CN111248453B

CN111248453B - Sunflower seed sheller

Info

Publication number: CN111248453B
Application number: CN201910824294.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李瑞勇; 李瑞刚
Original assignee: Wuyuan County Jinmai Promotion Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuyuan County Jinmai Promotion Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-02
Filing date: 2019-09-02
Publication date: 2024-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-02
Also published as: CN111248453A

Abstract

The invention discloses a sunflower seed sheller, which comprises a shell; the shell is internally provided with a raw hopper type lifter, a raw material centrifugal sheller, a returning centrifugal sheller, a crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen, a peeling negative pressure fan, a primary sorting slope screen, a feed hopper type lifter, a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation screen and a separation screen returning hopper type lifter; the feed inlet of the raw hopper type elevator is arranged on the shell; a discharge hole of the peeling negative pressure fan is arranged on the shell; the top discharge port of the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve is arranged on the shell. The advantages are that: on the premise of ensuring the whole kernel rate of sunflower seeds, the new input raw material sunflower seeds and unshelling sunflower seeds generated after unshelling treatment are separated and crushed synchronously, so that the processing capacity of the new input raw material sunflower seeds is not affected, and the requirement of re-cracking the unshelling sunflower seeds is met; ensures the production efficiency of sunflower seed shelling processing and meets the requirement of large-scale efficient production.

Description

Sunflower seed sheller

Technical field:

The invention relates to the field of food processing, in particular to a sunflower seed sheller.

The background technology is as follows:

In recent years, with the progress and development of technology, automatic production equipment is continuously developed. Sunflower seeds are widely used as an important oil source and snack food as a sheller. The sunflower seed shelling method mainly comprises a bumping method and a rolling method, at present, a sunflower seed sheller is mainly used for shelling sunflower seeds by a centrifugal bumping sunflower seed sheller which adopts a bumping method, and then a sorting sieve is used for sieving sunflower seeds, as the sunflower seeds have great differences in variety, water content and individual size, the sunflower seed processing technology is difficult to consider the technical requirements on the whole kernel rate and the processing purity, the whole kernel rate of finished sunflower seeds is improved, the quality of the sunflower seeds is ensured, the shelling purity of the sheller can only be reduced, the disposable shelling rate of the sheller is low, the sheller is required to be matched with complicated multi-stage sieving, recycling, conveying and other equipment, the high final shelling rate can be ensured when the unshelled sunflower seeds are recycled to the same sheller, and the new sunflower seeds and the unshelled sunflower seeds are simultaneously shelled by the same sheller, so that the new sunflower seeds have low processing capacity and the added material pouring, feeding and sieving work can not be carried out along with the unshelled sunflower seeds which are repeatedly carried out, the requirements on large scale production efficiency are met; meanwhile, the film skin of the outer layer of the sunflower seed shell and the film seed skin of the sunflower seed kernel fly everywhere in the process of peeling sunflower seeds and screening sunflower seeds, so that the working environment is polluted, and the physical health of workers is affected.

The invention comprises the following steps:

the invention aims to provide the sunflower seed sheller which can separate and synchronously crush raw sunflower seeds and unhulled sunflower seeds generated after shelling treatment and improve the shelling production efficiency of the sunflower seeds while ensuring the whole kernel rate.

The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: the sunflower seed sheller comprises a shell, a raw material bucket elevator, a raw material centrifugal sheller, a returning centrifugal sheller, a crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen, a peeling negative pressure fan, a primary sorting slope screen, a feed hopper elevator, a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation screen and a separation screen returning bucket elevator; the shell is internally provided with the raw material hopper type lifting machine, the raw material centrifugal sheller, the returned material centrifugal sheller, the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen, the peeling negative pressure fan, the primary sorting slope screen, the feed hopper type lifting machine, the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separating screen and the separating screen returning hopper type lifting machine; the feed inlet of the raw material bucket elevator is arranged on the shell; a raw material chute is arranged between the discharge port of the raw material bucket elevator and the feed port of the raw material centrifugal sheller; the raw material centrifugal sheller, the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen and the primary sorting slope screen are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; a discharge hole of the raw material centrifugal sheller is arranged above a screen surface of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen; the undersize discharge port of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen is arranged on the shell; the feeding hole of the peeling negative pressure fan is arranged above the screen upper material discharging hole of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen; the discharge port of the peeling negative pressure fan is arranged on the shell; the oversize material discharge port of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen is arranged above the screen surface of the primary sorting slope screen; the top discharge port of the primary sorting slope sieve is arranged above the feed inlet of the feed hopper type elevator; a feeding chute is arranged between the discharge port of the feed hopper type elevator and the feed port of the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve; the top discharge port of the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve is arranged on the shell; the bottom discharge port of the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve is communicated with the feed port of the separation sieve return hopper type elevator, and the discharge port of the separation sieve return hopper type elevator is arranged above the sieve surface of the primary separation slope sieve; a uniform distribution plate is arranged between a discharge hole of the separating screen returning hopper type elevator and a screen surface of the primary sorting slope screen; the bottom discharge port of the primary sorting slope sieve is communicated with the feed inlet of the returning hopper type elevator; a return chute is arranged between the discharge port of the return hopper type elevator and the feed port of the return centrifugal sheller; and a discharge hole of the returning centrifugal sheller is arranged above a screen surface of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen.

Preferably, the raw material centrifugal sheller has the same structure as the returned centrifugal sheller, and comprises a cylindrical sheller main body with vertically arranged upper and lower openings, wherein a top plate is arranged on the top opening of the sheller main body, a motor is vertically arranged in the sheller main body, and a motor shaft of the motor is coaxially arranged with the sheller main body; a sheller body above the motor is provided with a sheller cover in a sliding manner up and down, and the sheller cover is in a truncated cone shape with a hollow inside and an upper opening and a lower opening; more than three adjusting rods of the shelling cover are hinged on the upper surface of the shelling cover; the top end of the shelling cover adjusting rod penetrates through the top plate and is arranged at the outer side of the sheller main body, and a nut is screwed on the sheller adjusting rod at the outer side of the sheller main body; a centrifugal wheel is arranged at the top end of the motor shaft above the motor, and the centrifugal wheel is arranged in the shelling cover; the centrifugal wheel comprises four discs which are same in size and horizontally and concentrically arranged; the disc at the bottom is fixedly connected with the motor shaft; the centers of the three upper discs are respectively provided with a disc feeding hole; the three disc feed inlets are gradually reduced from top to bottom; vertically arranged blades are uniformly arranged between the disc surfaces of adjacent discs along the circumferences of the discs; the blades are arranged between the upper disc feed inlet and the disc edge; a feed pipe is arranged on the top plate, and the top opening of the feed pipe is arranged on the outer side of the top plate and is a feed inlet of the sunflower seed sheller; the bottom opening of the feeding pipe is arranged above the disc feeding hole at the top of the centrifugal wheel; the bottom opening of the sheller main body is a discharge hole of the sunflower seed sheller.

Preferably, the number of the raw material centrifugal shellers is more than one, and the number of the returned material centrifugal shellers is more than one.

Preferably, the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve comprises a base and a sieve bed, and the sieve bed is obliquely arranged above the frame; a plate spring is arranged between the frame and the side wall of the sieve bed; a discharge hole is formed in the side wall of the top end of the sieve bed in the length direction; a material returning port is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the sieve bed in the length direction; the air collecting cover is arranged above the sieve bed, the side wall of the air collecting cover is connected with the side wall of the frame through a fixed beam, and flexible sealing cloth is arranged between the top edge of the sieve bed and the bottom edge of the air collecting cover; a feed inlet and more than one fan are arranged at the top of the wind collecting cover; an air quantity regulator is arranged in the air collecting cover.

Preferably, the air quantity regulator comprises a fixed orifice plate and an adjusting orifice plate, wherein the fixed orifice plate is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the air collecting cover, and more than one adjusting orifice plate is slidably arranged at the bottom of the fixed orifice plate; an adjusting screw is rotatably arranged on each adjusting hole plate; one end of the adjusting screw rod penetrates through the shell of the wind collecting cover and is arranged on the outer side of the wind collecting cover, and the adjusting screw rod is in threaded connection with the shell of the wind collecting cover.

The invention has the advantages that: on the premise of ensuring the whole kernel rate of sunflower seeds, the new input raw material sunflower seeds and unshelling sunflower seeds generated after unshelling treatment are separated and crushed synchronously, so that the processing capacity of the new input raw material sunflower seeds is not affected, and the requirement of re-cracking the unshelling sunflower seeds is met; ensures the production efficiency of sunflower seed shelling processing and meets the requirement of large-scale efficient production.

Description of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the raw material centrifugal sheller and the return centrifugal sheller.

Fig. 3 is an overall schematic diagram of a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation screen.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wind collecting hood.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the air volume regulator.

The sheller comprises a shell 1, a raw material bucket elevator 2, a raw material centrifugal sheller 3, a returning centrifugal sheller 4, a crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen 5, a peeling negative pressure fan 6, a primary sorting slope screen 7, a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation screen 8, a base 801, a screen bed 802, a leaf spring 803, a discharge port 804, a returning port 805, a wind collecting cover 806, a fixed beam 807, a flexible sealing cloth 808, a feed port 809, a fan 810, an air regulator 811, a fixed orifice 812, an adjusting orifice 813, an adjusting screw 814, a sieve 815, a fish scale 816, a sheller main body 9, a top plate 10, a motor 11, a motor shaft 12, a shelling cover 13, a shelling cover adjusting lever 14, a nut 15, a centrifugal wheel 16, a disc 17, a disc feed port 18, a blade 19, a feed pipe 20, a raw material chute 21, a feed hopper elevator 22, a feed chute 23, a separating screen returning bucket elevator 24, a uniform distribution board 25, a returning bucket elevator 26 and a chute 27.

The specific embodiment is as follows:

Examples: as shown in fig. 1, the sunflower seed sheller comprises a shell 1, a raw material centrifugal sheller 3, a returning centrifugal sheller 4, a crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen 5, a peeling negative pressure fan 6, a primary sorting slope screen 7 and a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation screen 8; a shell 1 is internally provided with a raw material hopper type lifting machine 2, two raw material centrifugal shellers 3, two material returning centrifugal shellers 4, a crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen 5, a peeling negative pressure fan 6, a primary sorting slope screen 7 and a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation screen 8; the centrifugal raw material sheller 3 has the same structure as the centrifugal returned material sheller 4, and comprises a cylindrical sheller main body 9 with vertically arranged upper and lower openings, wherein a top plate 10 is arranged on the top opening of the sheller main body 9, a motor 11 is vertically arranged in the sheller main body 9, and a motor shaft 12 of the motor 11 is coaxially arranged with the sheller main body 9; a sheller main body 9 above the motor 11 is provided with a sheller cover 13 in a sliding way up and down, and the sheller cover 13 is in a round table shape with a hollow inside and an upper opening and a lower opening; three adjusting rods 14 of the shelling cover are hinged on the upper surface of the shelling cover 13; the top end of the shelling cover adjusting rod 14 passes through the top plate 10 and is arranged at the outer side of the sheller main body 9, and a nut 15 is screwed on the sheller adjusting rod 14 at the outer side of the sheller main body 9; the bottom surface of the nut 15 is attached to the top plate 10; a centrifugal wheel 16 is arranged at the top end of the motor shaft 12 above the motor 11, and the centrifugal wheel 16 is arranged in the shell-removing cover 13; the centrifugal wheel 16 comprises four discs 17 which are the same in size and are horizontally and concentrically arranged up and down; the disc 17 at the bottom is fixedly connected with the motor shaft 12; the centers of the upper three discs 17 are respectively provided with a disc feeding hole 18; the three disc feed inlets 18 are gradually reduced from top to bottom to form an inverted cone shape, so that the material loading quantity of the centrifugal wheel 16 is increased; vertically arranged blades 19 are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the disc 17 between the disc surfaces of adjacent discs 17; the blades 19 are arranged between the upper disc feed inlet 18 and the edge of the disc 17; a feed pipe 20 is arranged on the top plate 10, and the top opening of the feed pipe 20 is arranged on the outer side of the top plate 10 and is the feed inlets of the raw material centrifugal sheller 3 and the returning centrifugal sheller 4; the bottom opening of the feed tube 20 is positioned above the disk feed port 18 at the top of the centrifuge wheel 16; the bottom opening of the sheller main body 9 is a discharge port of the raw material centrifugal sheller 3 and the returned material centrifugal sheller 4; the length of the shell cover adjusting rod 14 below the top plate 10 is adjusted through the rotating nut 15, the relative position of the inner wall of the shell cover 13 and the blades 19 is adjusted, and the angle of the sunflower seeds centrifugally thrown out by the centrifugal wheel 16 to impact the inner wall of the shell cover 13 is adjusted, so that the shell breaking rate of the sunflower seeds is adjusted under the condition that the rotating speed of the motor 11 is unchanged;

as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve 8 includes a base 801 and a sieve bed 802, and the sieve bed 802 is obliquely provided above the base 801; a plate spring 803 is arranged between the base 801 and the side wall of the sieve bed 802; a discharge hole 804 is arranged on the side wall of the top end of the sieve bed 802 in the length direction; a return port 805 is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the sieve bed 802 in the length direction; a wind collecting cover 806 is arranged above the sieve bed 802, the side wall of the wind collecting cover 806 is connected with the side wall of the base 801 through a fixed beam 807, and a flexible sealing cloth 808 is arranged between the top edge of the sieve bed 802 and the bottom edge of the wind collecting cover 806; a feed inlet 809 and five fans 810 are arranged at the top of the wind collecting cover 806; the bed surface of the sieve bed 802 between the feed inlet 809 and the discharge outlet 804 is a sieve plate 815; the sieve bed 802 between the feed port 809 and the return port 805 has a bed surface of a fish plate 816, and the working principle of the sieve bed 802 is consistent with that of a sieve bed in a conventional weight machine and is driven by an eccentric motor to vibrate in a reciprocating manner; as shown in fig. 5 and 6, an air volume regulator 811 is provided in the air collecting cover 806, the air volume regulator 811 includes a fixed orifice 812 and an adjusting orifice 813, the fixed orifice 812 is fixedly provided in the air collecting cover 806, and more than one adjusting orifice 813 is slidably provided at the bottom of the fixed orifice 812; an adjusting screw 814 is rotatably arranged on each adjusting hole plate 813; one end of an adjusting screw 814 passes through the shell of the wind collecting cover 806 and is arranged at the outer side of the wind collecting cover 806, and the adjusting screw 814 is in threaded connection with the shell of the wind collecting cover 806; the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve 8 adopts an updraught type air source, so that impurities in the screening process are collected, dust pollution is reduced, impurities are prevented from blocking sieve holes on a sieve bed, the ventilation rate of the sieve bed is ensured, the energy consumption and the cleaning times of the sieve bed are reduced, and the maintenance cost is reduced; meanwhile, impurities cannot be accumulated in the base 801, so that the service life is prolonged; an air quantity regulator 811 in the air collection cover 806 enables the suspension air speed of the materials in different areas on the screen surface to be adjustable; the suspension air speed of the materials on the screen surface from bottom to top is ensured, the screening effect is ensured, the energy consumption is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved;

The feed inlet of the raw hopper type elevator 2 is arranged on the shell 1; a raw material chute 21 is arranged between the discharge port of the raw material hopper type lifting machine 2 and the feed port of the raw material centrifugal sheller 3; the raw material centrifugal sheller 3, the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen 5 and the primary sorting slope screen 7 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; a discharge hole of the raw material centrifugal sheller 3 is arranged above a screen surface of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen 5; the undersize discharge port of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen 5 is arranged on the shell 1; the feed inlet of the peeling negative pressure fan 6 is arranged above the discharge outlet of the oversize material of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen 5; a discharge hole of the peeling negative pressure fan 6 is arranged on the shell 1; the screen upper material discharge port of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen 5 is arranged above the screen surface of the primary sorting slope screen 7; the top discharge port of the primary sorting slope sieve 7 is arranged above the feed port of the feed hopper type lifter 22; a feeding chute 23 is arranged between the discharge port of the feed hopper type lifting machine 22 and the feed port of the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve 8; a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve discharge hole 804 is arranged on the shell 1; the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separating screen returning port 805 is communicated with the feeding port of the separating screen returning bucket elevator 24, and the discharging port of the separating screen returning bucket elevator 24 is arranged above the screen surface of the primary separating slope screen 7; a uniform distribution plate 25 is arranged between the discharge hole of the separating screen returning hopper type elevator 24 and the screen surface of the primary separation slope screen 7; the bottom discharge port of the primary sorting slope sieve 7 is communicated with the feed port of the returning hopper type elevator 26; a return chute 27 is arranged between the discharge port of the return hopper type elevator 26 and the feed port of the return centrifugal sheller 4; the discharge port of the returning centrifugal sheller 4 is arranged above the screen surface of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen 5, so that the newly input raw material sunflower seeds and unhulled sunflower seeds generated after shelling are separated and synchronously crushed, the processing capacity of the newly input raw material sunflower seeds is not affected, and the requirement for re-shelling the unhulled sunflower seeds is met; ensures the production efficiency of sunflower seed shelling processing and meets the requirement of large-scale efficient production.

The sunflower seed dehulling method using the sunflower seed dehulling machine of the invention comprises the following steps:

Step one, centrifugal shelling of raw materials: the sunflower seed raw material is put into a raw hopper type lifting machine 2, and the sunflower seed raw material enters a raw material centrifugal sheller 3 from the raw hopper type lifting machine 2 through a raw material chute 21 for centrifugal shelling, so as to obtain broken sunflower seeds, sunflower seed shells, unshelled sunflower seeds and complete sunflower seeds.

Step two, sorting crushed kernels: in the first step, crushed sunflower seeds, sunflower seed shells, unshelled sunflower seeds and complete sunflower seeds obtained through centrifugal shelling of the raw material centrifugal sheller 3 fall on the screen surface of a crushed sunflower seed sorting vibrating screen 5 through a discharge port of the raw material centrifugal sheller 3, the crushed sunflower seeds are screened and separated by the crushed sunflower seed sorting vibrating screen 5, the crushed sunflower seeds are screened out by the crushed sunflower seed sorting vibrating screen 5 and discharged to the outer side of the shell 1 through a screen lower discharge port of the crushed sunflower seed sorting vibrating screen 5, and the residual sunflower seed shells, unshelled sunflower seeds and complete sunflower seeds are conveyed to a primary sorting slope screen 7 by the crushed sunflower seed sorting vibrating screen 5.

Step three, peeling and winnowing: and (3) when the sunflower seed shells, unshelled sunflower seeds and complete sunflower seeds obtained in the step two pass through a screen upper material discharge hole of the crushed seed sorting vibrating screen 5, the sunflower seed shells are sorted out by negative pressure formed by the winnowing machine 3, so that the complete unshelled sunflower seeds and complete sunflower seeds are obtained and fall on the screen surface of the primary sorting slope screen 7.

Step four, sorting the primary kernels: sorting a small amount of sunflower seed shells, unshelled sunflower seeds and complete sunflower seeds obtained in the third step through a first sorting slope sieve 7; the largely unshelled sunflower seeds are selected, and a small amount of unshelled sunflower seeds and complete sunflower seeds are obtained and sent into a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve 8 through a feeding chute 23 by a feeding hopper type lifter 22.

Step five, sorting the second nuts: sorting a small amount of unhulled sunflower seeds and complete sunflower seeds obtained in the fourth step by a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve 8; and (5) selecting the remaining unhulled sunflower seeds to obtain a finished sunflower seed product, and outputting the finished sunflower seed product through a discharge hole 804 of the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve.

And (3) returning materials, namely conveying the residual unshelling sunflower seeds selected in the step five to a uniformly-distributed plate 25 through a material returning opening 805 of a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separating sieve, uniformly distributing and sprinkling the residual unshelling sunflower seeds on the screen surface of a primary sorting slope sieve 7 through the uniformly-distributed plate 25, conveying the residual unshelling sunflower seeds and most of the unshelling sunflower seeds selected in the step four into a returning centrifugal unshelling device 4 through a material returning chute 27 together with the residual unshelling sunflower seeds, and carrying out centrifugal unshelling again to obtain crushed sunflower seeds, sunflower seed shells, unshelling sunflower seeds and complete sunflower seeds, and continuously repeating the step two to the step five to obtain complete sunflower seed finished products.

Claims

1. The sunflower seed sheller is characterized by comprising a shell, a raw material bucket elevator, a raw material centrifugal sheller, a returning centrifugal sheller, a crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen, a peeling negative pressure fan, a primary sorting slope screen, a feed hopper elevator, a secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation screen and a separation screen returning bucket elevator; the shell is internally provided with the raw material hopper type lifting machine, the raw material centrifugal sheller, the returned material centrifugal sheller, the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen, the peeling negative pressure fan, the primary sorting slope screen, the feed hopper type lifting machine, the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separating screen and the separating screen returning hopper type lifting machine; the feed inlet of the raw material bucket elevator is arranged on the shell; a raw material chute is arranged between the discharge port of the raw material bucket elevator and the feed port of the raw material centrifugal sheller; the raw material centrifugal sheller, the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen and the primary sorting slope screen are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; a discharge hole of the raw material centrifugal sheller is arranged above a screen surface of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen; the undersize discharge port of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen is arranged on the shell; the feeding hole of the peeling negative pressure fan is arranged above the screen upper material discharging hole of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen; the discharge port of the peeling negative pressure fan is arranged on the shell; the oversize material discharge port of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen is arranged above the screen surface of the primary sorting slope screen; the top discharge port of the primary sorting slope sieve is arranged above the feed inlet of the feed hopper type elevator; a feeding chute is arranged between the discharge port of the feed hopper type elevator and the feed port of the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve; the top discharge port of the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve is arranged on the shell; the bottom discharge port of the secondary negative pressure specific gravity separation sieve is communicated with the feed port of the separation sieve return hopper type elevator, and the discharge port of the separation sieve return hopper type elevator is arranged above the sieve surface of the primary separation slope sieve; a uniform distribution plate is arranged between a discharge hole of the separating screen returning hopper type elevator and a screen surface of the primary sorting slope screen; the bottom discharge port of the primary sorting slope sieve is communicated with the feed inlet of the returning hopper type elevator; a return chute is arranged between the discharge port of the return hopper type elevator and the feed port of the return centrifugal sheller; and a discharge hole of the returning centrifugal sheller is arranged above a screen surface of the crushed kernel sorting vibrating screen.

2. Sunflower seed sheller according to claim 1, wherein the raw material centrifugal sheller has the same structure as the return centrifugal sheller and comprises a cylindrical sheller body with vertically arranged upper and lower openings, a top plate is arranged on the top opening of the sheller body, a motor is vertically arranged in the sheller body, and a motor shaft of the motor is coaxially arranged with the sheller body; a sheller body above the motor is provided with a sheller cover in a sliding manner up and down, and the sheller cover is in a truncated cone shape with a hollow inside and an upper opening and a lower opening; more than three adjusting rods of the shelling cover are hinged on the upper surface of the shelling cover; the top end of the shelling cover adjusting rod penetrates through the top plate and is arranged at the outer side of the sheller main body, and a nut is screwed on the sheller adjusting rod at the outer side of the sheller main body; a centrifugal wheel is arranged at the top end of the motor shaft above the motor, and the centrifugal wheel is arranged in the shelling cover; the centrifugal wheel comprises four discs which are same in size and horizontally and concentrically arranged; the disc at the bottom is fixedly connected with the motor shaft; the centers of the three upper discs are respectively provided with a disc feeding hole; the three disc feed inlets are gradually reduced from top to bottom; vertically arranged blades are uniformly arranged between the disc surfaces of adjacent discs along the circumferences of the discs; the blades are arranged between the upper disc feed inlet and the disc edge; a feed pipe is arranged on the top plate, and the top opening of the feed pipe is arranged on the outer side of the top plate and is a feed inlet of the sunflower seed sheller; the bottom opening of the feeding pipe is arranged above the disc feeding hole at the top of the centrifugal wheel; the bottom opening of the sheller main body is a discharge hole of the sunflower seed sheller.

3. Sunflower seed dehulling machine according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein said raw material centrifugal dehulling machine is more than one, and said return centrifugal dehulling machine is more than one.

4. A sunflower seed sheller according to claim 3, wherein the secondary negative pressure gravity separation sieve comprises a base and a sieve bed, the sieve bed being obliquely arranged above the frame; a plate spring is arranged between the frame and the side wall of the sieve bed; a discharge hole is formed in the side wall of the top end of the sieve bed in the length direction; a material returning port is arranged on the side wall of the bottom end of the sieve bed in the length direction; a wind collecting cover is arranged above the sieve bed, the side wall of the wind collecting cover is connected with the side wall of the frame through a fixed beam, and flexible sealing cloth is arranged between the top edge of the sieve bed and the bottom edge of the wind collecting cover; a feed inlet and more than one fan are arranged at the top of the wind collecting cover; an air quantity regulator is arranged in the air collecting cover.

5. The sunflower seed sheller according to claim 4, wherein the air volume regulator comprises a fixed orifice plate and an adjusting orifice plate, wherein the fixed orifice plate is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the air collecting cover, and more than one adjusting orifice plate is slidably arranged at the bottom of the fixed orifice plate; an adjusting screw is rotatably arranged on each adjusting hole plate; one end of the adjusting screw rod penetrates through the shell of the wind collecting cover and is arranged on the outer side of the wind collecting cover, and the adjusting screw rod is in threaded connection with the shell of the wind collecting cover.