CN111276085A - Driving circuit and driving method of display panel and display panel - Google Patents
Driving circuit and driving method of display panel and display panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111276085A CN111276085A CN202010088005.XA CN202010088005A CN111276085A CN 111276085 A CN111276085 A CN 111276085A CN 202010088005 A CN202010088005 A CN 202010088005A CN 111276085 A CN111276085 A CN 111276085A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sub
- area
- display panel
- compensation
- test signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/006—Electronic inspection or testing of displays and display drivers, e.g. of LED or LCD displays
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a driving circuit and a driving method of a display panel and the display panel, wherein the driving circuit comprises: at least one adjustment module, the adjustment module comprising: the comparison unit is respectively connected with the reference sub-area and the compensation sub-area and is used for acquiring the delay time of the second test signal relative to the first test signal; the adjusting unit is used for carrying out advanced processing on the input time of the data signal currently accessed to the compensation subarea according to the delay time length to obtain an adjusting signal; and inputting the adjustment signal into the compensation sub-region. The driving circuit and the driving method of the display panel and the display panel can reduce color cast and improve display effect.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The present invention relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a driving circuit and a driving method for a display panel and a display panel.
[ background of the invention ]
As shown in fig. 1, in the current large-sized display panel, a driving control board 14(TCON board) is connected to a display panel 11 through a flexible connector 13, the flexible connector 13 is connected to data lines of the display panel 11 through a fanout line 12, and data signals of each column of data lines are stored in a data storage unit (line buffer) inside the flexible connector 13 and are controlled by control signals to be output at the same time.
However, since the flexible connector 13 is centered, the fan-out lines 12 on both sides are longer than the fan-out line 12 in the middle, and thus data signals received by the areas on both sides of the display panel are delayed, which results in insufficient charging time on the areas on both sides, thereby causing color cast.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a driving circuit and a driving method for a display panel and a display panel to solve the problems of the prior art.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a driving circuit and a driving method of a display panel and the display panel, which can reduce color cast and improve display effect.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a driving circuit of a display panel, wherein the display panel includes a display area, the display area includes a reference sub-area and at least two compensation sub-areas; the reference subarea is accessed with a first test signal; a second test signal is accessed to the compensation sub-area;
wherein the drive circuit comprises:
at least one adjustment module, the adjustment module comprising:
the comparison unit is respectively connected with the reference sub-area and the compensation sub-area and is used for acquiring the delay time of the second test signal relative to the first test signal;
and the adjusting unit is used for carrying out advanced processing on the input time of the data signal currently accessed by the compensation subarea according to the delay time length to obtain an adjusting signal and inputting the adjusting signal into the compensation subarea.
The invention also provides a display panel which comprises any one of the driving circuits.
The invention also provides a driving method of the display panel, wherein the display panel comprises a reference sub-area and at least two compensation sub-areas; the reference subarea is accessed with a first test signal; a second test signal is accessed to the compensation sub-area;
wherein the method comprises:
inputting a first test signal to the reference sub-region and a second test signal to the compensation sub-region;
when detecting that the second test signal is delayed relative to the first test signal, acquiring a delay time length between the second test signal and the first test signal;
processing the input time of the data signal currently accessed to the compensation subarea in advance according to the delay time length to obtain an adjustment signal;
inputting the adjustment signal into the compensation sub-region.
The invention discloses a driving circuit and a driving method of a display panel and the display panel, which comprises at least one adjusting module, wherein the adjusting module comprises: the comparison unit is respectively connected with the reference sub-area and the compensation sub-area and is used for acquiring the delay time of the second test signal relative to the first test signal; the adjusting unit is used for carrying out advanced processing on the input time of the data signal currently accessed to the compensation sub-area according to the delay time length to obtain an adjusting signal, and inputting the adjusting signal to the compensation sub-area; the input time of the data signal currently accessed by the compensation sub-area is processed in advance, so that the charging time of the compensation sub-area is increased, the difference of the charging time between the compensation sub-area and the reference sub-area is reduced, the color cast is reduced, and the display effect is improved.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional display panel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the adjusting unit, the second sub-connector and the compensation sub-region in fig. 3.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings for illustrating the specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In the present invention, directional terms such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "side", etc. refer to directions of the attached drawings. Accordingly, the directional terms used are used for explanation and understanding of the present invention, and are not used for limiting the present invention. In the drawings, elements having similar structures are denoted by the same reference numerals.
The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "include" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment of the invention.
With reference to fig. 2 and 3, the display panel of the present embodiment includes a display area 10, and the display area 10 includes a reference sub-area 101 and two compensation sub-areas 102.
The reference sub-region 101 is accessed with a first test signal S1; the reference sub-area 101 comprises a first feedback terminal 111 and a first access terminal 112.
The compensated sub-region is accessed 102 with a second test signal S2; the compensation sub-area 102 comprises a second feedback terminal 113 and a second access terminal 114. The compensation sub-area 102 includes a plurality of data lines (not shown), and in an embodiment, in order to improve the accuracy of the delay duration and further improve the display effect, the second feedback terminal 113 is connected to the data line located in the middle of the compensation sub-area 102. I.e. the second feedback terminal 113 is located in the middle of the compensated sub-area 102. In one embodiment, the second feedback terminal 113 is connected to the data line located in the middle of the compensation sub-region 102 through a fan-out line. In one embodiment, in order to simplify the structure of the driving circuit, the compensation sub-regions 102 may have equal areas, so that a plurality of compensation sub-regions 102 may share one adjustment module.
Wherein the drive circuit comprises:
two adjustment modules 20, wherein the adjustment modules 20 comprise:
a comparing unit 21, connected to the reference sub-area 101 and the compensation sub-area 102, respectively, wherein the comparing unit 21 is configured to obtain a delay duration of the second test signal S2 relative to the first test signal S2;
the adjusting unit 22 is configured to perform advanced processing on the input time of the data signal currently accessed by the compensation sub-area 102 according to the delay duration to obtain an adjustment signal, and input the adjustment signal into the compensation sub-area 102.
The comparing unit 21 includes a first input terminal 211, a second input terminal 212 and a first output terminal 213, the first input terminal 211 is connected to the first feedback terminal 111, and the second input terminal 212 is connected to the second feedback terminal 113; the first output 213 is connected to the input 221 of the adjusting unit 22; in one embodiment, the comparing unit 21 is a comparator.
The output end 222 of the adjusting unit 22 can be connected to the flexible connector 30, and the flexible connector 30 is connected to the display area 10 through a fan-out line (not shown).
In an embodiment, the flexible connector 30 comprises a first sub-connector 31 and a second sub-connector 32, and the first sub-connector 31 is connected to the reference sub-region 101 for providing a data signal to the reference sub-region 101. The second sub-connector 32 is connected to the compensation sub-region 102 for providing a data signal to the compensation sub-region 102.
The output 222 of the adjusting unit 22 is connected to the second sub-connector 32.
Referring to fig. 4, in an embodiment, the compensation sub-region 102 includes a plurality of data lines D1-D3, the second sub-connector 32 includes a plurality of data storage units 41, the data storage units 41 correspond to the data lines in the compensation sub-region 102, that is, each data line corresponds to one data storage unit 41, the data storage units 41 are configured to store data signals of the corresponding data line in the compensation sub-region 102, and the adjusting units 22 are respectively connected to the data storage units 41 in the second sub-connector 32.
In another embodiment, in order to further reduce color shift, the adjusting units 22 are respectively connected to setting storage units 41 in the second sub-connectors 32, wherein the length of a connection line between the data line and the setting storage unit is greater than a preset value. For example, the data storage unit 41 corresponding to the fanout line between the data line and the data storage unit being larger than the preset value is used as the setting storage unit, that is, the data storage unit 41 farther from the reference sub-region is used as the setting storage unit, and the preset value can be set according to an empirical value. That is, the adjusting unit 22 is connected to the data storage unit having a longer fan-out line.
In this embodiment, the adjusting modules 20 correspond to the compensation sub-regions 102 one to one. Of course, in other embodiments, a plurality of compensation sub-regions may correspond to one adjustment module 20, and the correspondence between the adjustment module 20 and the compensation sub-region 102 is not limited thereto, and it can be understood that the number of the compensation sub-regions is not limited to two. The number of the adjusting modules 20 may be two or more.
Wherein the reference sub-region 101 is connected to the first sub-connector 31 through a main fan-out line (not shown in the figure); the compensation sub-region 102 is connected to the second sub-connector 32 through a sub-fan outlet (not shown), and the length of the main fan outlet is smaller than that of the sub-fan outlet.
The invention also provides a display panel which can comprise any one of the driving circuits.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the present invention further provides a driving method of a display panel, wherein the structure of the display panel is as described above, and the method includes the following steps:
s101, inputting a first test signal S1 to the reference sub-region 101, and inputting a second test signal S2 to the compensation sub-region 102.
For example, before inputting the data signal to the display panel, the first test signal S1 is inputted to the reference sub-area 101, and the second test signal S2 is inputted to the compensation sub-area 102. In one embodiment, the first test signal S1 and the second test signal S2 may be preset data signals or data signals at the previous time. It is understood that the arrangement of the first test signal and the second test signal is not a limitation of the present invention.
S102, when it is detected that the second test signal is delayed relative to the first test signal, obtaining delay duration between the second test signal and the first test signal;
for example, when it is detected that the second test signal S2 is delayed with respect to the first test signal S2, a delay time period between the second test signal S2 and the first test signal S1 is acquired.
S103, carrying out advanced processing on the input time of the data signal currently accessed to the compensation subarea according to the delay time length to obtain an adjustment signal;
for example, the input time of the data signal currently accessed by the compensation sub-area 102 is advanced according to the delay duration between the second test signal S2 and the first test signal S1, so as to increase the charging time of the compensation sub-area.
In an embodiment, the input time of all data signals currently accessed by the compensation sub-area may be advanced according to the delay duration. In another embodiment, the input time of the setting data signal currently accessed by the compensation sub-area may be advanced according to the delay time. The preset data signal is a data signal accessed by a data line corresponding to the fanout line with the length larger than a preset value, and the preset value can be set according to an empirical value.
And S104, inputting the adjusting signal into the compensation sub-area.
The adjustment signal obtained in step S103 is input into the compensation sub-region 102, and it can be understood that the data signal input into the reference sub-region 101 is an existing data signal, or an unadjusted data signal, that is, the data signal input into the reference sub-region does not need to be processed.
According to the invention, the input time of the data signal currently accessed by the compensation sub-region can be processed in advance according to the delay time length between the second test signal in the compensation sub-region and the first test signal in the reference sub-region, so that the delay between the data signal currently accessed by the compensation sub-region and the data signal currently accessed by the reference sub-region is reduced, the charging time of the compensation sub-region is increased, the difference of the charging time between the compensation sub-region and the reference sub-region is reduced, the color cast is reduced, and the display effect is improved.
The invention discloses a driving circuit and a driving method of a display panel and the display panel, which comprises at least one adjusting module, wherein the adjusting module comprises: the comparison unit is respectively connected with the reference sub-area and the compensation sub-area and is used for acquiring the delay time of the second test signal relative to the first test signal; the adjusting unit is used for carrying out advanced processing on the input time of the data signal currently accessed to the compensation subarea according to the delay time length to obtain an adjusting signal; and inputting the adjusting signal into the compensation subarea; the input time of the data signal currently accessed by the compensation sub-area is processed in advance, so that the charging time of the compensation sub-area is increased, the difference of the charging time between the compensation sub-area and the reference sub-area is reduced, the color cast is reduced, and the display effect is improved.
In summary, although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, the above-described preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, therefore, the scope of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A driving circuit of a display panel, comprising:
wherein the display panel comprises a display area comprising a reference sub-area and at least two compensation sub-areas; the reference subarea is accessed with a first test signal; a second test signal is accessed to the compensation sub-area;
wherein the drive circuit comprises:
at least one adjustment module, the adjustment module comprising:
the comparison unit is respectively connected with the reference sub-area and the compensation sub-area and is used for acquiring the delay time of the second test signal relative to the first test signal;
and the adjusting unit is used for carrying out advanced processing on the input time of the data signal currently accessed by the compensation subarea according to the delay time length to obtain an adjusting signal and inputting the adjusting signal into the compensation subarea.
2. The driving circuit of the display panel according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit further comprises a flexible connector;
the reference sub-region comprises a first feedback end; the compensation subarea comprises a second feedback end;
the comparison unit comprises a first input end, a second input end and a first output end, wherein the first input end is connected with the first feedback end, and the second input end is connected with the second feedback end; the first output end is connected with the input end of the adjusting unit;
the output end of the adjusting unit is connected with the flexible connector, and the flexible connector is connected with the display panel.
3. The display panel driving circuit according to claim 2,
the flexible connector comprises a first sub-connector and a second sub-connector, the first sub-connector is connected with the reference sub-area, and the first sub-connector is used for providing data signals to the reference sub-area; the second sub-connector is connected with the compensation sub-area and is used for providing data signals to the compensation sub-area;
and the output end of the adjusting unit is connected with the second sub-connector.
4. The display panel driving circuit according to claim 3,
the compensation sub-area comprises a plurality of data lines, the second sub-connector comprises a plurality of data storage units, the data storage units correspond to the data lines in the compensation sub-area, the data storage units are used for storing data signals of the corresponding data lines in the compensation sub-area, and the adjusting units are respectively connected with the data storage units in the second sub-connector.
5. The display panel driving circuit according to claim 3,
the compensation sub-area comprises a plurality of data lines, the second sub-connector comprises a plurality of data storage units, the data storage units correspond to the data lines in the compensation sub-area, the data storage units are used for storing data signals of the corresponding data lines in the compensation sub-area, the adjusting units are respectively connected with setting storage units in the second sub-connector, and the setting storage units are data storage units, wherein the length of connecting lines between the setting storage units and the data lines is larger than a preset value.
6. The driving circuit of the display panel according to claim 3, wherein the compensation sub-region comprises a plurality of data lines, and the second feedback terminal is connected to the data line located at a middle position of the compensation sub-region.
7. The driving circuit of the display panel according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit comprises at least two of the adjusting modules, and the adjusting modules correspond to the compensating sub-regions one to one.
8. The driving circuit of a display panel according to claim 1, wherein the compensation sub-regions have equal areas.
9. A display panel comprising the driver circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A driving method of a display panel is characterized in that the display panel comprises a reference sub-area and at least two compensation sub-areas; the reference subarea is accessed with a first test signal; a second test signal is accessed to the compensation sub-area;
wherein the method comprises:
inputting a first test signal to the reference sub-region and a second test signal to the compensation sub-region;
when detecting that the second test signal is delayed relative to the first test signal, acquiring a delay time length between the second test signal and the first test signal;
processing the input time of the data signal currently accessed to the compensation subarea in advance according to the delay time length to obtain an adjustment signal;
inputting the adjustment signal into the compensation sub-region.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010088005.XA CN111276085A (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2020-02-12 | Driving circuit and driving method of display panel and display panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010088005.XA CN111276085A (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2020-02-12 | Driving circuit and driving method of display panel and display panel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111276085A true CN111276085A (en) | 2020-06-12 |
Family
ID=71002165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010088005.XA Pending CN111276085A (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2020-02-12 | Driving circuit and driving method of display panel and display panel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111276085A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114242007A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-25 | 重庆惠科金渝光电科技有限公司 | Pixel driving method and display device |
| CN115775540A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-10 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Display panel, data driving circuit and driving method thereof, and electronic device |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102402957A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-04-04 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | LCD (liquid crystal display) data driven IC (integrated circuit) output compensation circuit and compensation method |
| US20160118006A1 (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-28 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Display apparatus |
| CN106782275A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | Display panel |
| CN107492353A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-19 | 惠科股份有限公司 | Driving method and driving device of display panel |
| CN108694899A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-23 | 联咏科技股份有限公司 | Driving integrated circuit of display panel and fan-out compensation method thereof |
| CN109473075A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-15 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | The driving method and driving device of display panel |
| CN109493784A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-19 | 福建华佳彩有限公司 | A kind of circuit structure of over-speed compensation pixel electrode voltage and its compensation method |
| CN109920363A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-21 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of luminance compensation method, luminance compensating mechanism, display device |
-
2020
- 2020-02-12 CN CN202010088005.XA patent/CN111276085A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102402957A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-04-04 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | LCD (liquid crystal display) data driven IC (integrated circuit) output compensation circuit and compensation method |
| US20160118006A1 (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-28 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Display apparatus |
| CN106782275A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | Display panel |
| CN108694899A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-23 | 联咏科技股份有限公司 | Driving integrated circuit of display panel and fan-out compensation method thereof |
| CN107492353A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-19 | 惠科股份有限公司 | Driving method and driving device of display panel |
| CN109473075A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-15 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | The driving method and driving device of display panel |
| CN109493784A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-19 | 福建华佳彩有限公司 | A kind of circuit structure of over-speed compensation pixel electrode voltage and its compensation method |
| CN109920363A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-21 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of luminance compensation method, luminance compensating mechanism, display device |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114242007A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-25 | 重庆惠科金渝光电科技有限公司 | Pixel driving method and display device |
| CN115775540A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-10 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Display panel, data driving circuit and driving method thereof, and electronic device |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10403218B2 (en) | Mura compensation circuit and method, driving circuit and display device | |
| CN111276085A (en) | Driving circuit and driving method of display panel and display panel | |
| CN108986731B (en) | Display panel, compensation method thereof and display device | |
| CN113129798B (en) | Display device and method of driving the same | |
| EP3364403B1 (en) | Gate driver, and configuration system and configuration method thereof | |
| EP3910619B1 (en) | Picture compensation method and display apparatus | |
| US11308908B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display panel and driving method thereof | |
| US11373607B2 (en) | Display device and driving method thereof for reducing flicker due to refresh rate variation | |
| US10861402B2 (en) | Multiplexer and display panel | |
| CN111028799B (en) | Driving circuit and driving method of display panel | |
| CN112053651A (en) | Time sequence control method and circuit of display panel, driving device and display equipment | |
| US20210335163A1 (en) | Display panel and display device | |
| CN110827782A (en) | Drive circuit and liquid crystal display device | |
| KR100350650B1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| US20180218702A1 (en) | Data Driving System of Liquid Crystal Display Panel | |
| US20210056928A1 (en) | Display control system and display apparatus | |
| CN108417181B (en) | Interface definition method and device of driving circuit | |
| US20160293074A1 (en) | Display panel, detection circuit, and detection method thereof | |
| CN113178159B (en) | Initial signal providing module, method and splicing display device | |
| US10109229B2 (en) | Display panel driving circuit and compensation method thereof | |
| CN110928082B (en) | Array substrate and display panel | |
| KR101406928B1 (en) | Drive system adaptable to a matrix scanning device | |
| US20210089413A1 (en) | Error detecting system, error detecting method and image display controlling system | |
| CN112578602B (en) | Display panel and display device | |
| CN109471557B (en) | Control circuit and control method of tiled display screen and tiled display device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20200612 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |