CN111318790A - Submerged arc welding method - Google Patents

Abstract

A submerged-arc welding method includes a preliminary step, a positioning step, a backing step, and a joining step. Preparing two welding materials in the preparation step, wherein each welding material comprises an upper surface, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface and an inclined surface for connecting the upper surface and the lower surface, each inclined surface faces to the inclined surface of the other welding material, and an included angle of 10-30 degrees is formed between the inclined surfaces. In the positioning step, the welding materials are arranged at intervals of 2 mm to 5 mm in horizontal intervals. In the backing step, a ceramic pad unit is detachably connected to the lower surface, and finally, in the joining step, the inclined surface is connected by welding flux, and the ceramic pad unit is removed, so that the welding of the welding materials is completed.

Description

Submerged arc welding method

technical field

The invention relates to a welding method, in particular to a submerged arc welding method.

Background technique

1 and 2, it is an existing double-sided submerged arc welding method, which is suitable for welding two sheets of steel plates 4, and includes a preliminary step S51, a positioning step S52, a first joining step S53, a Turn over step S54, and a second joining step S55. In the preparatory step S51, two steel plates 4 are prepared, and then in the positioning step S52, the steel plates 4 are oriented with the side to be welded facing each other and close to each other. At this time, a 50 is formed between the upper surfaces 41 of the steel plates 4. angle α in degrees. Next, the first joining step S53 is performed to weld the steel plates 4 from the upper surfaces 41 of the steel plates 4 by heating the solder 5 with an arc of 1000 amperes. Since the first joining step S53 can only connect the upper surfaces of the steel plates 4 41, the turning step S54 must be performed again to turn the steel plates 4 upside down, and finally the lower surfaces 42 of the steel plates 4 are welded by the second joining step S55.

Since there is no gap left between the steel plates 4, if only the first joining step S53 is used for welding, it is difficult for the solder 5 to completely penetrate into the lower surfaces 42 of the steel plates 4, and it is necessary to strengthen the angle α and the current The penetration depth of the solder 5 is determined, and the steel plates 4 are turned over to perform the second joining step S55 to form, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, a relatively large amount of solder 5 needs to be used to fill the included angle α, and these steel plates 4 are also thermally affected in a large range and to a greater extent, resulting in unsightly welded joints and easy cracks.

In addition, there is a single-sided submerged arc welding method as shown in FIG. 3 , which is to connect a backing 6 to the lower surface 42 of these steel plates 4 after the steel plates 4 are positioned, and from the upper surface 41 of the steel plates 4 The steel plates 4 are welded by heating the solder 5 with an arc, and then the backing 6 is removed to complete the welding operation. Since in the existing single-side submerged arc welding method, a metal backing made of copper is often used as the backing 6, in order to avoid damage to the backing 6 due to direct arc contact, the steel plates 4 must be arranged close together , on the contrary, it is easy to prevent the solder 5 from penetrating into the lower surfaces 42 , resulting in soldering failure, so it needs to be improved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a submerged arc welding method that can be formed only by welding on one side.

The submerged arc welding method of the present invention includes a preparation step, a positioning step, a backing step, and a joining step. In the preparatory step, two welding materials are prepared, each of which includes an upper surface, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and a slope connecting the upper surface and the lower surface, each slope facing the other The inclined plane of the welding material, and the inclined plane forms an included angle of 10 degrees to 30 degrees. In the positioning step, the welding materials are arranged at a horizontal interval of 2 mm to 5 mm. In the backing step, a ceramic pad unit is detachably connected to the lower surface, and finally, in the joining step, the slope is connected with solder, and the ceramic pad unit is removed to complete the soldering Welding of materials.

The purpose of the present invention and the solution to its technical problems can be further achieved by adopting the following technical measures.

Preferably, in the aforementioned submerged arc welding method, in the backing step, the ceramic backing unit includes an aluminum foil layer for adhering to the welding material, and a ceramic layer covering the aluminum foil layer. Floor.

Preferably, in the aforementioned submerged arc welding method, wherein, in the backing step, the ceramic gasket unit includes a metal shell with an opening facing upward, a high-temperature resistant metal shell arranged around the inner wall of the metal shell. An elastic member, a plurality of thermosetting resin composite materials inside the metal shell, and a welding cloth covering the thermosetting resin composite materials.

Preferably, in the aforementioned submerged arc welding method, wherein, in the backing step, the ceramic pad unit comprises a welding cloth placed on the lower surface of the welding material, and a plurality of pads placed under the welding cloth. The thermosetting resin composite material, and the aluminum foil tape for laminating the welding material and the thermosetting resin composite material.

Preferably, in the aforementioned submerged arc welding method, in the backing step, each thermosetting resin composite material has resin particles and a ceramic surface layer covering the resin particles.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the soldering material is connected with the ceramic pad unit which is not easily damaged by the arc, so that the soldering material can be arranged at the horizontal interval to provide a space for the solder to flow, and the penetration of the solder can be improved. The welding of the welding material can be completed by only one bonding step from one side, which saves time and effort, and the angle of the included angle can be reduced to save the amount of solder. In addition, since the step of re-welding from the upper surface of the welding material is omitted, and it is not necessary to increase the penetration depth of the solder with a high-current arc, welding can be performed with a lower-current arc, and the welding can be reduced in size. The degree of influence of heat on the material makes the welded product more beautiful and durable.

Description of drawings

1 is a method flow diagram illustrating a conventional double-sided submerged arc welding method;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the execution flow of the existing double-sided submerged arc welding method in conjunction with Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the execution flow of a conventional single-side submerged arc welding method;

4 is a method flow diagram illustrating a first embodiment, a second embodiment, and a third embodiment of the submerged arc welding method of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the execution flow of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment in conjunction with FIG. 4;

6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a ceramic gasket unit of the second embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a situation in which solder is received by the ceramic pad unit of the second embodiment; and

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the ceramic pad unit of the third embodiment.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail:

Before the present invention is described in detail, it should be noted that in the following description, similar elements are designated by the same reference numerals.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5 , a first embodiment of the submerged arc welding method of the present invention includes a preliminary step S1 , a positioning step S2 , a backing step S3 , and a joining step S4 .

First, two welding materials 1 are prepared in the preliminary step S1. In the first embodiment, these welding materials 1 are illustrated by taking steel plates with a thickness of 15 mm to 25 mm as an example. This is limited. Each welding material 1 includes an upper surface 11 , a lower surface 12 opposite to the upper surface 11 , and an inclined surface 13 connecting the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 , each inclined surface 13 facing the other welding material 1 . Inclined surfaces 13, and an included angle θ of 10 degrees to 30 degrees is formed between these inclined surfaces 13 .

In order to increase the weight consumed by the solder per unit time (hereinafter referred to as the penetration rate), in this embodiment, the thicker the thickness of the soldering materials 1 is, the smaller the included angle θ is. For example, when welding steel plates with a thickness of 15 mm to 16 mm, the included angle θ is preferably 30 degrees, and when welding steel plates with a thickness of 25 mm, the included angle θ is preferably 25 degrees. However, it is also possible to use The included angle θ is maintained at 30 degrees, and iron powder is added to assist welding in the joining step S4 , which can also improve the fusion rate.

In the positioning step S2, the welding materials 1 are arranged at intervals of a horizontal distance D of 2 mm to 5 mm, so that the inclined surfaces 13 do not contact each other. When the horizontal distance D is relatively large, iron powder can also be added to assist welding in the joining step S4 to improve the fusion rate.

In the backing step S3, a ceramic backing unit 2 is detachably connected to the lower surfaces 12 of the soldering materials 1. In the first embodiment, the ceramic backing unit 2 includes a The aluminum foil layers of the welding materials 1 and a ceramic layer (not shown) covering the aluminum foil layers can quickly locate the welding materials 1 . The ceramic pad unit 2 is attached to the lower surfaces 12 with the aluminum foil layer, so that the soldering materials 1 are temporarily connected by the ceramic pad unit 2 .

Finally, in the joining step S4 , the solder 3 is heated between the inclined surfaces 13 to connect the solder materials 1 , and the ceramic pad unit 2 is removed to complete the welding of the solder materials 1 . In the first embodiment, welding is performed at a speed of 24 cm to 26 cm per minute by an arc with a voltage of 31 volts to 32 volts and a current of 920 amperes to 960 amperes. The solder 3 flowing downward during the heating process can avoid soldering failure due to the loss of the solder 3 . In addition, according to the angle of the included angle θ, or the width of the horizontal distance D and other variables, iron powder can be added to assist the welding, and the success rate of welding and the aesthetics of the finished product can be improved by increasing the fill rate.

Since the ceramic pad unit 2 has a higher ability to withstand arcs than the existing metal pads, it is not easy to be damaged even if it directly contacts the arc, that is, the welding materials 1 can be arranged at the horizontal distance D, which can provide the flow of the solder 3 To ensure that the solder 3 can penetrate into the bottom of the inclined surfaces 13, so that the inclined surfaces 13 can be completely connected by the solder 3, and the included angle θ can be reduced to 10 degrees to 30 degrees, reducing the amount of solder 3 used. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the welding material 1 only needs to be welded once in the joining step S4 , and the welding materials 1 can be welded and formed, and there is no need to turn over for the second joining, which can reduce the cost of welding materials and labor. At the same time, the included angle θ can reduce the splashed solder 3 , improve the welding efficiency, and prevent the upper surfaces 11 of the soldering materials 1 from being damaged by the splashed solder 3 .

In addition, since the horizontal distance D increases the penetration depth of the solder 3, only a lower current arc is required for welding to achieve a good welding effect, which not only reduces the energy consumption required for welding, but also reduces these welding materials. 1 The thermal influence and thermal stress made the welded product less likely to be deteriorated, deformed, or cracked internally due to excessive heat. Therefore, the welding according to the first embodiment can save time and manpower required for the welding operation, and can reduce the thermally affected range of the welding materials 1 , so that the welded product is more beautiful and durable.

4 to 6 , a second embodiment of the submerged arc welding method of the present invention differs from the first embodiment only in the form of the ceramic gasket unit 2 . In the second embodiment, the ceramic gasket unit 2 includes a metal shell 21 with an opening facing upward, a high temperature resistant elastic member 22 disposed around the inner wall of the metal shell 21 , a plurality of Thermosetting resin composite materials 23 inside the casing 21 , and a welding cloth 24 covering the thermosetting resin composite materials 23 . Each thermosetting resin composite material 23 has a resin particle and a ceramic surface layer (not shown) covering the resin particle.

Referring to FIGS. 4 , 6 and 7 , in the backing step S3 , when the ceramic backing unit 2 is connected to the lower surfaces 12 of the welding materials 1 , the high temperature resistant elastic member 22 will abut against the lower surfaces 12, the ceramic gasket unit 2 can be more closely attached to the lower surfaces 12, and the welded product can be more beautiful. In the bonding step S4, the thermosetting resin composite materials 23 are cured by heating, and can receive the solder 3 flowing toward the ceramic pad unit 2 during the heating process as shown in FIG. 7 . In the second embodiment, the high temperature resistant elastic member 22 is a silicone ring, but it is not limited to this, as long as it is an elastic body that can withstand the welding temperature and can be compressed. In addition, these thermosetting resin composite materials 23 can withstand 1500° C. to 2000° C. and are not easily damaged by direct contact with the arc, and the solder cloth 24 can prevent these thermosetting resin composite materials 23 from being mixed with solder 3 from curing. The ceramic pad unit 2 can be easily removed in S4.

Referring to FIG. 8 , and referring to FIG. 5 again, a third embodiment of the submerged arc welding method of the present invention is different from the second embodiment in that the ceramic gasket unit 2 only includes these thermosetting resin composite materials 23 , The soldering cloth 24 and an aluminum foil tape 25 for attaching the soldering materials 1 and the thermosetting resin composite materials 23 . In the third embodiment, the thermosetting resin composite materials 23 are directly heated at a temperature of 100° C. to 200° C., so that the thermosetting resin composite materials 23 are directly cured and formed as shown in FIG. The cured thermosetting resin composite materials 23 are placed on the solder cloth 24, and then the thermosetting resin composite materials 23 are attached to the lower surface 12 of the welding materials 1 with the aluminum foil tape 25. The thermosetting resin The composite material 23 can receive the solder 3 flowing toward the ceramic pad unit 2 during the heating process. In practical application, different forms of the ceramic pad unit 2 can be selected according to requirements, and the first embodiment, the second embodiment, or the third embodiment can be used for welding.

Claims (5)

1. A submerged arc welding method comprising the steps of: the method comprises the steps of preparation, positioning, backing and bonding, and is characterized in that:

preparing two welding materials in the preparation step, wherein each welding material comprises an upper surface, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface and an inclined surface for connecting the upper surface and the lower surface, each inclined surface faces to the inclined surface of the other welding material, and an included angle of 10-30 degrees is formed between the inclined surfaces;

in the positioning step, the welding materials are arranged at intervals of 2-5 mm horizontal intervals;

in the backing step, detachably attaching a ceramic pad unit to the lower surface;

in the joining step, the inclined surfaces are connected by solder, and the ceramic pad unit is removed, completing the welding of the welding material.

2. The submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the backing step, the ceramic pad unit includes an aluminum foil layer for attaching to the solder material, and a ceramic layer coated on the aluminum foil layer.

3. The submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the backing step, the ceramic liner unit comprises a metal shell with an upward opening, a high-temperature-resistant elastic piece arranged around the inner wall surface of the metal shell, a plurality of thermosetting resin composite materials positioned in the metal shell, and welding cloth covering the thermosetting resin composite materials.

4. The submerged arc welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the backing step, the ceramic pad unit includes a welding cloth laid on a lower surface of the welding material, a plurality of thermosetting resin composite materials laid under the welding cloth, and an aluminum foil tape for attaching the welding material and the thermosetting resin composite materials.

5. The submerged arc welding method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: in the backing step, each thermosetting resin composite material has resin particles, and a ceramic surface layer covering the resin particles.

Images