CN111320683B - 一种替瑞帕肽类似物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药合成领域,公开了一种替瑞帕肽类似物。本发明所述替瑞帕肽类似物,用于制备治疗疾病的药物组合物,所述药物组合物在制备治疗下述至少一种疾病的药物中的用途,所述疾病包括II型糖尿病、糖耐量受损、I型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压、代谢综合征、血脂异常、认知障碍、动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗塞、冠状动脉心脏病、心血管疾病、中风、炎性肠道综合征和/或消化不良或胃溃疡、肝纤维化疾病和肺纤维化疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种替瑞帕肽类似物及其用途,该类似物是一类激动人葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽(GIP)和胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-l)受体的双重肠促胰岛素肽模拟化合物。
背景技术
GIP是42个氨基酸的胃肠调节肽,其通过在葡萄糖存在下刺激从胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素以及保护胰腺β细胞,在葡萄糖内稳态中发挥生理作用。GLP-l是37个氨基酸的肽,其剌激胰岛素分泌、保护胰腺β细胞、并抑制服高血糖素分泌、胃排空和食物摄入,导致体重减轻。GIP和GLP-l被称为肠促胰岛素;肠促胰岛素受体信号传导对葡萄糖内稳态发挥关键的生理相关作用。在正常生理学中,GIP和GLP-1在餐后从肠道分泌,这些肠促胰岛素增强对食物的生理反应,包括饱腹感、胰岛素分泌和营养物质处置。
GLP-l类似物最常见的的副作用是给药不能实现全效血糖控制和体重减轻,而单独的GIP在2型糖尿病人中具有非常适度的葡萄糖降低能力。天然GIP和GLP-l两者可以被普遍存在的蛋白酶DPP IV快速灭活,因此只能用于短期代谢控制。
在WO 2013/164483和WO 2014/192284报道了某些GIP/GLP-1类似物表现出GIP和GLP-1两者活性,并发现该类似物可以达到更好的血糖控制和体重减轻的功效。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种替瑞帕肽类似物及其用途,该类似物是一类激动人葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽(GIP)和胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-l)受体的双重肠促胰岛素肽模拟化合物。
为实现上述目的,本发明首先提供了一种结构I所示的化合物,该化合物所成的可药用的盐、溶剂化物、螯合物或非共价复合物,基于该化合物基础上的药物前体,或上述形式的任意混合物。
Tyr-AA1-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-AA1-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(R)-Ala-AA2-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-AA3
结构I
结构I中的AA1为Dhthr,或为Dhval;
结构I中的AA2为Phe,或为1-Nal,或为2-Nal;
结构I中的AA3为NH2,或为OH;
结构I中的R为HO2C(CH2)n1CO-(γGlu)n2-(PEGn3(CH2)n4CO)n5-
其中:n1为10至20的整数;
n2为1至5的整数;
n3为1至30的整数;
n4为1至5的整数;
n5为1至5的整数。
本发明还提供了包括根据本发明化合物的药物组合物,以及提供了本发明化合物的药物组合物用于制备治疗疾病的药物用途。
作为优选,所述药物组合物在制备治疗下述至少一种疾病的药物中的用途,所述疾病包括II型糖尿病、糖耐量受损、I型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压、代谢综合征、血脂异常、认知障碍、动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗塞、冠状动脉心脏病、心血管疾病、中风、炎性肠道综合征和/或消化不良或胃溃疡、肝纤维化疾病和肺纤维化疾病。
作为优选,所述药物组合物在制备治疗II型糖尿病药效延迟和/或预防II型糖尿病恶化的药物中的应用。
作为优选,所述药物组合物在制备减少食物摄入量、减少β细胞凋亡、增加胰岛β细胞功能、增加β-细胞团和/或回复葡萄糖对β-细胞的敏感性的药物中的应用。
本发明还进一步提供了对治疗对象施用所述化合物以调节体内血糖的方法。
本发明所涉及到的更多内容在以下有详细描述,或者有些也可以在本发明的实施例中体会。
除非另有所指,本文中所用来表示不同成分的数量、反应条件,在任意情况下都可解读为“大致的”、“大约的”意思。相应的,除有明确的特指外,在下述以及权利要求中所引用的数字参数都是大致的参数,在各自的实验条件下由于标准误差的不同,有可能会得到不同的数字参数。
本文中,当一个化合物的化学结构式和化学名称有分歧或疑义时,以化学结构式确切定义此化合物。本文所描述的化合物有可能含有一个或多个手性中心,和/或者双键以及诸如此类的结构,也可能存在立体异构体,包括双键的异构体(比如几何异构体)、旋光对映异构体或者非对映异构体。相应的,在本文描述范围内的任意化学结构,无论是部分或整体结构中含有上述类似结构,都包括了此化合物的所有可能的对映异构体和非对映异构体,其中也包括了单纯的任一种立体异构体(如单纯的几何异构体、单纯的对映异构体或者单纯的非对映异构体)以及这些异构体的任意一种混合物。这些消旋异构体和立体异构体的混合物由本领域技术人员利用不停的分离技术或手性分子合成的方法也可进一步被拆分成其组成成分的对映异构体或立体异构体。
结构式I的化合物包含了,但并不仅限于,这些化合物的光学异构体、消旋体和/或其他的混合物。上述情况下,其中单一的对映异构体或非对映异构体,如有旋光的异构体,可以用不对称合成的方法或消旋体拆分的方法获得。消旋体的拆分可用不同的方法实现,如常规的用助拆分的试剂重结晶,或用色谱方法。另外,结构式I的化合物也包含了带双键的顺式和/或反式的异构体。
本发明所述化合物包含但不限于,结构式I所示化合物以及他们所有的在药学上可用的不同形式。这些化合物的药学上可用的不同形式包括各种可药用的盐、溶剂化物、络合物、螯合物、非共价的复合物、基于上述物质基础上的药物前体和上述这些形式的任意混合物。
本发明提供的结构I所示的化合物性质稳定,不易被体内的二肽基肽酶IV(DPP-IV)降解,为一种GIP/GLP-I双激动剂类似物,具有显著的降糖和降低体重的效果。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种GIP/GLP-1类似物及其用途,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进相关参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的的化合物和制备方法进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明中涉及的英文缩写所对应的中文名称见下表所示:
英文缩写 | 中文名称 | 英文缩写 | 中文名称 |
Fmoc | 9-芴甲氧羰基 | OtBu | 叔丁氧基 |
tBu | 叔丁基 | Boc | 叔丁氧羰酰基 |
Trt | 三苯甲基 | Pbf | (2,3-二氢-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基苯并呋喃-5-基)磺酰基 |
Ala | 丙氨酸 | Leu | 亮氨酸 |
Arg | 精氨酸 | Lys | 赖氨酸 |
Asn | 天冬酰胺 | Met | 甲硫氨酸 |
Asp | 天冬氨酸 | Phe | 苯丙氨酸 |
Cys | 半胱氨酸 | Pro | 脯氨酸 |
Gln | 谷酰胺 | Ser | 丝氨酸 |
Glu | 谷氨酸 | Thr | 苏氨酸 |
Gly | 甘氨酸 | Trp | 色氨酸 |
His | 组氨酸 | Tyr | 酪氨酸 |
Ile | 异亮氨酸 | Val | 缬氨酸 |
Dap | 2,3-二氨基丙酸 | Dab | 2,4-二氨基丁酸 |
Orn | 鸟氨酸 | Dah | 2,7-二氨基庚酸 |
Dhthr | 脱羟基苏氨酸 | Dhval | 2,3-二脱氢缬氨酸 |
实施例1化合物1的制备
Tyr-Dhthr-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhthr-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(AEEA-AEEA-γGlu-18烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
制备方法,包括:采用固相多肽合成法制备肽树脂,肽树脂再经酸解得到粗品,最后粗品经过纯化得到纯品;其中固相多肽合成法制备肽树脂的步骤为在载体树脂上通过固相偶联合成法依次接入下列序列中相对应的保护氨基酸或片段,制备肽树脂:
上述制备方法中,所述的Fmoc-保护氨基酸或保护氨基酸片段的用量为所投料树脂总摩尔数的1.2~6倍;优选为2.5~3.5倍。
上述制备方法中,所述的载体树脂取代值为0.2~1.0mmol/g树脂,优选的取代值为0.3~0.5mmol/g树脂。
作为本发明优选的方案,所述固相偶联合成法为:前一步反应得到的保护氨基酸-树脂脱去Fmoc保护基后再与下一个保护氨基酸偶联反应。所述的去Fmoc保护的脱保护时间为10~60分钟,优选的为15~25分钟。所述的偶联反应时间为60~300分钟,优选的为100~140分钟。
所述的偶联反应需添加缩合试剂,缩合试剂选自DIC(N,N-二异丙基碳二亚胺)、N,N-二环己基碳二亚胺,六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基磷、2-(7-氮杂-1H-苯并三氮唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐或O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯中的一种;优选的为N,N-二异丙基碳二亚胺。所述缩合试剂的摩尔用量为氨基树脂中氨基总摩尔数的1.2~6倍,优选为2.5~3.5倍。
所述的偶联反应需添加活化试剂,活化试剂选自1-羟基苯并三唑或N-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三氮唑,优选的为1-羟基苯并三唑。活化试剂的用量为氨基树脂中氨基总摩尔数的1.2~6倍,优选的为2.5~3.5倍。
作为本发明优选的方案,所述的脱去Fmoc保护的试剂为PIP/DMF(哌啶/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)混合溶液,混合溶液中含哌啶为10~30%(V)。去Fmoc保护试剂的用量为每克氨基树脂5~15mL,优选的为每克氨基树脂8~12mL。
优选的,肽树脂经酸解同时脱去树脂及侧链保护基得到粗品:
进一步优选的,所述肽树脂酸解时采用的酸解剂为三氟醋酸(TFA)、1,2-乙二硫醇(EDT)和水的混合溶剂,混合溶剂的体积配比为:TFA为80~95%,EDT为1~10%,余量为水。
更进一步优选的,混合溶剂的体积配比为:TFA为89~91%、EDT为4~6%,余量为水。最优的,混合溶剂的体积配比为:TFA为90%、EDT为5%,余量为水。
所述酸解剂用量为每克肽树脂需要4~15mL酸解剂;优选的,每克肽树脂需要7~10mL酸解剂。
使用酸解剂裂解的时间为室温条件下1~6小时,优选的为3~4小时。
进一步的,粗品经高效液相色谱纯化、冻干得到纯品。
1、肽树脂的合成
使用Rink Amide BHHA树脂为载体树脂,通过去Fmoc保护和偶联反应,依次与下表所示的保护氨基酸偶联,制得肽树脂。本实施例使用的保护氨基酸相对应的保护氨基酸如下所示:
(1)接入主链第1个保护氨基酸
取0.03mol第1个保护氨基酸和0.03mol HOBt,用适量DMF溶解;另取0.03mol DIC,搅拌下慢慢加入至保护氨基酸DMF溶液中,于室温环境中搅拌反应30分钟,得到活化后的保护氨基酸溶液,备用。
取0.01mol的Rink amide MBHA树脂(取代值约0.4mmol/g),采用20%PIP/DMF溶液去保护25分钟,洗涤过滤得到去Fmoc的树脂。
将活化后的第1个保护氨基酸溶液加入到已去Fmoc的树脂中,偶联反应60~300分钟,过滤洗涤,得含1个保护氨基酸的树脂。
(2)接入主链第2~39个保护氨基酸
采用上述接入主链第1个保护氨基酸同样方法,依次接入上述对应的第2~39个保护氨基酸,得含主链39个氨基酸的树脂。
(3)接入侧链第1个保护氨基酸
取0.03mol侧链第1个保护氨基酸和0.03mol HOBt,用适量DMF溶解;另取0.03molDIC,搅拌下慢慢加入至保护氨基酸DMF溶液中,于室温环境中搅拌反应30分钟,得到活化后的保护氨基酸溶液。
取2.5mmol四三苯基膦钯和25mmol苯硅烷,用适量二氯甲烷溶解,去保护4小时,过滤洗涤,得到去Alloc的树脂备用。
将加入活化后的侧链第1个保护氨基酸液加入到已去Alloc的树脂,偶联反应60~300分钟,过滤洗涤,得含侧链第1个保护氨基酸的树脂。
(4)接入侧链第2~4个保护氨基酸
采用上述接入主链第1个保护氨基酸同样方法,依次接入侧链对应的第2~4个保护氨基酸和单保护脂肪酸,得到肽树脂。
2、粗品的制备
取上述肽树脂,加入体积比为TFA︰水︰EDT=95︰5︰5的裂解试剂(裂解试剂10mL/克树脂),搅拌均匀,室温搅拌反应3小时,反应混合物使用砂芯漏斗过滤,收集滤液,树脂再用少量TFA洗涤3次,合并滤液后减压浓缩,加入无水乙醚沉淀,再用无水乙醚洗沉淀3次,抽干得类白色粉末即为粗品。
3、纯品的制备
取上述粗品,加水搅拌,用氨水调pH8.0至完全溶解,溶液用0.45μm混合微孔滤膜过滤,纯化备用;
采用高效液相色谱法进行纯化,纯化用色谱填料为10μm的反相C18,流动相系统为0.1%TFA/水溶液-0.1%TFA/乙腈溶液,30mm*250mm的色谱柱流速为20mL/min,采用梯度系统洗脱,循环进样纯化,取粗品溶液上样于色谱柱中,启动流动相洗脱,收集主峰蒸去乙腈后,得纯化中间体浓缩液;
纯化中间体浓缩液用0.45μm滤膜滤过备用,采用高效液相色谱法进行换盐,流动相系统为1%醋酸/水溶液-乙腈,纯化用色谱填料为10μm的反相C18,30mm*250mm的色谱柱流速为20mL/min(可根据不同规格的色谱柱,调整相应的流速);采用梯度洗脱,循环上样方法,上样于色谱柱中,启动流动相洗脱,采集图谱,观测吸收度的变化,收集换盐主峰并用分析液相检测纯度,合并换盐主峰溶液,减压浓缩,得到纯品醋酸水溶液,冷冻干燥,得纯品5.5g,纯度为97.5%,总收率为11.4%。分子量为4781.4(100%M+H)。
实施例2化合物2的制备
Tyr-Dhval-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhval-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(AEEA-AEEA-γ-Glu-18烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
制备方法同实施例1,使用的保护氨基酸如下表:
得纯品6.1g,纯度为96.9%,总收率为12.5%。分子量为4809.5(100%M+H)。
实施例3化合物3的制备
Tyr-Dhthr-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhthr-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(PEG5CH2CO-γGlu-18烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
制备方法同实施例1,使用的保护氨基酸如下表:
得纯品7.4g,纯度为96.3%,总收率为15.3%。分子量为4768.4(100%M+H)。
实施例4化合物4的制备
Tyr-Dhval-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhval-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(PEG5CH2CO-γGlu-18烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
制备方法同实施例1,使用的保护氨基酸如下表:
得纯品7.1g,纯度为96.8%,总收率为14.6%。分子量为4796.5(100%M+H)。
实施例5化合物5的制备
Tyr-Dhthr-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhthr-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(AEEA-AEEA-γ-Glu-20烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
制备方法同实施例1,使用的保护氨基酸如下表:
得纯品7.1g,纯度为98.3%,总收率为14.5%。分子量为4809.4(100%M+H)。
实施例6化合物6的制备
Tyr-Dhthr-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhthr-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(PEG5CH2CO-γGlu-20烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
制备方法同实施例1,使用的保护氨基酸如下表:
得纯品6.7g,纯度为97.4%,总收率为13.8%。分子量为4796.4(100%M+H)。
实施例7活性测定
1、测定方法
GLP-1R主要存在于胰岛β细胞表面,是一种G蛋白偶联的受体(GPCRs)。GLP-1R在其特异性的激动剂的刺激下,能激活细胞内腺苷酸环化酶通路,升高cAMP水平,最终导致胰岛素的生成和释放。通过待测物刺激稳定转染了GLP-1R的细胞株,使细胞胞内cAMP水平迅速升高,通过化学发光方法测定各剂量刺激细胞后的相对光单位(RLU),进而计算出激动剂的EC50,该活性测定方法是目前国内外通用的GLP-1受体激动剂活性检测方法。
我们采用了稳定表达GLP-1R的CHO-K1细胞株,用不同浓度的激动剂刺激稳转细胞,通过测定各剂量刺激后细胞后的相对光单位,进而得到激动剂的生物活性。
2、测定结果
测定结果见下表:
化合物编号 | 生物活性(%) |
化合物1 | 121.72 |
化合物2 | 66.57 |
化合物3 | 70.25 |
化合物4 | 55.81 |
化合物5 | 117.5 |
化合物6 | 102.6 |
实施例8初步药代特性的测定
将每个化合物分两个给药组:SD大鼠,每组雄各4只,共8只。
尾静脉静注组:剂量为1mg/kg,分别于药前(0h)、以及给药后30min、1h、2h、4h、8h、24h、48h、96h、144h大鼠眼眶静脉取血,离心分离血浆样本。
皮下给药组:剂量为1mg/kg,分别于药前(0h)、以及给药后1h、2h、3h、4h、8h、24h、48h、96h、144h大鼠眼眶静脉取血,离心分离血浆样本。
用液质联用法分别测定SD大鼠血浆样本中相应化合物的血药浓度,静脉和皮下给药后,化合物SD大鼠皮下(SC)给药半衰期见下表:
化合物 | t1/2(h) |
化合物1 | 9.1 |
化合物2 | 8.7 |
化合物3 | 9.5 |
化合物4 | 9.3 |
化合物5 | 10.2 |
化合物6 | 11.0 |
Claims (4)
1.具有如下结构的替瑞帕肽类似物:
Tyr-Dhthr-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhthr-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(AEEA-AEEA-γGlu-18烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
Tyr-Dhval-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhval-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(AEEA-AEEA-γ-Glu-18烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
Tyr-Dhthr-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhthr-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(PEG5CH2CO-γGlu-18烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
Tyr-Dhval-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhval-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(PEG5CH2CO-γGlu-18烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
Tyr-Dhthr-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhthr-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(AEEA-AEEA-γ-Glu-20烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
Tyr-Dhthr-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Ile-Dhthr-Leu-Asp-Lys-Ile-Ala-Gln-Lys(PEG5CH2CO-γGlu-20烷二酸)-Ala-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2。
2.一种权利要求1所述的替瑞帕肽类似物所成的可药用的盐、溶剂化物。
3.一种包含权利要求1所述的替瑞帕肽类似物的药物组合物。
4.一种权利要求1所述的替瑞帕肽类似物在制备治疗II型糖尿病的药物中的应用。
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