CN111283687B - A robot joint position control system and its dynamic torque feedback compensation method - Google Patents
A robot joint position control system and its dynamic torque feedback compensation method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
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- B25J9/1633—Programme controls characterised by the control loop compliant, force, torque control, e.g. combined with position control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种机器人关节位置控制系统及其动态力矩的反馈补偿方法，属于机器人关节运动控制技术领域。该方法利用力矩传感器信号对位置控制系统进行反馈补偿，并串联设定的微分放大器，以提升机器人位置控制系统的阻尼比，同时不降低系统增益及固有频率，通过调整动态力矩补偿器反馈系数，获得所需阻尼比。本发明可改善机器人关节位置控制系统性能，为机器人整机运动控制提供理论基础。
The invention provides a robot joint position control system and a dynamic torque feedback compensation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of robot joint motion control. The method uses the torque sensor signal to feedback compensation to the position control system, and connects the differential amplifier set in series to improve the damping ratio of the robot position control system without reducing the system gain and natural frequency. By adjusting the feedback coefficient of the dynamic torque compensator, Obtain the desired damping ratio. The invention can improve the performance of the robot joint position control system and provide a theoretical basis for the motion control of the whole robot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of robot joint motion control, and particularly relates to a robot joint position control system and a feedback compensation method of dynamic torque thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the internet, the foot type robot control technology is rapidly advanced, and is widely applied to various fields such as education, industry, medical treatment, traffic, security, electric power and the like. The drive modes commonly adopted by the foot type robot joint comprise motor drive, hydraulic drive and pneumatic drive. The motor drive has the advantages of compact structure, simple and convenient control, high transmission efficiency, high control precision and the like, and is the most common drive mode in the field of robots at present. The foot type robot joint driven by the motor usually consists of a servo motor, a gear reducer, an encoder and the like, a typical position control system is adopted, and the quality of the control system is one of important bases of the whole machine motion control performance of the robot.
At present, joint position control systems of robots, mechanical arms and the like often adopt control methods such as PD control, variable structure control, adaptive control and the like. The PD control is one of the most commonly used control methods in the current engineering project, and is adjusted based on an error amount input to a control system, so that modeling of a controlled object is not required, and debugging is simple and easy to implement. The method still needs to be matched with other compensation control methods to ensure that the control performance is better. Although the performance of the position control system can be improved by various advanced control methods such as variable structure control, adaptive control and the like, the control method model is complex, and most of research work is simulation analysis or is completed only in a laboratory.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a robot joint position control system and a feedback compensation method of dynamic moment thereof, which improve the performance of the robot joint position control system by the damping ratio of the elevator robot position control system.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A feedback compensation method for the dynamic torque of the robot joint position control system includes introducing the actual torque of joint end to the feedback compensation of deformed joint position control system, connecting differential amplifier in series to form a joint position control system containing dynamic torque feedback loop and joint position closed loop, and regulating the dynamic torque feedback coefficient of joint position control system to change the damping coefficient of system and increase the damping ratio of position control system.
Further, the open loop transfer function of the joint position control system is:
wherein, KoThe method comprises the steps of obtaining the open loop gain of a deformed joint position control system, wherein omega is the inherent frequency of a second-order oscillation link of the deformed joint position control system, and xi is the damping ratio of the second-order oscillation link of the deformed joint position control system.
Furthermore, the damping ratio of the second-order oscillation element
Wherein, KtfTo moveAnd (4) a dynamic moment feedback coefficient.
Further, the transfer function of the differential amplifier is:
wherein, TBIs a constant coefficient.
Furthermore, the deformed joint position control system is formed by connecting open-loop gain, a second-order oscillation link and an integral link in series.
Furthermore, the joint position control system is composed of a servo motor, a gear reducer, a torque sensor, an absolute value encoder and a controller, wherein an output shaft of the servo motor is rigidly connected with the gear reducer, the gear reducer is rigidly connected with a joint end load through the torque sensor, and the absolute value encoder is installed at the joint end load and used for detecting the actual position of the joint end.
Furthermore, a current sensor is arranged inside the servo motor and used for detecting the actual current of the servo motor.
Furthermore, the actual current is compared with the given current to obtain a current error amount, and the current error amount is regulated by the controller II to control the current output of the servo motor to form an internal current loop; and comparing the actual position with the given position to obtain a position error amount, adjusting by the controller I and matching with the internal current loop to control the joint position output to form an external position loop.
Furthermore, the joint position control system performs equivalent transformation, primary deformation and secondary deformation, and the deformed joint position control system is obtained after simplification.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the position control system of the invention adopts the torque sensor to perform feedback compensation, and is connected with the differential amplifier in series to form a dynamic torque compensator, and the damping coefficient of the system is properly changed by changing the feedback coefficient of the dynamic torque without changing the open loop gain and the natural frequency of the system, so that the damping ratio of the position control system is improved, the performance of the robot joint position control system is improved, and a theoretical basis is provided for the complete machine motion control of the robot. The invention does not need to establish a complex mathematical model, has simple application and convenient debugging and is particularly suitable for robot engineering projects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system for controlling the position of a joint of a robot according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a robot joint position control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a joint position control system for initial deformation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a joint position control system according to a second variation of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a system for controlling the position of a deformed joint according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a joint position control system incorporating dynamic torque feedback in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a robot joint position control system according to the present invention, which is composed of a servo motor, a gear reducer, a torque sensor, an absolute value encoder, and a controller, wherein an output shaft of the servo motor is rigidly connected to the gear reducer, the gear reducer is rigidly connected to a joint end load through the torque sensor, the torque sensor is used to detect an actual torque of the joint end, the absolute value encoder is installed at the joint end load for detecting an actual position of the joint end, and a current sensor is installed inside the servo motor for detecting an actual current of the servo motor.
In the position control system, a current error amount is obtained by comparing a given current with an actual current and carrying out difference, and then the current output of the servo motor is controlled by adjusting a controller II to form an internal current loop; and comparing the given position with the actual position to obtain a position error amount, adjusting by a controller I and matching with an internal current loop to control joint position output to form an external position loop.
According to a schematic diagram of a robot joint position control system, the robot position control system is mathematically modeled as follows:
servo systemThe motor adopts a current closed loop and outputs a voltage UcComprises the following steps:
Uc＝Ka(ir-KIia) (1)
wherein, KaFor controlling the parameter, i, for the current looprFor inputting commands to the current loop, KIFor the servo motor circuit loop feedback coefficient, iaIs the actual current value; current loop input command irBy joint position error EθAnd PD controller parameter KPDMultiplied by the error E of the joint positionθPosition theta is given by the jointrefAnd the actual position theta of the joint endactSubtracting to obtain the result;
the voltage balance equation is:
wherein E is the back electromotive force of the servo motor, and
n is the reduction ratio of the gear reducer, KvIs a speed feedback coefficient of the servo motor,
the actual speed of the joint end is L, the inductance of the servo motor is L, and the resistance of the servo motor is R;
the output torque of the servo motor is as follows:
Tm＝iaKt (3)
wherein, KtIs the torque coefficient of the servo motor.
Because the moment sensor rigidity is great, consequently neglect its elastic deformation, then the relation between motor output and the joint end actual moment output is:
Ttor＝nTm (4)
wherein, TmFor outputting torque, T, to the servomotortorIs a joint endActual moment;
the torque balance equation at the joint end is as follows:
wherein, JmFor converting the total moment of inertia to the load at the joint end, for converting the sum of the moment of inertia of the load, the moment sensor, the gear reducer and the servomotor, and other components, BmConverting the total viscous damping coefficient to the load at the joint end into the sum of the total viscous damping coefficients of the load, the gear reducer and the servo motor, and G is a gravity term at the joint end; for the joint end gravity item G, the influence of the gravity item on the system output is eliminated by methods such as gravity compensation and the like (the prior art), and the influence of the gravity item is not considered in the invention.
And (3) establishing a functional block diagram of a robot joint position control system after simultaneous equations (1) - (5) and Laplace transformation, as shown in FIG. 2.
The equivalent transformation is performed on FIG. 2, and the comparison point A is shifted backward (across K)a) And obtaining a block diagram of the joint position control system of the initial deformation at the comparison point B, as shown in fig. 3.
Since the closed loop 1 in fig. 3 is a typical closed loop feedback loop, the closed loop feedback is organized according to the simplified rules of closed loop feedback, and a block diagram of the joint position control system of the secondary deformation is obtained, as shown in fig. 4.
The closed loop 2 in fig. 4 is also a typical closed loop feedback loop, which is organized according to the simplification rule of closed loop feedback and simplified into a second-order oscillation element and an integration element connected in series. In addition, the actual moment T of the joint endtorCan pass through the actual position theta of the joint endactDerived in reverse direction (actual moment is T)tor＝(Jms2+Bms)θact) And finally obtaining a schematic block diagram of the deformed position control system, as shown in fig. 5.
The open loop transfer function of the deformed joint position control system of fig. 5 is:
in the formula: system open loop gain
Natural frequency of second order oscillation element
Damping ratio of second order oscillation element
The actual moment of the joint end acquired by the moment sensor is introduced into the feedback compensation of the deformed joint position control system, and then the differential amplifier is connected in series, so that the dynamic moment compensator is formed. Wherein the transfer function of the differential amplifier is:
in the formula, TBIs a constant coefficient, and T is setB＝Jm/Bm。
After a dynamic moment compensator is added into a deformed joint position control system, setting a dynamic moment feedback coefficient as KtfAt this time, the joint position control system includes two loops, an inner loop and an outer loop, the inner loop is a dynamic torque feedback loop, and the outer loop is a joint position closed loop, as shown in fig. 6.
The dynamic torque feedback loop in fig. 6 is a typical closed-loop feedback loop, and its closed-loop transfer function is obtained, that is, the open-loop transfer function of the joint position control system with dynamic torque feedback is:
will TB＝Jm/BmSubstituted into the above formula, and for J in the denominatorms2+Bms deforming to obtain a reduced entry, and then sorting to obtain an open-loop transfer function of the joint position control system added with dynamic moment feedback, wherein the open-loop transfer function is as follows:
the same item arrangement is carried out on the formula (9), and finally the open-loop transfer function of the joint position control system added with the dynamic moment feedback is obtained as follows:
wherein the open loop gain of the system is Ko′＝KoThe natural frequency ω' of the second-order oscillation element is ω, and the damping ratio of the second-order oscillation element
As can be seen from the formula (10), after the dynamic torque compensator is added, the open-loop gain and the natural frequency of the position control system are not changed, but the damping ratio of the system can be K according to the feedback coefficienttfAnd performing any adjustment. Therefore, by changing the dynamic moment feedback coefficient, the system damping coefficient is properly changed, and the stability of the position control system is improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
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