CN111303926A - Recycling treatment process for waste plastics - Google Patents
Recycling treatment process for waste plastics Download PDFInfo
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- CN111303926A CN111303926A CN202010149802.4A CN202010149802A CN111303926A CN 111303926 A CN111303926 A CN 111303926A CN 202010149802 A CN202010149802 A CN 202010149802A CN 111303926 A CN111303926 A CN 111303926A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
- B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a waste plastic recycling treatment process, which belongs to the technical field of waste plastic recycling and comprises the following steps: (1) pre-selecting a separation process to obtain impurity-free waste plastics, impurity-containing waste plastics and plastic impurities; (2) a melting granulation process is carried out to obtain plastic regenerated particles and waste gas containing tar; (3) performing thermal cracking process to obtain a pyrolysis oil-gas mixture and carbon residue; (4) a mixed burning process, wherein the tar-containing waste gas and the pyrolysis oil-gas mixture are fully combusted to generate heat energy; (5) the energy conversion and utilization process converts heat energy into hot flue gas, hot steam or electric energy to provide kinetic energy for the thermal cracking process and the melting granulation process. The treatment process has low energy consumption, low dependence degree on raw materials and low operation cost, and the environment-friendly means is more thorough.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste plastic recycling, and particularly relates to a waste plastic recycling treatment process.
Background
Plastics are a novel material appearing in the beginning of the 20 th century, and are widely used in various fields such as aviation, automobiles, household appliances, packaging building materials, medical appliances and the like at present. With the continuous development of the plastic industry, the problem of waste plastics is increasingly serious. The waste plastics are degraded very slowly in natural environment, and usually take decades or even more than a hundred years. According to statistics, the plastic yield in 2017 all over the world is 3.3 million tons, wherein 1.3 million tons of plastics are produced in China, the recovery rate is only 10%, 12% of the plastics enter a waste incineration system along with domestic waste, most of the rest plastics enter a landfill process, and even 8 million tons of marine waste float on the sea.
The waste plastics have the dual attributes of resources and wastes, are properly treated, can reduce the burden on the environment and can obtain abundant benefits.
The waste plastic granulation is the most mature in the field of domestic waste plastic recovery, and about 15000 enterprises engaged in plastic granulation regeneration are in China. By recycling granulation, the waste plastics can be reused directly or mixed with other materials to make new usable materials. However, due to the defects of the waste plastic regeneration granulation system, only specific types of waste plastics can be used for regeneration, and the waste plastics entering the system are required to be cleaned plastics, so that the system is easy to block if the waste plastics are mixed with silt and metal products. In summary, the waste plastic recycling granulation has the following three aspects of pollution: 1. water pollution caused by plastic washing; 2. air pollution caused by discharge of VOCs in the process of waste plastic regeneration granulation; 3. solid waste pollution caused by waste plastics which can not enter a regeneration granulation system.
Therefore, the method has great industrial value for recycling and granulating the waste plastics. The chinese patent application CN109435107A (a process system for recycling waste plastics) introduces a process system for recycling waste plastics, which comprises the following steps in sequence: mechanically shredding waste plastics, removing light impurities, carrying out friction cleaning by using saline water, cleaning and dehydrating, carrying out metal removal treatment, crushing and drying, carrying out hot melting granulation, screening and drying, carrying out wastewater treatment and carrying out waste gas treatment; however, the patent does not mention how the plastic washed out by the screen and unable to enter the granulator is treated in the washing and dewatering process, and the patent does not mention the types of waste plastics to which the scheme is applicable.
The Chinese patent application CN110585844A (a plastic granulation waste gas treatment system and a waste gas treatment process) cools high-temperature gas into low-temperature gas through a condensing pipe, then the low-temperature gas enters a spraying packed tower for spraying, and in the spraying process, specific spraying liquid is selected to filter large-particle residues and grease, so that the filtering safety is improved. In the process method, the high-temperature gas is directly cooled in a condensation mode, so that a great deal of heat is wasted. Chinese utility model patent CN205287968U (a waste plastic granulation exhaust-gas treatment system) at first gets rid of the water-soluble material in the waste gas through whirl washing device, is passing through the organic waste gas treatment device schizolysis of low temperature plasma and oxidizing the organic macromolecule in the waste gas to make it degrade into pollution-free micromolecule material, this kind of exhaust-gas treatment system equipment is complicated, and the operation is inconvenient.
Therefore, in the waste plastic treatment system in the prior art, the technical problem of how to retreat the waste plastic after re-screening is not effectively solved: according to statistics, the waste plastics discarded by granulation enterprises have different proportions along with different qualities of waste plastic raw materials. In individual waste plastic granulation enterprises, the waste plastic even accounts for 30-40% of the raw material; the main components of the waste are waste plastics, but the waste plastics are poor in quality, various in types and mixed with various sundries, secondary pollution to the environment is more serious after the waste plastics are discarded, and the waste of the waste plastics is also a great waste for waste plastics granulation enterprises. Meanwhile, the technical problems of energy waste and complex treatment process exist in the treatment process of high-temperature waste gas generated in the waste plastic treatment process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that in the thermal cracking treatment process of waste plastics in the prior art, the screened waste plastics can not be effectively utilized, the organic waste gas generated by thermal cracking is not thoroughly treated, so that the environment is polluted, the heat energy of high-temperature organic waste gas can not be fully utilized and the like.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a waste plastic recycling treatment process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) a pre-selection separation process: carrying out preselection separation on the waste plastics to obtain impurity-free waste plastics, impurity-containing waste plastics and plastic impurities;
(2) and (3) a melting granulation process: sending the waste plastics without impurities into a melting granulation system to obtain plastic regeneration particles, and discharging waste gas containing tar;
(3) the thermal cracking process comprises the following steps: sending the waste plastics containing impurities into a thermal cracking system, converting the waste plastics into a pyrolysis oil-gas mixture, and discharging carbon residues;
(4) a mixed incineration process: the mixture of the tar-containing waste gas and the pyrolysis oil gas is sent into a mixed incineration system for full combustion to generate heat energy;
(5) the energy conversion and utilization process comprises the following steps: converting heat energy into hot flue gas to provide kinetic energy for the thermal cracking process in the step (3), converting the heat energy into matched energy for the melting granulation process in the step (2), and generating excess heat energy after the energy is converted and utilized;
further, the waste plastics in the step (1) comprise at least one plastic component and non-plastic impurities, wherein the mass content of the non-plastic impurities is not less than 5%; furthermore, the content of non-plastic impurities can be larger than or equal to 10%.
The pre-selection separation process in the step (1) comprises the steps of crushing, washing, iron removal and separation;
the non-plastic impurities comprise one or more of metal, silt, nylon materials and biomass impurities;
the impurity-free waste plastic is waste plastic with less than or equal to 1% of non-plastic impurities;
the waste plastic containing impurities is waste plastic with non-plastic impurities more than 1%;
the plastic-free impurities may be silt, metal substances, or small amounts of biomass-like isolates, such as branches, straw, etc., which are foreign substances mixed in during the recovery of waste plastics and which, after separation in the treatment process, can be disposed of as waste.
The melting granulation process of the step (2) comprises the following steps: melting the impurity-free waste plastic at the temperature of 150-300 ℃, pressing the mixture into strips, cooling and hardening the strips, and granulating the strips; the plastic regenerated particles obtained after granulation can be reused as plastic particle raw materials. The tar-containing waste gas refers to waste gas containing monocyclic, fused ring or heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon generated in the process of heating plastics; in the melting granulation process, the heating form is one of hot steam heating, electric heating or hot flue gas heating;
the thermal cracking process conditions of the step (3) are as follows: the reaction temperature is 400 ℃ and 800 ℃, and the molar content of oxygen in the reaction process is less than 10 percent; the pyrolysis oil-gas mixture comprises: one or more of C1-C12 organic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide; the carbon slag is solid powder and can be discharged from the thermal cracking furnace as slag, and the discharged carbon slag can be reused as a filler of building materials; the heating form of the thermal cracking process is heating by hot flue gas; the temperature of the hot flue gas is 800-1200 ℃;
in the mixed incineration process in the step (4), the reaction temperature of mixed incineration is 900-1400 ℃;
in the energy conversion and utilization process in the step (5), the matched energy refers to one of hot flue gas, hot steam and electric energy;
further, in the step (5), converting heat energy into hot flue gas through a blower, and converting the heat energy into hot steam through a steam boiler; converting the heat energy into electric energy through a steam turbine;
the gas burned in the mixed burning process can pass through a conventional water spraying and cloth bag dust removing system to reach the qualified emission standard, and the emission is mainly carbon dioxide.
In addition, in the energy conversion and utilization process of the present invention, surplus matching energy sources, such as hot flue gas, hot steam, electric energy, etc., may be generated, and these surplus matching energy sources may be connected with other mechanical devices or lighting systems of the production process plant in a certain manner, and provide power for these mechanical devices, or provide electric energy for the lighting systems, so that the energy consumption of the whole production process plant may also be saved, and thus the process has certain commercial value.
Compared with the prior art, the waste plastic recycling treatment process has the following advantages:
(1) the melting granulation process needs heat energy, and in the traditional process, only the washed impurity-free waste plastic can be granulated and the impurity-containing waste plastic is discarded for treating the high-impurity-content waste plastic with the impurity content of non-plastic being not less than 5%; the process of the invention converts the waste plastics containing impurities into heat energy through a thermal cracking process, then converts the heat energy into electric energy or steam for a melting granulation process, connects the melting granulation process and the thermal cracking process through an energy conversion process, and realizes the maximum utilization of the heat energy by utilizing the thermal cracking process steps, so the comprehensive energy consumption of the process is low.
(2) The waste plastics with high purity and good quality are resources which are mutually striven for by waste plastics granulation enterprises all the time; the discarded plastic leftover materials and the recycled PET beverage bottles of the plastic processing factory are accepted high-quality raw materials, most of the raw materials can enter a granulation system after being cleaned and screened, but the raw materials have higher cost and are in short supply in the market and are not easy to obtain; the process comprises a pre-preselection separation process and a thermal cracking process, is suitable for treating various waste plastics, can effectively utilize even the mixed waste plastics screened from the household garbage, and has low dependence on raw materials, so the operation cost is lower.
(3) The emission of VOCs and tar pollutants in the granulation process is always a difficult problem to be treated by granulation enterprises, the problem can be solved by high-temperature incineration, but the granulation system independently consumes a large amount of energy by high-temperature incineration, the treatment cost cannot be borne by the granulation enterprises, the process can utilize the heat generated by the system, the exhaust gas in the granulation process is thoroughly solved by the most thorough process, the operation cost cannot be increased, and the pollution of the exhaust gas is solved from the actual operation angle; meanwhile, the waste plastics which are screened and cannot enter the granulation system can be utilized after being subjected to thermal cracking, so that the pollution of solid wastes in the granulation process can be solved, and the environment-friendly means is more thorough.
Drawings
FIG. 1: process flow chart of waste plastic resource treatment
FIG. 2: flow diagram of pre-separation process
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described by the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of a waste plastic recycling process is given, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the recovered high-impurity-content waste plastic with the non-plastic impurity content of not less than 5% is subjected to the pre-selection separation process of step (1), and after crushing, washing, iron removal and separation, the impurity-containing waste plastic with the non-plastic impurity content of not less than 1%, non-plastic impurity and non-plastic impurity content of more than 1% is obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, in the preselection separation process, the waste plastics with high impurity content are firstly coarsely crushed by a coarse-tooth crusher, the coarsely crushed plastics are strip-shaped, and the coarsely crushed plastics contain silt, iron and other impurities mixed in the waste plastics; the coarsely crushed plastic enters a plastic cleaning machine for cleaning, the plastic washed from the top of the plastic cleaning machine is plastic with little impurity content, and the plastic can directly enter a melting granulation system after being finely crushed; the plastic washed from the bottom of the plastic cleaning agent is plastic with a large impurity content, and the plastic needs to be deironized, enters a fine-tooth crusher and then can directly enter a thermal cracking system.
The pretreatment system, the cracking system and the melting granulation system belong to the relationship of front and back process points, and can be linked with each other through a conveying belt or a pipe chain conveyor or a forklift for moving materials.
After the non-impurity waste plastic enters the melting granulation process stage in the step (2), melting the non-impurity waste plastic at the temperature of 150-300 ℃, pressing the non-impurity waste plastic into strips, cooling and hardening the non-impurity waste plastic, and then granulating the non-impurity waste plastic to obtain plastic regeneration particles; and simultaneously discharging tar-containing waste gas, wherein the tar-containing waste gas is waste gas containing monocyclic, fused ring or heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon generated in the process of heating the plastic, and the tar-containing waste gas is conveyed to an energy conversion system through a pipeline with an additional heat preservation device. For the melt granulation equipment, the heating form may be any one of hot steam heating, electric heating or hot flue gas heating.
And (3) performing a thermal cracking process in the step (3), wherein the thermal cracking process is to decompose the waste plastic containing impurities at the reaction temperature of 400-800 ℃ under an oxygen control condition (specifically, the oxygen content is less than 10%) to generate a pyrolysis oil-gas mixture and carbon residue, the pyrolysis oil-gas mixture is one or more of C1-C12 organic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the mixture is combustible gas or liquid, and the carbon residue is solid powder. For the thermal cracking process, the heating form is heating by hot flue gas, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is 800-.
And (3) conveying the tar-containing waste gas generated in the step (2) and the pyrolysis oil-gas mixture generated in the step (3) into an energy conversion system through a pipeline with an external heat preservation device, entering a mixed incineration process in the step (4), and fully combusting at the reaction temperature of 900-1400 ℃ to generate heat energy.
The heat energy generated in the step (4) enters the energy conversion process in the step (5), and the heat energy can be converted into hot flue gas through a blower; converting heat energy into hot steam through a steam boiler; converting the heat energy into electric energy through a steam turbine; wherein the hot flue gas can be used for the thermal cracking process in the step (3), and the hot flue gas, the hot steam and the electric energy can be used for the melting and granulating process in the step (2).
For a melting granulation system, when a heat source is hot flue gas, the plastic granulator is provided with a jacket for the hot flue gas to pass through; when the heat source is hot steam, the plastic granulator is provided with a jacket for the hot steam to pass through; when the heat source is electric energy, the plastic granulator can heat the waste plastics without impurities in the equipment through the electric heating plate.
The gas burned in the mixed burning process can reach the qualified emission standard through a conventional water spraying and cloth bag dust removing system, and the emission is mainly carbon dioxide.
The heating form of the melting granulation system is used as electric energy for calculation, and if 1 ton of waste plastics can be directly granulated, about 60 percent of waste plastics can not be granulated and need to enter a cracking system; then: 600kg of waste plastics are electrically heated, and 180 kw.h of electric energy is consumed; 400kg of waste plastics enters a cracking system, and 247.2 kw.h electric energy can be additionally generated after the self-used energy of the cracking system is removed; in conclusion, the total granulation power consumption does not need to supply electric energy outside the system, and 67.2 kw.h electric energy can be accumulated; in a comprehensive view, 600kg of plastic particles and 67.2 kw.h of electric energy can be obtained from 1 ton of waste plastics, no extra electric energy is consumed, and solid wastes which cannot be granulated are consumed; compared with the traditional single granulation system, the system consumes 180 kw.h of electric energy to obtain 600kg of plastics and simultaneously has 400kg of solid wastes which can not be granulated. Therefore, the process method of the invention can save energy and reduce the discharge of waste.
Meanwhile, pollutants discharged by a conventional granulating system are mainly VOCs of tar generated in the plastic heating process, and the tar gas mainly contains biphenyl substances and is pungent in smell. The treatment process of the invention can burn and consume VOCs of tar in the granulation system and combustible gas generated by the cracking system, and gas components discharged into the atmosphere are mainly carbon dioxide, thus causing no additional pollution to the atmosphere.
Therefore, the treatment process can save a large amount of energy and has low environmental pollution.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A process for recycling waste plastics comprises the following steps:
(1) a pre-selection separation process: carrying out preselection separation on the waste plastics to obtain impurity-free waste plastics, impurity-containing waste plastics and plastic impurities;
(2) and (3) a melting granulation process: sending the waste plastics without impurities into a melting granulation system to obtain plastic regeneration particles, and discharging waste gas containing tar;
(3) the thermal cracking process comprises the following steps: sending the waste plastics containing impurities into a thermal cracking system, converting the waste plastics into a pyrolysis oil-gas mixture, and discharging carbon residues;
(4) a mixed incineration process: the mixture of the tar-containing waste gas and the pyrolysis oil gas is sent into a mixed incineration system for full combustion to generate heat energy;
(5) the energy conversion and utilization process comprises the following steps: converting the heat energy into the hot flue gas to provide kinetic energy for the thermal cracking process in the step (3), and simultaneously converting the heat energy into the matched energy for the melting granulation process in the step (2), wherein the energy is converted and utilized to generate the excess heat energy.
2. The process for recycling waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the waste plastic in the step (1) comprises at least one plastic component and non-plastic impurities, wherein the content of the non-plastic impurities is not less than 5%.
3. The process for recycling waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pre-selection separation process of the step (1) comprises the steps of crushing, washing, iron removal and separation.
4. The process for recycling waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the impurity-free waste plastic is waste plastic with less than or equal to 1% of non-plastic impurities; the waste plastic containing impurities is waste plastic with non-plastic impurities of more than 1 percent.
5. The process for recycling waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the melting granulation process of the step (2) comprises the following steps: melting the impurity-free waste plastic at the temperature of 150-300 ℃, pressing the mixture into strips, cooling and hardening the strips, and granulating the strips.
6. The process for recycling waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thermal cracking process conditions of the step (3) are as follows: the reaction temperature is 400 ℃ and 800 ℃, and the molar content of oxygen in the reaction process is less than 10 percent.
7. The process for recycling waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heating form of the thermal cracking process in the step (3) is heating by hot flue gas; the temperature of the hot flue gas is 800-1200 ℃.
8. The process for recycling waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the mixed incineration process in the step (4), the reaction temperature of mixed incineration is 900-1400 ℃.
9. The process for recycling waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the energy source matched in the step (5) refers to one of hot flue gas, hot steam and electric energy.
10. The process for recycling waste plastics as claimed in claim 9, wherein: in the step (5), the heat energy is converted into hot flue gas through a blower; converting heat energy into hot steam through a steam boiler; the heat energy is converted into electrical energy by a steam turbine.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021114871A1 (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-15 | Der Grüne Punkt - Duales System Deutschland GmbH | Process for recycling post-consumer packaging waste |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102021114871A1 (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-15 | Der Grüne Punkt - Duales System Deutschland GmbH | Process for recycling post-consumer packaging waste |
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