CN111323098A - Sensor for measuring water level of reactor core - Google Patents
Sensor for measuring water level of reactor core Download PDFInfo
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- CN111323098A CN111323098A CN202010130495.5A CN202010130495A CN111323098A CN 111323098 A CN111323098 A CN 111323098A CN 202010130495 A CN202010130495 A CN 202010130495A CN 111323098 A CN111323098 A CN 111323098A
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- heating
- electric heater
- water level
- sensor
- thermocouple
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/10—Structural combination of fuel element, control rod, reactor core, or moderator structure with sensitive instruments, e.g. for measuring radioactivity, strain
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sensor for measuring the water level of a reactor core, which at least comprises a connector, a switching socket pipe welding device, a switching packaging pipe, an internal sealing joint, a component sealing shell, a pressure-bearing shell and a plug which are sequentially arranged, wherein an electric heater is arranged in the component sealing shell, and a heating section and a non-heating section are arranged at intervals on the electric heater; a plurality of heating thermocouples and a plurality of unheated thermocouples which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell, and each thermocouple is connected with the electric heater through a heat-conducting block; each heating thermocouple is arranged in the heating section of the electric heater, and the non-heating thermocouples are arranged in the non-heating section of the electric heater. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, short signal response time and long service life, can quickly and accurately measure the water level of the reactor core of the nuclear power plant, improves the measurement stability and improves the operation safety of the nuclear power plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power plant reactor core water level measurement, in particular to a sensor for measuring the reactor core water level.
Background
In the process of operating the reactor, the information of the core water level needs to be known in time, various reactor core water level/liquid level measuring methods exist in the prior art, and corresponding measuring equipment is designed aiming at the related measuring methods.
At present, level sensors used in high reliability-requiring occasions such as pressure vessels of pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants and high-temperature and high-pressure boilers or liquid storage tanks of thermal power plants mostly adopt level meters such as differential pressure type level meters, multipoint thermal effect level meters, float level meters, magnetic level meters, transparent glass tubes (plates) and the like.
The differential pressure method in the prior art is used for measuring the water level differential pressure of the reactor core, and the measurement is greatly influenced by the running state of a main pump, the density of coolant and the environmental change of a reactor factory building, so that the structure is complex, more external signals are needed, the signal processing flow is complex, and the uncertainty is high; in addition, the measurement method needs to open a hole at the bottom of the reactor to take pressure, and does not meet the design requirement of an advanced light water reactor.
The thermocouple and the electric heater of the multipoint thermal effect liquid level meter are welded by silver brazing, and when the multipoint thermal effect liquid level meter is used for monitoring the liquid level of a reactor core, liquid drops or bubbles are easy to adhere to the thermocouple to cause measurement errors because the thermocouple is directly contacted with liquid for a long time; due to long-time scouring of liquid, the welded part of the device is likely to be corroded and fall off, so that the reliability of the device is reduced and the service life of the device is prolonged; due to the strong irradiation environment in the reactor core, silver can have large activation dose after being irradiated by neutrons, and workers can be subjected to strong radioactivity when the thermocouple is maintained and replaced.
Other measuring devices have the defects of large volume, more through holes in the container wall and the like; some have the defects of difficult position positioning, poor heat conduction and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The sensor for measuring the water level of the reactor core has the characteristics of simple structure, short response time and long service life, can realize quick and accurate measurement of the water level of the reactor core of the nuclear power plant, and improves the performance stability of a reactor core water level measuring system; the water level of the key point of the reactor core is accurately and reliably measured, so that the operation safety of the nuclear power plant can be improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the sensor for measuring the water level of the reactor core at least comprises a connector, a switching socket pipe welding device, a switching packaging pipe, an internal sealing joint, a component sealing shell, a pressure-bearing shell and a plug which are arranged in sequence, wherein:
an electric heater is arranged in the assembly sealing shell, and a heating section and a non-heating section are arranged at intervals on the electric heater;
a water level measuring element is arranged on the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell and comprises a plurality of heating thermocouples and a plurality of unheated thermocouples which are arranged at intervals, each heating thermocouple is arranged in the heating section of the electric heater, and the unheated thermocouples are arranged in the non-heating section of the electric heater;
and the signal transmission cables of the heating thermocouples, the non-heating thermocouples and the electric heater are led out after being fixedly arranged through the internal sealing joints, extend to the connector and are fixedly connected with the contact pin of the connector.
Preferably, the pressure-bearing shell is of a tubular structure, one end of the pressure-bearing shell is welded and fixed with the plug, and the other end of the pressure-bearing shell is fixed with one end of the component sealing shell; the inner sealing joint is welded between the assembly sealing shell and the switching packaging tube, and the two welding ends of the switching socket tube are respectively welded with the connector and the switching packaging tube.
Preferably, the electric heater is of an armored cable structure, an electric heating wire is arranged in the heating section of the electric heater, and two ends of the electric heating wire are connected with power supply wires; the non-heating section is provided with a power supply line.
Preferably, a constant-temperature copper sleeve is arranged in the adapter socket pipe welding device to form a constant-temperature cavity; and a PT100 temperature sensor is arranged in the constant temperature cavity, and the PT100 temperature sensor is fixed with a contact pin of the connector, so that cold end compensation is carried out on the thermocouple.
Preferably, a plurality of heat conducting blocks are further arranged, one side of each heat conducting block is attached to the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell, and the other side of each heat conducting block is attached to the electric heater; the heating thermocouple or the non-heating thermocouple is clamped inside the heat conducting block.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a sensor for measuring the water level of a reactor core, which has a simple structure, realizes the integrated design of a reactor core measuring component, prevents the liquid of the reactor core from scouring a measuring element and a welding part thereof by an external pressure-bearing shell, protects the welding part of the related component of the sensor, prolongs the service life of the reactor core water level measuring sensor component, and further improves the durability and the economical efficiency of the reactor core measuring sensor component
In the embodiment of the invention, the heat conducting block is arranged between the thermocouple and the electric heater, and an axial sectional heating mode is adopted, so that the heat conduction between the heating thermocouple and the electric heater can be better carried out, the temperature sensitivity of the thermocouple is increased, and the accuracy of the water level measurement of the nuclear reactor core is improved; the highest temperature of the electric heater during working is reduced, and the reliability of a water level measurement result is improved; in addition, the heating structure can accelerate the heating of the heating thermocouple, shorten the response time of the heating thermocouple reaching the alarm threshold value, improve the response speed of the water level measuring system and further improve the efficiency of the water level measurement of the reactor core;
in the embodiment of the invention, the heating mode of heating the thermocouple by adopting the axial segmented heating mode is adopted, so that the water level measurement accuracy of the key point of the reactor core of the nuclear reactor is improved, the water level condition of the reactor core is conveniently and accurately mastered, and the monitoring of the water level of the reactor core after a serious accident occurs is more facilitated;
in the embodiment of the invention, the heating wires of the used electric heater are all integrated in one armored cable, so that the space occupied by the electric heater is reduced, and the installation difficulty is reduced;
in the embodiment of the invention, the main structure size of the water level measuring sensor can be reduced, so that the main body part has certain flexibility and can be installed into the reactor pressure vessel through a bent pore passage;
in the embodiment of the invention, a layer of sealing protection structure is arranged on the basis of the protection structure of the water level detector main body shell, so that the leakage of a reactor pressure vessel can be prevented when the shell of the sensor is damaged;
in the embodiment of the invention, the PT100 temperature sensor for compensating the cold end temperature of the thermocouple is adopted, and the copper pipe constant temperature cavity structure is arranged, so that the thermocouple signal of the sensor can be transmitted through a common lead, the distortion of the measurement signal caused by the overlong compensation lead is avoided, and the accuracy of the core water level measurement is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sensor for reactor core water level measurement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The structure and principle of the present invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
First, the principle of the present invention is described briefly. In the invention, the water level of the nuclear reactor core is measured by measuring the temperature difference through the two thermocouples, so that the water level condition is obtained. One of the two thermocouples is a heating thermocouple, the other one is a non-heating thermocouple, the heating thermocouple is arranged in a heating area of an electric heater with a heating function, and the non-heating thermocouple is arranged in the non-heating area to measure the ambient temperature. The physical parameters of water and water vapor or air show that the heat exchange coefficient of water is obviously different from that of water vapor; when a thermocouple in a heating area of the electric heater is positioned in water, the measured temperature value is lower; when the thermocouple in the heating area of the electric heater is in the water vapor, the measured temperature value is higher.
When the water level is measured, the heating thermocouple and the non-heating thermocouple form a water level measuring point together, and the temperature difference output value △ T (△ T ═ T) is adoptedHeating of-TWithout heating) To determine the water level at the measuring point, wherein THeating ofFor heating thermocouplesThe value of the collected temperature, TWithout heatingWhen the value of △ T is greater than the predicted temperature difference, it indicates that the water level measuring point and heating thermocouple are in the water vapour, and when the value of △ T is less than the temperature difference, it indicates that the heating thermocouple is in the water
According to the above measurement principle, in order to solve the problem that the current measurement result of the reactor core water level is not accurate, the invention designs a sensor for measuring the reactor core water level, which is specifically described as follows.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor for measuring a reactor core water level according to the present invention; as shown in fig. 2 and 3. In the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the sensor for measuring the water level of the reactor core at least comprises a connector 1, an adapter socket pipe welding device 2, an adapter packaging pipe 5, an internal sealing joint 6, a component sealing shell 7, a pressure bearing shell 9 and a plug 14 which are arranged in sequence. Wherein:
the pressure-bearing shell 9 is of a tubular structure, one end of the pressure-bearing shell is welded and fixed with the plug 14, and the other end of the pressure-bearing shell is fixed with one end of the component sealing shell 7; the inner sealing joint 6 is welded between the assembly sealing shell 7 and the adapter packaging tube 5, and two ends of the adapter socket tube welding 2 are respectively welded with the connector 1 and the adapter packaging tube 5.
Specifically, an argon arc welding technology is used for welding and sealing between the pressure-bearing shell 9 and the plug 14 to form a lower end shell of the sensor, and the lower end shell is used for protecting internal components of the sensor and providing welding positioning;
an electric heater 10 is arranged inside the assembly sealing shell 7, and the electric heater 10 is provided with a heating section 100 and a non-heating section 101 at intervals;
a water level measuring element 8 is arranged on the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell 9, the water level measuring element 8 comprises a plurality of thermocouples arranged at intervals, and each thermocouple is connected with the electric heater 10 through a heat conducting block 16, wherein the thermocouples comprise a plurality of heating thermocouples 80 and a plurality of non-heating thermocouples 81, and each heating thermocouple 80 is arranged in a heating section 100 of the electric heater 10; the unheated thermocouple 81 is arranged on the unheated section 101 of the electric heater 10;
the module seal housing 7 serves as a seal housing for the module housing, and its internal seal with the internal seal fitting 6 provides secondary seal protection for the sensor and prevents radiation leakage due to sensor housing cracking. The assembly sealing shell 7 and the pressure-bearing shell 9 are welded and sealed by adopting an argon arc welding technology;
the signal transmission cables of the heating thermocouples 80, the non-heating thermocouples 81 and the electric heater 9 are fixedly arranged through the internal sealing joint 6 and then led out, extend to the connector 1 and are fixedly connected with the inserting pins of the connector 1. Specifically, an electric energy supply cable of the electric heater 10 is bound with a signal transmission cable of the thermocouple 8 into a whole, the electric energy supply cable extends to the internal sealing joint 6 through the internal laying of the pressure-bearing shell 9, the electric energy supply cable is welded and sealed by adopting a high-frequency induction welding technology, the electric energy supply cable is laid to the position of the connector 1 through the internal laying of the switching packaging tube 5, and the electric energy supply cable is welded and connected with a contact pin of the connector 1 by adopting a soldering welding technology so as to realize the functions of electric energy supply; in the embodiment, the integrated circuit laying scheme is adopted, so that the maintenance and the size reduction of the sensor are facilitated, the manufacturing cost of the sensor can be reduced, and the economy of the nuclear reactor is improved.
Further, a constant-temperature copper sleeve 4 is arranged in the adapter socket pipe welding device 2 to form a constant-temperature cavity; and a PT100 temperature sensor 3 is arranged in the thermostatic cavity, the PT100 temperature sensor 3 is fixed with a contact pin of the connector 1, and cold end compensation is carried out on each thermocouple (80, 81). Specifically, the PT100 temperature sensor 3 used for thermocouple cold end temperature compensation is welded with a contact pin of the connector 1 and is arranged in the constant temperature copper sleeve 4 which is also connected with the contact pin of the connector 1 in a soldering mode, so that signals of the thermocouple 8 can be transmitted through a common lead, distortion of measurement signals caused by overlong compensation leads is avoided, and measurement accuracy is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the electric heater 10 is of an armored cable structure, an electric heating wire 1001 is arranged inside the heating section 100, and two ends of the electric heating wire 1001 are connected with power supply wires 1002; one side of each heat conducting block 16 is attached to the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell 9, and the other side of each heat conducting block is attached to the electric heater 10; the heating thermocouple 80 is clamped inside the heat conducting block 16.
As shown in fig. 3, the electric supply line 1002 is provided in the non-heating section 101 of the electric heater 10, and the electric heating wire 1001 is not provided. Similarly, one side of each heat conducting block 16 is attached to the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell 9, and the other side is attached to the electric heater 10; the non-heating thermocouple 81 is clamped inside the heat conducting block 16.
It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature difference between the heating thermocouple 80 in the heating section 100 and the environment is small when the heating thermocouple is located in water, and the thermal conductivity of air is very low, if the position of the water level measuring point is conducted by air only, the heat of the electric heater 10 cannot be effectively conducted to the heating thermocouple, and the temperature of the heating thermocouple 80 in the heating section 100 of the electric heater 10 cannot meet the measurement requirement of the core water level, so that the heat conduction block 16 adopted in the embodiment of the present invention quickly conducts the heat generated by the electric heater 10 to the sensor housing, the electric heater 10 penetrates through the heat conduction block 16 and is tightly attached to the outer wall of the heat conduction block 16, the thermocouple 8 at the measuring point penetrates through the inside of the heat conduction block 16 and is tightly attached to the same, the outer surface of the heat conduction block 16 is tightly attached to the sensor housing, thereby ensuring that the heat generated by the electric heater, thereby ensuring the temperature difference margin of the water level detector to meet the requirement of measuring the water level of the reactor core.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a sensor for measuring the water level of a reactor core, which has a simple structure, realizes the integrated design of a reactor core measuring component, prevents the liquid of the reactor core from scouring a measuring element and a welding part thereof by an external pressure-bearing shell, protects the welding part of the related component of the sensor, prolongs the service life of the reactor core water level measuring sensor component, and further improves the durability and the economical efficiency of the reactor core measuring sensor component
In the embodiment of the invention, the heat conducting block between the thermocouple and the electric heater adopts an axial sectional heating mode, so that the heating thermocouple and the electric heater can conduct heat better, the temperature sensitivity of the thermocouple is increased, and the accuracy of measuring the water level of the nuclear reactor core is improved; the highest temperature of the electric heater during working is reduced, and the reliability of a water level measurement result is improved; in addition, the heating structure can accelerate the heating of the heating thermocouple, shorten the response time of the heating thermocouple reaching the alarm threshold value, improve the response speed of the water level measuring system and further improve the efficiency of the water level measurement of the reactor core;
in the embodiment of the invention, the heating mode of heating the thermocouple by adopting the axial segmented heating mode is adopted, so that the water level measurement accuracy of the key point of the reactor core of the nuclear reactor is improved, the water level condition of the reactor core is conveniently and accurately mastered, and the monitoring of the water level of the reactor core after a serious accident occurs is more facilitated;
in the embodiment of the invention, the heating wires of the used electric heater are all integrated in one armored cable, so that the space occupied by the electric heater is reduced, and the installation difficulty is reduced;
in the embodiment of the invention, the main structure size of the water level measuring sensor can be reduced, so that the main body part has certain flexibility and can be installed into the reactor pressure vessel through a bent pore passage;
in the embodiment of the invention, a layer of sealing protection structure is arranged on the basis of the protection structure of the water level detector main body shell, so that the leakage of a reactor pressure vessel can be prevented when the shell of the sensor is damaged;
in the embodiment of the invention, the PT100 temperature sensor for compensating the cold end temperature of the thermocouple is adopted, and the copper pipe constant temperature cavity structure is arranged, so that the signal of the thermocouple can be transmitted through a common lead, the distortion of the measurement signal caused by an overlong compensation lead is avoided, and the accuracy of the core water level measurement is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the claims, therefore, other equivalent changes and modifications should be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a sensor for reactor core water level measurement, its characterized in that, its connector, switching socket pipe welding dress, switching encapsulation pipe, inside seal joint, subassembly seal shell, pressure-bearing shell and end cap including setting gradually at least, wherein:
an electric heater is arranged in the assembly sealing shell, and a heating section and a non-heating section are arranged at intervals on the electric heater;
a water level measuring element is arranged on the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell and comprises a plurality of heating thermocouples and a plurality of unheated thermocouples which are arranged at intervals, each heating thermocouple is arranged in the heating section of the electric heater, and the unheated thermocouples are arranged in the non-heating section of the electric heater;
and the signal transmission cables of the heating thermocouples, the non-heating thermocouples and the electric heater are led out after being fixedly arranged through the internal sealing joints, extend to the connector and are fixedly connected with the contact pin of the connector.
2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the pressure-bearing housing is a tubular structure having one end welded to the bulkhead and the other end secured to one end of the assembly seal housing; the inner sealing joint is welded between the assembly sealing shell and the switching packaging tube, and the two welding ends of the switching socket tube are respectively welded with the connector and the switching packaging tube.
3. The sensor for measuring the water level of the reactor core according to claim 2, wherein the electric heater is of an armored cable structure, an electric heating wire is arranged inside a heating section of the electric heater, and two ends of the electric heating wire are connected with power supply wires; the non-heating section is provided with a power supply line.
4. The sensor of claim 3, wherein a thermostatic copper sleeve is provided in the adaptor socket tube weld to form a thermostatic cavity; and a PT100 temperature sensor is arranged in the constant temperature cavity, and the PT100 temperature sensor is fixed with a contact pin of the connector, so that cold end compensation is carried out on the thermocouple.
5. The sensor for measuring the water level of the reactor core according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a plurality of heat-conducting blocks, each of which is attached to the inner wall of the pressure-bearing housing at one side and is attached to the electric heater at the other side; the heating thermocouple or the non-heating thermocouple is clamped inside the heat conducting block.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010130495.5A CN111323098A (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Sensor for measuring water level of reactor core |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010130495.5A CN111323098A (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Sensor for measuring water level of reactor core |
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| CN111323098A true CN111323098A (en) | 2020-06-23 |
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Application publication date: 20200623 |