CN111253923A - Biological petroleum viscosity reducer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological petroleum viscosity reducer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological petroleum viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the viscosity reducer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3.2-6.2 parts of sodium octadecyl phosphate, 3.8-6.8 parts of octadecyl glycoside, 19-21 parts of sodium fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, 14-16 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 7-9 parts of isopropanol, 1 part of organic salt, 1 part of organic alcohol, 47-50 parts of water and 0.1-0.2 part of composite cellulase preparation. The novel biological surfactant formed by combining an organic synthesis process and a biological enzyme preparation catalysis technology is a novel biological nonionic surfactant which is acid-base-resistant, biodegradable, pollution-free and harmless to human bodies, and compared with other similar products, the novel biological nonionic surfactant is more widely applied to the field of oil exploitation and can greatly improve or improve the oil conveying efficiency of oil conveying pipelines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of viscosity reduction, and particularly relates to a biological petroleum viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The heavy oil has low light component content, high asphaltene and colloid content and low straight-chain hydrocarbon content, so that most of the heavy oil has the characteristics of high viscosity and high density, and the heavy oil is difficult to recover and transport. The common viscosity-reducing methods used inside and outside China during the process of thick oil recovery include a heating method, a thin oil mixing method, thick oil modification viscosity reduction and a chemical agent viscosity reduction method. The main component of the emulsifying viscosity-reducing agent is surfactant, and the oil-water interfacial tension is reduced, so that the thick oil in the stratum is changed from a water-in-oil emulsified state into an emulsified state taking water as an external phase, the viscosity of the thick oil is greatly reduced, and the recovery ratio is obviously improved. The emulsification and viscosity reduction method in the chemical agent viscosity reduction method is generally concerned, and the underground emulsification and viscosity reduction technology is applied, so that the pump efficiency and the working fluid level of an oil well can be improved, the power consumption is reduced, the system pressure is reduced, and the yield of crude oil in a single well is increased. In a high sand well, the pump speed is more coordinated due to the water wettability of the emulsifier on the valves of the downhole pump. Therefore, development of an emulsion viscosity reducer with a small amount and low cost is one of the focuses of attention. The increase of the exploitation depth of the thickened oil and the complication of geological conditions put forward the requirements of high temperature resistance and mineral salt resistance on the emulsifying viscosity reducer. Although petroleum sulfonate is inexpensive and has been successfully used in some oil fields, it has poor mineral salt resistance because it is an anionic emulsifying viscosity reducer. Although the problem can be partially solved by adopting a method of compounding the anionic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant, the nonionic-anionic compounded emulsifying viscosity reducer can generate a chromatographic separation phenomenon in the stratum, and the property and the state of a compounded system can not be prevented from being changed in the stratum.
The research institute of petrochemical engineering science proposes a new idea for improving the salt mine resistance of the emulsifying viscosity-reducing agent, and anionic functional groups and nonionic functional groups are condensed in the same molecule to synthesize the ternary copolycondensation type emulsifying viscosity-reducing agent of sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid and polyether. Before and after the copolycondensation polymer is treated at the high temperature of 350 ℃, the emulsification and viscosity reduction effects of the copolycondensation polymer are not obviously changed; in mineralized water with calcium and magnesium ion concentration up to 2000 mg/L, the viscosity reducing rate is still up to more than 90%, and the mineralized water is superior to sulfonate or phosphate type emulsifying viscosity reducer, and similar products have LB viscosity reducer. However, the existing petroleum viscosity reducer has harsh preparation conditions, or has an unobvious viscosity reducing effect, or is not acid-base resistant or biodegradable, and pollutes the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing petroleum viscosity reducer, the invention aims to provide a biological petroleum viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof, the invention uses a novel biological surfactant formed by combining an organic synthesis process and a biological enzyme preparation catalysis technology, and the main effects of the biological surfactant are to improve the kinematic viscosity of the thickened oil and improve the recovery ratio of the thickened oil; the application field of the method is the fields of secondary and tertiary petroleum exploitation and petroleum pipeline conveying engineering so as to improve the petroleum pipeline conveying efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the biological petroleum viscosity reducer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 3.2-6.2 parts of sodium octadecyl phosphate, 3.8-6.8 parts of octadecyl glycoside, 19-21 parts of sodium fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, 14-16 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 7-9 parts of isopropanol, 1 part of organic salt, 1 part of organic alcohol, 47-50 parts of water and 0.1-0.2 part of composite cellulase preparation.
Preferably, the compound cellulase preparation is formed by modifying cellulase and hemicellulase by polyethylene glycol.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the cellulase to the hemicellulase is 0.001 to 0.002.
A method for preparing a biological petroleum viscosity reducer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) adding sodium octadecyl phosphate, octadecyl glucoside and sodium fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate into water with the temperature of 75-80 ℃, and stirring at constant temperature for 120-150 minutes;
2) step 1), cooling the temperature to 55-65 ℃ after stirring, then adding fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and isopropanol, and stirring for 30-60 minutes at constant temperature;
3) step 2) after the stirring is finished, adding the composite cellulase preparation, stirring at constant temperature for 120-,
4) and 3) keeping the temperature of 55-60 ℃ after stirring is finished, and keeping the temperature for 3-4 hours to obtain the biological petroleum viscosity reducer.
Preferably, the temperature of the water in the step 1) is 80 ℃, and the constant-temperature stirring time is 120 minutes.
Preferably, the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃ after the stirring in the step 1) in the step 2) is finished, and the constant-temperature stirring time is 30 minutes.
Preferably, the constant-temperature stirring time in the step 3) is 120 minutes.
Preferably, in the step 4), after the stirring in the step 3) is finished, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3 hours to obtain the biological petroleum viscosity reducer.
The application mode of the viscosity reducing agent of the invention is as follows: the viscosity reducer can be mixed with water or oil in any proportion, and the prepared aqueous solution is injected into a petroleum mine to act on the thick oil, so that the kinematic viscosity of the thick oil can be improved by not less than 40% within 24 hours, and the kinematic viscosity of the crude oil can be continuously reduced by more than 90% within 7 days. The product has ultra-low surface tension of aqueous solution, and is suitable for the field of secondary and tertiary exploitation engineering of underground heavy oil. When the viscosity reducer is used as a thick oil viscosity reducer or a thick oil displacement agent, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the viscosity reducer is about 0.2% of the mass of a substrate.
The viscosity reducer is light yellow thick liquid at normal temperature, has good fluidity and water solubility, is composed of two long-carbon alkane organic compounds and organic compounds with strong emulsification effect, and is organically synthesized, and then is subjected to microbial catalysis and fermentation by a combined biological enzyme preparation in the environment with moderate temperature, moderate pH value and salinity, so that the molecular structure of the original organic compound combination is changed, the diversity of molecular structures of sugar esters and phospholipids is formed, and functional groups with special effects are generated. The product has excellent surface performance and good water solubility or oil solubility; can be mixed with water or oil in any proportion for use, thereby having wide application range. The method can be popularized and applied in the fields of secondary and tertiary oil exploitation, or thickened oil viscosity reduction, mine cleaning, pipeline cleaning and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the novel biological surfactant formed by combining an organic synthesis process and a biological enzyme preparation catalysis technology is a novel biological nonionic surfactant which is acid-base-resistant, biodegradable, pollution-free and harmless to human bodies, and compared with other similar products, the novel biological nonionic surfactant is more widely applied to the field of oil exploitation.
2) Greatly improves or improves the oil transportation efficiency of the oil transportation pipeline.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, the present invention is specifically described below by way of examples.
Viscosity reduction rate (oil-like kinematic viscosity value before addition of viscosity-reducing agent-kinematic viscosity value after addition of viscosity-reducing agent) ÷ oil-like kinematic viscosity value before addition of viscosity-reducing agent × 100%
Equipment for detecting kinematic viscosity of petroleum: american Brookfield DV-2T viscometer example 1:
the thick crude oil of the Nanyang oil field of Henan province is collected for standby, and the following formula is used: 5.2 parts of octadecyl phosphate sodium salt, 5.8 parts of octadecyl glucoside, 20 parts of fatty acid methyl ester sodium sulfonate, 15 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 8 parts of isopropanol, 1 part of organic salts, 1 part of organic alcohols, 47-50 parts of water and 0.15 part of composite cellulose preparation.
1) Mixing the viscosity reducer finished product prepared by the formula with water to obtain 400 ml of 10% aqueous solution medicament, and stirring the aqueous solution medicament into homogeneous phase solution for later use;
2) taking 350-400 g of thick crude oil, injecting the thick crude oil into a beaker, and standing the beaker in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle for not less than 45 minutes;
3) detecting the kinematic viscosity of the thick crude oil in the beaker; the kinematic viscosity of the thick oil sample is detected by using a Brookfield DV-2T viscometer manufactured in America, and is as follows: 5282 mPa.s;
4) injecting a 10% homogeneous solution liquid medicament into an oil sample beaker according to the weight proportion of the oil sample, stirring properly, fully mixing the medicament and the oil sample, sealing the beaker, and standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle again for observation;
5) after 24 hours (next day), the first test was performed on the thickened oil sample: 3746mPa.s, viscosity reduction rate: 29.08 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
6) after 48 hours (third day), the thick oil sample was tested a second time: 2745mPa.s, viscosity reduction rate: 48.03 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
7) after 72 hours (fourth day), the thick oil sample was examined for a third time: 1939mpa.s, viscosity reduction: 63.29 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
8) after 96 hours (fifth day), the thickened oil sample was examined a fourth time: 1163mpa.s, viscosity reduction: 77.98 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
9) after 120 hours (sixth day), the thick oil sample was tested for the fifth time: 702mPa.s, viscosity reduction rate: 86.70 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
10) after 144 hours (seventh day), the thick oil sample was tested for the sixth time: 419mPa.s, viscosity reduction rate: 92.06 percent; and stopping continuing the detection after the detection is finished.
The detection result of the thickened oil sample kinematic viscosity value for seven continuous days shows that the kinematic viscosity of the thickened oil sample is irreversibly continuously improved for six continuous days after 0.2 percent of the biological petroleum viscosity reducer medicament is added, the kinematic viscosity improvement value of the thickened oil sample tends to be gradually reduced after the seventh day, and viscosity reduction data after the seventh day are ignored in the experiment.
Example 2:
the thick crude oil of the Nanyang oil field of Henan province is collected for standby, and the following formula is used: 3.2 parts of octadecyl phosphate sodium salt, 3.8 parts of octadecyl glucoside, 19 parts of fatty acid methyl ester sodium sulfonate, 14 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 7 parts of isopropanol, 1 part of organic salt, 1 part of organic alcohol, 47 parts of water and 0.1 part of compound cellulase preparation.
1) Mixing the viscosity reducer finished product prepared by the formula with water to obtain 400 ml of 10% aqueous solution medicament, and stirring the aqueous solution medicament into homogeneous phase solution for later use;
2) taking 350-400 g of thick crude oil, injecting the thick crude oil into a beaker, and standing the beaker in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle for not less than 45 minutes;
3) detecting the kinematic viscosity of the thick crude oil in the beaker; the kinematic viscosity of the thick oil sample is detected by using a Brookfield DV-2T viscometer manufactured in America, and is as follows: 5282 mPa.s;
4) injecting 1% (actually, the dosage of the medicine is 0.1%) of a homogeneous solution medicine with the concentration of 10% into an oil sample beaker according to the weight proportion of the oil sample, stirring properly, fully mixing the medicine and the oil sample, sealing the beaker, standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath again for observation;
5) after 24 hours (next day), the first test was performed on the thickened oil sample: 4142mpa.s, viscosity reduction: 21.6 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
6) after 48 hours (third day), the thick oil sample was tested a second time: 3148mPa.s, viscosity reduction rate: 40.4 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
7) after 72 hours (fourth day), the thick oil sample was examined for a third time: 2331mpa.s, viscosity reduction: 55.7 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
8) after 96 hours (fifth day), the thickened oil sample was examined a fourth time: 1570mPa.s, viscosity reduction: 70.1 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
9) after 120 hours (sixth day), the thick oil sample was tested for the fifth time: 1115mpa.s, viscosity reduction rate: 78.9 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
10) after 144 hours (seventh day), the thick oil sample was tested for the sixth time: 859mPa.s, viscosity reduction rate: 83.7 percent; and stopping continuing the detection after the detection is finished.
The detection result of the thickened oil sample kinematic viscosity value for seven continuous days shows that the kinematic viscosity of the thickened oil sample is irreversibly continuously improved for six continuous days after 0.2 percent of the biological petroleum viscosity reducer medicament is added, the kinematic viscosity improvement value of the thickened oil sample tends to be gradually reduced after the seventh day, and viscosity reduction data after the seventh day are ignored in the experiment.
Example 3:
the thick crude oil of the Nanyang oil field of Henan province is collected for standby, and the following formula is used: 6.2 parts of octadecyl phosphate sodium salt, 6.8 parts of octadecyl glucoside, 21 parts of fatty acid methyl ester sodium sulfonate, 16 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 9 parts of isopropanol, 1 part of organic salts, 1 part of organic alcohols, 50 parts of water and 0.2 part of composite cellulase preparation.
1) Mixing the viscosity reducer finished product prepared by the formula with water to obtain 400 ml of 10% aqueous solution medicament, and stirring the aqueous solution medicament into homogeneous phase solution for later use;
2) taking 350-400 g of thick crude oil, injecting the thick crude oil into a beaker, and standing the beaker in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle for not less than 45 minutes;
3) detecting the kinematic viscosity of the thick crude oil in the beaker; the kinematic viscosity of the thick oil sample is detected by using a Brookfield DV-2T viscometer manufactured in America, and is as follows: 5282 mPa.s;
4) injecting 10% of homogeneous solution liquid medicament with the concentration of 10% into an oil sample beaker according to the weight proportion of the oil sample (actually, the using amount of the medicament is 1%), stirring properly, fully mixing the medicament and the oil sample, sealing the beaker, and standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath again for observation;
5) after 24 hours (next day), the first test was performed on the thickened oil sample: 4239mPa.s, viscosity reduction rate: 19.7 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
6) after 48 hours (third day), the thick oil sample was tested a second time: 3250mpa.s, viscosity reduction: 38.5 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
7) after 72 hours (fourth day), the thick oil sample was examined for a third time: 2485mPa.s, viscosity reduction rate: 52.9 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
8) after 96 hours (fifth day), the thickened oil sample was examined a fourth time: 1655mPa.s, viscosity reduction ratio: 68.7 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
9) after 120 hours (sixth day), the thick oil sample was tested for the fifth time: 1204mpa.s, viscosity reduction: 77.2 percent; after the detection is finished, sealing the opening, and continuously standing in a 50-DEG C constant-temperature water bath kettle;
10) after 144 hours (seventh day), the thick oil sample was tested for the sixth time: 960mpa.s, viscosity reduction: 81.8 percent; and stopping continuing the detection after the detection is finished.
The detection result of the thickened oil sample kinematic viscosity value for seven continuous days shows that the kinematic viscosity of the thickened oil sample is irreversibly continuously improved for six continuous days after 0.2 percent of the biological petroleum viscosity reducer medicament is added, the kinematic viscosity improvement value of the thickened oil sample tends to be gradually reduced after the seventh day, and viscosity reduction data after the seventh day are ignored in the experiment.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The biological petroleum viscosity reducer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 3.2-6.2 parts of sodium octadecyl phosphate, 3.8-6.8 parts of octadecyl glycoside, 19-21 parts of sodium fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, 14-16 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 7-9 parts of isopropanol, 1 part of organic salt, 1 part of organic alcohol, 47-50 parts of water and 0.1-0.2 part of composite cellulase preparation.
2. The bio-petroleum viscosity reducer according to claim 1, wherein the complex cellulase preparation is formed by modifying cellulase and hemicellulase with polyethylene glycol.
3. The bio-based oil viscosity reducing agent according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the cellulase to the hemicellulase is 0.001 to 0.002.
4. A method of preparing the bio-petroleum viscosity reducer of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1) adding octadecyl phosphate sodium salt, octadecyl glucoside and fatty acid methyl ester sodium sulfonate into water with the temperature of 60-80 ℃, and stirring for 100-120 minutes at constant temperature;
step 2), cooling the temperature to 55-65 ℃ after stirring, then adding fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and isopropanol, and stirring for 30-60 minutes at constant temperature;
step 3), after stirring, adding the composite cellulase preparation, stirring at constant temperature for 120-150 minutes, and stopping stirring;
and 4) keeping the constant temperature of 55-60 ℃ after stirring is finished, and obtaining the biological petroleum viscosity reducer after 3-4 hours.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the water in the step 1) is 80 ℃ and the stirring time at constant temperature is 120 minutes.
6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃ after the stirring in step 1) in step 2) is finished, and the stirring time at constant temperature is 30 minutes.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the stirring time at constant temperature in step 3) is 120 minutes.
8. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the biological petroleum viscosity reducer is obtained after the stirring in the step 3) in the step 4) is finished and the temperature is kept constant for 3-4 hours at 60 ℃.
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