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CN111331097A - High-chromium alloy roll shaft for oversized double-roll crusher and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

High-chromium alloy roll shaft for oversized double-roll crusher and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111331097A
CN111331097A CN202010211608.4A CN202010211608A CN111331097A CN 111331097 A CN111331097 A CN 111331097A CN 202010211608 A CN202010211608 A CN 202010211608A CN 111331097 A CN111331097 A CN 111331097A
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Prior art keywords
percent
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roll shaft
heating
speed
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CN202010211608.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周丽
张伟
张卫军
殷凤仕
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Shandong Jintai Roller Co ltd
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Shandong Jintai Roller Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010211608.4A priority Critical patent/CN111331097A/en
Publication of CN111331097A publication Critical patent/CN111331097A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
    • B02C4/28—Details
    • B02C4/30—Shape or construction of rollers
    • B02C4/305—Wear resistant rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/38—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for roll bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of machine manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-chromium alloy roll shaft for an oversized double-roll crusher and a manufacturing method thereof. The outer diameter of the roller shaft is 1001-1400mm, and the wall thickness is 141-200mm, and the roller shaft comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 1.9 to 2.4 percent of carbon, less than 1.0 percent of silicon, 0.5 to 1.2 percent of manganese, less than 0.05 percent of sulfur, less than 0.05 percent of phosphorus, 13.0 to 17.0 percent of chromium, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of nickel, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of copper, less than 0.1 percent of titanium, less than 0.1 percent of vanadium, less than 0.1 percent of niobium, 0.01 percent of <0.1 percent of titanium + vanadium + niobium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. The problems that the oversized roll shaft is easy to crack and the yield is low in the manufacturing process are solved, and the prepared high-chromium alloy roll shaft for the oversized double-roll crusher is high in hardness, good in toughness and long in service life; the manufacturing method is scientific, reasonable, simple and feasible.

Description

High-chromium alloy roll shaft for oversized double-roll crusher and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-chromium alloy roll shaft for an oversized double-roll crusher and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The double-roller crusher is a mechanical device for crushing materials by using extrusion force and grinding shear force generated by relative rotation of two groups of roller shafts which are independently driven. After the material gets into the broken chamber of machine, the material receives the meshing effect of rotation roller axle, makes the material forced to pass through between two rollers, receives the crowded roll and the shearing and grinding of roller axle simultaneously, and the material begins fragmentation promptly, and the rotatory tangent line of cracked tiny particle along the roller is thrown to the machine below through the clearance of two roller axles, and the large granule material that exceeds the clearance continues to be broken into the tiny particle and discharges.
For improving production efficiency, the roll shaft design size of double-roll crusher is bigger and bigger, and the diameter reaches more than 1000mm, for the life of extension roll shaft, the whole wear-resisting material of the same kind that adopts of roll shaft, and thickness reaches more than 140 mm. Such oversize rolls require both high hardness and wear resistance to ensure long application times, high toughness and good corrosion resistance in crushing of water-containing materials.
At present, the materials used for manufacturing the roll shaft mainly include high manganese steel, low alloy wear-resistant steel and wear-resistant white cast iron. High manganese steel and low alloy wear resistant steel have good toughness but insufficient wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The wear-resistant white cast iron has high hardness, good wear resistance, but insufficient toughness, easy cracking when manufacturing an ultra-large size roll shaft and low yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-chromium alloy roll shaft for an oversized double-roll crusher, which solves the problems that a large-size roll shaft is easy to crack in the manufacturing process and the yield is low, and the prepared high-chromium alloy roll shaft for the oversized double-roll crusher has high hardness, good toughness and long service life; the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the composite material, which is scientific, reasonable, simple and feasible.
The high-chromium alloy roll shaft for the oversized double-roll crusher, disclosed by the invention, has the outer diameter of 1001-1400mm and the wall thickness of 141-200mm, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
1.9 to 2.4 percent of carbon, less than 1.0 percent of silicon, 0.5 to 1.2 percent of manganese, less than 0.05 percent of sulfur, less than 0.05 percent of phosphorus, 13.0 to 17.0 percent of chromium, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of nickel, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of copper, less than 0.1 percent of titanium, less than 0.1 percent of vanadium, less than 0.1 percent of niobium, 0.01 percent of <0.1 percent of titanium + vanadium + niobium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
1.9 to 2.2 percent of carbon, less than 0.8 percent of silicon, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of manganese, less than 0.04 percent of sulfur, less than 0.04 percent of phosphorus, 13.0 to 16.0 percent of chromium, 2.0 to 2.6 percent of molybdenum, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of copper, less than 0.08 percent of titanium, less than 0.08 percent of vanadium, less than 0.08 percent of niobium, 0.01 percent of <0.08 percent of titanium + vanadium + niobium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
Further preferably, the composition comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
1.9 to 2.1 percent of carbon, less than 0.8 percent of silicon, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of manganese, less than 0.04 percent of sulfur, less than 0.04 percent of phosphorus, 13.0 to 15.0 percent of chromium, 2.2 to 2.4 percent of nickel, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of molybdenum, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of copper, less than 0.05 percent of titanium, less than 0.05 percent of vanadium, less than 0.05 percent of niobium, 0.01 percent of <0.05 percent of titanium + vanadium + niobium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a high-chromium alloy roll shaft for an oversized double-roll crusher, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting in an electric furnace: carbon, scrap steel, ferrovanadium, ferrotitanium, ferrocolumbium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, copper, pure nickel or ferronickel are put into an electric furnace according to chemical component ingredients for melting, ferromanganese is added after melting down, aluminum accounting for 0.10-0.20% of the mass of the molten steel is added for deoxidation after the components are adjusted to be qualified, and then the molten steel is discharged;
(2) centrifugal casting: pouring the discharged molten steel into a roll shaft by adopting a horizontal centrifuge, wherein the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1380-1420 ℃;
(3) annealing: heating the roller shaft to 500-700 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, heating to 850-900 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4-8h, and cooling in a furnace to room temperature; the shore hardness after annealing was: 50-58 HS;
(4) and (3) machining: turning and removing oxide skin on the surface of the annealed roll shaft;
(5) a final heat treatment, the Shore hardness after the final heat treatment being: 77-82 HS;
(6) finish machining: processing the roller shaft subjected to final heat treatment into a final size;
the final heat treatment process of the step (5) comprises the following steps: heating the roller shaft to 700 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, heating to 980 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, air cooling to 200 ℃ at 300 ℃, immediately performing primary tempering, and performing secondary tempering;
tempering for the first time: heating the quenched roll shaft to 500-600 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 4-8h, and air cooling; tempering for the second time: heating the roller shaft after primary tempering to 500-600 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 4-8h, and cooling in air.
Wherein, the preferred technical scheme is as follows:
the annealing process in the step (3) comprises the following steps: heating the roller shaft to 700 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, heating to 850 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4-8h at 900 ℃, cooling to 605 ℃ in a furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5-1h at 750 ℃ and cooling to room temperature in the furnace.
The reason for selecting the chemical composition of the high-chromium alloy roll shaft for the oversized twin-roll crusher of the invention is explained as follows:
carbon: carbon is a main element which affects the hardness and toughness of the high chromium alloy roll shaft, and when the content of carbon is high, the amount of carbide in the structure is large, the hardness of the matrix is high, the wear resistance is good, but when the content is too high, the amount of carbide is too large, the toughness is reduced, and the carbide is easy to break in use, so that the mass fraction of carbon is preferably 1.9-2.4%, the preferable chemical composition is 1.9-2.2%, and the more preferable chemical composition is 1.9-2.1%.
Chromium: chromium is a main alloy element of the high-chromium alloy roll shaft, forms carbide, and improves the hardness, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance. However, if the amount of the additive is too large, the amount of carbides is increased, the brittleness of the roll shaft is increased, and cracks are easily generated in manufacturing and use. Therefore, the mass fraction of chromium is suitably 13.0 to 17.0%, preferably 13.0 to 16.0%, and more preferably 13.0 to 15.0%.
Nickel: nickel is added into the high-chromium alloy roll shaft to stabilize austenite, inhibit pearlite formation and improve hardenability. However, the addition amount is too large, which reduces the hardness and wear resistance of the high-chromium alloy roller shaft and increases the cost of the roller shaft. Therefore, the mass fraction of Ni is suitably 2.0 to 3.0%, preferably 2.0 to 2.6%, and more preferably 2.2 to 2.4%.
Molybdenum: a small amount of molybdenum is added into the high-chromium alloy roll shaft, so that the hardenability can be improved, the formation of pearlite can be inhibited, and the second type of temper brittleness can be inhibited. However, molybdenum belongs to a strong carbide forming element, the addition amount is excessive, the annealing difficulty is increased, and the mass fraction of molybdenum is suitably 0.3-0.5%, and the preferable chemical composition is 0.3-0.4%.
Manganese: manganese is added into the high-chromium alloy roll shaft to replace nickel to stabilize austenite, improve hardenability and reduce cost, but Mn is inferior to nickel in improving toughness. The mass fraction of Mn is suitably 0.5 to 1.2%, preferably 0.5 to 1.0%.
Silicon: the high-chromium alloy roll shaft contains silicon, so that the toughness of the roll shaft is reduced, and the content of the silicon is reduced as much as possible. When the mass fraction of silicon is 0.8% or less, the influence on the toughness of the roller shaft is not large.
Vanadium, titanium and niobium: vanadium, titanium and niobium are strong carbide forming elements, the formed carbide has high melting point and good stability, and a small amount of vanadium, titanium and niobium is contained in a roll shaft, so that a solidification structure can be refined, the carbide is favorably broken, the strength and toughness of the roll are improved, and the wear resistance of the roll is improved. However, the content is too high, the carbide amount is increased, the toughness of the roll shaft is damaged, the cracking tendency in the production process of the roll shaft is increased, and the content is too low to play a role. Thus, suitable mass fractions are titanium < 0.1%, vanadium < 0.1%, niobium < 0.1%, 0.01% < titanium + vanadium + niobium < 0.1%, preferably chemical components 0.01% < titanium + vanadium + niobium < 0.08%, further preferred chemical components 0.01% < titanium + vanadium + niobium < 0.05%.
Phosphorus: the cracking in the centrifugal casting forming process of the roll shaft can be prevented, but the cracking in the heat treatment process is easily caused, the cracking belongs to harmful elements, the content of the harmful elements is reduced as much as possible, and the influence is small when the mass fraction of phosphorus is less than 0.05 percent. Therefore, the mass fraction of phosphorus is preferably controlled to 0.05% or less.
Sulfur: promotes the generation of cracks in the centrifugal casting and forming process of the roll shaft, belongs to harmful elements, and the content of the harmful elements is reduced as much as possible. The sulfur content is suitably controlled to be less than 0.04%.
Copper: the hardenability may be improved by adding a small amount of copper to the high-chromium alloy roll shaft to stabilize austenite, but excessive copper may lower the toughness, and the mass fraction of copper is suitably 0.1 to 1.0%, preferably 0.2 to 0.8%, and more preferably 0.3 to 0.4%.
In the production process of the oversized high-chromium alloy roller shaft, the roller shaft is easy to crack in the forming process and the heat treatment process due to the large internal stress. In order to prevent cracking in the heat treatment process, the invention strictly controls the heat treatment process. During annealing treatment, the cracking in the annealing process is prevented by controlling the heating speed, the cooling mode and other measures. During quenching treatment, the heating speed is controlled and preheating is matched in the heating process, and during cooling, tempering is carried out in time without waiting for cooling to room temperature, so that the quenching internal stress is reduced, and cracking is prevented. In the high-chromium alloy roll shaft, more nickel is added for reducing cracking in the forming and heat treatment processes, so that more residual austenite exists in a microstructure after quenching, the content of the residual austenite is reduced by tempering twice, and the hardness is improved. The structure after final heat treatment is skeleton M7C3 type carbide, tempered troostite and a small amount of residual austenite. The skeleton M7C3 type carbide has high hardness and an anti-wear effect, and the matrix is tempered troostite and a small amount of residual austenite, has enough toughness and ensures no fracture in the use process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the high-chromium alloy roll shaft for the double-roll crusher overcomes the defects of easy cracking and low yield of the ultra-large roll shaft in the manufacturing process by optimizing chemical components and manufacturing processes, and the manufactured high-chromium alloy roll shaft for the ultra-large double-roll crusher has high hardness, good toughness and long service life.
2. The manufacturing method of the invention is scientific, reasonable, simple and feasible.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
All the starting materials used in the examples are commercially available, except where otherwise indicated.
The ultrasonic flaw detection of the roller shaft in the embodiment is carried out according to the standard GB/T1503-2008.
Example 1
The alloy is smelted by a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the chemical components are shown in table 1. The outer diameter of the alloy roller shaft is 1001mm, the thickness of the alloy roller shaft is 141mm, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting in an electric furnace: carbon, scrap steel, ferrovanadium, ferrotitanium, ferroniobium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, copper and pure nickel are mixed according to chemical components and put into an electric furnace for melting, ferromanganese is added after melting down, and aluminum accounting for 0.1 percent of the mass of molten steel is added for deoxidation and then is discharged out of the furnace after the components are adjusted to be qualified;
(2) centrifugal casting: pouring the discharged molten steel into a roll shaft by adopting a horizontal centrifuge, wherein the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1380 +/-10 ℃;
(3) annealing: heating the roll shaft to 600 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4 hours, heating to 880 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 6 hours, and cooling to room temperature; the shore hardness after annealing was: 57 HS;
(4) and (3) machining: turning and removing the oxide skin on the surface of the retreated roll shaft;
(5) final heat treatment: heating the roll shaft to 600 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 1000 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, air-cooling to 300 +/-5 ℃, immediately carrying out first tempering, and then carrying out second tempering;
tempering for the first time: heating the quenched roll shaft to 550 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and cooling in air; tempering for the second time: and heating the roller shaft after primary tempering to 550 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 5h, and cooling in the air.
(6) Finish machining: and machining the roller shaft subjected to final heat treatment into a final size.
TABLE 1 chemical composition (mass%) of high-chromium alloy roll shaft for large-size twin-roll crusher
Element(s) C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo Cu Ti V Nb Fe
Content (wt.) 2.0 0.6 0.7 0.02 0.03 14.3 2.0 0.5 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.01 Balance of
The roll shaft has no cracking in the production process, the Shore hardness of the roll shaft is 78HS, and the ultrasonic flaw detection result is qualified. Because the high-chromium alloy contains higher chromium content and has higher hardness, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance are greatly improved compared with the traditional high-manganese steel and low-alloy wear-resistant steel roller shaft, and the service life is prolonged by more than 2 times.
Example 2
The alloy is smelted by a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the chemical components are shown in table 2. The outer diameter of the alloy roller shaft is 1200mm, the thickness is 170mm, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting in an electric furnace: carbon, scrap steel, ferrovanadium, ferrotitanium, ferrocolumbium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, copper and ferronickel are mixed according to chemical components and put into an electric furnace for melting, ferromanganese is added after melting down, and aluminum accounting for 0.2 percent of the mass of molten steel is added for deoxidation and then is discharged out of the furnace after the components are adjusted to be qualified;
(2) centrifugal casting: pouring the discharged molten steel into a roll shaft by adopting a horizontal centrifuge, wherein the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1400 +/-10 ℃;
(3) annealing: heating the roll shaft to 600 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 880 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 6h, cooling to 600 +/-5 ℃ in a furnace, heating to 780 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling to room temperature in the furnace; the shore hardness after annealing was: 58 HS;
(4) and (3) machining: turning and removing the oxide skin on the surface of the retreated roll shaft;
(5) final heat treatment: heating the roll shaft to 700 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 1020 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, air-cooling to 250 +/-5 ℃, immediately carrying out first tempering, and then carrying out second tempering;
tempering for the first time: heating the quenched roll shaft to 500 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and cooling in air; tempering for the second time: and heating the roller shaft after primary tempering to 600 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 4h, and cooling in air.
(6) Finish machining: and machining the roller shaft subjected to final heat treatment into a final size.
TABLE 2 chemical composition (mass%) of high-chromium alloy roll shaft for large-size twin-roll crusher
Element(s) C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo Cu Ti V Nb Fe
Content (wt.) 2.1 0.8 1.1 0.04 0.02 16.8 2.4 0.4 0.9 0.01 0.04 0.02 Balance of
The roll shaft has no cracking in the production process, the Shore hardness of the roll shaft is 82HS, and the ultrasonic flaw detection result is qualified. Because the high-chromium alloy contains higher chromium content and has higher hardness, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance are greatly improved compared with the traditional high-manganese steel and low-alloy wear-resistant steel roller shaft, and the service life is prolonged by more than 2 times.
Example 3
The alloy is smelted by a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the chemical components are shown in Table 3. The outer diameter of the alloy roller shaft is 1400mm, the thickness of the alloy roller shaft is 200mm, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting in an electric furnace: carbon, scrap steel, ferrovanadium, ferrotitanium, ferrocolumbium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, copper, pure nickel or ferronickel are put into an electric furnace according to chemical component ingredients for melting, ferromanganese is added after melting down, aluminum accounting for 0.1 percent of the mass of the molten steel is added for deoxidation after the components are adjusted to be qualified, and then the molten steel is discharged;
(2) centrifugal casting: pouring the discharged molten steel into a roll shaft by adopting a horizontal centrifuge, wherein the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1380 +/-10 ℃;
(3) annealing: heating the roll shaft at the speed of 2 ℃/min to 700 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, heating at the speed of 3 ℃/min to 900 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, cooling to 600 +/-5 ℃, reheating at the speed of 5 ℃/min to 800 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling to room temperature; the shore hardness after annealing was: 53 HS;
(4) and (3) machining: turning and removing the oxide skin on the surface of the retreated roll shaft;
(5) final heat treatment: heating the roll shaft to 500 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 980 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, air-cooling to 300 +/-5 ℃, immediately carrying out first tempering, and then carrying out second tempering;
tempering for the first time: heating the quenched roll shaft to 600 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 4h, and cooling in air; tempering for the second time: and heating the roller shaft after primary tempering to 500 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 8h, and cooling in air.
(6) Finish machining: and machining the roller shaft subjected to final heat treatment into a final size.
TABLE 3 chemical composition (mass%) of high-chromium alloy roll shaft for large-sized twin-roll crusher
Element(s) C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo Cu Ti V Nb Fe
Content (wt.) 1.9 0.5 0.7 0.03 0.01 15.7 2.6 0.3 0.4 0.01 0.01 0.02 Balance of
The roll shaft has no cracking in the production process, the Shore hardness of the roll shaft is 77HS, and the ultrasonic flaw detection result is qualified. Because the high-chromium alloy contains higher chromium content and has higher hardness, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance are greatly improved compared with the traditional high-manganese steel and low-alloy wear-resistant steel roller shaft, and the service life is prolonged by more than 2 times.
Comparative example 1
The alloy is smelted by a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the chemical components are shown in Table 4. The outer diameter of the alloy roller shaft is 1001mm, the thickness of the alloy roller shaft is 141mm, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting in an electric furnace: carbon, scrap steel, ferrovanadium, ferrotitanium, ferroniobium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, copper and pure nickel are mixed according to chemical components and put into an electric furnace for melting, ferromanganese is added after melting down, and aluminum accounting for 0.1 percent of the mass of molten steel is added for deoxidation and then is discharged out of the furnace after the components are adjusted to be qualified;
(2) centrifugal casting: pouring the discharged molten steel into a roll shaft by adopting a horizontal centrifuge, wherein the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1380 +/-10 ℃;
(3) annealing: heating the roll shaft to 600 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4 hours, heating to 880 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 6 hours, cooling the furnace to room temperature, cracking the roll shaft, and enabling the Shore hardness after annealing to be: 65 HS.
The roll shaft cracks and no subsequent processing is carried out.
TABLE 4 chemical composition (mass%) of high-chromium alloy roll shaft for large-sized twin-roll crusher
Figure BDA0002423020120000061
Figure BDA0002423020120000071
Comparative example 2
The alloy is smelted by a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the chemical components are shown in Table 5. The outer diameter of the alloy roller shaft is 1001mm, the thickness of the alloy roller shaft is 141mm, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting in an electric furnace: carbon, scrap steel, ferrovanadium, ferrotitanium, ferroniobium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, copper and pure nickel are mixed according to chemical components and put into an electric furnace for melting, ferromanganese is added after melting down, and aluminum accounting for 0.1 percent of the mass of molten steel is added for deoxidation and then is discharged out of the furnace after the components are adjusted to be qualified;
(2) centrifugal casting: pouring the discharged molten steel into a roll shaft by adopting a horizontal centrifuge, wherein the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1380 +/-10 ℃;
(3) annealing: heating the roll shaft to 600 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4 hours, heating to 880 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 6 hours, and cooling to room temperature; the shore hardness after annealing was: 51 HS;
(4) and (3) machining: turning and removing the oxide skin on the surface of the retreated roll shaft;
(5) final heat treatment: heating the roll shaft to 600 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 1000 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, air cooling, immediately tempering, and cracking the roll shaft.
TABLE 5 chemical composition (mass%) of high-chromium alloy roll shaft for large-size twin-roll crusher
Element(s) C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo Cu Ti V Nb Fe
Content (wt.) 2.0 0.5 0.8 0.03 0.01 15.1 2.8 0.3 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.02 Balance of
Comparative example 3
The alloy is smelted by a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the chemical components are shown in Table 6. The outer diameter of the alloy roller shaft is 1001mm, the thickness of the alloy roller shaft is 141mm, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting in an electric furnace: carbon, scrap steel, ferrovanadium, ferrotitanium, ferroniobium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, copper and pure nickel are mixed according to chemical components and put into an electric furnace for melting, ferromanganese is added after melting down, and aluminum accounting for 0.1 percent of the mass of molten steel is added for deoxidation and then is discharged out of the furnace after the components are adjusted to be qualified;
(2) centrifugal casting: pouring the discharged molten steel into a roll shaft by adopting a horizontal centrifuge, wherein the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1380 +/-10 ℃;
(3) annealing: heating the roll shaft to 600 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4 hours, heating to 880 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 6 hours, and cooling to room temperature; the shore hardness after annealing was: 53 HS;
(4) and (3) machining: turning and removing the oxide skin on the surface of the retreated roll shaft;
(5) final heat treatment: heating the roll shaft to 600 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 1000 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, air-cooling to 300 +/-5 ℃, and immediately tempering;
tempering: and heating the quenched roll shaft to 550 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and cooling in air.
(6) Finish machining: and machining the roller shaft subjected to final heat treatment into a final size.
TABLE 6 chemical composition (mass%) of high-chromium alloy roll shaft for large-size twin-roll crusher
Element(s) C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo Cu Ti V Nb Fe
Content (wt.) 2.2 0.8 0.7 0.03 0.01 16.1 2.9 0.2 0.4 0.01 0.02 0.01 Balance of
The roll shaft has no cracking in the production process, the Shore hardness of the roll shaft is 70HS, and the ultrasonic flaw detection result is unqualified.
Sampling is carried out from the roller shaft body, and hardness and toughness detection are carried out. The hardness is detected by a Shore hardness meter, the toughness is detected by an unnotched standard impact sample, and the impact absorption power is measured by a Charpy impact test method. Table 7 shows the comparison of the properties of the inventive examples and the comparative examples. The roller shaft has high hardness and good toughness after final treatment, and does not crack in the production process.
TABLE 7 comparison of the Properties of inventive examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3
Figure BDA0002423020120000081

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a two roller crusher of oversize is with high chromium alloy roller which characterized in that: the outer diameter of the roller shaft is 1001mm and 1400mm, the wall thickness is 141mm and 200mm, and the roller shaft comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
1.9 to 2.4 percent of carbon, less than 1.0 percent of silicon, 0.5 to 1.2 percent of manganese, less than 0.05 percent of sulfur, less than 0.05 percent of phosphorus, 13.0 to 17.0 percent of chromium, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of nickel, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of molybdenum, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of copper, less than 0.1 percent of titanium, less than 0.1 percent of vanadium, less than 0.1 percent of niobium, 0.01 percent of <0.1 percent of titanium + vanadium + niobium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
2. The high chromium alloy roll shaft for an oversized twin roll crusher of claim 1, wherein: the composite material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
1.9 to 2.2 percent of carbon, less than 0.8 percent of silicon, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of manganese, less than 0.04 percent of sulfur, less than 0.04 percent of phosphorus, 13.0 to 16.0 percent of chromium, 2.0 to 2.6 percent of nickel, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of molybdenum, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of copper, less than 0.08 percent of titanium, less than 0.08 percent of vanadium, less than 0.08 percent of niobium, 0.01 percent of <0.08 percent of titanium + vanadium + niobium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
3. The high chromium alloy roll shaft for an oversized twin roll crusher of claim 2, wherein: the composite material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
1.9 to 2.1 percent of carbon, less than 0.8 percent of silicon, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of manganese, less than 0.04 percent of sulfur, less than 0.04 percent of phosphorus, 13.0 to 15.0 percent of chromium, 2.2 to 2.4 percent of nickel, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of molybdenum, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of copper, less than 0.05 percent of titanium, less than 0.05 percent of vanadium, less than 0.05 percent of niobium, 0.01 percent of <0.05 percent of titanium + vanadium + niobium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
4. A method of manufacturing a high chromium alloy roll shaft for an oversized twin roll crusher according to any of claims 1-3, characterised in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting in an electric furnace: carbon, scrap steel, ferrovanadium, ferrotitanium, ferrocolumbium, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, copper, pure nickel or ferronickel are put into an electric furnace according to chemical component ingredients for melting, ferromanganese is added after melting down, aluminum accounting for 0.10-0.20% of the mass of the molten steel is added for deoxidation after the components are adjusted to be qualified, and then the molten steel is discharged;
(2) centrifugal casting: pouring the discharged molten steel into a roll shaft by adopting a horizontal centrifuge, wherein the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1380-1420 ℃;
(3) annealing: heating the roller shaft to 500-700 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, heating to 850-900 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4-8h, and cooling in a furnace to room temperature;
(4) and (3) machining: turning and removing oxide skin on the surface of the annealed roll shaft;
(5) final heat treatment;
(6) finish machining: processing the roller shaft subjected to final heat treatment into a final size;
the final heat treatment process of the step (5) comprises the following steps: heating the roller shaft to 700 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, heating to 980 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, air cooling to 200 ℃ at 300 ℃, immediately performing primary tempering, and performing secondary tempering;
tempering for the first time: heating the quenched roll shaft to 500-600 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 4-8h, and air cooling; tempering for the second time: heating the roller shaft after primary tempering to 500-600 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 4-8h, and cooling in air.
5. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the annealing process in the step (3) comprises the following steps: heating the roller shaft to 700 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3-5h, heating to 850 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4-8h at 900 ℃, cooling to 605 ℃ in a furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 1-5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5-1h at 750 ℃ and cooling to room temperature in the furnace.
CN202010211608.4A 2020-03-24 2020-03-24 High-chromium alloy roll shaft for oversized double-roll crusher and manufacturing method thereof Withdrawn CN111331097A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114351049A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-15 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 Anti accident type forged steel backing roll
CN114990421A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-02 西安理工大学 Water-tough and aluminum-adhesion-resistant aluminum alloy special milling cutter and preparation method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114351049A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-15 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 Anti accident type forged steel backing roll
CN114990421A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-02 西安理工大学 Water-tough and aluminum-adhesion-resistant aluminum alloy special milling cutter and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20200626