CN111331981B - 一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜 - Google Patents
一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111331981B CN111331981B CN202010247889.9A CN202010247889A CN111331981B CN 111331981 B CN111331981 B CN 111331981B CN 202010247889 A CN202010247889 A CN 202010247889A CN 111331981 B CN111331981 B CN 111331981B
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- flame
- layer
- retardant
- electrostatic adsorption
- antioxidant
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Abstract
本发明属于装饰材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜，包括自上而下依次层叠的防划伤层、阻燃层、隔热基层和反射层，防划伤层由添加有纳米粉体的聚氨酯树脂经涂布固化后形成，阻燃层由阻燃材料和环氧树脂制成，隔热基层包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯，所述反射层由聚酰胺酸和无机粉体镀膜形成。本发明静电吸附阻燃薄膜的隔热基层使薄膜可以产生静电作用，易于贴附，使用无背胶静电技术，可反复使用。表面的防划伤层采用环保材料，防水防热隔油，擦洗方便，能够增加玻璃强度，防止玻璃破碎四溅伤人。阻燃层，能够阻止薄膜快速燃烧，提升安全性能。反射层能够隔热防晒，有效阻隔实现保护隐私，同时降低室内温度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于装饰材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜。
背景技术
塑胶薄膜是我们日常生活中常见的生活用品之一，其塑胶薄膜的种类繁多，可以根据材质进行分类，也可以根据使用途径进行分类，还可以根据形状进行分类。由于塑胶薄膜可以设置不同的花纹图案，得到很多消费者的喜爱，塑胶薄膜通常会用来当作装饰物。用于玻璃上贴膜或者桌上用桌垫。但目前生活中常用的塑胶薄膜在使用过程中常出现一些问题，比如附着力小、不易与物品表面贴附，易在薄膜与塑胶薄膜间产生气泡，另外一点就是不具备阻燃的效果，如果一旦发送火灾后果非常严重。在使用时如果发生火灾，不具有阻燃性能的薄膜会助长火灾的蔓延，导致火势加重，给救援增加困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：针对现有技术的不足，提供一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜，采用静电吸附技术，易于贴合，吸附作用强，而且具有阻燃功能，能够防止薄膜快速燃烧，避免火灾的形成。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜，包括自上而下依次层叠的防划伤层、阻燃层、隔热基层和反射层，所述防划伤层由添加有纳米粉体的聚氨酯树脂经涂布固化后形成，所述阻燃层由阻燃材料和环氧树脂制成，所述隔热基层包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯，所述反射层由聚酰胺酸和无机粉体镀膜形成。
作为本发明所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的一种改进，所述纳米粉体包括纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅、纳米三氧化二铝中的至少一种。纳米粉体具有自洁功能，能够减轻现有技术中表面易沾染油污和手指印等问题。
作为本发明所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的一种改进，所述聚氨酯树脂由异氰酸酯和含羟基或氨基的化合物缩合而成。分子结构中含有氨基甲酸酯重复单元的聚合物，聚氨酯分子间易形成氢键，由于这些氢键的作用以及聚氨酯分子固化时的交联作用，聚氨酯树脂具有优异的性能如物理机械性能好、涂膜尖硬、柔韧性好、亮度高、耐磨性优异、附着力好、耐腐蚀性强，聚氨酯具有一定的柔韧性，易于在薄膜等软基材上使用，具有较好的附着力。
作为本发明所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的一种改进，所述环氧树脂包括双酚A型环氧氯丙烷树脂、双酚F型环氧氯丙烷树脂、脂环族环氧树脂和缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂中的至少一种。
作为本发明所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的一种改进，所述阻燃材料还包括无水亚磷酸盐和硼酸盐中的至少一种。所述无水亚磷酸盐为无水亚磷酸钠、无水亚磷酸钾、无水亚磷酸镁中的至少一种，所述硼酸盐为硼酸铝、硼酸锌、硼酸钠、硼酸铵中的至少一种。加入无水亚磷酸盐和硼酸盐能够进一步提高防火涂层的耐热温度，增强阻燃效果。
作为本发明所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的一种改进，所述隔热基层中还包括溶剂、抗氧化剂、均质油和液体硅胶中的至少一种。上述物质能够增大比表面积，减少制备过程中的结晶析出，提高薄膜的透明度。其中，抗氧化剂包括受阻酚类抗氧化剂和亚磷酸酯类抗氧化剂，其中，受阻酚类抗氧化剂为2，6-二丁基四甲酚、抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂1076中的至少一种，所述亚磷酸酯类抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂TNP和抗氧化剂TPP中的至少一种。
作为本发明所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的一种改进，所述无机粉体包括二氧化硅、氧化锌、三氧化二铝、氧化铁和氧化钛中的至少一种。将无机粉体和聚酰胺酸杂化形成反射层，能够提高静电吸附阻燃薄膜的防紫外效果。
作为本发明所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的一种改进，所述静电吸附阻燃薄膜的厚度为0.04~3mm。
作为本发明所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的一种改进，所述静电吸附阻燃薄膜的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯加热熔化混合后，注塑脱模，制得隔热基层；
（2）将环氧树脂和聚磷酸铵以及三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐高温搅拌混合均匀，加入固化剂，再浇注到模具中，固化后再挤压拉伸，得到阻燃层；
（3）将纳米粉体通过行星球磨机均匀分散在无水乙醇中，再与聚氨酯树脂进行复配，得到防划伤层；
（4）将无机粉体添加到聚酰胺酸溶液中，陈化镀膜，得到反射层；
（5）将防划伤层、阻燃层、隔热基层和反射层由上至下依次层叠，放入覆膜机中进行覆膜，得到静电吸附阻燃薄膜。
作为本发明所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的一种改进，在步骤（4）中，在陈化镀膜后，还包括加热处理。
本发明的有益效果包括但不限于：本发明提供一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜，包括自上而下依次层叠的防划伤层、阻燃层、隔热基层和反射层，所述防划伤层由添加有纳米粉体的聚氨酯树脂经涂布固化后形成，所述阻燃层由阻燃材料和环氧树脂制成，所述隔热基层包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯，所述反射层由聚酰胺酸和无机粉体镀膜形成。本发明静电吸附阻燃薄膜的隔热基层使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯，使薄膜可以产生静电作用，易于贴附，经济实惠材质环保，使用无背胶静电技术，可反复使用，吸附能力强，不产生挥发性气味，杜绝污染，保护身体健康。表面的防划伤层采用环保材料，防水防热隔油，擦洗方便，能够增加玻璃强度，防止玻璃破碎四溅伤人。阻燃层，能够阻止薄膜快速燃烧，提升安全性能。反射层能够隔热防晒，有效阻隔实现保护隐私，同时降低室内温度，节省空调费用还柔和光线，适用于推拉窗户、柜门玻璃、阳台玻璃、厨房玻璃窗、窗户玻璃和浴室玻璃等。
附图说明
图1为实施例1静电吸附阻燃薄膜的结构示意图。
图中：1-防划伤层，2-阻燃层，3-隔热基层，4-反射层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明，但不作为对本发明的限定。
如图1所示，一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜，包括自上而下依次层叠的防划伤层1、阻燃层2、隔热基层3和反射层4，防划伤层1由添加有纳米粉体的聚氨酯树脂经涂布固化后形成，阻燃层2由阻燃材料和环氧树脂拉伸制成，隔热基层3包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯，反射层4由聚酰胺酸和无机粉体镀膜形成。
进一步地，纳米粉体包括纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅、纳米三氧化二铝中的至少一种。纳米粉体具有自洁功能，能够减轻现有技术中表面易沾染油污和手指印等问题。
进一步地，聚氨酯树脂由异氰酸酯和含羟基或氨基的化合物缩合而成。分子结构中含有氨基甲酸酯重复单元的聚合物，聚氨酯分子间易形成氢键，由于这些氢键的作用以及聚氨酯分子固化时的交联作用，聚氨酯树脂具有优异的性能如物理机械性能好、涂膜尖硬、柔韧性好、亮度高、耐磨性优异、附着力好、耐腐蚀性强，聚氨酯具有一定的柔韧性，易于在薄膜等软基材上使用，具有较好的附着力。
进一步地，阻燃材料包括聚磷酸铵和三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐，环氧树脂包括双酚A型环氧氯丙烷树脂、双酚F型环氧氯丙烷树脂、脂环族环氧树脂和缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂中的至少一种。
进一步地，阻燃材料还包括无水亚磷酸盐和硼酸盐中的至少一种。无水亚磷酸盐为无水亚磷酸钠、无水亚磷酸钾、无水亚磷酸镁中的至少一种，硼酸盐为硼酸铝、硼酸锌、硼酸钠、硼酸铵中的至少一种。加入无水亚磷酸盐和硼酸盐能够进一步提高防火涂层的耐热温度，增强阻燃效果。
进一步地，隔热基层3中还包括溶剂、抗氧化剂、均质油和液体硅胶中的至少一种。上述物质能够增大比表面积，减少制备过程中的结晶析出，提高薄膜的透明度。其中，抗氧化剂包括受阻酚类抗氧化剂和亚磷酸酯类抗氧化剂，其中，受阻酚类抗氧化剂为2，6-二丁基四甲酚、抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂1076中的至少一种，亚磷酸酯类抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂TNP和抗氧化剂TPP中的至少一种。
进一步地，无机粉体包括二氧化硅、氧化锌、三氧化二铝、氧化铁和氧化钛中的至少一种。将无机粉体和聚酰胺酸杂化形成反射层4，能够提高静电吸附阻燃薄膜的防紫外效果。
进一步地，静电吸附阻燃薄膜的厚度为0.04~3mm。
实施例1
一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜的制备：
（1）将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯加入到高速熔炼机中，加热使其熔化，待混合均匀后加入均质油、抗氧化剂、液体硅胶和溶剂，均匀混合后加入到高速分散机，制得隔热基层胶料，将隔热基层胶料注入到注塑模具中，进行5~10MPa的压力保压5~10min，再降至室温进行脱模，制得隔热基层。
（2）聚磷酸铵的聚合度大于1000，将双酚A型环氧氯丙烷树脂和聚磷酸铵以及三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐在90℃高温搅拌混合均匀，加入固化剂，再浇注到模具中，50℃固化8h，再挤压拉伸，制成阻燃层。
（3）将2%的纳米二氧化钛、1.5%的纳米三氧化二铝和1.5%的纳米二氧化硅通过行星球磨机均匀分散到无水乙醇中，再与95%的聚氨酯树脂进行复配，得到防划伤层。
（4）以PMDA和ODA在110℃下干燥除去水分，在DMF中溶解反应，反应温度控制在20~65℃，搅拌转速500r/min，制得聚酰胺酸溶液；制备氧化锌无机粉体溶液，量取制备好的无机粉体溶液，添加到聚酰胺酸溶液中，搅拌反应后得到聚酰胺酸-无机粉体复合溶胶，将复合溶胶陈化一定时间，镀膜，加热使其亚胺化，得到聚酰胺酸杂化薄膜，得到反射层。
（5）将防划伤层、阻燃层、隔热基层和反射层由上至下依次层叠，放入覆膜机中进行覆膜，得到静电吸附阻燃薄膜。其中，薄膜的厚度为2mm。
本实施例中静电吸附阻燃薄膜的使用方法为：将平整的玻璃表面擦拭干净，向玻璃表面均匀地喷射去离子水，然后直接将静电吸附阻燃薄膜贴在玻璃上，静电吸附阻燃薄膜即可依靠自身的静电吸附作用附着在玻璃的表面，然后用尺或者卡片将水和气泡向静电吸附阻燃薄膜的四周刮除。另外，本实施例中的静电吸附阻燃薄膜还可轻松取下，任意吸附到别处的玻璃上进行重复使用。
实施例2
一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜的制备：
（1）将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯加入到高速熔炼机中，加热使其熔化，待混合均匀后加入均质油、抗氧化剂、液体硅胶和溶剂，均匀混合后加入到高速分散机，制得隔热基层胶料，将隔热基层胶料注入到注塑模具中，进行5~10MPa的压力保压5~10min，再降至室温进行脱模，制得隔热基层。
（2）聚磷酸铵的聚合度大于1000，将双酚F型环氧氯丙烷树脂、聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、无水亚硅酸钠和硼酸铝在90℃高温搅拌混合均匀，加入固化剂，再浇注到模具中，50℃固化8h，再挤压拉伸，制成阻燃层。
（3）将2%的纳米二氧化钛、1.5%的纳米三氧化二铝和1.5%的纳米二氧化硅通过行星球磨机均匀分散到无水乙醇中，再与95%的聚氨酯树脂进行复配，得到防划伤层。
（4）以PMDA和ODA在110℃下干燥除去水分，在DMF中溶解反应，反应温度控制在20~65℃，搅拌转速500r/min，制得聚酰胺酸溶液；量取制备好的氧化锌和三氧化二氯无机粉体溶液，添加到聚酰胺酸溶液中，搅拌反应后得到聚酰胺酸-无机粉体复合溶胶，将复合溶胶陈化一定时间，镀膜，加热使其亚胺化，得到聚酰胺酸杂化薄膜，得到反射层。
（5）将防划伤层、阻燃层、隔热基层和反射层由上至下依次层叠，放入覆膜机中进行覆膜，得到静电吸附阻燃薄膜。其中，薄膜的厚度为0.04mm。
实施例3
一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜的制备：
（1）将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯加入到高速熔炼机中，加热使其熔化，待混合均匀后加入均质油、抗氧化剂、液体硅胶和溶剂，均匀混合后加入到高速分散机，制得隔热基层胶料，将隔热基层胶料注入到注塑模具中，进行5~10MPa的压力保压5~10min，再降至室温进行脱模，制得隔热基层。
（2）聚磷酸铵的聚合度大于1000，将脂环族环氧树脂、聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、无水亚硅酸钾和硼酸锌在90℃高温搅拌混合均匀，加入固化剂，再浇注到模具中，50℃固化8h，再挤压拉伸，制成阻燃层。
（3）将2%的纳米二氧化钛、1.5%的纳米三氧化二铝和1.5%的纳米二氧化硅通过行星球磨机均匀分散到无水乙醇中，再与95%的聚氨酯树脂进行复配，得到防划伤层。
（4）以PMDA和ODA在110℃下干燥除去水分，在DMF中溶解反应，反应温度控制在20~65℃，搅拌转速500r/min，制得聚酰胺酸溶液；量取制备好的氧化锌和三氧化二氯无机粉体溶液，添加到聚酰胺酸溶液中，搅拌反应后得到聚酰胺酸-无机粉体复合溶胶，将复合溶胶陈化一定时间，镀膜，加热使其亚胺化，得到聚酰胺酸杂化薄膜，得到反射层。
（5）将防划伤层、阻燃层、隔热基层和反射层由上至下依次层叠，放入覆膜机中进行覆膜，得到静电吸附阻燃薄膜。其中，薄膜的厚度为3mm。
对比例1
与实施例1不同的是，不包括阻燃层，其余与实施例1相同，这里不再赘述。
对比例2
与实施例2不同的是，不包括防划伤层，其余与实施例2相同，这里不再赘述。
对比例3
与实施例3不同的是，不包括反射层，其余与实施例3相同，这里不再赘述。
性能测试
（1）阻燃性能测试：将上述实施例1和对比例1制得的静电吸附阻燃薄膜做阻燃性能测试，在HC-2型氧指数测定仪上进行LOI测试，在M607型水平垂直燃烧测定仪上进行垂直燃烧测试。
测试结果为实施例1制备的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的LOI值超过30%，具有高难燃性，燃烧过程无融滴滴落。而对比例1制备的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的LOI值为18%，属于易燃材料，燃烧过程中烧滴严重。说明阻燃剂三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐在燃烧时形成的碳泡沫层可对薄膜起保护作用，绝热隔氧。聚磷酸铵受热会分解生成聚磷酸或聚偏磷酸，使静电吸附阻燃薄膜表面形成焦炭层，起到隔热、隔氧的屏蔽作用。
（2）划伤性能测试：将上述实施例2和对比例2制得的静电吸附阻燃薄膜做划伤性能测试。测试结果为实施例2的静电吸附阻燃薄膜表面洁净光滑，而对比例2制得的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的表面有伤痕，说明防划伤层能够有效保护薄膜，防止表面产生油污、划伤和手指印等。
（3）透光率测试：将上述实施例3和对比例3制得的静电吸附阻燃薄膜做透光率测试。测试结果为实施例3的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的紫外线阻隔率为99%，而对比例3静电吸附阻燃薄膜的紫外线阻隔率为96%，说明反射层能够有效吸收紫外光，从而满足隔热防晒的需求。
综上所述，本发明的静电吸附阻燃薄膜的隔热基层经济实惠材质环保，使用无背胶静电技术，可反复使用，吸附能力强，不产生挥发性气味，杜绝污染，保护身体健康。表面的防划伤层采用环保材料，防水防热隔油，擦洗方便，能够增加玻璃强度，防止玻璃破碎四溅伤人。阻燃层，能够阻止薄膜快速燃烧，提升安全性能。反射层能够隔热防晒，有效阻隔实现保护隐私，同时降低室内温度，节省空调费用还柔和光线，适用于推拉窗户、柜门玻璃、阳台玻璃、厨房玻璃窗、窗户玻璃和浴室玻璃等。
上述说明示出并描述了本发明的若干优选实施方式，但如前所述，应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施方式的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述发明构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围，则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种静电吸附阻燃薄膜，其特征在于，包括自上而下依次层叠的防划伤层、阻燃层、隔热基层和反射层，所述防划伤层由添加有纳米粉体的聚氨酯树脂经涂布固化后形成，所述阻燃层由阻燃材料和环氧树脂、固化剂制成，所述隔热基层包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯，所述反射层由聚酰胺酸和无机粉体镀膜形成；
所述隔热基层中还包括溶剂、抗氧化剂、均质油和液体硅胶，所述抗氧化剂包括受阻酚类抗氧化剂和亚磷酸酯类抗氧化剂，所述受阻酚类抗氧化剂为2，6-二丁基四甲酚、抗氧化剂1010和抗氧化剂1076中的至少一种，所述亚磷酸酯类抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂TNP和抗氧化剂TPP中的至少一种；
所述静电吸附阻燃薄膜的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚氯乙烯加热熔化混合后，加入所述溶剂、抗氧化剂、均质油和液体硅胶，注塑脱模，制得隔热基层；
（2）将环氧树脂和聚磷酸铵以及三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐高温搅拌混合均匀，加入固化剂，再浇注到模具中，固化后再挤压拉伸，得到阻燃层；
（3）将纳米粉体通过行星球磨机均匀分散在无水乙醇中，再与聚氨酯树脂进行复配，得到防划伤层；
（4）将无机粉体添加到聚酰胺酸溶液中，陈化镀膜，得到反射层；
（5）将防划伤层、阻燃层、隔热基层和反射层由上至下依次层叠，放入覆膜机中进行覆膜，得到静电吸附阻燃薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜，其特征在于，所述纳米粉体包括纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅、纳米三氧化二铝中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜，其特征在于，所述聚氨酯树脂由异氰酸酯和含羟基或氨基的化合物缩合而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂包括双酚A型环氧氯丙烷树脂、双酚F型环氧氯丙烷树脂、脂环族环氧树脂和缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜，其特征在于，所述阻燃材料还包括无水亚磷酸盐和硼酸盐中的至少一种，所述无水亚磷酸盐为无水亚磷酸钠、无水亚磷酸钾、无水亚磷酸镁中的至少一种，所述硼酸盐为硼酸铝、硼酸锌、硼酸钠、硼酸铵中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜，其特征在于，所述无机粉体包括二氧化硅、氧化锌、三氧化二铝、氧化铁和氧化钛中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜，其特征在于，所述静电吸附阻燃薄膜的厚度为0.04~3mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的静电吸附阻燃薄膜，其特征在于，在步骤（4）中，在陈化镀膜后，还包括加热处理。
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| CN107903836A (zh) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-04-13 | 常州市雄泰纺织品有限公司 | 一种隔热节能玻璃贴膜的制备方法 |
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