CN111257611A - Device for measuring transport current in superconducting wire by magnetic induction coil method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种磁感线圈法测量超导线中输运电流装置,属于超导应用技术领域。本发明的技术方案要点为:测量原理为:超导线中输运直流电流时,在其外面形成稳恒的静磁场,在导线外放置开口线圈,如果线圈做垂直导线和线圈中心点所在的平面旋转,则在线圈中产生感生电动势,通过测量这一感生电动势间接测量输运电流;整个装置改进刚性罗柯夫斯基线圈测量超导线中的输运电流,装置探头部件是刚性罗柯夫斯基线圈由通过底部固定在自制支架上的的步进电机驱动,实现通过探头检测线圈里磁通量对时间的变化,相当于罗柯夫斯基线圈在测量交流电流的变化磁场,实现满足罗柯夫斯基线圈测试条件。
The invention discloses a device for measuring transport current in a superconducting wire by a magnetic induction coil method, which belongs to the technical field of superconducting applications. The main points of the technical solution of the present invention are: the measurement principle is: when a direct current is transported in the superconducting wire, a stable static magnetic field is formed outside the superconducting wire, and an open coil is placed outside the wire. When rotating, an induced electromotive force is generated in the coil, and the transport current is indirectly measured by measuring the induced electromotive force; the whole device improves the rigid Rogowski coil to measure the transport current in the superconducting wire, and the probe part of the device is a rigid Rogowski coil. The Rogowski coil is driven by a stepper motor fixed on the self-made bracket through the bottom, and the change of the magnetic flux in the coil against time can be detected by the probe, which is equivalent to the Rogowski coil in measuring the changing magnetic field of the alternating current, so as to meet the requirements of the Rogowski coil. Kowski coil test conditions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于超导应用技术领域,具体涉及一种磁感线圈法测量超导线中输运电流装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of superconducting applications, and in particular relates to a device for measuring transport current in a superconducting wire by a magnetic induction coil method.
背景技术Background technique
高温超导电缆具有特大电流密度和超低输电损耗等特点,并具有节能、零电磁干扰、非爆炸性、不可燃及无毒等环保优势,是一种极具应用前景的大容量紧凑型输电电缆,超导技术是解决目前电力系统中上述困难的有效途径。随着高温超导材料及相关技术的不断进步,高温超导电缆逐渐从实验室走向实际并网运行,但是截至目前,实际并入电网的高温超导电缆项目都是针对交流输电的场合而研究和设计的。事实上,高温超导材料的零电阻特性只有在直流应用条件下才能满足,而在交流应用中,不可避免的存在交流损耗。而且相对交流输电而言,直流输电本身具有更灵活的控制特性。近年来,超导电力装置的研究也取得了巨大进步。然而,超导电力装置的应用却带来一些新的问题,特别是在系统的大电流下,超导装置的失超是一个比较严重的问题,将直接危害到装置和系统的安全。这都要求能够准确的在线测量和控制超导线中输运的电流。High-temperature superconducting cables have the characteristics of extra-large current density and ultra-low transmission loss, as well as environmental protection advantages such as energy saving, zero electromagnetic interference, non-explosive, non-flammable and non-toxic, etc. It is a large-capacity compact transmission cable with great application prospects. , superconducting technology is an effective way to solve the above difficulties in the current power system. With the continuous progress of high-temperature superconducting materials and related technologies, high-temperature superconducting cables have gradually moved from the laboratory to the actual grid-connected operation. However, up to now, the high-temperature superconducting cable projects actually integrated into the grid are all researched for the occasion of AC power transmission. and designed. In fact, the zero-resistance characteristic of high-temperature superconducting materials can only be satisfied under the condition of DC application, and in AC application, there is inevitable AC loss. Moreover, compared with AC transmission, DC transmission itself has more flexible control characteristics. In recent years, research on superconducting electrical devices has also made great progress. However, the application of superconducting power devices brings some new problems, especially under the large current of the system, the quench of superconducting devices is a serious problem, which will directly endanger the safety of devices and systems. All of these require accurate online measurement and control of the current transported in the superconducting wire.
然而超导线中输运电流一般很大,霍尔片饱和失效;超导的一个基本特性是零电阻,直流超导时电流的热效应趋近零;也没有电磁能量的交换不发生电磁辐射——电磁能量是静态的,这些都为测量带来了麻烦。目前测量直流大电流主要有以下几种方法:分流器法、磁调制法、核磁共振法、磁光效应法、霍尔效应法、罗柯夫斯基线圈法、直流比较仪法等,这些方法是对常规导导线的测量,都不能直接应用于超导线的在线测量。可是超导电力装置的性能检测技术与增强超导电力技术的可靠性密切相关。为使超导电力装置进入电力系统,必须研究其检测方法、检测标准等关键技术,以实现对研制开发的超导电力装置进行全面而科学的性能检测,保证运行的超导电力装置具有良好的技术和可靠的运行性能。但是,目前对超导线中输运直流电流进行测量还没有有效的手段。However, the transport current in the superconducting wire is generally very large, and the Hall plate is saturated and fails; one of the basic characteristics of superconductivity is zero resistance, and the thermal effect of the current in DC superconductivity approaches zero; there is no exchange of electromagnetic energy and no electromagnetic radiation occurs—— Electromagnetic energy is static, which makes measurements difficult. At present, there are mainly the following methods for measuring large DC current: shunt method, magnetic modulation method, nuclear magnetic resonance method, magneto-optical effect method, Hall effect method, Rogowski coil method, DC comparator method, etc. These methods It is the measurement of conventional conducting wire, and cannot be directly applied to the online measurement of superconducting wire. However, the performance testing technology of superconducting power devices is closely related to enhancing the reliability of superconducting power technology. In order to make the superconducting power device enter the power system, it is necessary to study its key technologies such as detection methods and testing standards, so as to realize the comprehensive and scientific performance testing of the developed superconducting power device, and ensure that the superconducting power device in operation has good performance. technology and reliable performance. However, at present, there is no effective means to measure the DC current transported in superconducting wires.
罗柯夫斯基线圈是一种交流电流传感器,是一个空心环形的线圈,有柔性和硬性两种,可以直接套在被测量的导体上来测量交流电流。罗氏线圈适用于较宽频率范围内的交流电流的测量,对导体、尺寸都无特殊要求,具有较快的瞬间反应能力等优点。广泛应用在高频、大电流测量。研究能否改进使用罗柯夫斯基线圈原理测量直流超导线中输运电流,制备工程上测量超导线中直流输运电流装置是一个亟待解决的问题。Rogowski coil is a kind of AC current sensor, it is a hollow annular coil, there are two kinds of flexible and rigid, which can be directly put on the conductor to be measured to measure the AC current. Rogowski coils are suitable for the measurement of AC current in a wide frequency range, and have no special requirements for conductors and dimensions, and have the advantages of fast instantaneous response capability. Widely used in high frequency, high current measurement. It is an urgent problem to study whether it is possible to improve the use of Rogowski coil principle to measure the transport current in DC superconducting wire, and to prepare a device for measuring DC transport current in superconducting wire in engineering.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决对工程应用的超导线中输运直流电流进行测量的问题,本发明提供了一种磁感线圈法测量超导线中输运电流装置。In order to solve the problem of measuring the transporting direct current in the superconducting wire used in engineering, the present invention provides a device for measuring the transporting current in the superconducting wire by a magnetic induction coil method.
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用如下技术方案,磁感线圈法测量超导线中输运电流装置在于:The present invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the above-mentioned technical problems, and the device for measuring the transport current in the superconducting wire by the magnetic induction coil method is:
当超导线中输运直流电流时,在其外面形成稳恒的静磁场,在导线外放置开口线圈,如果线圈做垂直导线和线圈中心点所在的平面旋转,则在线圈中产生感生电动势。When a DC current is transported in the superconducting wire, a stable static magnetic field is formed outside the superconducting wire, and an open coil is placed outside the wire. If the coil is rotated perpendicular to the wire and the plane where the center point of the coil is located, an induced electromotive force is generated in the coil.
根据毕奥-萨伐尔定律任意载流电流I的导线在线外距离为r的点 P 处的磁感强度为:According to the Biot-Savart law, the magnetic induction at a point P at a distance r outside the wire of a wire carrying any current I is:
设线圈面积为S,线圈匝数为N,线圈的转角速率为W,则线圈感生电动势为:Assuming that the coil area is S, the number of turns of the coil is N, and the angular rate of the coil is W, the induced electromotive force of the coil is:
式中L 1,L 2分别为导线中心距线圈上下边沿距离,θ为相位,则通过测量这一感生电动势通过计算间接得到测量输运电流。In the formula, L 1 and L 2 are the distance between the center of the wire and the upper and lower edges of the coil, respectively, and θ is the phase. Then, by measuring the induced electromotive force, the measured transport current is indirectly obtained through calculation.
由于罗柯夫斯基线圈主要是通过测量交流电流的交流磁场,进而测得导线中的电流,所以不能直接使用罗柯夫斯基线圈测量超导线中输运直流电流,本发明装置改进刚性罗柯夫斯基线圈测量超导线中的输运电流。根据相对运动关系,在测直流电流外稳定的磁场时,让近超导线外放置的线圈,用刚性罗柯夫斯基线圈由步进电机驱动运动,实现通过探头检测线圈里磁通量对时间的变化,相当于罗柯夫斯基线圈在测量交流电流的变化磁场,实现满足罗柯夫斯基线圈测试条件。Since the Rogowski coil is mainly used to measure the AC magnetic field of the AC current, and then the current in the wire is measured, the Rogowski coil cannot be used directly to measure the DC current transported in the superconducting wire. The device of the invention improves the rigidity of the coil. Kovsky coils measure transport currents in superconducting wires. According to the relative motion relationship, when measuring the stable magnetic field outside the DC current, the coil placed outside the near superconducting wire is driven by a stepper motor with a rigid Rogowski coil to detect the change of the magnetic flux in the coil with time through the probe. , which is equivalent to the Rogowski coil in measuring the changing magnetic field of the alternating current, so as to meet the test conditions of the Rogowski coil.
整个装置是探头部件刚性罗柯夫斯基线圈由通过底部固定在自制支架上的的步进电机驱动,积分运算放大电路模块和数字显示等模块可采用罗柯夫斯基线圈检测设备,通过修改进植入本装置参数,使用时把设备卡在超导输运线上进行测量读数。The whole device is the probe part. The rigid Rogowski coil is driven by a stepper motor fixed on the self-made bracket through the bottom. Modules such as the integral operational amplifier circuit module and the digital display can use the Rogowski coil detection equipment. Enter the parameters of the device, and use the device to be stuck on the superconducting transport line to measure and read.
进一步优选,所述探头刚性罗柯夫斯基线圈型号LS-N-1000;Further preferably, the probe rigid Rogowski coil model LS-N-1000;
进一步优选,所述步进电机百格拉步进电机型号VRDM31122/LWB;It is further preferred that the stepper motor model is VRDM31122/LWB;
进一步优选,所述设置步进电机转速50转/秒。Further preferably, the set stepper motor speed is 50 revolutions per second.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果:采用改进刚性罗柯夫斯基线圈法测量超导线中输运电流装置改变了罗柯夫斯基线圈不能测直流电流特性;解决了在线测量超导线中大输运电流的问题;与常用测直流电的霍尔传感器相比本方法受测量环境温度影响较小,不会出现大电流(超导线理论输运电流MA量级)下霍尔传感器的半导体饱和失效;本设备不仅可以测量超导线中大输运电流,还可以测普通导线大直流电流。Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: adopting the improved rigid Rogowski coil method to measure the transport current in the superconducting wire changes the characteristic that the Rogowski coil cannot measure the direct current; The problem of large transport current in the wire; compared with the Hall sensor commonly used to measure DC current, this method is less affected by the measurement environment temperature, and there will be no problem of the Hall sensor under high current (the theoretical transport current of superconducting wire is MA magnitude). Semiconductor saturation failure; this equipment can not only measure the large transport current in superconducting wire, but also can measure the large direct current in ordinary wire.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例设备测量原理示意图。图中1) 导线及直流电流方向,2) 电流的磁场,3)线圈;FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the device according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the figure 1) the wire and the direction of the DC current, 2) the magnetic field of the current, 3) the coil;
图2是本发明实施例装备示意图。图中1) 支架的三抓,2) 超导线, 3)支架的竖杆,4)底座,5) 探头的线圈,6)探头线圈的驱动和结果数显;FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1) the three grips of the bracket, 2) the superconducting wire, 3) the vertical rod of the bracket, 4) the base, 5) the coil of the probe, 6) the drive of the probe coil and the digital display of the results;
图3是本发明实施例探头线圈与驱动装备示意图。图中1) 探头线圈,2) 步进电机;FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a probe coil and driving equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure 1) the probe coil, 2) the stepper motor;
图4是本发明实施例测量电流与实际电流对比表。FIG. 4 is a comparison table of measured current and actual current according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明,但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。The above-mentioned content of the present invention is described in further detail below through the examples, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples, and all technologies realized based on the above-mentioned content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
实施例Example
如图1所示本发明设备测量原理在通电导线外放置旋转线圈,由于电线中电流在外形成磁场,线圈做垂直导线和线圈中心点所在的平面旋转,则在线圈中产生感生电动势。线圈中产生感生电动势和通电导线中电流I大小,线圈面积和转速,以及磁针与通电导线间的距离有关。当线圈和转速确定,放在超导线外距离不变,如图2本发明实施例装备示意图所示,在探头线圈转速一定情况下,固定探头的支架三抓卡住通电超导线,即使通电超导线粗细有些变化,但总能保持超导线中心线距离探头保持不变。探头线圈由底部步进电机驱动旋转,如图3所示,即使直流电流稳恒磁场,让线圈旋转,使通过线圈面的磁通量变化,即可满足罗柯夫斯基线圈法测量电流的条件,通过积分运算放大电路模块,由数字显示装置输出结果。As shown in Figure 1, the measuring principle of the device of the present invention is to place a rotating coil outside the energized wire. Since the current in the wire forms a magnetic field outside, and the coil rotates in the plane where the vertical wire and the coil center point are located, an induced electromotive force is generated in the coil. The induced electromotive force in the coil is related to the size of the current I in the energized wire, the area and speed of the coil, and the distance between the magnetic needle and the energized wire. When the coil and the rotating speed are determined, the distance outside the superconducting wire remains unchanged. As shown in the schematic diagram of the equipment of the embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 2, under the condition that the rotating speed of the probe coil is constant, the bracket for fixing the probe three grasps the energized superconducting wire. The thickness of the wire varies, but the distance between the centerline of the superconducting wire and the probe can always be kept unchanged. The probe coil is driven to rotate by the bottom stepper motor. As shown in Figure 3, even if the DC current stabilizes the magnetic field, the coil rotates and the magnetic flux passing through the coil surface changes, which can meet the current measurement conditions of the Rogowski coil method. Through the integral operation amplifier circuit module, the result is output by the digital display device.
图4是本发明设备在一般直流导线和电解铝线路实验测量电流与实际电流对比表,由表中数据对比分析可知,测量值和实际电流十分接近,也说明本设备能准确测量量程范围较广的电流值。Fig. 4 is a comparison table between the experimental measurement current and the actual current of the device of the present invention in a general DC wire and an electrolytic aluminum circuit. It can be seen from the comparison and analysis of the data in the table that the measured value is very close to the actual current, which also shows that the device can accurately measure a wide range. current value.
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。The above embodiments describe the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the scope of the principles of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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