CN111323299B - Performance uniformity evaluation method suitable for large-size aluminum alloy section - Google Patents
Performance uniformity evaluation method suitable for large-size aluminum alloy section Download PDFInfo
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- CN111323299B CN111323299B CN201811538689.8A CN201811538689A CN111323299B CN 111323299 B CN111323299 B CN 111323299B CN 201811538689 A CN201811538689 A CN 201811538689A CN 111323299 B CN111323299 B CN 111323299B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000011077 uniformity evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a performance uniformity evaluation method suitable for large-size aluminum alloy sections. The evaluation method comprises the following steps: (1) sawing a section bar test piece from a large-size aluminum alloy section bar; (2) Determining the hardness testing position of the test piece according to the geometric shape and size of the section; (3) polishing the test piece hardness test position; (4) carrying out hardness test on the selected hardness test position; (5) Drawing a hardness distribution cloud picture on the section according to the measured hardness data, and determining the characteristic position; (6) And calibrating according to the characteristic position, cutting a mechanical property test sample in the extrusion direction on the large-sized section, testing the mechanical property, and determining the non-uniformity of the section performance according to the mechanical property test result. The invention can accurately reflect the performance nonuniformity of large-sized section bars, identify the weak position of material performance, provide guidance for adjusting the section bar extrusion process, and has the characteristics of comprehensive section bar section coverage, good economy and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a performance uniformity evaluation method suitable for large-size aluminum alloy sections, and belongs to the field of metal material analysis and detection.
Background
The aluminum alloy material has excellent specific strength, specific rigidity and processing and forming performance. In the fields represented by aerospace and transportation, the application of the large-size aluminum alloy section can meet the light weight requirement of equipment, and the development of equipment such as high-speed rail trains and large airplanes is powerfully supported. However, with the continuous development of equipment light weight and assembly efficiency requirements, based on the continuously developed material preparation and processing equipment capability of China, the aluminum alloy section gradually shows the development trend towards large specification and integration, and the problem of performance uniformity of the large specification aluminum alloy section gradually appears. In order to solve the problem, researchers continuously provide methods for reducing the performance nonuniformity of the section bar by improving the quenching sensitivity of the alloy, optimizing the parameters of the preparation processing technology and the like, and if the performance nonuniformity of the section bar can be evaluated more accurately and comprehensively, targeted optimization suggestions can be provided for the preparation processing technology of the section bar.
At present, most methods for cutting various performance samples at different positions on the profile based on experience and carrying out corresponding tests are adopted for evaluating the performance uniformity of the profile, but the method for selecting the test position based on experience cannot comprehensively reflect the performance nonuniformity of the section of the profile, and certain subjectivity exists in position selection, and particularly in analysis of large-size profiles, a more specific optimization direction cannot be provided for the profile preparation and processing process. There is therefore an urgent need to develop a suitable method which allows a comprehensive and rapid evaluation of the inhomogeneities in the properties of the profile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a performance uniformity evaluation method suitable for large-size aluminum alloy sections, which can comprehensively distinguish the position of uneven structure on the section of the section and the degree of uneven performance of the section and directly guide the optimization of the preparation and processing process of the large-size aluminum alloy sections in actual production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a performance uniformity evaluation method suitable for large-size aluminum alloy sections comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting a section test piece from an aluminum alloy section, defining an X direction and a Y direction on the section test piece, and determining the maximum length L of the test piece in the X direction and the maximum width T of the test piece in the Y direction; at intervals of L/n in the X direction x Wherein n is not less than 5 x Not more than 15, the interval in the Y direction is T/n y Wherein n is not less than 3 y Drawing grid lines on the transparent paper when the number is less than or equal to 10; will be painted with grid linesThe transparent paper is covered on the test piece, and the transparent paper is arranged along the X direction L/n x In the Y direction L/n y Moving within the range to maximize the number of grid points projected on the surface of the test piece, and transferring the positions of the grid points onto the surface of the test piece to be used as hardness test points;
(2) Polishing the position close to the test point selected in the step (1) until the surface roughness meets the hardness test requirement;
(3) Carrying out hardness test on the test points, drawing a hardness distribution cloud chart on the test piece according to the measured hardness data, and determining the characteristic position;
(4) And calibrating according to the characteristic position, cutting a mechanical property test sample in the extrusion direction on the large-sized section, testing the mechanical property, and determining the non-uniformity of the section performance according to the mechanical property test result.
Wherein, in the step (1), for the lattice points which can not be projected on the surface of the test piece, if the lattice points can be translated along the grid line along the X direction by L/2n x By inward distance, or by shifting along the grid line in the Y direction by L/2n y And when the test piece falls on the test piece after the internal distance is within the range, the position of the grid point after translation is also used as a hardness test point.
In the step (1), the surface of the cut section bar test piece is vertical to the direction of a material deformation streamline, and the thickness of the test piece is 10-40 mm.
In the step (1), the determination of the maximum length L and the maximum width T and the determination of the X direction and the Y direction are subject to the coordinate system of the sectional drawing of the profile.
In the step (2), the upper and lower surfaces of the test piece are polished by using waterproof abrasive paper with different meshes, and the test surface is polished to be bright, so that the hardness test is facilitated; the vertical relation between the upper and lower surfaces of the test piece and the direction of the deformation streamline of the section bar should not be changed in the polishing process.
In the step (3), if the hardness testing method selects micro Vickers hardness, the hardness test of each position is repeated for 3-7 times at the determined test position and nearby, and the average value is taken as the hardness value of the test point; if the hardness testing method selects Vickers hardness or Brinell hardness, only one measurement is carried out, and the current measurement value is taken as the hardness value of the test point.
In the step (4), the mechanical property test is carried out according to GB/T228.1-2010.
Any wrought aluminum alloy material which can be prepared into a section can be subjected to performance evaluation by adopting the method disclosed by the invention. Meanwhile, as a performance evaluation method, the test is generally only carried out on finished-product-state aluminum alloy sections, and the sections can be expanded to sections in other states such as a deformation state, a solid solution state and the like under special requirements.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention adopts a special test position selection method, ensures that the test position covers the whole section of the section comprehensively, improves the test comprehensiveness and reduces the subjectivity of the test point position selection; according to the comprehensive evaluation of the section performance of the section, the position of the large-specification section with weak performance is identified, and direct data support is provided for the optimization of the section preparation and processing technology.
(2) According to the invention, the method of judging the characteristic position of the material performance according to the hardness test result and then cutting samples of mechanical property and the like for testing is adopted, so that the one-sidedness of evaluating the material performance based on hardness data is avoided, the sampling number of the samples of mechanical property and the like is reduced, and the economical efficiency of performance evaluation is improved to a certain extent.
(3) The method is not only suitable for evaluating the performance uniformity of the aluminum alloy section, but also can be used for other metal materials such as titanium alloy, magnesium alloy and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a grid line drawn for determining the section hardness test position of 6005A alloy sections in the examples.
Fig. 2 is a section hardness test position of the alloy section bar 6005A finally determined in the example.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional hardness test distribution diagram of the alloy section of 6005A in the example.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Examples
A method of evaluating the structural uniformity of a large-gauge 6005A aluminum alloy structural material having a cross-sectional shape shown in fig. 1 will be described as an example.
And (3) cutting a section bar test piece with the thickness of 20mm on the aluminum alloy large-size section bar in a linear manner, wherein the cutting process ensures that the cutting surface is vertical to the extrusion direction of the section bar.
The length of the section drawing in the X direction is 540mm, the length of the section drawing in the Y direction is 120mm, and n is selected x ＝10，n y =4, grid lines are correspondingly drawn with X-direction spacing 54mm and y-direction spacing 30, as shown in fig. 1; by integrally translating the grid lines, most grid points fall on the surface of the test piece, and at the moment, the grid points which do not fall on the surface of the test piece are found, the uppermost row of grid points can fall on the surface of the test piece by translating 10mm towards the negative direction of the Y axis, and the distance is less than half of the grid distance in the Y direction, namely 15mm; the resulting hardness test position is shown in fig. 2.
The surface of the test piece is polished by the distribution of the waterproof abrasive paper, and then the mesh number of the abrasive paper is gradually increased until the surface roughness can meet the requirement of hardness test.
A Vickers hardness tester is adopted to test the hardness of the selected test point, and the stable placement of the test piece is ensured in the test process; in the process of testing the hardness of each point, 5 times of hardness tests are respectively carried out in the adjacent areas, and the average value is taken as the hardness value of the point.
The measured hardness data were subjected to statistical analysis, and the results are shown in table 1. According to the hardness test result, the average value of all the test points is calculated, and the stress distribution diagram is drawn by taking the test value of different test points minus the average value as a Z-axis numerical value, as shown in FIG. 3.
TABLE 1 Large specification 6005A aluminium alloy section hardness test value (HV)
According to the hardness distribution shown in fig. 3, a characteristic position is selected, a rod-shaped mechanical property sample is cut from the profile corresponding to the characteristic position, and a tensile property test is performed, wherein the selected position and the test result are shown in table 2. The mechanical property test result is the same as the hardness test trend.
| Position in X direction | Position in Y direction | R m /MPa | R p0.2 /MPa | A/％ |
| 54mm | 115mm | 305 | 274 | 10.0 |
| 216mm | 94mm | 289 | 260 | 9.8 |
| 216mm | 3mm | 291 | 255 | 10.5 |
The results of the hardness test and the mechanical property test are integrated, and the method provided by the invention can accurately and comprehensively reflect the performance distribution condition of the section of the large-size section.
Claims (3)
1. A performance uniformity evaluation method suitable for large-size aluminum alloy sections is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Cutting a section bar test piece from the aluminum alloy section bar, wherein the thickness of the test piece is 10-40 mm, and the surface of the cut section bar test piece is vertical to the direction of a material deformation streamline; defining an X direction and a Y direction on the section test piece, determining the maximum length L of the test piece in the X direction and the maximum width T of the test piece in the Y direction, and determining the maximum length L and the maximum width T as well as the X direction and the Y direction by taking a section drawing coordinate system of the section as a standard; at intervals of L/n in the X direction x Wherein n is not less than 5 x Not more than 15, the interval in the Y direction is T/n y Wherein n is not less than 3 y Drawing grid lines on the transparent paper when the thickness is less than or equal to 10; covering the transparent paper with drawn grid lines on the test piece, and placing the transparent paper along the X direction L/n x In the Y direction L/n y Moving within the range to maximize the number of grid points projected on the surface of the test piece, and transferring the positions of the grid points onto the surface of the test piece to be used as hardness test points; if the grid points which cannot be projected on the surface of the test piece can be shifted along the grid line by L/2n x By inward distance, or by shifting along the grid line in the Y direction by L/2n y If the test piece falls on the test piece within the distance, the position of the grid point after translation is also used as a hardness test point;
(2) Polishing the position close to the test point selected in the step (1) until the surface roughness meets the hardness test requirement; the vertical relation between the upper and lower surfaces of the test piece and the direction of the deformation streamline of the section bar is not changed in the polishing process;
(3) Carrying out hardness test on the test points, drawing a hardness distribution cloud chart on the test piece according to the measured hardness data, and determining the characteristic position;
(4) And calibrating according to the characteristic position, cutting a mechanical property test sample in the extrusion direction on the large-sized section, testing the mechanical property, and determining the non-uniformity of the section performance according to the mechanical property test result.
2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), if the hardness test method selects micro vickers hardness, the hardness test at each position is repeated 3 to 7 times at and around the determined test position, and the average value is taken as the hardness value of the test point; if the hardness testing method selects Vickers hardness or Brinell hardness, only one measurement is carried out, and the current measurement value is taken as the hardness value of the testing point.
3. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mechanical property test is performed in accordance with GB/T228.1-2010.
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| CN112748005B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-10-26 | 西南交通大学 | Method for measuring and calculating weak position of aluminum alloy section |
| CN113671128B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-07-11 | 河北创谱金属材料试验发展有限公司 | Evaluation method for uniformity of material |
| CN114216702B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2024-06-18 | 保定市立中车轮制造有限公司 | Commercial vehicle hub performance detection method |
| CN115452574A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-09 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | A Characterization Evaluation Method of Stamping Performance Data of Automobile Steel Sheet |
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