pressure conduit A107, the soil sample reaction kettle 2 is communicated with the soil sample forming box 3 through a high-pressure conduit B215, a vacuumizing pipe of a vacuum pump is respectively communicated with the air inlet pipe A211 and the air inlet pipe B108 in a sealing way, a fourth valve 207 and a sixth valve 214 are closed, a first valve 100, a third valve 201, a fifth valve 210, a seventh valve 300 and an eighth valve 305 are opened, and a vacuum pump is started to exhaust air in the zeolite reaction kettle 1, the soil sample reaction kettle 2, the soil sample forming box 3 and the baked soil; when the first vacuum pressure gauge 101, the second vacuum pressure gauge 209 and the third vacuum pressure gauge 308 are all close to-100 kPa, the air suction is continued for not less than 1.5 hours, and then the first valve 100 and the fifth valve 210 are closed.
C. The air inlet pipe A211 and the air inlet pipe B108 are respectively connected with a high-purity N 2 storage tank, and a decompression valve of the N 2 storage tank is adjusted to maintain the pressure at 300kPa. The first valve 100 and the fifth valve 210 are opened, and after the first vacuum pressure gauge 101 and the second vacuum pressure gauge 209 are stabilized at 300kPa, the first valve 100 and the fifth valve 210 are closed, and the first vacuum pressure gauge and the second vacuum pressure gauge are left for 12 hours, and the pressure is kept not to be significantly reduced.
D. The second valve 106 is opened to enable the zeolite powder 104 in the tank 105 to fall into the soil sample reaction kettle 2 completely, then the second valve 106 is closed and the stirrer 204 is opened to stir, so that the baked soil and the zeolite powder 104 are mixed uniformly, and the temperature value of the thermometer 200 is recorded.
E. The inlet pipe 213 is immersed in the distilled water in the water filling tank, the sixth valve 214 is opened, the distilled water is gradually filled into the cylinder 205 from the inlet pipe 213, the flow reading V 0 on the second flowmeter 212 is recorded, and the sixth valve 214 is closed. The stirrer 204 is turned on to stir, so that the soil and the water are uniformly mixed to form soil slurry.
F. The fourth valve 207 and the seventh valve 300 are opened, the soil slurry in the soil sample reaction kettle 2 flows into the soil sample forming box 3 under the action of gravity, flow recording is carried out through the first flowmeter 208, and after the required soil slurry flows into the soil sample forming box 3, the seventh valve 300 is closed.
G. Opening an eighth valve 305, and slowly pushing a pushing piston 307 by a jack to solidify and deform soil slurry until the required sample height of the soil sample 206 is reached; after standing and waiting for the water head discharged into the high-pressure conduit B215 to stabilize and be more than 24 hours, closing the eighth valve 305; and removing the soil slurry communication pipe 4 and the high-pressure guide pipe B215, and integrally moving the soil sample forming box 3 into a freezing chamber for freezing and forming. After molding, unscrewing the bottom die cover 304 of the soil sample molding box 3, pushing out the soil sample 206 through the pushing piston 307, and rapidly mounting the soil sample 206 on the base of the geotechnical triaxial apparatus; controlling the back pressure to be less than or equal to 200kPa through a triaxial test system; after the soil sample is melted, water in the pores of the soil sample 206 slowly replaces N 2 gas adsorbed in the zeolite powder until the water is stable.
Example two
In the embodiment, the seabed clay (particle size is smaller than 0.075mm, maximum specific gravity Gs is 2.73), the aerated soil is prepared according to the zeolite replacement principle disclosed in the patent 'variable pressure controllable gas replacement reaction device and application thereof in the preparation of aerated soil samples (patent number ZL 201310752757.1)', the zeolite doping amount is 5 percent, the aerated soft soil triaxial soil samples with different initial densities (experimental requirements: dry density is 1.60g/cm 3、1.65g/cm3 and 1.70g/cm 3 respectively) (experimental requirements: diameter d is 50mm, height h is 100mm, volume is 196.34cm 3) are prepared, and the invention can be also applied to the preparation of the aerated soft soil triaxial soil samples required by other geotechnical experiments; the test is carried out in a constant temperature indoor environment, and the specific sample preparation is carried out according to the following steps:
First step, device assembly
(1) Sealing the forming die 302 by using a die top cover 301 and a die bottom cover 304 to form a closed soil sample forming box 3, sequentially placing saturated permeable stones 308 and filter papers 303 on the die bottom cover 303 from bottom to top, and weighing the mass m 0 of the empty soil sample forming box 3, namely:
m0＝2620.66g
(2) The zeolite reaction kettle 1 and the soil sample reaction kettle 2 are communicated in a sealing way by a high-pressure conduit A107, the soil sample reaction kettle 2 and the soil sample forming box 3 are communicated in a sealing way by a high-pressure conduit B215, the fourth valve 207 and the sixth valve 214 are closed, and the first valve 100, the third valve 201, the fifth valve 210, the seventh valve 300 and the eighth valve 305 are opened.
Second step, sample preparation
(1) Placing 4750g of baked soil into a soil sample reaction kettle 2, placing 250g of baked zeolite powder 104 into a zeolite reaction kettle 1, wherein the mass of the mixed soil formed by the baked soil and the zeolite powder 104 is 4750g+250g=5000 g, namely 5kg; the top of the zeolite reaction kettle 1 is covered with a zeolite sealing cover 102, the first bolt 103 is screwed to be sealed and fixed, the top of the soil sample reaction kettle 2 is covered with a soil sample sealing cover 202, and the second bolt 202 is screwed to be sealed and fixed.
(2) And (3) hermetically communicating vacuumizing pipes of a vacuum pump with the air inlet pipe A211 and the air inlet pipe B108 respectively, closing the fourth valve 207 and the sixth valve 214, opening the first valve 100, the third valve 201, the fifth valve 210, the seventh valve 300 and the eighth valve 305, starting the vacuum pump to exhaust air in the zeolite reaction kettle 1, the soil sample reaction kettle 2 and the soil sample forming box 3, and continuously pumping air for not less than 1.5 hours after the first vacuum pressure gauge 101, the second vacuum pressure gauge 209 and the third vacuum pressure gauge 308 are close to-100 kPa, and then closing the first valve 100 and the fifth valve 210.
(3) The air inlet pipe A211 and the air inlet pipe B108 are respectively connected with a high-purity N 2 storage tank, and a decompression valve of the N 2 storage tank is regulated to maintain the pressure at 300kPa; the first valve 100 and the fifth valve 210 are opened, and after the first vacuum pressure gauge 101 and the second vacuum pressure gauge 209 are stabilized at 300kPa, the first valve 100 and the fifth valve 210 are closed, and the first vacuum pressure gauge and the second vacuum pressure gauge are left for 12 hours, and the pressure is kept not to be significantly reduced.
(4) Opening the second valve 106 to enable the zeolite powder 104 in the tank 105 to fall into the soil sample reaction kettle 2 completely, closing the second valve 106, opening the stirrer 204, and stirring to enable the baked soil and the zeolite powder 104 to be mixed uniformly; the stirrer 209 was stopped and the temperature value of the thermometer 200 was recorded as 25 ℃ (indoor temperature).
(5) Immersing the water inlet pipe 213 into distilled water (density ρ Water and its preparation method of distilled water is 1g/cm 3) in the water injection tank, opening the sixth valve 214, allowing distilled water in the water injection tank to be slowly injected into the cylinder 205 through the water inlet pipe 213, recording a flow reading V 0,V0 =5l on the second flowmeter 212, and closing the sixth valve 214; stirring by turning on a stirrer 204 to uniformly mix soil and water to form soil slurry;
the flow rate V 0 = 5L of distilled water recorded by the second flowmeter 212;
the quality of the water filling m Water and its preparation method =5 kg is calculated according to the formula m Water and its preparation method ＝V0×ρ Water and its preparation method :
Third step, shaping the soil sample
(1) Determination of soil slurry density
The fourth valve 207 and the seventh valve 300 are opened, under the action of gravity, the soil slurry in the soil sample reaction kettle 2 flows into the soil sample forming box 3, flow recording is carried out through the first flow meter 208 (the flow is cleared before use), and when the reading of the first flow meter 208 is 100ml, the seventh valve 300 is closed;
At this time, the volume V 2＝100cm3 of the soil slurry entering the forming die 302 from the cylinder 205;
(2) The sample box 3 and the internal soil slurry are weighed, and the total mass is m 1:
m1＝2796.11g
(3) Calculating the density rho of the soil slurry according to a density rho formula in soil mechanics, namely:
wherein, rho is the density (g/cm 3) of the soil slurry;
m-mass of soil slurry (g);
v-soil slurry volume (cm 3).
Mass m=m 1-m0 = 2796.11-2620.66 = 175.45g, volume v=v 2＝100cm3. Density p= 175.45 ++100= 1.7545g/cm 3 of the slurry (i.e. slurry density ρ Pulp is 1.7545g/cm 3).
The water content w of the soil slurry is calculated according to the formula of the water content w, namely:
Wherein, w is the water content of the soil slurry;
m w -mass of water (g);
m s -mass of dry soil (g).
The mass m w＝m Water and its preparation method ＝V0×ρ Water and its preparation method ＝5kg,ms = 4750g+250g = 5000g = 5kg of water, and the water content w of the obtained soil slurry is 100%.
The dry density ρ d of the slurry is calculated according to the dry density ρ d formula, namely:
ρd＝ρ/(1+w)；
The density rho Pulp of the soil slurry is 1.7545g/cm 3, the dry density rho d is 0.877g/cm 3, and the dry density rho d keeps three digits after decimal point;
The three-axis soil samples of the aerated soft soil with the dry density of 1.60g/cm 3、1.65g/cm3 and 1.70g/cm 3 (the diameter d is 50mm, the height h is 100mm, the volume V 2 is 196.34cm 3) are respectively prepared by soil slurry with the dry density rho d of 0.877g/cm 3 and the water content w of 100%, and the mass (two digits after the decimal point retention is calculated) of the three dry soil required by the different densities are respectively as follows according to a density formula m d＝ρd XV:
The dry soil mass m d1＝V2 x 1.60= 314.14g required by the aerated soft soil triaxial soil sample with the dry density of 1.60g/cm 3,
The dry soil mass m d2＝V2 x 1.65= 324.16g required by the aerated soft soil triaxial soil sample with the dry density of 1.65g/cm 3,
The dry soil mass m d3＝V2 x 1.70= 333.78g required by the aerated soft soil triaxial soil sample with the dry density of 1.70g/cm 3,
Wherein m d1、md2、md3 is the mass of dry soil corresponding to dry density 1.60g/cm 3、1.65g/cm3 and dry soil corresponding to dry density 1.70g/cm 3, and the mass of the soil slurry required by m=m d (1+w) (the soil slurry with dry density ρ d of 0.877g/cm 3 and water content w of 100% is the soil slurry prepared in the embodiment) is respectively:
The mass of the soil slurry required by the triaxial soil sample of the aerated soft soil with the dry density of 1.60g/cm 3 is m 2＝md1 x 2= 628.28g,
The mass of the soil slurry required by the triaxial soil sample of the aerated soft soil with the dry density of 1.65g/cm 3 is m 3＝md2 x 2= 648.32g,
The mass of the soil slurry required for the gas-containing soft soil triaxial soil sample with the dry density of 1.70g/cm 3 is m 4＝md3 x 2= 667.56g,
The slurry density ρ Pulp prepared in this example was 1.7545g/cm 3 byThe density formula can calculate the corresponding soil slurry volumes (two digits after the decimal point is calculated) needed by m 2、m3 and m 4 as follows:
The soil slurry volume V 2＝358.10cm3 = 358.10ml required by the gas-containing soft soil triaxial soil sample with the dry density of 1.60g/cm 3,
The soil slurry volume V 3＝369.52cm3 = 369.52ml required by the gas-containing soft soil triaxial soil sample with the dry density of 1.65g/cm 3,
The soil slurry volume V 4＝380.48cm3 = 380.48ml required by the gas-containing soft soil triaxial soil sample with the dry density of 1.70g/cm 3,
Thus, the flow rates of the soil slurries required to prepare soil samples 210 having dry densities of 1.60g/cm 3、1.65g/cm3 and 1.70g/cm 3 are respectively: 358.10ml, 369.52ml and 380.48ml.
(4) The fifth valve 300 is opened to allow the soil slurry in the soil sample reaction kettle 2 to continuously flow into the soil sample forming box 3, and when the reading of the first flowmeter 208 is changed from 100ml to 358.10ml (or 369.52ml and 380.48 ml), the fifth valve 300 is closed. Opening an eighth valve 305, slowly pushing a pushing piston 307 by a jack to solidify and compress soil slurry in the soil sample forming box 3 until a scale mark 306 on a pushing rod is 100mm (the height of a sample is 100 mm), standing and keeping a water head discharged into the high-pressure guide pipe B215 stable and unchanged for more than 24 hours; closing the first valve 201, the fourth valve 207, the eighth valve 305; removing the conduits at the outer ends of the fifth valve 300 and the eighth valve 305; the soil sample forming box 3 is moved into a freezing chamber for freezing forming. After molding, unscrewing the bottom die cover 304 of the soil sample molding box 3, pushing out the sample through the pushing piston 307, and rapidly mounting the soil sample 206 on the base of the geotechnical triaxial apparatus; controlling the back pressure to be less than or equal to 200kPa by adopting a triaxial test system; after the soil sample 206 is melted, the water in the pores of the soil sample 206 slowly displaces the N 2 gas in the zeolite powder 104 until the water is stable. According to the recorded volume, temperature and pressure, the relationship between the pressure and the amount of N 2 in the soil sample 206 was determined by Henry's law, thereby achieving the preparation of a gas-containing soil sample with an initial dry density of 1.60g/cm 3 (or 1.65g/cm 3、1.70g/cm3).
In addition to the preparation of the air-containing soft soil triaxial soil sample required by the geotechnical test in the embodiment (the test requires that the diameter d is 50mm, the height h is 100mm, the volume V 2 is 196.34cm 3, the dry density is 1.60, 1.65 and 1.70g/cm 3 respectively), the air-containing soft soil triaxial soil sample with other specifications required by the geotechnical test can be prepared, and the preparation method of the air-containing soft soil triaxial soil sample is only exemplified by the preparation of the air-containing soft soil triaxial soil sample (the test requires that the diameter d is 50mm, the height h is 100mm, the volume V 2 is 196.34cm 3, and the dry density is 1.60, 1.65 and 1.70g/cm 3 respectively).
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a variable density contains gas soil sample preparation facilities based on zeolite displacement reaction which characterized in that: the method comprises a zeolite reaction kettle (1), a soil sample reaction kettle (2) and a soil sample forming box (3), wherein the bottom of the zeolite reaction kettle (1) is communicated with the middle part of the soil sample reaction kettle (2) through a high-pressure conduit A (107), an air inlet pipe B (108) and a first vacuum pressure gauge (101) are communicated with the top of the zeolite reaction kettle (1), and a first valve (100) is arranged on the air inlet pipe B (108); the top of the soil sample reaction kettle (2) is communicated with the bottom of the soil sample forming box (3) through a high-pressure guide pipe B (215), a third valve (201) is arranged at the position, close to the top of the soil sample reaction kettle (2), of the high-pressure guide pipe B (215), and an eighth valve (305) is arranged at the position, close to the bottom of the soil sample forming box (3), of the high-pressure guide pipe B (215); the soil sample reaction kettle (2) is correspondingly provided with a stirrer (204), the top of the soil sample reaction kettle (2) is communicated with an air inlet pipe A (211) and a second vacuum pressure gauge (209), a fifth valve (210) is arranged on the air inlet pipe A (211), and a thermometer (200) is arranged in the soil sample reaction kettle (2); the bottom of the soil sample reaction kettle (2) is communicated with a water inlet pipe (213), and a second flowmeter (212) and a sixth valve (214) are correspondingly arranged on the water inlet pipe (213); the bottom of the soil sample reaction kettle (2) is communicated with the top of the soil sample forming box (3) through a soil slurry communication pipe (4), and a fourth valve (207), a first flowmeter (208) and a seventh valve (300) are sequentially arranged on the soil slurry communication pipe (4) from top to bottom; the soil sample forming box (3) is provided with a third vacuum pressure gauge (308) in a communicating manner at the bottom, the soil sample forming box (3) comprises a die top cover (301), a forming die (302) and a die bottom cover (304), the die top cover (301) is detachably and hermetically arranged at the top of the forming die (302), the die bottom cover (304) is detachably and hermetically arranged at the bottom of the forming die (302), and the die top cover (301) is provided with a pushing piston (307) with scales;
the zeolite reaction kettle (1) comprises a tank body (105) and a zeolite sealing cover (102) which is hermetically covered at the top tank opening of the tank body (105), wherein the zeolite sealing cover (102) is fixedly connected with the top of the tank body (105) through a plurality of first bolts (103); the bottom of the tank body (105) is funnel-shaped, a second valve (106) is arranged at the position, close to the bottom of the tank body (105), of the high-pressure conduit A (107), and the air inlet pipe B (108) and the first vacuum pressure gauge (101) are respectively communicated and arranged on the zeolite sealing cover (102).
2. The zeolite substitution reaction-based variable density gas-containing soil sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: the pushing piston (307) comprises a pushing rod, a pushing handle and a pushing piston plate, the pushing rod is installed on the top cover (301) in a penetrating mode, the pushing handle is fixed to the top end of the pushing rod, the pushing piston plate is fixed to the bottom end of the pushing rod, the pushing piston plate is matched with the forming die (302), the pushing handle is located outside the soil sample forming box (3), and scale marks (306) are arranged on the pushing rod in the height direction.
3. The zeolite substitution reaction-based variable density gas-containing soil sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: the soil sample reaction kettle (2) comprises a barrel (205) and a soil sample sealing cover (203) which is hermetically covered on the top barrel opening of the barrel (205), and the soil sample sealing cover (203) is fixedly connected with the top of the barrel (205) through a plurality of second bolts (202); the air inlet pipe A (211) and the second vacuum pressure gauge (209) are respectively communicated with and arranged on the soil sample sealing cover (203), and the end part of the high-pressure guide pipe B (215) is communicated with and arranged on the soil sample sealing cover (203).
4. The zeolite substitution reaction-based variable density gas-containing soil sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: the vacuum pump is provided with a vacuumizing pipe, the vacuumizing pipe of the vacuum pump corresponds to the air inlet pipe A (211) and the air inlet pipe B (108) respectively, the N 2 storage tank is provided with an air outlet pipe, and the air outlet pipe of the N 2 storage tank corresponds to the air inlet pipe A (211) and the air inlet pipe B (108) respectively.
5. The zeolite substitution reaction-based variable density gas-containing soil sample preparation device according to claim 4, wherein: the stirrer (204) comprises a stirring motor, a stirring shaft and stirring paddles, the stirring shaft rotates to penetrate through and is installed on the soil sample sealing cover (203), a plurality of stirring paddles are installed on the stirring shaft in a matched mode, all stirring paddles are located inside the cylinder (205), the stirring motor is installed on the soil sample sealing cover (203), and a power output shaft of the stirring motor is connected with the stirring shaft in a power mode.
6. The zeolite substitution reaction-based variable density gas-containing soil sample preparation device according to claim 1, wherein: the end part of the high-pressure conduit B (215) is communicated with the die bottom cover (304), the bottom end of the soil slurry communication pipe (4) is communicated with the die top cover (301), and the third vacuum pressure gauge (308) is communicated with the bottom of the forming die (302).
7. The zeolite substitution reaction-based preparation method of the variable-density gas-containing soil sample is applied to the zeolite substitution reaction-based preparation device of the variable-density gas-containing soil sample, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. Sequentially placing saturated permeable stone (309) and filter paper (303) on a mold bottom cover (304), sealing a forming mold (302) through a mold top cover (301) and the mold bottom cover (304) to form a closed soil sample forming box (3), and weighing the total mass m 0 of the soil sample forming box (3) at the moment; the soil sample reaction kettle (2) is installed, the baked soil with the mass of m 1 is put into the cylinder (205), and the soil sample sealing cover (203) is closed and covered; the zeolite reaction kettle (1) is installed, the dried zeolite powder (104) with the mass of m 1 is put into the zeolite reaction kettle (1), and the zeolite sealing cover (102) is closed and covered;
B. The zeolite reaction kettle (1) is communicated with the soil sample reaction kettle (2) through a high-pressure conduit A (107), the soil sample reaction kettle (2) is communicated with the soil sample forming box (3) through a high-pressure conduit B (215), a vacuumizing pipe of a vacuum pump is respectively communicated with an air inlet pipe A (211) and an air inlet pipe B (108) in a sealing way, a fourth valve (207) and a sixth valve (214) are closed, a first valve (100), a third valve (201), a fifth valve (210) and a seventh valve (300) are opened, an eighth valve (305) are opened, and a vacuum pump is started to exhaust air in the zeolite reaction kettle (1), the soil sample reaction kettle (2) and the soil sample forming box (3); when the first vacuum pressure gauge (101), the second vacuum pressure gauge (209) and the third vacuum pressure gauge (308) are all close to-100 kPa, continuing to exhaust air for not less than 1.5 hours, and then closing the first valve (100) and the fifth valve (210);
C. The air inlet pipe A (211) and the air inlet pipe B (108) are respectively connected with a high-purity N 2 storage tank, and a decompression valve of the N 2 storage tank is regulated to maintain the pressure at 300kPa; opening the first valve (100) and the fifth valve (210), and closing the first valve (100) and the fifth valve (210) after the first vacuum pressure gauge (101) and the second vacuum pressure gauge (209) are stabilized at 300kPa;
D. Opening a second valve (106) to enable zeolite powder (104) in the tank body (105) to fall into the soil sample reaction kettle (2), then closing the second valve (106) and opening a stirrer (204) to stir, uniformly mixing the baked soil and the zeolite powder (104), and recording a temperature value of a thermometer (200);
E. Immersing a water inlet pipe (213) into distilled water in a water injection tank, opening a sixth valve (214), enabling distilled water to be slowly injected into the cylinder (205) through the water inlet pipe (213), recording a flow reading V 0 on a second flowmeter (212), and closing the sixth valve (214); stirring by opening a stirrer (204) to uniformly mix soil and water to form soil slurry;
F. Opening a fourth valve (207) and a seventh valve (300), under the action of gravity, enabling soil slurry in the soil sample reaction kettle (2) to flow into the soil sample forming box (3), recording flow by a first flowmeter (208), and closing the seventh valve (300) after the required soil slurry flows into the soil sample forming box (3);
G. Opening an eighth valve (305), and slowly pushing a pushing piston (307) by a jack to solidify and deform soil slurry until the required sample height of the soil sample (206) is reached; after standing and waiting for the water head discharged into the high-pressure conduit B (215) to be stable and unchanged for more than 24 hours, closing an eighth valve (305); removing the soil slurry communication pipe (4) and the high-pressure guide pipe B (215), and integrally moving the soil sample forming box (3) into a freezing chamber for freezing forming; after forming, unscrewing a die bottom cover (304) of the soil sample forming box (3), pushing out the soil sample (206) through a pushing piston (307), and rapidly mounting the soil sample (206) on a base of the geotechnical triaxial apparatus; and controlling the back pressure to be less than or equal to 200kPa through a triaxial test system, and gradually and slowly replacing N 2 gas adsorbed in the zeolite powder (104) by water in pores of the soil sample (206) until the water is stable after the soil sample (206) is melted.
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