CN111264118A - Novel device and method for improving soil and planting trees and shrubs in exposed sandstone areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel device and a method for improving soil in exposed sandstone areas to plant trees and shrubs, wherein the device comprises a device body and a seedling planting hole, and the soil in the seedling planting hole is sequentially provided with the following components from bottom to top: the device comprises a water retention layer, a planting layer and an evaporation prevention layer, wherein redundant sandstone piled scale pits are arranged outside seedling planting holes, and seedlings are arranged in the seedling planting holes. The invention also discloses a novel method for improving soil in the exposed sandstone area to breed trees and shrubs. The technical scheme firstly utilizes local convenient resources of the arsenopyrite and the wind and sand soil to improve the soil of the exposed arsenopyrite area, and secondly plants the vegetation in the exposed arsenopyrite area by the improved soil, thereby being more beneficial to the vegetation recovery of the exposed arsenopyrite area. The novel device for improving soil in the exposed sandstone area and planting trees and shrubs can increase the utilization efficiency of water in the exposed sandstone area to the maximum extent, reduce water and soil loss and promote ecological restoration.

Description

A new type of device and method for soil improvement in bare arsenic sandstone area

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and relates to a novel device and method for soil improvement of trees and shrubs in exposed arsenic sandstone areas.

Background technique

Pi sandstone is a loose rock formation, specifically referring to the rock interbeds composed of thick sandstone, sand shale and argillaceous sandstone of the Paleozoic Permian (about 250 million years) and the Mesozoic Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous. It is concentrated in the Ordos Plateau in the northern Loess Plateau bordering Shanxi, Shaanxi and Mongolia. It usually exists in layers of pink, purple, off-white, and gray-green. Because of its low degree of diagenesis, poor cementation between sand grains, and low structural strength, it is like mud when exposed to water and sand formed by wind, and the soil erosion is very serious. sandstone". Due to the low nutrient content in the pi sandstone area and the difficulty of water infiltration, the area is extremely difficult to control, and it is not suitable for the direct growth of vegetation, especially the exposed pi sandstone area, which is currently in a natural state without vegetation restoration.

Therefore, the traditional soil and water conservation measures of cultivating forests and grasses to control the exposed arsenic sandstone area did not play a fundamental role in improving the bad ecological environment in the region, and the planted grasses and trees were basically withered. Techniques for planting low trees and shrubs in the area. The sandy soil has no structure in the whole body, and has a large water permeability in dry and wet conditions. Its water retention performance is poor but it has a good inhibitory effect on evaporation. Because of the large amount of montmorillonite, the arsenic sandstone expands rapidly when it encounters water, and has a relatively low water retention capacity. Good water retention and water retention performance, can be used as a natural water retention agent, this technology utilizes the complementarity of arsenic sandstone and sandy soil properties to compound sand, arsenic sandstone and organic fertilizer into soil in a ratio of 1:1:1 , after mixing, it is conducive to the formation of soil aggregate structure, so as to obtain improved soil with water retention and ventilation function, which not only ensures the ventilation and water retention performance of soil, but also provides the supply of nutrient elements necessary for vegetation growth. The improved soil is placed as a filler inside the exposed arsenic sandstone, and plants are planted on it to promote the rapid establishment of vegetation, so as to promote the ecological environment management in the arsenic sandstone area. Make up for the lack of vegetation restoration technology in the exposed arsenic sandstone area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, and to provide a novel device and method for improving the soil of the exposed arsenic sandstone area with trees and shrubs. The soil in the Pi sandstone area, followed by planting the improved soil in the exposed Pi sandstone area, is more conducive to the restoration of vegetation in the exposed Pi sandstone area.

Its technical solutions are as follows:

A novel device for soil improvement in bare arsenic sandstone area for planting trees and shrubs, comprising a device body and a seedling planting hole, wherein the soil in the seedling planting hole is sequentially provided with: a water retention layer, a planting layer, and an anti-evaporation layer from bottom to top. The outside of the hole is provided with redundant arsenic sandstone accumulation fish scale pits, and the seedling holes are provided with seedlings.

Further, the seedlings are low trees or shrubs.

Still further, the seedlings are low trees, and the plant spacing and row spacing are 2m×2m.

Still further, the seedlings are shrubs, and the plant spacing and row spacing are: 1m×1m.

Further, the thickness of the anti-evaporation layer is 5cm, the soil in the cave is sandy soil, and the average particle size thereof is greater than 0.5mm.

The method for improving the soil of the new exposed arsenic sandstone area according to the present invention includes the following steps:

Step 1. Requirements for the process of digging seedling holes. Spiral drilling is carried out using a hole punch with a special drill bit, with a hole diameter of 40 cm and a depth of 50 cm. Collect 1/5 of the arsenic sandstone excavated from the seedling hole as the raw material for soil improvement in the later stage, and the other excess arsenic sandstone is evenly placed around the seedling hole to play the role of a fish scale pit.

Step 2. The soil improvement process in the planting hole. The existing arsenic sandstone and aeolian sandy soil are used, and organic fertilizer is added. The organic fertilizer requires that the organic matter content after drying is greater than or equal to 45%, and the total nutrient mass fraction (N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O) is greater than or equal to 5%. The configuration ratio is arsenic sandstone: aeolian sand soil: organic fertilizer = 1:1:1. The particles of aeolian sandy soil are larger, and the arsenic sandstone becomes mud when it encounters water. The two are complementary in nature. Organic fertilizer can increase the content of soil organic matter and nutrients. This ratio not only ensures that the soil has good ventilation and water permeability, but also ensures the growth of plants. nutrient requirements.

Step 3. The layered filling process of the improved soil. First lay 10cm of PAMN water-saturated water-retaining agent at the bottom of the 40cm-diameter hole (PAMN water-retaining agent is a new type of water-retaining agent developed by the Yellow River Water Conservancy Research Institute of the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, and has been widely used, and sufficient water-retaining agent materials can be obtained in the market) . Fill 30cm of modified soil on the water-retaining agent, fill it in two times, fill the first layer with 10cm, then fill with water, leave it overnight to fully saturate the soil, and fill the second layer with 20cm while planting seedlings. The remaining 10cm planting hole is laid with a 5cm coarse sand anti-evaporation layer, and the remaining space plays the role of shading and fish scale pits.

Step 4, seedling planting treatment process. The nursery stock is a 2-year-old nursery stock, and the nursery stock is a low-rise tree or a shrub, and the tree requires a soil ball. Before planting, it is treated by dipping the roots in the rooting powder solution of the concentration 1000ppm, and then the planting hole that is placed overnight in the watering is close to the planting. The south side of the hole is placed vertically, and 20cm of improved soil is buried and stepped on. After the planting is completed, water it several times until the planting hole has water for more than 10 minutes to make the soil water saturated. Water and nutrient management is no longer carried out in the later stage.

Step 5, the laying process of the anti-evaporation layer. Spread the coarse sand evenly on the top of the planting hole.

Further, in step 2, the soil improvement depth in the planting hole is 30cm.

Further, in step 4, the shrubs are selected to be suitable for local growth, such as sea buckthorn, caragana, wolfberry and almond, as well as low trees such as pine sylvestris, Chinese pine, mountain peach, mountain apricot, and the shrubs are planted with a row spacing of 1m and a plant spacing of 1m. , Arbor planting row spacing 2m, plant spacing 2m.

Further, in step 5, the thickness of the anti-evaporation layer is 5 cm, and the average particle size of the sand is greater than 0.5 mm.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The novel device for planting trees and shrubs in the exposed arsenic sandstone area of the present invention can maximize the water utilization efficiency of the exposed arsenic sandstone area, reduce soil erosion, and promote ecological restoration; the soil improvement and planting arbor irrigation technology in the exposed arsenic sandstone area of the present invention is effective It solves the problem of difficult vegetation restoration due to lack of water and nutrients caused by rainfall infiltration in the exposed arsenic sandstone area in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Mongolia, and makes up for the shortcomings of barren soil, lack of water and difficulty in vegetation restoration in the exposed arsenic sandstone area. .

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: the structural representation of the device of the present invention's novel bare arsenic sandstone area soil improvement plant tree and shrub;

Fig. 2: the floor plan of the device of the present invention's novel bare arsenic sandstone area soil improvement plant tree and shrub;

Figure 3: A cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention for improving the soil of the exposed arsenic sandstone area for planting trees and shrubs.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, a new type of device for improving the soil of the exposed arsenic sandstone area for planting trees and shrubs includes a device body 1 and a seedling planting hole 2, and the soil in the hole of the seedling planting hole 2 is sequentially provided with from bottom to top: water retention layer 3 , a planting layer 4, an anti-evaporation layer 5, the outside of the seedling planting hole 2 is provided with redundant arsenic sandstone accumulation fish scale pits 6, and the seedling planting hole 2 is provided with seedlings 7.

The seedling 7 is a low tree or shrub.

The seedling 7 is a low tree, and its plant spacing 8 and row spacing 9 are: 2m×2m.

The seedling 7 is a shrub, and the plant spacing 8 and row spacing 9 are: 1 m×1 m.

The thickness of the anti-evaporation layer 5 is 5 cm, the soil in the cave is sandy soil, and the average particle size thereof is greater than 0.5 mm.

The method for improving the soil of the new exposed arsenic sandstone area according to the present invention includes the following steps:

Step 1. Requirements for the process of digging seedling holes. Spiral drilling is carried out using a hole punch with a special drill bit, with a hole diameter of 40 cm and a depth of 50 cm. Collect 1/5 of the arsenic sandstone excavated from the seedling hole as the raw material for soil improvement in the later stage, and the other excess arsenic sandstone is evenly placed around the seedling hole to play the role of a fish scale pit.

Step 2. The soil improvement process in the planting hole. The existing arsenic sandstone and aeolian sandy soil are used, and organic fertilizer is added. The organic fertilizer requires that the organic matter content after drying is greater than or equal to 45%, and the total nutrient mass fraction (N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O) is greater than or equal to 5%. The configuration ratio is arsenic sandstone: aeolian sand soil: organic fertilizer = 1:1:1. The particles of aeolian sandy soil are larger, and the arsenic sandstone becomes mud when it encounters water. The two are complementary in nature. Organic fertilizer can increase the content of soil organic matter and nutrients. This ratio not only ensures that the soil has good ventilation and water permeability, but also ensures the growth of plants. nutrient requirements.

Step 3. The layered filling process of the improved soil. First lay 10cm of PAMN water-saturated water-retaining agent at the bottom of the 40cm-diameter hole (PAMN water-retaining agent is a new type of water-retaining agent developed by the Yellow River Water Conservancy Research Institute of the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, and has been widely used, and sufficient water-retaining agent materials can be obtained in the market) . Fill 30cm of modified soil on the water-retaining agent, fill it in two times, fill the first layer with 10cm, then fill with water, leave it overnight to fully saturate the soil, and fill the second layer with 20cm while planting seedlings. The remaining 10cm planting hole is laid with a 5cm coarse sand anti-evaporation layer, and the remaining space plays the role of shading and fish scale pits.

Step 4, seedling planting treatment process. The nursery stock is a 2-year-old nursery stock, and the nursery stock is a low-rise tree or a shrub, and the tree requires a soil ball. Before planting, it is treated by dipping the roots in the rooting powder solution of the concentration 1000ppm, and then the planting hole that is placed overnight in the watering is close to the planting. The south side of the hole is placed vertically, and 20cm of improved soil is buried and stepped on. After the planting is completed, water it several times until the planting hole has water for more than 10 minutes to make the soil water saturated. Water and nutrient management is no longer carried out in the later stage.

Step 5, the laying process of the anti-evaporation layer. Spread the coarse sand evenly on the top of the planting hole.

In step 2, the soil improvement depth in the planting hole is 30cm.

In step 4, the shrubs are selected to be suitable for local growth, such as sea buckthorn, caragana, wolfberry and almond, as well as low trees such as pine, tabuli, mountain peach, and mountain apricot. Planting row spacing 2m, plant spacing 2m.

In step 5, the thickness of the anti-evaporation layer is 5 cm, and the average particle size of the sand is greater than 0.5 mm.

Example 1

On April 11, 2018, at the Geqiugou Test Station, Nuanshui Township, Inner Mongolia, using a LYS40 micro lysimeter (40cm in diameter, 50cm in height) according to the filling process of the present invention, the bottom layer was first laid with 10cm of PAMN water-saturated water-retaining agent. Fill 30cm of modified soil on top of the water-retaining agent, fill it in two times, fill 10cm in the first layer, then fill it with water, leave it overnight to fully saturate the soil, and excess water flows out through the leakage channel, fill 20cm the next day, slowly Add water until water comes out of the bottom leak tube. Finally, in the reserved 10cm above, lay 5cm thick sand with a 0.55mm sieve. Automatic monitoring of the evaporation process.

Comparative Example 1

The small evaporation measuring device of Comparative Example 1 has two surface treatments, one surface layer is not covered with sand, and the other surface layer is covered with 5cm fine sand, particle size < 0.55mm, other steps are the same as in Example 1.

On May 10, 2018, different plant plantings were carried out. Evaporation not only included soil evaporation, but also plant transpiration. Therefore, the soil evaporation process from April 11 to May 10 was mainly analyzed. Comparative analysis found that the cumulative evaporation of coarse sand in Example 1 was 17.53mm during this period, which was 75.32% less than that of 71.02mm without anti-evaporation treatment; the evaporation of 22.36cm of fine sand with a surface covering of 2cm was reduced by 21.6%. It can be seen that the evaporation of soil moisture is significantly reduced after the treatment of the coarse sand anti-evaporation layer, and the soil water retention effect is significant, especially the covering effect of coarse sand particles is better. Therefore, the present invention preferably covers the 5 cm coarse sand anti-evaporation layer.

Example 2

On May 10, 2018, in Example 1, the anti-evaporation layer was collected in a pot and continued to be used after planting. The upper part of the modified soil was dug 20cm deep, and the 2-year-old almond seedlings were loaded into the lysimeter. First, the 20cm of modified soil dug out was backfilled, and then the coarse sand collected in the pot was covered on the surface. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Slowly add water again until water comes out of the bottom leak tube. No watering and fertilization management is carried out during the growth process. Monitor the growth of almonds.

Comparative Example 2

The lysimeter planting layer of Comparative Example 2 did not carry out soil improvement, and all were in the state of arsenic sandstone filling. Other steps are the same as in Example 2.

On May 10, 2019, a statistical analysis was carried out on the survival rate and growth status of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 almonds almonds. 67% were significantly different. Moreover, the difference in the growth conditions in the later period is more significant. After one year of growth, the plant height of almond almonds is as follows: the average plant height of Example 2 is 10cm, while the plant height of Comparative Example 2 is 3.8cm, and the growth rate of plant height is different. Extremely significant, indicating that soil improvement has a significant effect on the change of plant height of almond. At the same time, Example 2 had a small amount of flowers in the flowering period in 2019, and the fruit could also be harvested during the fruiting period, while the Comparative Example 2 did not bloom in 2019, so the fruit could not be harvested. This shows that after soil improvement, it can promote the growth of almonds and enter the flowering and fruiting stage in advance. Through the analysis of the changes of plant height and the results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the arsenic sandstone soil treatment can significantly improve the plant height and maturity, and has a significant impact on plant growth.

Example 3

On May 15, 2018, in the exposed arsenic sandstone area on the top of Shiba Dagou, Nuanshui Township, Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia, a mountain peach planting demonstration was carried out by using the technical method of the present invention, and the planting density was 2m×2m. Use a drill with a diameter of 40cm to excavate a planting hole with a depth of 50cm. First fill the hole with 10cm of water-saturated PAMN water-retaining agent, then fill 30cm of the improved soil according to the present invention, fill in two times, fill the first layer with 10cm, and then Fill with water and leave it overnight to fully saturate the soil. The next day, the mountain peach is planted. Before planting, the roots are dipped in the rooting powder solution with a concentration of 1000 ppm. . Finally, it is covered with 5 cm thick grit passing through a 0.55 mm sieve. After the planting is completed, water it several times until the planting hole has water for more than 10 minutes to make the soil water saturated. Water and nutrient management is no longer carried out in the later stage.

Comparative Example 3

The soil of Comparative Example 3 was not improved. After drilling, the soil was filled with arsenic sandstone. The surface layer was not subjected to anti-evaporation treatment, and 5 cm deep arsenic sandstone was directly laid. Other steps are the same as in Example 3.

On May 15, 2019, in the demonstration area of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, 20m × 20m plots were selected for statistical analysis of the survival rate of mountain peach. It was found that the survival rate of Example 3 was 98%, while the survival rate of Mountain Peach in Comparative Example 3 was Only 64%, soil improvement increased the survival rate of mountain peach by 34%, indicating that soil improvement provided sufficient water and nutrients for the growth of mountain peach, and at the same time improved the wintering ability of mountain peach. It can be seen that the soil improvement and water retention and anti-evaporation treatment proposed by the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate of mountain peach, and have a significant impact on plant growth.

The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can obviously obtain the simplicity of the technical solution within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Variations or equivalent substitutions fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. the device of a novel bare arsenic sandstone district soil improvement planting shrubs, is characterized in that: comprise device body (1) and planting hole (2), the soil in the hole of described planting hole (2) is set up successively from bottom to top There are: a water retaining layer (3), a planting layer (4), an anti-evaporation layer (5), the outside of the seedling planting hole (2) is provided with redundant arsenic sandstone accumulation fish scale pits (6), and the seedling planting hole (2) is inside There are seedlings (7). 2 . The device for soil improvement of a new type of bare arsenic sandstone area according to claim 1 , wherein the seedlings ( 7 ) are low-rise trees or shrubs. 3 . 3. the device of novel bare arsenic sandstone area soil improvement planting shrubs according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described seedling (7) is low arbor, and its plant spacing (8) and row spacing (9) are: 2m×2m. 4. The device of novel bare arsenic sandstone area soil improvement planting trees and shrubs according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described nursery stock (7) is shrub, and its planting spacing (8) and row spacing (9) are: 1m × 1m. 5. the device of novel bare arsenic sandstone area soil improvement planting shrubs according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of described anti-evaporation layer (5) is 5cm, and the soil in the cave is sandy soil, and its average particle size is greater than 0.5mm. 6. a kind of method for the described novel bare arsenic sandstone district soil improvement of claim 1, is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps: Step 1. Requirements for the process of digging the seedling hole; use a punching machine with a special drill bit for screw drilling, with a diameter of 40cm and a depth of 50cm; collect 1/5 of the arsenic sandstone dug out of the seedling hole as the raw material for soil improvement in the later stage, and other excess arsenic sandstone It is evenly placed around the planting hole to play the role of a fish scale pit; Step 2. The soil improvement process in the planting hole; the existing arsenic sandstone and aeolian sandy soil are used, and organic fertilizer is added. The organic fertilizer requires that the organic matter content after drying is ≥45%, and the total nutrient mass fraction is N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O ≥ 5 %; the configuration ratio is arsenic sandstone: aeolian sand soil: organic fertilizer = 1:1:1; Step 3. The layered filling process of the improved soil; firstly lay 10 cm of PAMN water-saturated water-saturated water-retaining agent on the bottom layer of the 40-cm diameter hole, and fill 30 cm of the improved soil on the water-retaining agent. Then fill with water and leave it overnight to fully saturate the soil. The second layer is filled with 20cm while planting seedlings; the remaining 10cm planting hole is laid with a 5cm anti-evaporation layer of coarse sand, and the remaining space plays the role of shading and fish scale pits; Step 4, the seedling planting treatment process; the seedling is a 2-year-old seedling, and the seedling is a low dwarf tree or a shrub, and the tree requires a soil ball. Place the planting hole overnight, place it vertically near the south of the planting hole, bury 20cm to improve the soil, and step on it firmly; after the planting is completed, water it several times until the water in the planting hole is stored for more than 10 minutes to make the soil moisture saturated; no more water in the later stage and nutrient management; Step 5, the laying process of the anti-evaporation layer; evenly lay the coarse sand on the upper layer of the planting hole. 7. The method for soil improvement in the new exposed arsenic sandstone area according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2, the improvement depth of soil improvement in the planting hole is 30cm. 8. the method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: in step 4, shrubs are selected to be suitable for local growth of sea buckthorn, caragana, medlar and almond, low dwarf trees Select Pinus sylvestris, Pinus tabulaeformis, Mountain Peach, Mountain Apricot, shrub planting row spacing 1m, plant spacing 1m, tree planting row spacing 2m, plant spacing 2m. 9 . The method for soil improvement of a new type of exposed arsenic sandstone area according to claim 7 , wherein the thickness of the anti-evaporation layer is 5 cm, and the average particle size of the sand is greater than 0.5 mm. 10 .

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