CN1112939C - 处理流态废弃物的方法与系统 - Google Patents
处理流态废弃物的方法与系统Info
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- CN1112939C CN1112939C CN97199642A CN97199642A CN1112939C CN 1112939 C CN1112939 C CN 1112939C CN 97199642 A CN97199642 A CN 97199642A CN 97199642 A CN97199642 A CN 97199642A CN 1112939 C CN1112939 C CN 1112939C
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Abstract
一种对流态有害废弃物进行处理,使废弃物中的污染物得到净化的方法,包括以下步骤:使流态废弃物暴露在场强至少为1000高斯的磁场中;使流态废弃物暴露在臭氧中;使流态废弃物中的静电电荷得到中和;使流态废弃物暴露在紫外线辐射中。
Description
发明背景
1.
发明领域
本发明涉及有害废弃物处理领域。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种处理危险生物废弃物、废弃的化学品和其他流态废弃物的预处理方法和设备,以排除或提取诸如含病毒人类血液、细胞和组织、清洗人类细胞和组织时残留的溶液、微生物等无害或者惰性有机废弃物,以确保向常规下水系统、污水池和盛水池排放安全的、电荷呈中性的和无害的废弃物,同时又满足针对这些特定物质制订的环保标准。该方法和设备有助于以最大的效率和最低的成本满足环保条例和规定。
该方法首先包括将诸如含有污染物的水等流态废弃物质从废弃物源抽入容器内的步骤,还可向容器内再添加一些水,这样,就能使废弃物在其本体内与水充分混合,从而提高均匀度并实现更均匀的处理。该方法还进一步包括使废弃物暴露在臭氧中的步骤;然后将废弃物暴露在特定最低强度的磁场中,从而使废弃物积累的静电电荷被中和,使废弃物暴露出来并与牺牲阳极接触,在废弃物中放入少量正的锌离子,以从废弃物中除去多余的负电荷防止能点燃废弃物中的有机溶剂的火花的形成;然后将废弃物暴露在紫外线辐射中;然后再次将废弃物暴露在臭氧中,而臭氧最好是从溶液逃逸到容器中的循环臭氧;然后再次使废弃物暴露在紫外线辐射中,最后使暴露的废弃物与另一个牺牲阳极接触。
该系统包括诸如紫外线水净化器等现有的系统部件,还包括诸如安装在限流罐内的相对较强的磁铁以及安装在另一个限流罐内的牺牲锌阳极等新发明的部件。另外还提供能向废弃物中供水并促进均匀混合的新发明的管结构。
2.
现有技术描述
长期以来,有很多给废弃物消毒的方法和设备。市政污水系统通常被用来对包括尿和粪便在内的人类废弃物进行处理和排放。但是,个人和工业用户也使用市政污水系统排放包括化学品和污染的有机物在内的各类有害物质,并造成常规污水系统所无法处理的危险环境污染问题,而我们不能指望市政当局清洁这些排放物或者以任何方式从这些排放物中排除有害的污染物。美国政府已经开始制订防止使用污水系统排放有害物质的环保法规。
例如,医院产生大量诸如带病毒人类血液、带病毒人类细胞和带病毒人类组织等有害的和被污染的有机废弃物,而所有这些废弃物都应该在严格控制的环保条件下经过预处理,以防止这些有害的废弃物暴露给公众。其他单位也会产生危险的废弃物。殡仪馆所使用的防腐技术常常导致尸体中的废弃物排放到市政污水系统。冲洗胶卷也常常导致有害化学品被排放入污水系统。
研究人员设想了多种在有害废弃物被排入公共和私人污水和污水收集系统之前对其进行处理的方法和装置。但是,这些处理方法(如下所述)都缺乏效率,并常常遇到不可避免的设备失灵问题,并进而导致未经妥善处理的废弃物的排放和对公众的威胁。
Lund(美国专利号4,028,246)等人发明了一种废水处理设备。Lund先生等人使废水流经臭氧接触装置,同时又使废水暴露在紫外线照射之下。然后,使废水流经炭滤清器并暴露在伽马射线辐射中。
Hellman(美国专利号4,687,574)发明了一种移动式废水处理设备。Hellman先生设计了一种盛水罐,它能使废水通过筛网,从而除去固体颗粒。随后,废水在絮凝器内经过化学处理,并使废水中的固体凝结。絮凝器通过化学方法使废水中的固体沉淀出来。然后,废水流入采用非常小的平板或叠层制造的分离器,除去沉淀出来的固体,随后再充以臭氧。
Stevens(美国专利号4,793,931)等人设计了一种能处理废弃物中含有固相或液相污染物的方法。Stevens公开了使被污染的废弃物通过全氟化溶剂(诸如亲水溶剂、丙酮、甲醇、或水等特定化学品),然后从废弃物中提取溶剂的方法步骤。最后,剩余的废弃物被充以臭氧并暴露在紫外线辐射中。
Johnson(美国专利号4,563,286)等人设计了一种能同时使废水暴露在臭氧和紫外线辐射下的同素异形气体水提纯系统。Johnson设计的设备采用了一种处理剂,即以多价离子形式存在的氧的离子化同素异形气体。
Agueda(美国专利号5,266,216)等人公开了一种通过向水中吹入臭氧而使民用水罐中的水得到提纯的设备。
Beitzel(美国专利号4,273,660)等人公开了一种废水提纯设备。Beitzel先生使废水暴露在臭氧和紫外线辐射中,而废水盛装在桶形容器内。容器包括一只长桶形紫外线灯。
Feather(美国专利号4,414,924)等人设计了一种从井水中除去硫化氢和铁的设备。Feather先生设计了能接收未经处理的废水的上容器。该上容器通过一个稀释流控制口与下容器相连,从而能使来自下容器的臭氧和氧气向上吹入上容器。随后,水流入下容器,并通过向水中吹入臭氧除去残留的硫化氢。通过产生涡流而使下容器内的水发生旋转,就能确保有效的离子化。最后,使水流经磁场,使其软化并除去铁质。Thomas(美国专利号4,915,846)等人公开了一种能借助电场从废水中沉淀染料颗粒的设备。
Satoh(美国专利号5,059,332)设计了一种能处理油泥和含油废水的设备。Satoh先生将油泥分离成含油废水和含油灰尘。含油灰尘再进一步分离成无油灰尘(被除去)和含油和金属的水。最后,对水进行化学处理,使油分离出来。
Satoh(美国专利号5,092,998)公开了一种通过暴露在强电磁场中对水溶液进行处理的电解槽。
所以,本发明的目的之一就是提供一种能处理含有病毒、细菌、人类细胞和化学溶剂等有害废弃物的水,确保水的安全性,并符合政府有关向常规市政污水系统排放的规定的设备和方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种设备和方法,它包括能执行一系列处理步骤的组件,这些步骤包括臭氧混合、暴露在紫外线(UV)辐射中和相对强的磁场中。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种能可靠、高效和经济地操作和运行的设备和方法。
发明概述
通过对整个说明书的阅读和解释,可确立本发明所达到的上述目的,和其它效果。
提供了一种能处理流态有害废弃物以使之净化的方法,包括使流态废弃物暴露在场强至少为1000高斯的磁场内;使流态废弃物暴露在臭氧中;使流态废弃物的静电电荷得到中和;使流态废弃物暴露在紫外线辐射中的步骤。
附图说明
对本领域的技术人员来说,通过结合附图进行的下列论述,本发明的其他目的、效果和特点将会更加清晰。其中:
图1为整个优选废弃物处理系统的示意图。
图2为混合/处理容器的透视示意图,包括优选隔板和搅动结构。
图3为本发明中能向可将废弃物通过孔洞并以文丘里效应抽入管子末端的容器内提供更多水的带孔水管末端的透视图,从而通过图中所示的螺旋箭头在容器内产生混合动作。
图4为本发明中优选的N-Cell结构横截面侧视图,示出了带孔固定管内的磁性柱和外壳。
图5为本发明中优选的牺牲阳极部件的横截面侧视图,也显示带孔固定管内的锌柱和外壳。
优选实施例详细说明
现按照要求将本发明的具体实施例公开如下;但是,应该指出,公开的实施例仅为本发明的简单描述,而本发明还可以其他形式进行实施例介绍。所以,此处公开的结构性和功能性细节不应被看作是限制性的,而只不过是权利要求的基础,以及教导对本技术领域的人员以多种方法使用本发明的代表性依据。
现在参照附图,而在各附图中所示的本发明的特点和特色均用相同的标号表示。优选方法
在实施本发明的过程中,可采取以下步骤(如图1大致所示)。此过程首先包括从废弃物源将诸如含有污染物的水等流态废弃物抽入容器的步骤,还可选择向容器内添加更多的水,这样,使废弃物在其内和水混合,从而获得更大的均匀性和更均匀的处理。本方法进一步包括将废弃物暴露在臭氧中;将废弃物暴露在具有特定场强的磁场内,使废弃物积累的静电电荷被中和,并通过使废弃物暴露出来并与牺牲阳极接触,向废弃物中释放少量正的锌离子,从废弃物中消除多余的负电荷,防止能点燃废弃物中有机溶剂的火花的形成;再次将废弃物暴露在紫外线辐射中;再次使废弃物暴露在臭氧中,而臭氧最好是从容器的溶液中逃逸的循环臭氧;再次将废弃物暴露在紫外线辐射中,再次使废弃物暴露出来并与另一个牺牲阳极接触等步骤。为提高公众的安全性,还可提供备用的处理步骤。如果执行任何步骤的设备失灵,则备用步骤将继续执行其功能,直到设备失灵被自动远程检测功能确认并修复为止。第一优选实施例
参见图1-5,公开了一种能处理废水、废弃化学品和流态生物废料等废弃物的系统10。如图1示意图所示,系统10最好包括具有至少一个入口14和一个出口22的废弃物接收、混合或处理容器12,并可选择设计一个用于接收废弃物的敞口顶部,如从被肢解的尸体收集废气的吸气器。通过入口14向接收容器12泵入废弃物,使之通过系统10与固体或半固体废弃物混合成为可流动物体。通过设有一排放口28的供水管16可向容器12添加水。水管排放口28具有同样带孔的管子侧壁,且最好带多个孔20,这些孔有助于减少臭氧的损失,减少管子16阻塞的可能性,并通过入口水流经孔20时产生文丘里效应而提高臭氧的使用效率。参照图3,文丘里效应可促进溶液混合并缩短与臭氧接触的时间。容器12通过孔20以文丘里效应将废弃物抽入管子排放口28,废弃物在此被排出,并在容器内产生混合效应。
臭氧发生器通过分成4个搅动结构58的臭氧输送管向容器12提供臭氧流,该搅动结构最好采用多孔石头等多孔物质构成的长管构造,而这种结构是其它技术领域中将气体吹入流体常用的。
可选择在容器12之上或通向入口14的流动管线内安装一个机械混合器/切碎机,以便将废弃物流中的有机物质切碎并混合成能被均匀处理的均匀状态,从而优化废弃物流的净化程度。容器12内废弃物的液面高度由浮子开关(图中未显示)控制。当容器12内的废弃物的数量达到预定的体积时,浮子开关就会触发一阀门,使容器出口22打开,并使废弃物通过废弃物管30流出容器12。见图1。
管子30可通过选装的单向阀(图中未显示)将容器出口22与泵34相连。泵34有一个排放口36,并首先将废弃物流通过处理部件系列管38分别送入简称为第一N-Cell160和第二N-Cell260的结构中,而每个N-Cell都会向流经此处的废弃物流放射磁场。磁场强度至少应为1000高斯,尽管没有必要,还是最好在2050高斯至9040高斯之间。
N-Cell160和260各自包括一个含有磁场辐射物质的桶形结构。这种磁场辐射物质最好是陶瓷、稀土金属钕或阿尔尼科铝镍钴合金(ALNICO)。用于N-Cell160和260的磁性柱体164和264分别安装在流体罐162和262内,并分别包括封装在一外部限流壳168和268内的带孔柱体固定管166和266,废弃物通过限流壳从管子38的一个部分流回管子38的另一部分。优选的罐体162和262都是V-U流体滤清器公司的产品,并被命名为NT150-100HP,且没有筛网。废弃物流入并流出限流壳168和268,当废弃物处于限流壳168和268内时,废弃物就会通过固定管166或266与固定筒164或264接触。见图4。管子38将废弃物从第一N-Cell160送入第二N-Cell260,然后再送入牺牲阳极140,最好是以固定在另一个同类型流体管362内的锌柱142的形式。见图5。锌柱最好(但不必)是采用99.8%纯度的锌。与第一个牺牲阳极相同构造的第二个牺牲阳极240可选择与第一个牺牲阳极140串联安装,并通过管道38与第一个牺牲阳极140相连,如图1所示。管道38的另一部分接收从阳极140或240出来的废弃物,并将阳极240经由流体回路连接到第一个紫外线辐射(UV)容器80,废弃物通过该容器流动。紫外线容器80作为臭氧焚烧炉的一部分。第一个紫外线辐射容器80包括一个安装在废弃物限流管内的UV辐射源。一个优选的紫外线容器80就是由大西洋紫外线公司(ATLANTICULTRAVIOLETCORP)制造的紫外线净水器,零件号25-0600。废弃物从第一个紫外线辐射容器80出来,进入连接管82,再从连接管82进入构造与第一个紫外线辐射容器80相同的第二个紫外线辐射容器100。废弃物从第二个紫外线辐射容器100流出,进入连接管102,再通过构造与前4个罐体相同且构成第三个牺牲阳极340外壁的第五个罐体562。废弃物从第五个罐体562流出,并通过排放口84作为已经完全处理的废弃物排放出去。
在少数情况下,根据所涉及的污染物的性质,有必要将从系统10排放出来的已被处理的废弃物再次、第三次或更多次送回系统10。为实现废弃物的这种再循环,可将排放口84通过循环管402连接到容器400。最初被处理的废弃物在容器400内积累,而其液面高度被浮子装置(图中未显示)监控。当废弃物在容器400内达到预定的液面高度时,排放阀404会自动打开,并利用重力通过管子402将一定量的废弃物送回容器12,并再次开始处理过程。可通过监视容器12内废弃物的液面高度选择或者附加控制排放阀404的动作。
最好设置一臭氧回收管路300,并将其连接到在废弃物表面的上方的容器12上部的一端,以便收集尚未溶解的和正在逃逸出溶液的臭氧,并使其在容器12内的废弃物上方空间积累。接收管路300的另一端连接到最好是采用聚丙烯制造的喷嘴(MASSEI喷射公司制造,零件号978和1078)302,并连接到连接管82,使这部分臭氧在废弃物流经连接管82时再次进入废弃物流中。由CONBRCO公司制造的零件号为125-S400WOG的Ball-Cone单向阀可选择安装在接收管路300上。废弃物流通过管子82时所产生的文丘里效应有助于将臭氧抽入液流中。
容器12最好采用内置一系列与容器12对侧相连的隔板310的圆形罐体。隔板310在排列方式上可使废弃物沿锯齿形或曲折形管路通过容器12从入口14流入出口22。这样,隔板310可消除活塞式流动,并延长废弃物在容器12内的停留时间,使其与被排入容器12内的臭氧充分接触,从而提高臭氧在废弃物内的溶解量。
为降低臭氧脱溶率和提高臭氧的效率,臭氧输送管路的排放端60应一直伸到容器12的底部,而搅动结构58位于隔板310之间,并被隔板310隔开。
可选择在紫外线辐射容器80的上流的任一方便的部位。管子38上安装一个过氧化氢喷嘴,以便向废弃物流中输送过氧化氢。过氧化氢可提高处理效率,因为只要它与任何残留的臭氧和紫外线辐射接触,就会产生大量的羟基原子团(OH)。而OH是目前已知的氧化能力最强的原子团,它可以不加选择地与有机污染物和微生物发生反应。
在处理过程中利用臭氧的主要目的在于脱色和抑制肠道病毒、肠道细菌和原生动物。利用臭氧的另一好处是可使特定类型的有机污染物(特别是混合物的离域π电子,即双键和三键)发生氧化。所有这些过程都要求与臭氧的接触时间较长。为最大限度地延长与臭氧的接触时间,臭氧通过上述4个搅动结构58被直接搅入容器12。
如上所述,被污染的废弃物流一边流经N-Cell固定罐162和262,一边被暴露在N-Cell160和260产生的磁场内。对目前已有的有关废弃物磁性处理的技术文献的广泛分析证明这种技术在若干领域都是有效的,但其作用的机理尚不清楚。在本专利申请中,N-Cell产生的磁场通过提高其溶解度改变了水的特性。可以认为,易受N-Cell影响的水流能够使有机污染物和脱溶物质形成浓度大于某特定温度正常界限的悬浮液。N-Cell还可加速臭氧在废弃物流内的溶解,或提高臭氧向废弃物流的质量传递速率。有了这两个特点,即浓度更高的污染物悬浮液和臭氧质量传递速率的提高,N-Cell就能极大地提高对污染物的处理效率。据信,使用N-Cell还可增强臭氧的杀菌能力。还认为N-Cell磁场能协调每种化学混合物(包括构成微生物细胞膜的混合物)的偶极矩。并认为这种协调能使臭氧通过细胞膜,从而有效地杀灭微生物。
本发明已经按照以上各种在实践中可能的方式或实施例或修改进行了描述、公开、解释和图示,但本发明的范围并非,也不应该被认为是,仅限于以上的描述,本发明可能隐含的、在本发明权利要求的广度和范围之内的其他此类修改或实施例也特别受到保护。
Claims (12)
1.一种处理流态废弃物以使之净化的方法,包括以下步骤:
使所述流态废弃物暴露在磁场强度至少为1000高斯的磁场中;
使所述流态废弃物暴露在臭氧中;
使所述流态废弃物中的静电电荷被中和;以及
使所述流态废弃物暴露在紫外线辐射中。
2.如权利要求1所说的方法,还包括以下步骤:
再次使所述流态废弃物暴露在臭氧中;
再次使所述流态废弃物暴露在紫外线辐射中;
使所述流态废弃物暴露在臭氧杀菌环境中。
3.如权利要求1所说的方法,其特征在于磁场由管状磁体产生。
4.如权利要求1所说的方法,还包括以下步骤:将所述流态废弃物混合成均匀状态。
5.一种用于从被污染的水溶液中除去固体、化学品和细菌废弃物的多阶段和多相系统,其中包括:
一反应罐;
一将被污染物质的水溶液浆体喷射入所述罐的装置;
一将臭氧喷射入所述罐中浆体内的装置;
向所述喷射装置供应臭氧的臭氧发生器;
从所述罐中抽取流体并送入流体处理管路的装置;
将所述抽取的流体暴露在场强为1000高斯至10000高斯的磁场中的装置;
在所述抽取的流体中使静电电荷得到中和的装置;
将所述抽取的流体暴露在紫外线照射中的装置;
从所述处理管路中接收所述被抽取的流体的排放容器;从而使所述被抽取的流体中的污染物被中和或杀灭。
6.如权利要求5所说的系统,其特征在于还包括使所述被抽取的流体从所述容器循环回到所述反应罐的装置。
7.如权利要求5所说的系统,其特征在于所述的反应罐包括设于罐体内的隔板,且这些隔板被安排成能使水溶液沿锯齿形路线流动。
8.如权利要求5所说的系统,其特征在于所说的磁场辐射装置包括:
一包括封装在废弃物流经的限流壳内的带孔筒状限流管的流体罐;
一容装磁场辐射材料并被固定在所述限流管内的筒状结构。
9.如权利要求8所说的系统,其特征在于所述磁场辐射材料可采用陶瓷、稀土金属钕或阿尔尼科铝镍钴合金。
10.如权利要求5所说的系统,其特征在于,还包括:
一流态物质接收容器,包括流态物质入口、流态物质出口、水入口;以及
连接到水源的供水管,该供水管通过所述水入口进入所述容器且在所述容器内有一个排放端;
所述供水管排放端由至少带一个孔的管壁组成,从而能使通过所述供水管流入所述容器的水流经至少一个孔,产生文丘里效应,将所述流态物质从所述容器侧面抽出并送入所述管排放端且通过所述排放端和水一起排放出去,从而在容器内对所述流态物质进行混合和均匀化。
11.一种从污染物悬浮在水溶液的混合物中除去化学品和细菌废弃物的多相系统,包括:
一反应罐;
将所述水溶液送入所述反应罐的装置;
在压力下通过处理管路将所述水溶液从所述反应罐排放出去的装置;
在所述管路中安装的使所述水溶液暴露在场强为1000高斯至10000高斯的磁场中的第一中空筒形磁体;
在所述管路中安装的使所述水溶液暴露在场强高至2000高斯的磁场中的第二中空筒形磁体;
在所述第二磁体下游安装的从所述水溶液中除去静电电荷的静电电荷中和装置;
使所述水溶液暴露在紫外线照射中的装置;和
从所述容器沿所述紫外线暴露装置的下游向所述水溶液喷射和混合未反应的臭氧的装置。
12.如权利要求11所说的系统,其特征在于包括使所述水溶液部分成全部循环回到所述反应罐,以便再处理的装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/745,511 | 1996-11-12 | ||
US08/745,511 US5811014A (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1996-11-12 | Hazardous flowable waste sanitizing and remediating process and apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1237109A CN1237109A (zh) | 1999-12-01 |
CN1112939C true CN1112939C (zh) | 2003-07-02 |
Family
ID=24996995
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN97199642A Expired - Fee Related CN1112939C (zh) | 1996-11-12 | 1997-11-12 | 处理流态废弃物的方法与系统 |
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---|---|
US (2) | US5811014A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0938346A2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1112939C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU720290B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2270145A1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ335818A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1998020910A2 (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ335818A (en) | 2001-03-30 |
AU720290B2 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
US6096219A (en) | 2000-08-01 |
WO1998020910A3 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
CA2270145A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
EP0938346A2 (en) | 1999-09-01 |
WO1998020910A2 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
US5811014A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
AU7178398A (en) | 1998-06-03 |
CN1237109A (zh) | 1999-12-01 |
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